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Fujii N, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Tanabe Y, Kenny GP, Amano T, Mündel T, Lei TH, Watanabe K, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Galanin receptors modulate cutaneous vasodilation elicited by whole-body and local heating but not thermal sweating in young adults. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175904. [PMID: 37422121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Galanin receptor subtypes GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3 are involved in several biological functions. We hypothesized that 1) GAL3 receptor activation contributes to sweating but limits cutaneous vasodilation induced by whole-body and local heating without a contribution of GAL2; and 2) GAL1 receptor activation attenuates both sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during whole-body heating. Young adults underwent whole-body (n = 12, 6 females) and local (n = 10, 4 females) heating. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) were assessed during whole-body heating (water-perfusion suit circulated with warm (35 °C) water), while CVC was also assessed by local forearm heating (33 °C-39 °C and elevated to 42 °C thereafter; each level of heating maintained for ∼30 min). Sweat rate and CVC were evaluated at four intradermal microdialysis forearm sites treated with either 1) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (control), 2) M40, a non-selective GAL1 and GAL2 receptor antagonist, 3) M871 to selectively antagonize GAL2 receptor, or 4) SNAP398299 to selectively antagonize GAL3 receptor. Sweating was not modulated by any GAL receptor antagonist (P > 0.169), whereas only M40 reduced CVC (P ≤ 0.003) relative to control during whole-body heating. Relative to control, SNAP398299 augmented the initial and sustained increase in CVC during local heating to 39 °C, and the transient increase at 42 °C (P ≤ 0.028). We confirmed that while none of the galanin receptors modulate sweating during whole-body heating, GAL1 receptors mediate cutaneous vasodilation. Further, GAL3 receptors blunt cutaneous vasodilation during local heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Junko Shibato
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Toby Mündel
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China.
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny GP, Mündel T, Lei TH, Honda Y, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation in humans in vivo. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:844-853. [PMID: 35688020 DOI: 10.1113/ep090521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) blockers modulate the activation of heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation? What are the main finding and its importance? Relative to the vehicle control site, TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone had no effect on sweat rate or cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body heating inducing a 1.1 ± 0.1°C increase in core temperature above baseline resting levels. These results suggest that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heat stress. ABSTRACT Animal and in vitro studies suggest that transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, contributes to regulating eccrine sweating. However, direct evidence supporting this possibility in humans is lacking. We assessed the hypothesis that TMEM16A blockers attenuate sweating during whole-body heating in humans. Additionally, we assessed the associated changes in the heat loss response of cutaneous vasodilatation to determine if a functional role of TMEM16A may exist. Twelve young (24 ± 2 years) adults (six females) underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfused suit to raise core temperature 1.1 ± 0.1°C above baseline. Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (normalized to maximal conductance via administration of sodium nitroprusside) were evaluated continuously at four forearm skin sites treated continuously by intradermal microdialysis with (1) lactated Ringer's solution (control), (2) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as a vehicle control, or (3) TMEM16A blockers 1 mM T16Ainh-A01 or 2 mM benzbromarone dissolved in 5% DMSO solution. All drugs were administered continuously via intradermal microdialysis. Whole-body heating increased core temperature progressively and this was paralleled by an increase in sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance at all skin sites. However, sweat rate (all P > 0.318) and cutaneous vascular conductance (all P ≥ 0.073) did not differ between the vehicle control site relative to the TMEM16A blocker-treated sites. Collectively, our findings indicate that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heating in young adults in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Hayakawa T, Fujita F, Okada F, Sekiguchi K. Establishment and characterization of immortalized sweat gland myoepithelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7. [PMID: 34997030 PMCID: PMC8741770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweat glands play an important role in thermoregulation via sweating, and protect human vitals. The reduction in sweating may increase the incidence of hyperthermia. Myoepithelial cells in sweat glands exhibit stemness characteristics and play a major role in sweat gland homeostasis and sweating processes. Previously, we successfully passaged primary myoepithelial cells in spheroid culture systems; however, they could not be maintained for long under in vitro conditions. No myoepithelial cell line