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Yamasaki L, Kamada T, Ng CFS, Takane Y, Nakajima K, Yamaguchi K, Oka K, Honda Y, Kim Y, Hashizume M. Heat-related mortality and ambulance transport after a power outage in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e292. [PMID: 38617431 PMCID: PMC11008645 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Air conditioners can prevent heat-related illness and mortality, but the increased use of air conditioners may enhance susceptibility to heat-related illnesses during large-scale power failures. Here, we examined the risks of heat-related illness ambulance transport (HIAT) and mortality associated with typhoon-related electricity reduction (ER) in the summer months in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Methods We conducted event study analyses to compare temperature-HIAT and mortality associations before and after the power outage (July to September 2019). To better understand the role of temperature during the power outage, we then examined whether the temperature-HIAT and mortality associations were modified by different power outage levels (0%, 10%, and 20% ER). We computed the ratios of relative risks to compare the risks associated with various ER values to the risks associated without ER. Results We analyzed the data of 14,912 HIAT cases and 74,064 deaths. Overall, 93,200 power outage cases were observed when the typhoon hit. Event study results showed that the incidence rate ratio was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 2.84) with effects enduring up to 6 days, and 1.11 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.22) for mortality on the first 3 days after the typhoon hit. Comparing 20% to 0% ER, the ratios of relative risks of heat exposure were 2.32 (95% CI = 1.41, 3.82) for HIAT and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.75, 1.22) for mortality. Conclusions A 20% ER was associated with a two-fold greater risk of HIAT because of summer heat during the power outage, but there was little evidence for the association with all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yamasaki
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kamada
- Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Takane
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ko Nakajima
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- TEPCO Research Institute, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Takahashi A, Honda Y, Tanaka N, Miyake J, Maeda S, Kataoka H, Sakamoto J, Okita M. Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation Prevents Progression of Disuse Muscle Atrophy via Forkhead Box O Dynamics Mediated by Phosphorylated Protein Kinase B and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Coactivator-1alpha. Physiol Res 2024; 73:105-115. [PMID: 38466009 PMCID: PMC11019614 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) of skeletal muscle effectively prevents muscle atrophy, its effect on the breakdown of muscle component proteins is unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological mechanisms by which EMS-induced muscle contraction inhibits disuse muscle atrophy progression. Experimental animals were divided into a control group and three experimental groups: immobilized (Im; immobilization treatment), low-frequency (LF; immobilization treatment and low-frequency muscle contraction exercise), and high-frequency (HF; immobilization treatment and high-frequency muscle contraction exercise). Following the experimental period, bilateral soleus muscles were collected and analyzed. Atrogin-1 and Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher for the experimental groups than for the control group but were significantly lower for the HF group than for the Im group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA and protein expression levels in the HF group were significantly higher than those in the Im group, with no significant differences compared to the Con group. Both the Forkhead box O (FoxO)/phosphorylated FoxO and protein kinase B (AKT)/phosphorylated AKT ratios were significantly lower for the Im group than for the control group and significantly higher for the HF group than for the Im group. These results, the suppression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression for the HF group may be due to decreased nuclear expression of FoxO by AKT phosphorylation and suppression of FoxO transcriptional activity by PGC-1alpha. Furthermore, the number of muscle contractions might be important for effective EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (Health Sciences), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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3
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Kurokawa S, Kobori T, Yoneda M, Ogawa Y, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Hotta K. Identification of differentially methylated regions associated with both liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38302914 PMCID: PMC10832174 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have previously reported that differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are correlated with the fibrosis stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this study, the methylation levels of those DMRs in liver fibrosis and subsequent HCC were examined. METHODS The methylation levels of DMRs were investigated using alcoholic cirrhosis and HCC (GSE60753). The data of hepatitis C virus-infected cirrhosis and HCC (GSE60753), and two datasets (GSE56588 and GSE89852) were used for replication analyses. The transcriptional analyses were performed using GSE114564, GSE94660, and GSE142530. RESULTS Hypomethylated DMR and increased transcriptional level of zinc finger and BTB domain containing 38 (ZBTB38) were observed in HCC. Hypermethylated DMRs, and increased transcriptional levels of forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) and zinc finger CCCH-type containing 3 (ZC3H3) were observed in HCC. The methylation levels of DMR of kazrin, periplakin interacting protein (KAZN) and its expression levels were gradually decreased as cirrhosis progressed to HCC. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the methylation and transcriptional levels of ZBTB38, ZC3H3, FOXK1, and KAZN are important for the development of fibrosis and HCC; and are therefore potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Kurokawa
- Laboratoy of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratoy of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajyuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, 245-8675, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852, Hatakeda, Narita, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, 255 Furusawatsuko, Asao, Kawasaki, 2150-0026, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kikuko Hotta
- Laboratoy of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan.
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Madaniyazi L, Armstrong B, Tobias A, Mistry MN, Bell ML, Urban A, Kyselý J, Ryti N, Cvijanovic I, Ng CFS, Roye D, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Tong S, Lavigne E, Íñiguez C, da Silva SDNP, Madureira J, Jaakkola JJK, Sera F, Honda Y, Gasparrini A, Hashizume M. Seasonality of mortality under climate change: a multicountry projection study. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e86-e94. [PMID: 38331534 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change can directly impact temperature-related excess deaths and might subsequently change the seasonal variation in mortality. In this study, we aimed to provide a systematic and comprehensive assessment of potential future changes in the seasonal variation, or seasonality, of mortality across different climate zones. METHODS In this modelling study, we collected daily time series of mean temperature and mortality (all causes or non-external causes only) via the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative (MCC) Research Network. These data were collected during overlapping periods, spanning from Jan 1, 1969 to Dec 31, 2020. We projected daily mortality from Jan 1, 2000 to Dec 31, 2099, under four climate change scenarios corresponding to increasing emissions (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways [SSP] scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). We compared the seasonality in projected mortality between decades by its shape, timings (the day-of-year) of minimum (trough) and maximum (peak) mortality, and sizes (peak-to-trough ratio and attributable fraction). Attributable fraction was used to measure the burden of seasonality of mortality. The results were summarised by climate zones. FINDINGS The MCC dataset included 126 809 537 deaths from 707 locations within 43 countries or areas. After excluding the only two polar locations (both high-altitude locations in Peru) from climatic zone assessments, we analysed 126 766 164 deaths in 705 locations aggregated in four climate zones (tropical, arid, temperate, and continental). From the 2000s to the 2090s, our projections showed an increase in mortality during the warm seasons and a decrease in mortality during the cold seasons, albeit with mortality remaining high during the cold seasons, under all four SSP scenarios in the arid, temperate, and continental zones. The magnitude of this changing pattern was more pronounced under the high-emission scenarios (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), substantially altering the shape of seasonality of mortality and, under the highest emission scenario (SSP5-8.5), shifting the mortality peak from cold seasons to warm seasons in arid, temperate, and continental zones, and increasing the size of seasonality in all zones except the arid zone by the end of the century. In the 2090s compared with the 2000s, the change in peak-to-trough ratio (relative scale) ranged from 0·96 to 1·11, and the change in attributable fraction ranged from 0·002% to 0·06% under the SSP5-8.5 (highest emission) scenario. INTERPRETATION A warming climate can substantially change the seasonality of mortality in the future. Our projections suggest that health-care systems should consider preparing for a potentially increased demand during warm seasons and sustained high demand during cold seasons, particularly in regions characterised by arid, temperate, and continental climates. FUNDING The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, provided by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Malcolm N Mistry
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dominic Roye
- Climate Research Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Joana Madureira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tohyama C, Honda Y. Challenges in health risk assessment of multiple chemical exposures in epidemiological studies. Environ Health Prev Med 2024; 29:6. [PMID: 38325855 PMCID: PMC10898861 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Tohyama
- The University of Tokyo
- Health, Environment, Science, and Technology International Consulting
| | - Yasushi Honda
- The National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Univeristy of Tsukuba
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Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Nogami A, Kawamura N, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Yoneda M, Saito S, Nakajima A. Prediction of outcomes in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease based on initial measurements and subsequent changes in magnetic resonance elastography. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:56-65. [PMID: 37845417 PMCID: PMC10764489 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly associated with liver fibrosis. We aimed to investigate whether liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and changes in LSM (ΔLSM) on magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can predict clinical events in patients with MASLD. METHODS We included 405 patients with MASLD who underwent at least two MREs. The patients were divided into five groups corresponding to fibrosis stages (0-4) based on initial LSM and classified as progressors (ΔLSM ≥ 19%) or non-progressors (ΔLSM < 19%) based on the difference between the first and last LSM. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 72.6 months, and the mean interval between MREs was 23.5 months. There were 52 (12.8%) progressors and 353 (87.2%) non-progressors. The initial LSM was significantly associated with the cumulative probabilities of decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver-related events, extrahepatic malignancies, and overall mortality but not with cardiovascular disease. Progressors had significantly higher hazard ratios (HRs) for decompensated cirrhosis, HCC, and liver-related events but not for extrahepatic malignancies, cardiovascular disease, or overall mortality. Among patients without cirrhosis, the HR for developing cirrhosis among progressors was 60.15. Progressors had a significantly higher risk of liver-related events, even in the low initial LSM (fibrosis stage 0-2) subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Both initial LSM and ΔLSM can predict liver-related events in patients with MASLD, even for low initial LSM. This integrated assessment can allow more detailed risk stratification compared with single LSM assessments and identify high-risk patients with MASLD among those previously considered as low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Gastroenterology Division, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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Min J, Kang DH, Kang C, Bell ML, Kim H, Yang J, Gasparrini A, Lavigne E, Hashizume M, Kim Y, Fook Sheng Ng C, Honda Y, das Neves Pereira da Silva S, Madureira J, Leon Guo Y, Pan SC, Armstrong B, Sera F, Masselot P, Schwartz J, Maria Vicedo-Cabrera A, Pyo Lee J, Al-Aly Z, Won Lee J, Kwag Y, Ha E, Lee W. Fluctuating risk of acute kidney injury-related mortality for four weeks after exposure to air pollution: A multi-country time-series study in 6 countries. Environ Int 2024; 183:108367. [PMID: 38061245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that air pollution is related to kidney diseases. However, the global evidence on the risk of death from acute kidney injury (AKI) owing to air pollution is limited. Therefore, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to air pollution-particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-and AKI-related mortality using a multi-country dataset. METHODS This study included 41,379 AKI-related deaths in 136 locations in six countries during 1987-2018. A novel case time-series design was applied to each air pollutant during 0-28 lag days to estimate the association between air pollution and AKI-related deaths. Moreover, we calculated AKI deaths attributable to non-compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. RESULTS The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of AKI-related deaths are 1.052 (1.003, 1.103), 1.022 (0.994, 1.050), and 1.022 (0.982, 1.063) for 5, 10, and 10 µg/m3 increase in lag 0-28 days of PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2, respectively. The lag-distributed association showed that the risk appeared immediately on the day of exposure to air pollution, gradually decreased, and then increased again reaching the peak approximately 20 days after exposure to PM2.5 and O3. We also found that 1.9%, 6.3%, and 5.2% of AKI deaths were attributed to PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2 concentrations above the WHO guidelines. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that public health policies to reduce air pollution may alleviate the burden of death from AKI and suggests the need to investigate the several pathways between air pollution and AKI death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Min
