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Kim J, Choi A, Kwon YH. Maternal low-protein diet alters hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in young adult mouse offspring fed a postweaning high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:193-198. [PMID: 37820455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Maternal consumption of low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy has been demonstrated to increase the chances of adult offspring developing metabolic syndrome, and this risk can be exacerbated when the postnatal diets do not align with the prenatal conditions. However, in our previous study, focusing on serum parameters and gene expression patterns within adipose tissue, we discovered the presence of "healthy obesity" in young adult offspring from dams that were fed an LP, as a response to a postweaning high-fat (HF) diet. Here, we subsequently investigated the role played by the liver and skeletal muscle in alleviation of insulin resistance in male offspring that were fed either control (C/C group) or HF diet (C/HF and LP/HF groups) for 22 weeks. While a postweaning HF diet increased liver weight and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in offspring of control dams, these levels were lower in the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group. Analysis of the liver transcriptome identified 430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LP/HF and C/HF comparison. Especially, downregulated DEGs were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and the levels of DEGs were significantly correlated with the levels of markers for serum glucose homeostasis and hepatic lipid accumulation. In the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group, there was a decrease in the gastrocnemius muscle weight, while no differences were observed in gene expression levels associated with muscle fiber phenotype, mitochondrial function, and inflammation. In conclusion, maternal LP diet induced changes in lipid and glucose metabolism within the liver, similar to what was observed in adipose tissue, while there were no alterations in metabolic functions in the skeletal muscle in young offspring mice fed an HF diet. Further research that investigating the enduring impact of nutritional transition on offspring is essential to gain a comprehensive grasp of developmental programming throughout their entire lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Simões-Alves AC, Arcoverde-Mello APFC, Campos JDO, Wanderley AG, Leandro CVG, da Costa-Silva JH, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V. Cardiometabolic Effects of Postnatal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction In Utero. Front Physiol 2022; 13:829920. [PMID: 35620602 PMCID: PMC9127546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases has been replaced by a high prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. Concomitantly, there have been profound changes in the behavior and eating habits of families around the world, characterizing a “nutritional transition” phenomenon, which refers to a shift in diet in response to modernization, urbanization, or economic development from undernutrition to the excessive consumption of hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods. Protein malnutrition that was a health problem in the first half of the 20th century has now been replaced by high-fat diets, especially diets high in saturated fat, predisposing consumers to overweight and obesity. This panorama points us to the alarming coexistence of both malnutrition and obesity in the same population. In this way, individuals whose mothers were undernourished early in pregnancy and then exposed to postnatal hyperlipidic nutrition have increased risk factors for developing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Thus, our major aim was to review the cardiometabolic effects resulting from postnatal hyperlipidic diets in protein-restricted subjects, as well as to examine the epigenetic repercussions occasioned by the nutritional transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany Cibelle Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fonseca Cabral Arcoverde-Mello
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Oliveira Campos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Virginia Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - João Henrique da Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza,
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Moon HS, Kim H, Kim B, Kim MS, Kim JH, Kwon O. Mouse Model of Small for Gestational Age Offspring with Catch-up Growth Failure and Dysregulated Glucose Metabolism in Adulthood. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:81-85. [PMID: 35301269 PMCID: PMC8987454 DOI: 10.7570/jomes22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to build mouse models of small for gestational age (SGA), recapitulating failure of catch-up growth and dysregulated metabolic outcomes in adulthood. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given a protein-restricted diet (PRD; 6% kcal from protein) during pregnancy without (model 1) or with cross-fostering (model 2). Model 3 extended the PRD to the end of the lactation period. Model 4 changed to a 9% PRD without cross-fostering. Results Model 1 yielded a reduced size of offspring with a poor survival rate. Model 2 improved survival but offspring showed early catch-up growth. Model 3 maintained a reduced size of offspring after weaning with a higher body mass index and blood glucose levels in adult stages. Model 4 increased the survival of the offspring while maintaining a reduced size and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Conclusion Models 3 and 4 are suitable for studying SGA accompanying adulthood short stature and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Seok Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Posont RJ, Cadaret CN, Beard JK, Swanson RM, Gibbs RL, Marks-Nelson ES, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Maternofetal inflammation induced for 2 wk in late gestation reduced birth weight and impaired neonatal growth and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in lambs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6199898. [PMID: 33780540 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine stress impairs growth and metabolism in the fetus and offspring. We recently found that sustained maternofetal inflammation resulted in intrauterine growth-restricted (MI-IUGR) fetuses with asymmetric body composition, impaired muscle glucose metabolism, and β-cell dysfunction near term. These fetuses also exhibited heightened inflammatory tone, which we postulated was a fetal programming mechanism for the IUGR phenotype. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether poor growth and metabolism persisted in MI-IUGR lambs after birth. Polypay ewes received serial lipopolysaccharide or saline injections in the first 2 wk of the third trimester of pregnancy to produce MI-IUGR (n = 13) and control (n = 12) lambs, respectively. Lambs were catheterized at 25 d of age. β-Cell function was assessed at 29 d, hindlimb glucose metabolism at 30 d, and daily blood parameters from day 26 to 31. Glucose metabolism was also assessed in flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle isolated at necropsy on day 31. Asymmetric body composition persisted in MI-IUGR neonates, as these lambs were lighter (P < 0.05) than controls at birth and 31 d, but body and cannon bone lengths did not differ at either age. FDS muscles from MI-IUGR lambs were smaller (P < 0.05) and exhibited reduced (P < 0.05) glucose oxidation and Akt phosphorylation but similar glucose uptake compared with controls when incubated in basal or insulin-spiked media. Similarly, hindlimb glucose oxidation was reduced (P < 0.05) in MI-IUGR lambs under basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions, but hindlimb glucose utilization did not differ from controls. Circulating urea nitrogen and cholesterol were reduced (P < 0.05), and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose-to-insulin ratios were increased (P < 0.05) in MI-IUGR lambs. Glucose and insulin concentrations did not differ between groups during basal or hyperglycemic conditions. Although circulating monocyte and granulocyte concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in MI-IUGR lambs, plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was reduced (P < 0.05). FDS muscle contained greater (P < 0.05) TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and IκBα protein content. These findings indicate that maternofetal inflammation in late pregnancy results in fetal programming that impairs growth capacity, muscle glucose oxidation, and lipid homeostasis in offspring. Inflammatory indicators measured in this study appear to reflect heightened cytokine sensitivity in muscle and compensatory systemic responses to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Posont
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Caitlin N Cadaret
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joslyn K Beard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Rebecca M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Rachel L Gibbs
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Eileen S Marks-Nelson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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