has been established to date. In this study, we transduced two immortalizing genes into primary myoepithelial cells and developed a myoepithelial cell line. When compared with primary sweat gland cells, the immortalized myoepithelial cells (designated "iEM") continued to form spheroids after the 4th passage and expressed α-smooth muscle actin and other proteins that characterize myoepithelial cells. Furthermore, treatment with small compounds targeting the Wnt signaling pathways induced differentiation of iEM cells into luminal cells. Thus, we successfully developed an immortalized myoepithelial cell line having differentiation potential. As animal models are not useful for studying human sweat glands, our cell line will be helpful for studying the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of sweating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Fujita
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Fumihiro Okada
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Bovell DL. The evolution of eccrine sweat gland research towards developing a model for human sweat gland function. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:544-550. [PMID: 29626846 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For several decades now, researchers, professional bodies, governments, and journals such as the journal of Experimental Dermatology have worked to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation. This review centres on investigations into how human sweat glands produce sweat and how that research has evolved over the years. It is hoped that this review will show that as methodologies advanced, sweat gland research has come to rely less and less on a variety of animal models as investigative tools and information is being primarily obtained through human and mouse material, with a view to further reductions in using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Bovell
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Concepcion AR, Vaeth M, Wagner LE, Eckstein M, Hecht L, Yang J, Crottes D, Seidl M, Shin HP, Weidinger C, Cameron S, Turvey SE, Issekutz T, Meyts I, Lacruz RS, Cuk M, Yule DI, Feske S. Store-operated Ca2+ entry regulates Ca2+-activated chloride channels and eccrine sweat gland function. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4303-4318. [PMID: 27721237 DOI: 10.1172/jci89056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands are essential for sweating and thermoregulation in humans. Loss-of-function mutations in the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel genes ORAI1 and STIM1 abolish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and patients with these CRAC channel mutations suffer from anhidrosis and hyperthermia at high ambient temperatures. Here we have shown that CRAC channel-deficient patients and mice with ectodermal tissue-specific deletion of Orai1 (Orai1K14Cre) or Stim1 and Stim2 (Stim1/2K14Cre) failed to sweat despite normal sweat gland development. SOCE was absent in agonist-stimulated sweat glands from Orai1K14Cre and Stim1/2K14Cre mice and human sweat gland cells lacking ORAI1 or STIM1 expression. In Orai1K14Cre mice, abolishment of SOCE was associated with impaired chloride secretion by primary murine sweat glands. In human sweat gland cells, SOCE mediated by ORAI1 was necessary for agonist-induced chloride secretion and activation of the Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also known as TMEM16A). By contrast, expression of TMEM16A, the water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5), and other regulators of sweat gland function was normal in the absence of SOCE. Our findings demonstrate that Ca2+ influx via store-operated CRAC channels is essential for CaCC activation, chloride secretion, and sweat production in humans and mice.
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Ertongur-Fauth T, Hochheimer A, Buescher JM, Rapprich S, Krohn M. A novel TMEM16A splice variant lacking the dimerization domain contributes to calcium-activated chloride secretion in human sweat gland epithelial cells. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:825-31. [PMID: 25220078 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sweating is an important physiological process to regulate body temperature in humans, and various disorders are associated with dysregulated sweat formation. Primary sweat secretion in human eccrine sweat glands involves Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) channels (CaCC). Recently, members of the TMEM16 family were identified as CaCCs in various secretory epithelia; however, their molecular identity in sweat glands remained elusive. Here, we investigated the function of TMEM16A in sweat glands. Gene expression analysis revealed that TMEM16A is expressed in human NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells as well as in isolated human eccrine sweat gland biopsy samples. Sweat gland cells express several previously described TMEM16A splice variants, as well as one novel splice variant, TMEM16A(acΔe3) lacking the TMEM16A-dimerization domain. Chloride flux assays using halide-sensitive YFP revealed that TMEM16A is functionally involved in Ca(2+) -dependent Cl(-) secretion in NCL-SG3 cells. Recombinant expression in NCL-SG3 cells showed that TMEM16A(acΔe3) is forming a functional CaCC, with basal and Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) permeability distinct from canonical TMEM16A(ac). Our results suggest that various TMEM16A isoforms contribute to sweat gland-specific Cl(-) secretion providing opportunities to develop sweat gland-specific therapeutics for treatment of sweating disorders.