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cinoo Kang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyad Al-Aly
- Research and Development Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngrin Kwag
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, College of Information and Biomedical Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Yuan L, Madaniyazi L, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Honda Y, Ng CFS, Ueda K, Oka K, Tobias A, Hashizume M. A Nationwide Comparative Analysis of Temperature-Related Mortality and Morbidity in Japan. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:127008. [PMID: 38060264 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of temperature on morbidity remains largely unknown. Moreover, extensive evidence indicates contrasting patterns between temperature-mortality and temperature-morbidity associations. A nationwide comparison of the impact of temperature on mortality and morbidity in more specific subgroups is necessary to strengthen understanding and help explore underlying mechanisms by identifying susceptible populations. OBJECTIVE We performed this study to quantify and compare the impact of temperature on mortality and morbidity in 47 prefectures in Japan. METHODS We applied a two-stage time-series design with distributed lag nonlinear models and mixed-effect multivariate meta-analysis to assess the association of temperature with mortality and morbidity by causes (all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory) at prefecture and country levels between 2015 and 2019. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex, age, and regions. RESULTS The patterns and magnitudes of temperature impacts on morbidity and mortality differed. For all-cause outcomes, cold exhibited larger effects on mortality, and heat showed larger effects on morbidity. At specific temperature percentiles, cold (first percentile) was associated with a higher relative risk (RR) of mortality [1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 1.52] than morbidity (1.33; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.40), as compared to the minimum mortality/morbidity temperature. Heat (99th percentile) was associated with a higher risk of morbidity (1.30; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.33) than mortality (1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06). For cause-specific diseases, mortality due to circulatory diseases was more susceptible to heat and cold than morbidity. However, for respiratory diseases, both cold and heat showed higher risks for morbidity than mortality. Subgroup analyses suggested varied associations depending on specific outcomes. DISCUSSION Distinct patterns were observed for the association of temperature with mortality and morbidity, underlying different mechanisms of temperature on different end points, and the differences in population susceptibility are possible explanations. Future mitigation policies and preventive measures against nonoptimal temperatures should be specific to disease outcomes and targeted at susceptible populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasushi Honda
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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9
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Itoh M, Tamura A, Kanai S, Tanaka M, Kanamori Y, Shirakawa I, Ito A, Oka Y, Hidaka I, Takami T, Honda Y, Maeda M, Saito Y, Murata Y, Matozaki T, Nakajima A, Kataoka Y, Ogi T, Ogawa Y, Suganami T. Lysosomal cholesterol overload in macrophages promotes liver fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220681. [PMID: 37725372 PMCID: PMC10506914 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipotoxic lipids, such as free cholesterol, induces hepatocyte death and subsequent inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously reported that hepatocyte death locally induces phenotypic changes in the macrophages surrounding the corpse and remnant lipids, thereby promoting liver fibrosis in a murine model of NASH. Here, we demonstrated that lysosomal cholesterol overload triggers lysosomal dysfunction and profibrotic activation of macrophages during the development of NASH. β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxane (βCD-PRX), a unique supramolecule, is designed to elicit free cholesterol from lysosomes. Treatment with βCD-PRX ameliorated cholesterol accumulation and profibrotic activation of macrophages surrounding dead hepatocytes with cholesterol crystals, thereby suppressing liver fibrosis in a NASH model, without affecting the hepatic cholesterol levels. In vitro experiments revealed that cholesterol-induced lysosomal stress triggered profibrotic activation in macrophages predisposed to the steatotic microenvironment. This study provides evidence that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism in macrophages would be a novel mechanism of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Bioelectronics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kanai
- Department of Bioelectronics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Kanamori
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ibuki Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Oka
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoji Murata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Biosignal Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
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10
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Iwaki M, Kessoku T, Tanaka K, Ozaki A, Kasai Y, Kobayashi T, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Usuda H, Wada K, Kobayashi N, Saito S, Nakajima A, Yoneda M. Combined, elobixibat, and colestyramine reduced cholesterol toxicity in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0285. [PMID: 37902528 PMCID: PMC10617934 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol levels and bile acid metabolism are important drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) progression. Using a mouse model, we investigated the mechanism by which cholesterol exacerbates MASH and the effect of colestyramine (a bile acid adsorption resin) and elobixibat (an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor) concomitant administration on bile acid adsorption and MASH status. METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet with varying concentrations of cholesterol to determine changes in fatty liver according to liver status, water intake, defecation status, insulin resistance, bile acid levels, intestinal permeability, atherosclerosis (in apolipoprotein E knockout mice), and carcinogenesis (in diethylnitrosamine mice). Using small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), we evaluated the effect of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) knockdown on triglyceride synthesis and fatty liver status following the administration of elobixibat (group E), colestyramine (group C), or both (group EC). RESULTS We found greater reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase levels, serum lipid parameters, serum primary bile acid concentrations, hepatic lipid levels, and fibrosis area in EC group than in the monotherapy groups. Increased intestinal permeability and watery diarrhea caused by elobixibat were completely ameliorated in group EC. Group EC showed reduced plaque formation rates in the entire aorta and aortic valve of the atherosclerosis model, and reduced tumor counts and tumor burden in the carcinogenesis model. CONCLUSIONS Excessive free cholesterol in the liver can promote fatty liver disease. Herein, combination therapy with EC effectively reduced free cholesterol levels in MASH model mice. Our study provides strong evidence for combination therapy as an effective treatment for MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Palliative Medicine, International University Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asakura Hospital, Konan-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinyurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Haruki Usuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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11
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Kim Y, Oka K, Kawazu EC, Ng CFS, Seposo X, Ueda K, Hashizume M, Honda Y. Enhancing health resilience in Japan in a changing climate. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 40:100970. [PMID: 38116496 PMCID: PMC10730320 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses significant threats to human health, propelling Japan to take decisive action through the Climate Change Adaptation Act of 2018. This Act has led to the implementation of climate change adaptation policies across various sectors, including healthcare. In this review, we synthesized existing scientific evidence on the impacts of climate change on health in Japan and outlined the adaptation strategies and measures implemented by the central and local governments. The country has prioritized tackling heat-related illness and mortality and undertaken various adaptation measures to mitigate these risks. However, it faces unique challenges due to its super-aged society. Ensuring effective and coordinated strategies to address the growing uncertainties in vulnerability to climate change and the complex intersectoral impacts of disasters remains a critical issue. To combat the additional health risks by climate change, a comprehensive approach embracing adaptation and mitigation policies in the health sector is crucial. Encouraging intersectoral communication and collaboration will be vital for developing coherent and effective strategies to safeguard public health in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | | | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
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12
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Chua PLC, Takane Y, Ng CFS, Oka K, Honda Y, Kim Y, Hashizume M. Net impact of air conditioning on heat-related mortality in Japanese cities. Environ Int 2023; 181:108310. [PMID: 37951014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air conditioning (AC) presents a viable means of tackling the ill-effects of heat on human health. However, AC releases additional anthropogenic heat outdoors, and this could be detrimental to human health, especially in urban communities. This study determined the excess heat-related mortality attributable to anthropogenic heat from AC use under various projected global warming scenarios in seven Japanese cities. The overall protection from AC use was also measured. METHODS Daily average 2-meter temperatures in the hottest month of August from 2000 to 2010 were modeled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with BEP+BEM (building effect parameterization and building energy model). Risk functions for heat-mortality associations were generated with and without AC use from a two-stage time series analysis. We coupled simulated August temperatures and heat-mortality risk functions to estimate averted deaths and unavoidable deaths from AC use. RESULTS Anthropogenic heat from AC use slightly augmented the daily urban temperatures by 0.046 °C in Augusts of 2000-2010 and up to 0.181 °C in a future with 3 °C urban warming. This temperature rise was attributable to 3.1-3.5 % of heat-related deaths in Augusts of 2000-2010 under various urban warming scenarios. About 36-47 % of heat-related deaths could be averted by air conditioning use under various urban warming scenarios. DISCUSSION AC has a valuable protective effect from heat despite some unavoidable mortality from anthropogenic heat release. Overall, the use of AC as a major adaptive strategy requires careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L C Chua
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Takane
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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13
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Liu C, Chen R, Sera F, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Guo Y, Tong S, Lavigne E, Correa PM, Ortega NV, Achilleos S, Roye D, Jaakkola JJ, Ryti N, Pascal M, Schneider A, Breitner S, Entezari A, Mayvaneh F, Raz R, Honda Y, Hashizume M, Ng CFS, Gaio V, Madureira J, Holobaca IH, Tobias A, Íñiguez C, Guo YL, Pan SC, Masselot P, Bell ML, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Gasparrini A, Kan H. Interactive effects of ambient fine particulate matter and ozone on daily mortality in 372 cities: two stage time series analysis. BMJ 2023; 383:e075203. [PMID: 37793695 PMCID: PMC10548261 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-075203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate potential interactive effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on daily mortality at global level. DESIGN Two stage time series analysis. SETTING 372 cities across 19 countries and regions. POPULATION Daily counts of deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Daily mortality data during 1994-2020. Stratified analyses by co-pollutant exposures and synergy index (>1 denotes the combined effect of pollutants is greater than individual effects) were applied to explore the interaction between PM2.5 and O3 in association with mortality. RESULTS During the study period across the 372 cities, 19.3 million deaths were attributable to all causes, 5.3 million to cardiovascular disease, and 1.9 million to respiratory disease. The risk of total mortality for a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 (lag 0-1 days) ranged from 0.47% (95% confidence interval 0.26% to 0.67%) to 1.25% (1.02% to 1.48%) from the lowest to highest fourths of O3 concentration; and for a 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 ranged from 0.04% (-0.09% to 0.16%) to 0.29% (0.18% to 0.39%) from the lowest to highest fourths of PM2.5 concentration, with significant differences between strata (P for interaction <0.001). A significant synergistic interaction was also identified between PM2.5 and O3 for total mortality, with a synergy index of 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 3.34). Subgroup analyses showed that interactions between PM2.5 and O3 on all three mortality endpoints were more prominent in high latitude regions and during cold seasons. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest a synergistic effect of PM2.5 and O3 on total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, indicating the benefit of coordinated control strategies for both pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health and Institute of Environment and Human Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Souzana Achilleos
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dominic Roye
- Climate Research Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jouni Jk Jaakkola
- Centre for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Centre for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mathilde Pascal
- Santé Publique France, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE-Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alireza Entezari
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mayvaneh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Raanan Raz
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Vânia Gaio
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Aurelio Tobias
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Centre for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
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14
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Tsukada K, Abe Y, Enokizono A, Goke T, Hara M, Honda Y, Hori T, Ichikawa S, Ito Y, Kurita K, Legris C, Maehara Y, Ohnishi T, Ogawara R, Suda T, Tamae T, Wakasugi M, Watanabe M, Wauke H. First Observation of Electron Scattering from Online-Produced Radioactive Target. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:092502. [PMID: 37721815 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We successfully performed electron scattering off unstable nuclei which were produced online from the photofission of uranium. The target ^{137}Cs ions were trapped with a new target-forming technique that makes a high-density stationary target from a small number of ions by confining them in an electron storage ring. After developments of target generation and transportation systems and the beam stacking method to increase the ion beam intensity up to approximately 2×10^{7} ions per pulse beam, an average luminosity of 0.9×10^{26} cm^{-2} s^{-1} was achieved for ^{137}Cs. The obtained angular distribution of elastically scattered electrons is consistent with a calculation. This success marks the realization of the anticipated femtoscope which clarifies the structures of exotic and short-lived unstable nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsukada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Enokizono
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Goke
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - M Hara
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Honda
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - T Hori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ichikawa
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Ito
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - K Kurita
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C Legris
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - Y Maehara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - T Ohnishi
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Ogawara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Suda
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - T Tamae
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - M Wakasugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Wauke
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
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15
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Imajo K, Saigusa Y, Kobayashi T, Nagai K, Nishida S, Kawamura N, Doi H, Iwaki M, Nogami A, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Kirikoshi H, Yasuda S, Toyoda H, Hayashi H, Kokubu S, Utsunomiya D, Takahashi H, Aishima S, Kim BK, Tamaki N, Saito S, Yoneda M, Loomba R, Nakajima A. M-PAST score is better than MAST score for the diagnosis of active fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Res 2023; 53:844-856. [PMID: 37237426 PMCID: PMC10792544 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials enroll patients with active fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] activity score ≥ 4) and significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2); however, screening failure rates are high following biopsy. We developed new scores to identify active fibrotic NASH using FibroScan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We undertook prospective primary (n = 176), retrospective validation (n = 169), and University of California San Diego (UCSD; n = 234) studies of liver biopsy-proven NAFLD. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using FibroScan or magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), or proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were combined to develop a two-step strategy-FibroScan-based LSM followed by CAP with AST (F-CAST) and MRE-based LSM followed by PDFF with AST (M-PAST)-and compared with FibroScan-AST (FAST) and MRI-AST (MAST) for diagnosing active fibrotic NASH. Each model was categorized using rule-in and rule-out criteria. RESULTS Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of F-CAST (0.826) and M-PAST (0.832) were significantly higher than those of FAST (0.744, p = 0.004) and MAST (0.710, p < 0.001). Following the rule-in criteria, positive predictive values of F-CAST (81.8%) and M-PAST (81.8%) were higher than those of FAST (73.5%) and MAST (70.0%). Following the rule-out criteria, negative predictive values of F-CAST (90.5%) and M-PAST (90.9%) were higher than those of FAST (84.0%) and MAST (73.9%). In the validation and UCSD cohorts, AUROCs did not differ significantly between F-CAST and FAST, but M-PAST had a higher diagnostic performance than MAST. CONCLUSIONS The two-step strategy, especially M-PAST, showed reliability of rule-in/-out for active fibrotic NASH, with better predictive performance compared with MAST. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number, UMIN000012757).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kirikoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kokubu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Utsunomiya
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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16
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Lüthi S, Fairless C, Fischer EM, Scovronick N, Ben Armstrong, Coelho MDSZS, Guo YL, Guo Y, Honda Y, Huber V, Kyselý J, Lavigne E, Royé D, Ryti N, Silva S, Urban A, Gasparrini A, Bresch DN, Vicedo-Cabrera AM. Rapid increase in the risk of heat-related mortality. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4894. [PMID: 37620329 PMCID: PMC10449849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-related mortality has been identified as one of the key climate extremes posing a risk to human health. Current research focuses largely on how heat mortality increases with mean global temperature rise, but it is unclear how much climate change will increase the frequency and severity of extreme summer seasons with high impact on human health. In this probabilistic analysis, we combined empirical heat-mortality relationships for 748 locations from 47 countries with climate model large ensemble data to identify probable past and future highly impactful summer seasons. Across most locations, heat mortality counts of a 1-in-100 year season in the climate of 2000 would be expected once every ten to twenty years in the climate of 2020. These return periods are projected to further shorten under warming levels of 1.5 °C and 2 °C, where heat-mortality extremes of the past climate will eventually become commonplace if no adaptation occurs. Our findings highlight the urgent need for strong mitigation and adaptation to reduce impacts on human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lüthi
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Erich M Fischer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, NTU College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Veronika Huber
- IBE-Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dominic Royé
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susana Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change & Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David N Bresch
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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Okada A, Yamana H, Pan R, Yamaguchi S, Kumazawa R, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Honda Y, Nangaku M, Yamauchi T, Yasunaga H, Kadowaki T, Kim Y. Effect modification of the association between temperature variability and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease by comorbid diabetes mellitus: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 202:110771. [PMID: 37276982 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to temperature variability (TV), and cardiovascular hospitalization stratified by the presence of comorbid diabetes. METHODS We collected data on nationwide hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases and daily weather conditions during 2011-2018 in Japan. TV was calculated as the standard deviation of daily minimum and maximum temperatures within 0-7 lag days. We applied a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate the association between TV and cardiovascular hospitalization with and without comorbid diabetes, adjusting for temperature and relative humidity. Furthermore, specific cardiovascular disease causes, demographic characteristics, and seasons were used for stratification. RESULTS In 3,844,910 hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease, each 1 °C increase in TV was associated with a 0.44% (95% CI: 0.22%, 0.65%) increase in the risk of cardiovascular admission. We observed a 2.07% (95% CI: 1.16%, 2.99%) and 0.61% (95% CI: -0.02%, 1.23%) increase per 1 °C in risk of heart failure admission in individuals with and those without diabetes, respectively. The higher risk among individuals with diabetes was mostly consistent in the analyses stratified by age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and season. CONCLUSION Comorbid diabetes may increase susceptibility to TV in relation to acute cardiovascular disease hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamana
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kumazawa
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Oka K, Honda Y, Phung VLH, Hijioka Y. Prediction of climate change impacts on heatstroke cases in Japan's 47 prefectures with the effect of long-term heat adaptation. Environ Res 2023:116390. [PMID: 37302741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the negative consequences of increased air temperatures due to global warming is the associated increase in heat-related mortality and morbidity. Studies that focused on future predictions of heat-related morbidity do not consider the effect of long-term heat adaptation measures, nor do they use evidence-based methods. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the future heatstroke cases for all 47 prefectures of Japan, by considering long-term heat adaptation by translating current geographical differences in heat adaptation to future temporal heat adaptation. Predictions were conducted for age groups of 7-17, 18-64, and ≥65 years. The prediction period was set to a base period (1981-2000), mid-21st century (2031-2050), and the end of the 21st century (2081-2100). We found that the average heatstroke incidence (number of patients with heatstroke transported by ambulance per population) in Japan under five representative climate models and three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios increased by 2.92- for 7-17 years, 3.66- for 18-64 years, and 3.26-fold for ≥65 years at the end of the 21st century without heat adaptation. The corresponding numbers were 1.57 for 7-17 years, 1.77 for 18-64 years, and 1.69 for ≥65 years with heat adaptation. Furthermore, the average number of patients with heatstroke transported by ambulance (NPHTA) under all climate models and GHG emissions scenarios increased by 1.02- for 7-17 years, 1.76- for 18-64 years, and 5.50-fold for ≥65 years at the end of 21st century without heat adaptation, where demographic changes were considered. The corresponding numbers were 0.55 for 7-17 years, 0.82 for 18-64 years, and 2.74 for ≥65 years with heat adaptation. The heatstroke incidence, as well as the NPHTA, substantially decreased when heat adaptation was considered. Our method could be applicable to other regions across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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19