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8
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Bovell DL, Riggs CM, Sidlow G, Troester S, MacLaren W, Yip W, Ko WH. Evidence of purinergic neurotransmission in isolated, intact horse sweat glands. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:398-403, e85-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L. Bovell
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Cowcaddens Road; Glasgow; G4 0BA; UK
| | - Christopher M. Riggs
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Hong Kong Jockey Club; Shatin; New Territories; Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Gordon Sidlow
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Hong Kong Jockey Club; Shatin; New Territories; Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Suzanne Troester
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Hong Kong Jockey Club; Shatin; New Territories; Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - William MacLaren
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Cowcaddens Road; Glasgow; G4 0BA; UK
| | - Wallace Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin; New Territories; Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Wing H. Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin; New Territories; Hong Kong SAR; China
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9
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Lindsay S, Holmes S, Corbett A, Harker M, Bovell D. Innervation and receptor profiles of the human apocrine (epitrichial) sweat gland: routes for intervention in bromhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:653-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Bovell DL, Santic R, Kofler B, Hermann A, Wilson D, Corbett A, Lang R. Activation of chloride secretion via proteinase-activated receptor 2 in a human eccrine sweat gland cell line – NCL-SG3. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:505-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Muchekehu RW, Harvey BJ. 17beta-estradiol rapidly mobilizes intracellular calcium from ryanodine-receptor-gated stores via a PKC-PKA-Erk-dependent pathway in the human eccrine sweat gland cell line NCL-SG3. Cell Calcium 2008; 44:276-88. [PMID: 18215419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel rapid non-genomic effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signalling in the eccrine sweat gland epithelial cell line NCL-SG3. E2 had no observable effect on basal [Ca2+]i, however exposure of cells to E2 in the presence of the microsomal Ca2+ ATPase pump inhibitor, thapsigargin, produced a secondary, sustained increase in [Ca2+]i compared to thapsigargin treatment alone, where cells responded with a transient single spike-like increase in [Ca2+]i. The E2-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium and was completely abolished by ryanodine (100 microM). The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (1 microM) prevented the E2-induced effects suggesting a role for the estrogen receptor in the release of [Ca2+]i from ryanodine-receptor-gated stores. The E2-induced effect on [Ca2+]i could also be prevented by the protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta)-specific inhibitor rottlerin (10 microM), the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (200 microM) and the MEK inhibitor PD98059 (10 microM). We established E2 rapidly activates the novel PKC isoform PKCepsilon, PKA and Erk 1/2 MAPK in a PKCdelta and estrogen-receptor-dependent manner. The E2-induced effect was specific to 17beta-estradiol, as other steroids had no effect on [Ca2+]i. We have demonstrated a novel mechanism by which E2 rapidly modulates [Ca2+]i release from ryanodine-receptor-gated intracellular Ca2+ stores. The signal transduction pathway involves the estrogen receptor coupled to a PKC-PKA-Erk 1/2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth W Muchekehu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Smurfit Building, Beaumont Hospital, P.O. Box 9063, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Servetnyk Z, Roomans GM. Chloride transport in NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells: Channels involved. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:47-53. [PMID: 17383636 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess whether NCL-SG3, the only immortalized sweat gland cell line available, can be used as an in vitro model to study chloride ion transport in cultured sweat gland cells. Cl(-) efflux was measured using the MQAE dye fluorescence technique after stimulating the cells with different agonists. A significant stimulation of chloride efflux was achieved with the calcium ionophore A23187 resulting in an efflux rate of 0.9 mM/s. Both ATP and UTP activated chloride efflux in these cells, with the ATP response being larger. IBMX and forskolin stimulation did not induce a rate of chloride efflux above the basal level. Immunocytochemistry showed no detectable CFTR in NCL-SG3 cells. This finding was confirmed with flow cytometry analysis. Niflumic acid (20 and 100 microM NFA) and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (H2DIDS) (100 