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Kim SE, Kim Y, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Kazutaka O, Hijioka Y, Kim H. Positive Association of Aggression with Ambient Temperature. Yale J Biol Med 2023; 96:189-196. [PMID: 37396982 PMCID: PMC10303254 DOI: 10.59249/rxzx5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Relatively little attention has been paid to the potential effects of rising temperatures on changes in human behavior that lead to health and social consequences, including aggression. This study investigated the association between ambient temperature and aggression using assault death data from Seoul, South Korea (1991-2020). Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis based on conditional logistic regression to control for relevant covariates. The exposure-response curve was explored, and stratified analyses were conducted by season and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The overall risk of assault deaths significantly increased by 1.4% per 1°C increase in ambient temperature. A positive curvilinear relationship was observed between ambient temperature and assault deaths, which flattened out at 23.6°C during the warm season. Furthermore, risk increases were higher in males, teenagers, and those with the least education. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of understanding the impact of rising temperatures on aggression in the context of climate change and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of
Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National
Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oka Kazutaka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National
Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National
Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of
Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
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20
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He C, Chen R, Kim H, Hashizume M, Lee W, Honda Y, Kim SE, Guo YL, Schneider A, Ge W, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Kan H. Tropical cyclone and daily respiratory mortality across East Asia: a time series study. Eur Respir J 2023:13993003.00546-2023. [PMID: 37230500 PMCID: PMC10356962 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00546-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenzhen Ge
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
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21
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Pan R, Okada A, Yamana H, Yasunaga H, Kumazawa R, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Honda Y, Kim Y. Association between ambient temperature and cause-specific cardiovascular disease admissions in Japan: A nationwide study. Environ Res 2023; 225:115610. [PMID: 36871945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that non-optimal temperatures can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity; however, limited studies have reported inconsistent results for hospital admissions depending on study locations, which also lack national-level investigations on cause-specific CVDs. METHODS We performed a two-stage meta-regression analysis to examine the short-term associations between temperature and acute CVD hospital admissions by specific categories [i.e., ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke] in 47 prefectures of Japan from 2011 to 2018. First, we estimated the prefecture-specific associations using a time-stratified case-crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model. We then used a multivariate meta-regression model to obtain national average associations. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 4,611,984 CVD admissions were reported. We found cold temperatures significantly increased the risk of total CVD admissions and cause-specific categories. Compared with the minimum hospitalization temperature (MHT) at the 98th percentile of temperature (29.9 °C), the cumulative relative risks (RRs) for cold (5th percentile, 1.7 °C) and heat (99th percentile, 30.5 °C) on total CVD were 1.226 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.195, 1.258] and 1.000 (95% CI: 0.998, 1.002), respectively. The RR for cold on HF [RR = 1.571 (95% CI: 1.487, 1.660)] was higher than those of IHD [RR = 1.119 (95% CI: 1.040, 1.204)] and stroke [RR = 1.107 (95% CI: 1.062, 1.155)], comparing to their cause-specific MHTs. We also observed that extreme heat increased the risk of HF with RR of 1.030 (95% CI: 1.007, 1.054). Subgroup analysis showed that the age group ≥85 years was more vulnerable to these non-optimal temperature risks. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that cold and heat exposure could increase the risk of hospital admissions for CVD, varying depending on the cause-specific categories, which may provide new evidence to reduce the burden of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamana
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kumazawa
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Madaniyazi L, Tobías A, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Jaakkola JJK, Honda Y, Guo Y, Schwartz J, Zanobetti A, Bell ML, Armstrong B, Campbell MJ, Katsouyanni K, Haines A, Ebi KL, Gasparrini A, Hashizume M. Should We Adjust for Season in Time-Series Studies of the Short-Term Association Between Temperature and Mortality? Epidemiology 2023; 34:313-318. [PMID: 36715974 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Centre for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Klea Katsouyanni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Kim SE, Hashizume M, Armstrong B, Gasparrini A, Oka K, Hijioka Y, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Honda Y. Mortality Risk of Hot Nights: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Study in Japan. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:57005. [PMID: 37172196 PMCID: PMC10181675 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of heat are well documented; however, limited information is available regarding the health risks of hot nights. Hot nights have become more common, increasing at a faster rate than hot days, making it urgent to understand the characteristics of the hot night risk. OBJECTIVES We estimated the effects of hot nights on the cause- and location-specific mortality in a nationwide assessment over 43 y (1973-2015) using a unified analytical framework in the 47 prefectures of Japan. METHODS Hot nights were defined as days with a) minimum temperature ≥ 25 ° C (HN 25 ) and b) minimum temperature ≥ 95 th percentile (HN 95 th ) for the prefecture. We conducted a time-series analysis using a two-stage approach during the hot night occurrence season (April-November). For each prefecture, we estimated associations between hot nights and mortality controlling for potential confounders including daily mean temperature. We then used a random-effects meta-analytic model to estimate the pooled cumulative association. RESULTS Overall, 24,721,226 deaths were included in this study. Nationally, all-cause mortality increased by 9%-10% [HN 25 relative risk ( RR ) = 1.09 , 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.10; HN 95 th RR = 1.10 , 95% CI: 1.09, 1.11] during hot nights in comparison with nonhot nights. All 11 cause-specific mortalities were strongly associated with hot nights, and the corresponding associations appeared to be acute and lasted a few weeks, depending on the cause of death. The strength of the association between hot nights and mortality varied among prefectures. We found a higher mortality risk from hot nights in early summer in comparison with the late summer in all regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence of mortality impacts from hot nights in excess of that explicable by daily mean temperature and have implications useful for establishing public health policy and research efforts estimating the health effects of climate change. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11444.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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24
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Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Yoneda M. Involvement of Periodontal Disease in the Pathogenesis and Exacerbation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051269. [PMID: 36904268 PMCID: PMC10004797 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), along with global lifestyle changes, requires further in-depth research to elucidate the mechanisms and develop new treatment strategies. In addition, the number of patients with periodontal disease has increased recently, suggesting that periodontal disease is sometimes associated with systemic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent studies linking periodontal disease and NAFLD, the concept of the mouth-gut-liver axis, oral and intestinal microbiota, and liver disease. We suggest new research directions toward a detailed mechanistic understanding and novel targets for treatment and prevention. Forty years have passed since the concepts of NAFLD and NASH were first proposed. however, no effective prevention or treatment has been established. We also found that the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH is not limited to liver-related diseases but has been reported to be associated with various systemic diseases and an increasing number of causes of death. In addition, changes in the intestinal microbiota have been shown to be a risk factor for periodontal diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Gastroenterology Division, 3-60-2 Harajyuku, Yokohama 245-8575, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, 255 Tsuko, Furusawa, Kawasaki 215-0026, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-787-2640
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25
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Honda Y, Yoneda M, Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Kawamura N, Nogami A, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Tomeno W, Imajo K, Horita N, Saito S, Kaneko T, Nakajima A. Meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of serum type IV collagen 7S concentration for the staging of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2023; 53:219-227. [PMID: 36378589 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of serum type IV collagen 7S (T4C7S) concentration for the staging of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A systematic search or published works was carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for studies of the accuracy of serum T4C7S concentration for the staging of fibrosis using Fibrosis stage (F)0-4 in patients with NAFLD diagnosed by liver biopsy. RESULTS Nine articles describing 1475 participants with NAFLD were included. For fibrosis ≥F1, with n = 849, summary estimates of sensitivity of 0.79, specificity of 0.69, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 were obtained using a median T7C4S cut-off value of 4.6 ng/ml. For fibrosis ≥F2, with n = 1,090, summary estimates of sensitivity of 0.78, specificity of 0.78, and AUC of 0.84 were obtained using a median cut-off value of 4.9 ng/ml. For fibrosis ≥F3, with n = 1311 participants and a median cut-off value of 5.4 ng/ml, a pooled sensitivity of 0.82, specificity of 0.81, and AUC of 0.83 were obtained. For fibrosis ≥F4, with n = 753 and a median cut-off value of 6.6 ng/ml, a pooled sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.81, and AUC of 0.85 were obtained. CONCLUSIONS Serum T4C7S concentration was found to be an accurate method of staging liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Chemotherapy Center, Yokohama City University Hospital Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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26
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Nishikawa H, Seposo XT, Madaniyazi L, Kim Y, Tobías A, Yamagami M, Kim SE, Takami A, Sugata S, Honda Y, Ueda K, Hashizume M, Ng CFS. Long-term trends in mortality risk associated with short-term exposure to air pollution in 10 Japanese cities between 1977 and 2015. Environ Res 2023; 219:115108. [PMID: 36549488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Short-term associations between air pollution and mortality have been well reported in Japan, but the historical changes in mortality risk remain unknown. We examined temporal changes in the mortality risks associated with short-term exposure to four criteria air pollutants in selected Japanese cities. METHODS We collected daily mortality data for non-accidental causes (n = 5,748,206), cardiovascular (n = 1,938,743) and respiratory diseases (n = 777,266), and air pollutants (sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], suspended particulate matter [SPM], and oxidants [Ox]) in 10 cities from 1977 to 2015. We performed two-stage analysis with 5-year stratification to estimate the relative risk (RR) of mortality per 10-unit increase in the 2-day moving average of air pollutant concentrations. In the first stage, city-specific associations were assessed using a quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model. In the second stage, city-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Linear trend and ratio of relative risks (RRR) were computed to examine temporal changes. RESULTS When stratifying the analysis by every 5 years, average concentrations in each sub-period decreased for SO2, NO2, and SPM (14.2-2.3 ppb, 29.4-17.5 ppb, 52.1-20.6 μg/m3, respectively) but increased for Ox (29.1-39.1 ppb) over the study period. We found evidence of a negative linear trend in the risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with SPM across sub-periods. However, the risks of non-accidental and respiratory mortality per 10-unit increase in SPM concentration were significantly higher in the most recent period than in the earliest period. Other gaseous pollutants did not show such temporal risk change. The risks posed by these pollutants were slightly to moderately heterogeneous in the different cities. CONCLUSIONS The mortality risks associated with short-term exposure to SPM changed, with different trends by cause of death, in 10 cities over 39 years whereas the risks for other gaseous pollutants were relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nishikawa
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xerxes Tesoro Seposo
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Makiko Yamagami
- Nagoya City Institute for Environmental Sciences, 16-8, Toyoda 5-chome, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-0841, Japan
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akinori Takami
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugata
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine (Nekken), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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27
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Phung VLH, Oka K, Honda Y, Hijioka Y, Ueda K, Seposo XT, Sahani M, Wan Mahiyuddin WR, Kim Y. Daily temperature effects on under-five mortality in a tropical climate country and the role of local characteristics. Environ Res 2023; 218:114988. [PMID: 36463996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change and its subsequent effects on temperature have raised global public health concerns. Although numerous epidemiological studies have shown the adverse health effects of temperature, the association remains unclear for children aged below five years old and those in tropical climate regions. METHODS We conducted a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study to examine the association between temperature and under-five mortality, spanning the period from 2014 to 2018 across all six regions in Malaysia. In the first stage, we estimated region-specific temperature-mortality associations using a conditional Poisson regression and distributed lag nonlinear models. We used a multivariate meta-regression model to pool the region-specific estimates and examine the potential role of local characteristics in the association, which includes geographical information, demographics, socioeconomic status, long-term temperature metrics, and healthcare access by region. RESULTS Temperature in Malaysia ranged from 22 °C to 31 °C, with a mean of 27.6 °C. No clear seasonality was observed in under-five mortality. We found no strong evidence of the association between temperature and under-five mortality, with an "M-" shaped exposure-response curve. The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) was identified at 27.1 °C. Among several local characteristics, only education level and hospital bed rates reduced the residual heterogeneity in the association. However, effect modification by these variables were not significant. CONCLUSION This study suggests a null association between temperature and under-five mortality in Malaysia, which has a tropical climate. The "M-" shaped pattern suggests that under-fives may be vulnerable to temperature changes, even with a small temperature change in reference to the MMT. However, the weak risks with a large uncertainty at extreme temperatures remained inconclusive. Potential roles of education level and hospital bed rate were statistically inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xerxes Tesoro Seposo
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin
- Environmental Health Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Nogami A, Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Higurashi T, Hosono K, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Nakajima A, Yoneda M. Real-world assessment of SmartExam, a novel FibroScan computational method: A retrospective single-center cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:321-329. [PMID: 36436879 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM SmartExam is a novel computational method compatible with FibroScan that uses a software called SmartDepth and continuous controlled attenuation parameter measurements to evaluate liver fibrosis and steatosis. This retrospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy of conventional and SmartExam-equipped FibroScan for liver stiffness measurement (LSM). METHODS The liver stiffness and the associated controlled attenuation parameters of 167 patients were measured using conventional and SmartExam-Equipped FibroScan as well as reference methods like magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) measurements to assess its diagnostic performance. M or XL probes were selected based on the probe-to-liver capsule distance for all FibroScan examinations. RESULTS The liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) correlation coefficients calculated from conventional and SmartExam-equipped FibroScan were 0.97 and 0.82, respectively. Using MRE/MRI-PDFF as a reference and the DeLong test for analysis, LSM and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CAP measured by conventional and SmartExam-equipped FibroScan showed no significant difference. However, the SmartExam-equipped FibroScan measurement (33.6 s) took 1.4 times longer than conventional FibroScan (23.2 s). CONCLUSIONS SmartExam has a high diagnostic performance comparable with that of conventional FibroScan. Because the results of the conventional and SmartExam-equipped FibroScan were strongly correlated, it can be considered useful for assessing the fibrosis stage and steatosis grade of the liver in clinical practice, with less variability but little longer measurement time compared with the conventional FibroScan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Shinyurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kirikoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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29
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Nogami A, Yoneda M, Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers for liver steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: present and future. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S123-S135. [PMID: 36503207 PMCID: PMC10029939 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently the most common chronic liver disease, affecting up to 25% of the global population. Simple fatty liver, in which fat is deposited in the liver without fibrosis, has been regarded as a benign disease in the past, but it is now known to be prognostic. In the future, more emphasis should be placed on the quantification of liver fat. Traditionally, fatty liver has been assessed by histological evaluation, which requires an invasive examination; however, technological innovations have made it possible to evaluate fatty liver by non-invasive imaging methods, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, quantitative as well as qualitative measurements for the detection of fatty liver have become available. In this review, we summarize the currently used qualitative evaluations of fatty liver and discuss quantitative evaluations that are expected to further develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Shinyurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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30
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Alahmad B, Khraishah H, Royé D, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Guo Y, Papatheodorou SI, Achilleos S, Acquaotta F, Armstrong B, Bell ML, Pan SC, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M, Colistro V, Dang TN, Van Dung D, De’ Donato FK, Entezari A, Guo YLL, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Indermitte E, Íñiguez C, Jaakkola JJ, Kim H, Lavigne E, Lee W, Li S, Madureira J, Mayvaneh F, Orru H, Overcenco A, Ragettli MS, Ryti NR, Saldiva PHN, Scovronick N, Seposo X, Sera F, Silva SP, Stafoggia M, Tobias A, Garshick E, Bernstein AS, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Gasparrini A, Koutrakis P. Associations Between Extreme Temperatures and Cardiovascular Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From 27 Countries. Circulation 2023; 147:35-46. [PMID: 36503273 PMCID: PMC9794133 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Existing studies on the association between temperatures and cardiovascular deaths have been limited in geographic zones and have generally considered associations with total cardiovascular deaths rather than cause-specific cardiovascular deaths. METHODS We used unified data collection protocols within the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Network to assemble a database of daily counts of specific cardiovascular causes of death from 567 cities in 27 countries across 5 continents in overlapping periods ranging from 1979 to 2019. City-specific daily ambient temperatures were obtained from weather stations and climate reanalysis models. To investigate cardiovascular mortality associations with extreme hot and cold temperatures, we fit case-crossover models in each city and then used a mixed-effects meta-analytic framework to pool individual city estimates. Extreme temperature percentiles were compared with the minimum mortality temperature in each location. Excess deaths were calculated for a range of extreme temperature days. RESULTS The analyses included deaths from any cardiovascular cause (32 154 935), ischemic heart disease (11 745 880), stroke (9 351 312), heart failure (3 673 723), and arrhythmia (670 859). At extreme temperature percentiles, heat (99th percentile) and cold (1st percentile) were associated with higher risk of dying from any cardiovascular cause, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure as compared to the minimum mortality temperature, which is the temperature associated with least mortality. Across a range of extreme temperatures, hot days (above 97.5th percentile) and cold days (below 2.5th percentile) accounted for 2.2 (95% empirical CI [eCI], 2.1-2.3) and 9.1 (95% eCI, 8.9-9.2) excess deaths for every 1000 cardiovascular deaths, respectively. Heart failure was associated with the highest excess deaths proportion from extreme hot and cold days with 2.6 (95% eCI, 2.4-2.8) and 12.8 (95% eCI, 12.2-13.1) for every 1000 heart failure deaths, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Across a large, multinational sample, exposure to extreme hot and cold temperatures was associated with a greater risk of mortality from multiple common cardiovascular conditions. The intersections between extreme temperatures and cardiovascular health need to be thoroughly characterized in the present day-and especially under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrak Alahmad
- Environmental Health Department (B.Alahmad, A.Z., J.S., P.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City (B.Alahmad)
| | - Haitham Khraishah
- Cardiology Division, University of Maryland Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore (H.Khraishah)
| | - Dominic Royé
- Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain (D.R.)
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (A.M.V-C.)
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland (A.M.V-C.)
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society (A.M.V-C., B.Armstrong), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Y.G., S.L.)
| | | | - Souzana Achilleos
- School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol (S.A.)
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Cyprus (S.A.)
| | | | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society (A.M.V-C., B.Armstrong), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.L.B., W.L.)
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan (S-C.P., Y-L.L.G.)
| | | | - Valentina Colistro
- Department of Quantitative Methods, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay (V.C.)
| | - Tran Ngoc Dang
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (T.N.D., D.V.D.)
| | - Do Van Dung
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (T.N.D., D.V.D.)
| | | | - Alireza Entezari
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran (A.E., F.M.)
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan (S-C.P., Y-L.L.G.)
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Ene Indermitte
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Estonia (E.I., H.O.)
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (D.R., C.Í.)
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de València, Spain (C.Í.)
| | - Jouni J.K. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (J.J.K.J.), University of Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (J.J.K.J.), University of Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu (N.R.I.R., J.J.K.J.), University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea (H.Kim)
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada (E.L.)
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.L.B., W.L.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biomedical Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea (W.L.)
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Y.G., S.L.)
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.L.)
| | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal (J.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit) (J.M.), Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (J.M.), Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatemeh Mayvaneh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran (A.E., F.M.)
| | - Hans Orru
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Estonia (E.I., H.O.)
| | - Ala Overcenco
- Laboratory of Management in Science and Public Health, National Agency for Public Health of the Ministry of Health, Chisinau, Moldova (A.O.)
| | - Martina S. Ragettli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (M.S.R.), Switzerland
- University of Basel (M.S.R.), Switzerland
| | - Niilo R.I. Ryti
- Biocenter Oulu (N.R.I.R., J.J.K.J.), University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Noah Scovronick
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (N.S.)
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan (X.S., A.T.)