ìM) decreased the rate of ATP-stimulated chloride efflux significantly (0.40 and 0.31 mM/s with NFA, 0.37 mM/s with H2DIDS). Gadolinium (20 ìM) had no effect on the chloride transport rate. In conclusion, the NCL-SG3 cells retain some of the aspects of human sweat gland epithelium, such as the ability to form cell-cell contacts. The CFTR protein is neither functional nor expressed in cultured NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells. Ca(2+)-activated chloride conductance is confirmed and the putative Ca(2+)-activated chloride channel (CaCC) is further characterized in term of its pharmacological sensitivity. The NCL-SG3 sweat gland cell line can be used to investigate the characteristics of the CaCC and to identify the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Servetnyk
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Abstract
Sweating has a variety of functions in mammals including pheromone action, excretion of waste products and maintenance of the skin surface ecosystem. In a small number of mammalian species, which includes humans and the Equidae, it also has an important role in thermoregulation. This review is focused specifically on the thermoregulatory role of sweat in Equidae and the causes of sweating failure (anhidrosis). The first part describes the glandular appearance, sweat composition, and output rates; and considers the latest theories on the glandular control and secretory mechanisms. It is concluded that the glands are not directly innervated but are controlled by the interplay of neural, humoral and paracrine factors. The secretory mechanism is not as simple as previously thought and is mediated by the dynamic interaction of activating pathways, including autocrine control not only of the secretory process but probably also of secretory cell reproduction, growth, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McEwan Jenkinson
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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14
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Clarson LH, Roberts VHJ, Greenwood SL, Elliott AC. ATP-stimulated Ca(2+)-activated K(+) efflux pathway and differentiation of human placental cytotrophoblast cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 282:R1077-85. [PMID: 11893612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00564.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether extracellular ATP ([ATP](o)) stimulated a Ca(2+)-activated K(+) efflux in trophoblast cells that was dependent on extracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](o)). Cytotrophoblast cells, isolated from human placenta, were examined following 18 h (relatively undifferentiated) and 66 h (multinucleate cells) of culture. Potassium efflux was measured using (86)Rb as a trace marker. Intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was examined by microfluorometry using fura 2. [ATP](o) significantly increased (86)Rb efflux to a peak that declined to control (18-h cells) or an elevated plateau (66-h cells) and was inhibited by 100 nM charybdotoxin. Removing [Ca(2+)](o) significantly reduced (86)Rb efflux in both groups as did application of 150 microM GdCl(3). [ATP](o) significantly increased [Ca(2+)](i) in both groups of cells. The response was reduced by removing [Ca(2+)](o) and applying 150 microM GdCl(3). For both (86)Rb efflux and microfluorometry experiments, the response to [ATP](o) was more dependent on [Ca(2+)](o) in 66-h cells compared with 18-h cells (approximately 70% greater). Cytotrophoblast cells exhibit an [ATP](o)-stimulated Ca(2+)-activated K(+) efflux. The dependency of this pathway on [Ca(2+)](o) is greater in the 66-h multinucleate syncytiotrophoblast-like cells, suggesting that the mechanism for Ca(2+) entry may be altered during differentiation of trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Clarson
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 0JH, United Kingdom.
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Bovell DL, Clunes MT, Elder HY, Wong CH, Ko WH. Nucleotide-evoked ion transport and [Ca(2+)](i) changes in normal and hyperhidrotic human sweat gland cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 403:45-8. [PMID: 10969142 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apical and basolateral application of ATP and UTP evoked [Ca(2+)](i) and short circuit current (Isc) increases in normal and hyperhidrotic human eccrine sweat gland cells grown into functionally polarised epithelia on permeable supports. Basolateral application to hyperhidrotic cells exhibited a markedly greater increase in Isc than in normal cells. Hyperhidrotic cells also demonstrated differences from the normal in [Ca(2+)](i) and Isc responses to ATP when pre-treated with thapsigargin. The data demonstrate the presence of apical and basolateral receptors that allow nucleotides to increase [Ca(2+)](i) and Isc. The results suggest that changes from the normal in transepithelial ion transport contribute to the characteristic excessive fluid production of hyperhidrotic sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Bovell
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA, Glasgow, UK.