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications G. Parenti, University of Florence, Italy (F.S.)
| | - Susana Pereira Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal (S.P.S.)
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy (F.K.D’D., M.S.)
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan (X.S., A.T.)
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona (A.T.)
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA (E.G.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (E.G.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Aaron S. Bernstein
- Center for Climate, Health and the Global Environment (A.S.B.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital (A.S.B.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Environmental Health Department (B.Alahmad, A.Z., J.S., P.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Environmental Health Department (B.Alahmad, A.Z., J.S., P.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Centre for Statistical Methodology (A.G.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health (A.G.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Environmental Health Department (B.Alahmad, A.Z., J.S., P.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Choi HM, Lee W, Roye D, Heo S, Urban A, Entezari A, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Zanobetti A, Gasparrini A, Analitis A, Tobias A, Armstrong B, Forsberg B, Íñiguez C, Åström C, Sheng Ng CF, Indermitte E, Lavigne E, Mayvaneh F, Acquaotta F, Sera F, Orru H, Kim H, Kyselý J, Madueira J, Schwartz J, Jaakkola JJK, Katsouyanni K, Diaz MH, Ragettli MS, Hashizume M, Pascal M, Ryti N, Scovronick N, Osorio S, Tong S, Seposo X, Honda Y, Kim Y, Guo YL, Guo Y, Bell ML. Corrigendum to "Effect modification of greenness on the association between heat and mortality: A multi-city multi-country study". EBioMedicine 2023; 87:104396. [PMID: 36463754 PMCID: PMC9720512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dominic Roye
- Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Seulkee Heo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alireza Entezari
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | | | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Antonis Analitis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Christofer Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ene Indermitte
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Mayvaneh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | | | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans Orru
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joana Madueira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; EPI Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Magali Hurtado Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martina S Ragettli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathilde Pascal
- Department of Environmental Health, French National Public Health Agency, Public Health France, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Osorio
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yue-Liang Guo
- National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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32
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Nottmeyer L, Armstrong B, Lowe R, Abbott S, Meakin S, O'Reilly KM, von Borries R, Schneider R, Royé D, Hashizume M, Pascal M, Tobias A, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Lavigne E, Correa PM, Ortega NV, Kynčl J, Urban A, Orru H, Ryti N, Jaakkola J, Dallavalle M, Schneider A, Honda Y, Ng CFS, Alahmad B, Carrasco-Escobar G, Holobâc IH, Kim H, Lee W, Íñiguez C, Bell ML, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Scovronick N, Coélho MDSZS, Saldiva PHN, Diaz MH, Gasparrini A, Sera F. The association of COVID-19 incidence with temperature, humidity, and UV radiation - A global multi-city analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 854:158636. [PMID: 36087670 PMCID: PMC9450475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The associations between COVID-19 transmission and meteorological factors are scientifically debated. Several studies have been conducted worldwide, with inconsistent findings. However, often these studies had methodological issues, e.g., did not exclude important confounding factors, or had limited geographic or temporal resolution. Our aim was to quantify associations between temporal variations in COVID-19 incidence and meteorological variables globally. METHODS We analysed data from 455 cities across 20 countries from 3 February to 31 October 2020. We used a time-series analysis that assumes a quasi-Poisson distribution of the cases and incorporates distributed lag non-linear modelling for the exposure associations at the city-level while considering effects of autocorrelation, long-term trends, and day of the week. The confounding by governmental measures was accounted for by incorporating the Oxford Governmental Stringency Index. The effects of daily mean air temperature, relative and absolute humidity, and UV radiation were estimated by applying a meta-regression of local estimates with multi-level random effects for location, country, and climatic zone. RESULTS We found that air temperature and absolute humidity influenced the spread of COVID-19 over a lag period of 15 days. Pooling the estimates globally showed that overall low temperatures (7.5 °C compared to 17.0 °C) and low absolute humidity (6.0 g/m3 compared to 11.0 g/m3) were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence (RR temp =1.33 with 95%CI: 1.08; 1.64 and RR AH =1.33 with 95%CI: 1.12; 1.57). RH revealed no significant trend and for UV some evidence of a positive association was found. These results were robust to sensitivity analysis. However, the study results also emphasise the heterogeneity of these associations in different countries. CONCLUSION Globally, our results suggest that comparatively low temperatures and low absolute humidity were associated with increased risks of COVID-19 incidence. However, this study underlines regional heterogeneity of weather-related effects on COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Nottmeyer
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sam Abbott
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sophie Meakin
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathleen M O'Reilly
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Rochelle Schneider
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Φ-Lab, European Space Agency, Frascati, Italy; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), Reading, UK
| | - Dominic Royé
- Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathilde Pascal
- Santé Publique France, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Jan Kynčl
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Orru
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marco Dallavalle
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasushi Honda
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan; Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar
- Health Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, College of Information and Biomedical Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | - Magali Hurtado Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Oka K, Honda Y, Hui Phung VL, Hijioka Y. Potential effect of heat adaptation on association between number of heatstroke patients transported by ambulance and wet bulb globe temperature in Japan. Environ Res 2023; 216:114666. [PMID: 36328225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the association between heatstroke incidence and daily maximum wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) for all 47 prefectures in Japan by age group and severity using time-series analysis, controlling for confounders, such as seasonality and long-term trends. With the obtained association, the relative risk between the reference WBGT (defined as the value at which heatstroke starts to increase) and the daily maximum WBGT at 30 °C (RRwbgt30) of each prefecture were calculated. For the heatstroke data, the daily number of heatstroke patients transported by ambulance at the prefecture level, provided by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency, was utilized. The analysis was conducted for age groups of 7-17 y, 18-64 y, and ≥65 y, and for severity of Deceased, Severe, Moderate (combined as DSM), and Mild. The analysis period was set from May 1 to September 30, 2015-2019. Finally, the correlation between RRwbgt30 and the average daily maximum WBGT during the analysis period (aveWBGTms) of each prefecture was analyzed to examine the regionality of heatstroke incidence. The result showed that RRwbgt30 is negatively correlated with aveWBGTms for the age group 18-64 y and ≥65 y (except for the age group 7-17 y) and for severity. The natural logarithm of the RRwbgt30 of all 47 prefectures ranged from 2.0 to 8.2 for the age group 7-17 y, 1.1 to 4.0 for the age group 18-64 y, 1.8 to 6.0 for the age group ≥65 y, and 1.0 to 3.6 for DSM, and 0.9 to 4.0 for Mild. This regionality can be attributed to the effects of heat adaptation, where people in hotter regions are accustomed to implementing measures against hot environments and are more heat acclimatized than people in cooler regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Nogami A, Yoneda M, Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Kessoku T, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Higurashi T, Hosono K, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Nakajima A. Diagnostic comparison of vibration-controlled transient elastography and MRI techniques in overweight and obese patients with NAFLD. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21925. [PMID: 36535977 PMCID: PMC9763419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging techniques have greatly advanced the assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis but are not fully evaluated in overweight patients. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to assess fibrosis and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and MR imaging (MRI)-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) to assess steatosis in overweight and obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We included 163 biopsy-proven patients with NAFLD who underwent VCTE, MRE/MRI-PDFF, and liver biopsy (years 2014-2020) who were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) as normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 38), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 68), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 57). VCTE and MRE detected fibrosis of stages ≥ 2, ≥ 3, and 4 with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.83-0.94 (VCTE) and 0.85-0.95 (MRE) in all groups, without considerable differences. MRI-PDFF detected steatosis of grades ≥ 2 and 3 with high AUROC in all groups (0.81-1.00). CAP's diagnostic ability (0.63-0.95) was lower than that of MRI-PDFF and decreased with increasing BMI compared to MRI-PDFF. VCTE and MRE similarly accurately assess fibrosis, although MRI-PDFF is more accurate than CAP in detecting steatosis in overweight and obese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Nogami
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan ,Department of Palliative Care, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda Narita, Chiba, 286-8520 Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan ,grid.416698.4Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsukaku, Yokohama, 245-8575 Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan ,Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Shinyurigaoka General Hospital, 255 Furusawatsuko, Asoku, Kawasaki, 215-0026 Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kirikoshi
- grid.470126.60000 0004 1767 0473Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
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Zhou L, He C, Kim H, Honda Y, Lee W, Hashizume M, Chen R, Kan H. The burden of heat-related stroke mortality under climate change scenarios in 22 East Asian cities. Environ Int 2022; 170:107602. [PMID: 36323066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in East Asia. Owing to the aging population and high prevalence of stroke, East Asia might suffer a disproportionately heavy burden of stroke under the changing climate. However, the evidence relevant is still limited in this area. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stroke mortality risk due to heat exposure in East Asia and predict its burden under various future climate change scenarios. METHODS We conducted a multi-center observational study and collected data from 22 representative cities in three main East Asian countries (i.e., China, Japan, and South Korea) from 1972 to 2015. The two-stage time-series analyses were applied to estimate the effects of heat on stroke mortality at the regional and country level. We further projected the burden of heat-related stroke mortality using 10 global climate models (GCMs) under four shared socioeconomic pathway and representative concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios, including SSP1-RCP1.9, SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5, and SSP5-RCP8.5 scenarios. RESULTS In the present study, a total of 287,579 stroke deaths were collected during the warm season. Heat was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke mortality. Overall, compared with the 2010 s, the heat-related attributable fraction (AF) was projected to increase in the 2090 s, with increments ranging from 0.8 % to 7.5 % across various climate change scenarios. The heat-related AF was projected to reach 11.9 % (95 % empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 6.1 %, 17.5 %) in the 2090 s under the SSP5-RCP8.5 scenario in China, while the corresponding estimates were 6.6 % (95 % eCI: 2.5 %, 11.0 %) and 5.1 % (95 % eCI: 1.2 %, 9.1 %) for Japan and South Korea, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Climate change will exacerbate the burden of heat-related stroke mortality but with considerable geographical heterogeneity in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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Ejiri K, Ding N, Kim E, Honda Y, Cainzos-Achirica M, Tanaka H, Howard-Claudio C, Butler K, Hughes T, Coresh J, Van't Hof J, Meyer M, Blaha M, Matsushita K. Associations of segment-specific pulse wave velocity with vascular calcification: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular calcification, especially coronary artery calcium (CAC) measured by computed tomography (CT), is one of the strongest predictors of CVD but requires radiation for measurement. PWV may be helpful to identify persons with vascular calcification who may benefit from formal assessment of vascular calcification with CT. However, the associations between PWV and vascular calcification across different vascular beds have not been fully investigated.
Purpose
The aims of this study were to quantify the association between PWV and calcification at different segments and to explore whether PWV can identify individuals with vascular calcification beyond traditional risk factors.
Methods
Among 1486 ARIC Study participants (mean age 79.3 [SD 4.2] years), we measured PWV by OMRON VP1000plus at the following segments: heart-carotid (hcPWV), heart-femoral (hfPWV), carotid-femoral (cfPWV), heart-ankle (haPWV), brachial-ankle (baPWV) and femoral-ankle (faPWV). Participants were stratified into four groups based on quartiles of each PWV measure. Dependent (i.e., outcome) variables were high calcium score (≥75th percentile of Agatston score by CT) of the following vascular beds (including valves): coronary arteries, aortic valve ring, aortic valve, mitral valve, ascending aorta, and descending aorta. We ran multivariable logistic regression models and assessed c-statistics as a measure of prediction discrimination.
Results
Only cfPWV was significantly positively associated with high CAC (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.73 [95% CI: 1.17–2.55]) (green dot in figure). The associations were overall most evident for descending aorta calcification, with significantly positive results for hfPWV (gold dot in figure), cfPWV (green dot), haPWV (emerald dot), and baPWV (blue dot). For example, adjusted OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile of cfPWV was 4.08 (2.70–6.24). hfPWV and cfPWV were significantly associated with mitral valve calcification as well. In contrast, faPWV (purple dots) was inversely associated with calcification of aortic valve ring, ascending aorta, and descending aorta. For descending aorta calcification, even the second highest quartile of the following measures demonstrated significant adjusted OR: hfPWV (3.21 [2.11–4.95]), cfPWV (2.11 [1.40–3.20]), and baPWV (1.75 [1.14–2.69]). Simultaneously adding cfPWV and hfPWV improved c-statistic for CAC (Δc-statistic 0.011 [0.0007–0.022]) and descending aorta calcification (0.035 [0.017–0.053]).
Conclusions
The associations of PWV with vascular calcification varied substantially across segments, with descending aorta calcification most closely linked to PWV measures and cfPWV most robustly associated with calcification of multiple vascular beds. cfPWV and hfPWV, together, improved discrimination of high CAC beyond traditional risk factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ejiri
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - N Ding
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - E Kim
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - Y Honda
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - M Cainzos-Achirica
- The Methodist Hospital, Preventive Cardiology , Houston , United States of America
| | - H Tanaka
- University of Texas at Austin, Kinesiology and Health Education , Austin , United States of America
| | - C Howard-Claudio
- The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Radiology, Cardiac and Body Imaging , Jackson , United States of America
| | - K Butler
- The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Medicine , Jackson , United States of America
| | - T Hughes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine , Winston-Salem , United States of America
| | - J Coresh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - J Van't Hof
- University of Minnesota, Cardiovascular Medicine , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - M Meyer
- University of North Carolina, Emergency Medicine , Chapel Hill , United States of America
| | - M Blaha
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - K Matsushita
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Epidemiology , Baltimore , United States of America
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Iwaki M, Kessoku T, Tanaka K, Ozaki A, Kasai Y, Yamamoto A, Takahashi K, Kobayashi T, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Oyamada S, Kobayashi N, Aishima S, Saito S, Nakajima A, Yoneda M. Comparison of long‐term prognosis between non‐obese and obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. JGH Open 2022; 6:696-703. [PMID: 36262543 PMCID: PMC9575321 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress in non‐obese patients as in obese patients. Reports on long‐term prognosis in non‐obese NAFLD patients are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to examine the long‐term prognosis of non‐obese patients with NAFLD. Methods This single‐center, retrospective cohort study enrolled biopsy‐proven non‐obese and obese NAFLD patients between January 2002 and December 2011 and followed them up until 31 March 2021, for death and clinical events (cardiovascular and liver‐related events and extrahepatic cancers). Results Of the 223 NAFLD patients, 58 (26.0%) were non‐obese. Compared with obese patients, they had a lower fibrosis stage (0.8 ± 0.80 vs 1.2 ± 0.91; P = 0.004), milder lobular inflammation (0.9 ± 0.7 vs 1.1 ± 0.7; P = 0.02), and significantly lower serum creatinine, total bilirubin, ferritin, and type IV collagen 7S and higher high‐density lipoprotein levels. After a median follow‐up of 8.9 years, no significant difference was noted in mortality between the two groups (2 [3.4%] non‐obese vs 5 [3.0%] obese; log‐rank test, P = 0.63). Twelve patients (20.7%) in the non‐obese group and 32 (19.4%) in the obese group had clinical events. Although the obese group had a higher incidence of clinical events during the first 10 years of follow‐up, the non‐obese group had a higher incidence after that (log‐rank test, P = 0.67). The non‐obese group had a high incidence of malignancy (9 [15.5%] non‐obese vs 14 [8.3%] obese; P = 0.13). Conclusion Non‐obese NAFLD does not necessarily have a good prognosis, and some cases have a poor prognosis such as extrahepatic cancers. Further validation is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology Shinyurigaoka General Hospital Kawasaki Japan
| | | | | | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Saga University Saga Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
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He C, Kim H, Hashizume M, Lee W, Honda Y, Kim SE, Kinney PL, Schneider A, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Chen R, Kan H. The effects of night-time warming on mortality burden under future climate change scenarios: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e648-e657. [PMID: 35932785 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health impacts of climate warming are usually quantified based on daily average temperatures. However, extra health risks might result from hot nights. We project the future mortality burden due to hot nights. METHODS We selected the hot night excess (HNE) to represent the intensity of night-time heat, which was calculated as the excess sum of high temperature during night time. We collected historical mortality data in 28 cities from three east Asian countries, from 1981 to 2010. The associations between HNE and mortality in each city were firstly examined using a generalised additive model in combination with a distributed lag non-linear model over lag 0-10 days. We then pooled the cumulative associations using a univariate meta-regression model at the national or regional levels. Historical and future hourly temperature series were projected under two scenarios of greenhouse-gas emissions from 1980-2099, with ten general circulation models. We then projected the attributable fraction of mortality due to HNE under each scenario. FINDINGS Our dataset comprised 28 cities across three countries (Japan, South Korea, and China), including 9 185 598 deaths. The time-series analyses showed the HNE was significantly associated with increased mortality risks, the relative mortality risk on days with hot nights could be 50% higher than on days with non-hot nights. Compared with the rise in daily mean temperature (lower than 20%), the frequency of hot nights would increase more than 30% and the intensity of hot night would increase by 50% by 2100s. The attributable fraction of mortality due to hot nights was projected to be 3·68% (95% CI 1·20 to 6·17) under a strict emission control scenario (SSP126). Under a medium emission control scenario (SSP245), the attributable fraction of mortality was projected to increase up to 5·79% (2·07 to 9·52), which is 0·95% (-0·39 to 2·29) more than the attributable fraction of mortality due to daily mean temperature. INTERPRETATION Our study provides evidence for significant mortality risks and burden in association with night-time warming across Japan, South Korea, and China. Our findings suggest a growing role of night-time warming in heat-related health effects in a changing climate. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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Iwaki M, Kessoku T, Tanaka K, Ozaki A, Kasai Y, Yamamoto A, Takahashi K, Kobayashi T, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Yoneda M, Kobayashi N, Saito S, Nakajima A. Efficacy and safety of guanabenz acetate treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study protocol for a randomised investigator-initiated phase IIa study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060335. [PMID: 35820743 PMCID: PMC9277396 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome phenotype in the liver and thus obviously associated with metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance-related to hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemia. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing worldwide. However, currently, there is no consensus regarding the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat patients with NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Guanabenz acetate, a selective α2-adrenoceptor stimulator used in the treatment of hypertension, binds at a high-affinity constant to a nuclear transcriptional coregulator, helicase with zinc finger 2 (Helz2) and inhibits Helz2-medaited steatosis in the liver; chronic oral administration of guanabenz acetate produces a dose-dependent inhibition of lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and activating fatty acid Β-oxidation in the liver of obese mice, resulting in improvement of insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia. Taken all together, guanabenz acetate has a potentially effective in improving the development of NAFLD/NASH and metabolic abnormalities. In this randomised, open label, parallel-group, phase IIa study, we made attempts to conduct a proof-of-concept assessment by evaluating the efficacy and safety of guanabenz acetate treatment in patients with NAFLD/NASH. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 28 adult patients with NAFLD or NASH and hypertension complications meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled. Patients will be randomised to receive either 4 or 8 mg guanabenz acetate (n=14 per group). Blood tests and MRI will be performed 16 weeks after commencement of treatment. The primary endpoint will be the percentage reduction in hepatic fat content (%) measured using MRI-proton density fat fraction from baseline by at least 3.46% at week 16 after treatment initiation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Yokohama City University Hospital before participant enrolment (YCU021001). The results of this study will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals, and the key findings will be presented at international scientific conferences. Participants wishing to know the results of this study will be contacted directly on data publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number: NCT05084404). PROTOCOL VERSION V.1.1, 19 August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organisation Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Kawamura N, Imajo K, Kalutkiewicz KJ, Nagai K, Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Nogami A, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Higurashi T, Hosono K, Takahashi H, Yoneda M, Saito S, Aishima S, Toyoda H, Hayashi H, Sumida Y, Ehman RL, Nakajima A. Influence of liver stiffness heterogeneity on staging fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2022; 76:186-195. [PMID: 34951726 PMCID: PMC9307017 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite that hepatic fibrosis often affects the liver globally, spatial distribution can be heterogeneous. This study aimed to investigate the effect of liver stiffness (LS) heterogeneity on concordance between MR elastography (MRE)-based fibrosis staging and biopsy staging in patients with NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We retrospectively evaluated data from 155 NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy and 3 Tesla MRE and undertook a retrospective validation study of 169 NAFLD patients at three hepatology centers. Heterogeneity of stiffness was assessed by measuring the range between minimum and maximum MRE-based LS measurement (LSM). Variability of LSM was defined as the stiffness range divided by the maximum stiffness value. The cohort was divided into two groups (homogenous or heterogeneous), according to whether variability was below or above the average for the training cohort. Based on histopathology and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, optimum LSM thresholds were determined for MRE-based fibrosis staging of stage 4 (4.43, kPa; AUROC, 0.89) and stage ≥3 (3.93, kPa; AUROC, 0.89). In total, 53 had LSM above the threshold for stage 4. Within this group, 30 had a biopsy stage of <4. In 86.7% of these discordant cases, variability of LSM was classified as heterogeneous. In MRE-based LSM stage ≥3, 88.9% of discordant cases were classified as heterogeneous. Results of the validation cohort were similar to those of the training cohort. CONCLUSIONS Discordance between biopsy- and MRE-based fibrosis staging is associated with heterogeneity in LSM, as depicted with MRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan,Department of GastroenterologyShin‐yurigaoka General HospitalKawasaki CityJapan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan,Department of GastroenterologyShin‐yurigaoka General HospitalKawasaki CityJapan