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Hongpaisan J, Roomans GM. Effects of UTP on Na+, Cl- and K+ transport in primary cultures from human sweat gland coils. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1999; 165:241-50. [PMID: 10192172 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and UTP can increase membrane permeability in the sweat gland, but the intracellular signalling regulating the response to these agonists is poorly understood. Stimulation of Cl- transport by nucleotides has been suggested as a pharmacological therapy to improve Cl- secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis. In the present study, regulation of Na+, Cl- and K+ transport in primary cultures of cells from the secretory coil of human sweat glands was investigated by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Stimulation with 200 microM UTP for 2 min at room temperature caused a significant increase in intracellular Na but did not affect Cl and K. After 5 min, the Na concentration was still increased, but now also a significant decrease in Cl and K was observed, indicating an increase in Cl- and K+ permeability. The effect of UTP on Cl- secretion was enhanced in Mg2+-deficient buffer, indicating that the response is elicited by the extracellular fully ionized form of UTP (UTP4+), but not by MgUTP2+. The effects of UTP were abolished in Ca2+-deficient buffer supplemented with EGTA. Alloxan, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, did not inhibit the response to UTP. These results indicate that the membrane Cl- and K+ permeability elicited by UTP in primary coil cell cultures is Ca2+-dependent. The response to UTP did not attenuate at 8 degrees C, suggesting that it could be activated, in part, via ligand-gated ion channels. The effect of UTP was not decreased in the presence of ouabain. Pre-treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (24 h) had minor effects on Cl- secretion activated by UTP, indicating a role for G proteins in the UTP activation of Cl- secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hongpaisan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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Ring A, Mörk AC. Electrophysiological responses to oxytocin and ATP in monolayers of a human sweat gland cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 234:30-4. [PMID: 9168954 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.9995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It was shown that oxytocin (OT) elicits electrophysiological responses in cultured monolayers of NCL-SG3, a human immortalized sweat gland cell line. The response to OT was greater for basal applications. It was also found that monolayers respond to ATP with a transient transepithelial-potential change, with a more pronounced response to apical than to basal applications. The IC50 for the response to OT was 180 nM at room temperature. The response to OT was not due to effects of OT on vasopressin (AVP) receptors as evidenced by three tests: (a) The response was completely blocked by the selective OT-receptor antagonist [Mpa1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Thr4,Orn8]-OT (CAP) applied at equal concentrations (100-1000 nM) to that of OT. (b) The response to OT was similar to that of ionomycin (2 microM) or ATP (150 microM). In contrast, the response to AVP (500 nM) or cAMP (2 mM) were smaller and of a different time course. (c) OT increased but AVP had no effect on the intracellular free calcium. It is suggested that OT may have a role in the regulation of salt balance in sweating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ring
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biophysics, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wilson SM, Ko WH, Pediani JD, Rakhit S, Nichol JA, Bovell DL. Calcium-dependent regulation of membrane ion permeability in a cell line derived from the equine sweat gland epithelium. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART A, PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 111:215-21. [PMID: 7788349 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(95)00011-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We measured the rates of 125I- and 86Rb+ efflux from preloaded, cultured equine sweat gland cells. The calcium ionophore ionomycin increased the efflux of both isotopes. Anion efflux was unaffected by Ba2+, but this cation inhibited 86Rb(+)-efflux, suggesting that [Ca2+]i-activated potassium channels were present. Activation of these channels was not, however, important for the efflux of anions. We measured 125I- efflux from valinomycin-depolarised cells in which anion cotransport was inhibited. Changes in 125I- efflux reflect changes in anion permeability under these conditions, and ionomycin caused a clear permeability increase that was abolished by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate. ATP and UTP increased the efflux of both isotopes, suggesting that type P2U purine receptors allow these nucleotides to regulate membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wilson
- Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow, U.K
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