| | | | - Koki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan,Department of GastroenterologyShin‐yurigaoka General HospitalKawasaki CityJapan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and EndocrinologyFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOgaki Municipal HospitalOgaki CityJapan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGifu Municipal HospitalGifu CityJapan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Hepatology and PancreatologyAichi Medical University of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | | | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
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Kasai Y, Kessoku T, Tanaka K, Yamamoto A, Takahashi K, Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Ozaki A, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Kato S, Imajo K, Higurashi T, Hosono K, Yoneda M, Usuda H, Wada K, Kawanaka M, Kawaguchi T, Torimura T, Kage M, Hyogo H, Takahashi H, Eguchi Y, Aishima S, Kobayashi N, Sumida Y, Honda A, Oyamada S, Shinoda S, Saito S, Nakajima A. Association of Serum and Fecal Bile Acid Patterns With Liver Fibrosis in Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Observational Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00503. [PMID: 35616321 PMCID: PMC10476812 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No reports on both blood and fecal bile acids (BAs) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exist. We simultaneously assessed the serum and fecal BA patterns in healthy participants and those with NAFLD. METHODS We collected stool samples from 287 participants from 5 hospitals in Japan (healthy control [HC]: n = 88; mild fibrosis: n = 104; and advanced fibrosis group: n = 95). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum BAs and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4)-a surrogate marker for BA synthesis ability-from 141 patients. Concentrations of BAs, including cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid (LCA), were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The total fecal BA concentration was significantly higher in the NAFLD group with worsening of fibrosis than in the HC group. Most of the fecal BAs were secondary and unconjugated. In the fecal BA fraction, CA, DCA, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and LCA were significantly higher in the NAFLD than in the HC group. The total serum BA concentration was higher in the NAFLD group with worsening of fibrosis than in the HC group. In the serum BA fraction, CA, LCA, and C4 concentrations were significantly higher in the NAFLD than in the HC group. DISCUSSION Fecal and serum BA and C4 concentrations were high in patients with NAFLD with worsening of fibrosis, suggesting involvement of abnormal BA metabolism in NAFLD with fibrosis progression. Abnormalities in BA metabolism may be a therapeutic target in NAFLD with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Kota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Haruki Usuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan;
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan;
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan;
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan;
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Kurume University Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima Kouseiren General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan;
- Life Care Clinic Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan;
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan;
| | | | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan;
| | | | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Akira Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Shunsuke Oyamada
- Japanese Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (JORTC), JORTC Data Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinoda
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
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Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny GP, Mündel T, Lei TH, Honda Y, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation in humans in vivo. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:844-853. [PMID: 35688020 DOI: 10.1113/ep090521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) blockers modulate the activation of heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation? What are the main finding and its importance? Relative to the vehicle control site, TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone had no effect on sweat rate or cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body heating inducing a 1.1 ± 0.1°C increase in core temperature above baseline resting levels. These results suggest that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heat stress. ABSTRACT Animal and in vitro studies suggest that transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, contributes to regulating eccrine sweating. However, direct evidence supporting this possibility in humans is lacking. We assessed the hypothesis that TMEM16A blockers attenuate sweating during whole-body heating in humans. Additionally, we assessed the associated changes in the heat loss response of cutaneous vasodilatation to determine if a functional role of TMEM16A may exist. Twelve young (24 ± 2 years) adults (six females) underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfused suit to raise core temperature 1.1 ± 0.1°C above baseline. Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (normalized to maximal conductance via administration of sodium nitroprusside) were evaluated continuously at four forearm skin sites treated continuously by intradermal microdialysis with (1) lactated Ringer's solution (control), (2) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as a vehicle control, or (3) TMEM16A blockers 1 mM T16Ainh-A01 or 2 mM benzbromarone dissolved in 5% DMSO solution. All drugs were administered continuously via intradermal microdialysis. Whole-body heating increased core temperature progressively and this was paralleled by an increase in sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance at all skin sites. However, sweat rate (all P > 0.318) and cutaneous vascular conductance (all P ≥ 0.073) did not differ between the vehicle control site relative to the TMEM16A blocker-treated sites. Collectively, our findings indicate that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh-A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heating in young adults in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Liu C, Cai J, Chen R, Sera F, Guo Y, Tong S, Li S, Lavigne E, Correa PM, Ortega NV, Orru H, Maasikmets M, Jaakkola JJK, Ryti N, Breitner S, Schneider A, Katsouyanni K, Samoli E, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Ng CFS, Diaz MH, Valencia CDLC, Rao S, Palomares ADL, Silva SPD, Madureira J, Holobâc IH, Fratianni S, Scovronick N, Garland RM, Tobias A, Íñiguez C, Forsberg B, Åström C, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Ragettli MS, Guo YLL, Pan SC, Milojevic A, Bell ML, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Gasparrini A, Kan H. Coarse Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality: A Global Study in 205 Cities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:999-1007. [PMID: 35671471 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2657oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The associations between ambient coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) and daily mortality is not fully understood at a global scale. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the short-term associations between PM2.5-10 and total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries/regions worldwide. METHODS We collected daily mortality (total, cardiovascular, respiratory) and air pollution data from 205 cities in 20 countries/regions. Concentrations of PM2.5-10 were computed as the difference between inhalable and fine particulate matter. A two-stage time-series analytic approach was applied, with over-dispersed generalized linear models and multilevel meta-analysis. We fitted two-pollutant models to test the independent effect of PM2.5-10 from co-pollutants (fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide). Exposure-response relationship curves were pooled and regional analyses were conducted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5-10 concentration on lag 0-1 day was associated with increments of 0.51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18%, 0.84%), 0.43% (95%CI: 0.15%, 0.71%) and 0.41% (95%CI: 0.06%, 0.77%) in total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. The associations varied by country and region. These associations were robust to adjustment by all co-pollutants in two-pollutant models, especially for PM2.5. The exposure-response curves for total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were positive, with steeper slopes at lower exposure ranges and without discernible thresholds. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel global evidence on the robust and independent associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5-10 and total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, suggesting the need to establish a unique guideline or regulatory limit for daily concentrations of PM2.5-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Fudan University, 12478, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Fudan University, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Francesco Sera
- University of Florence Department of Statistics Informatics and Applications, 518733, Firenze, Italy
| | - Yuming Guo
- Monash University, 2541, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Public Health and Social Work, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Monash University, 2541, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Hans Orru
- Umea University, 8075, department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea, Sweden
| | - Marek Maasikmets
- Umea University, 8075, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea, Sweden
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- University of Oulu, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niilo Ryti
- University of Oulu, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Klea Katsouyanni
- University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelina Samoli
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, 68989, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens, Greece
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- University of Tsukuba Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, 105215, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, 598388, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Magali Hurtado Diaz
- National Institute of Public Health, 37764, Department of Environmental Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Shilpa Rao
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 25563, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susana Pereira da Silva
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Department of Epidemiology, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Portuguese National Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Simona Fratianni
- Babes-Bolay University, Faculty of Geography, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Rollins School of Public Health, 25798, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rebecca M Garland
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the Environment Unit, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, 203229, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- University of Valencia, Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Valencia, Spain.,FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Umeå University, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christofer Åström
- Umeå University, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ai Milojevic
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 4906, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Harvard School of Public Health, Environmental Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, 1857, Environmental Health; Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 4906, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Haidong Kan
- Fudan University, 12478, Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai, China;
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Kurokawa S, Yoneda M, Ogawa Y, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Hotta K. Two differentially methylated region networks in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 35655171 PMCID: PMC9164838 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that two differentially methylated region (DMR) networks identified by DMR and co-methylation analyses are strongly correlated with the fibrosis stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the current study, we examined these DMR networks in viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We performed co-methylation analysis of DMRs using a normal dataset (GSE48325), two NAFLD datasets (JGAS000059 and GSE31803), and two HCC datasets (GSE89852 and GSE56588). The dataset GSE60753 was used for validation. Results One DMR network was clearly observed in viral hepatitis and two HCC populations. Methylation levels of genes in this network were higher in viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, and lower in HCC. Fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 (SGK2), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4A) were potential hub genes in this network. Increased methylation levels of the FABP1 gene may be correlated with reduced protection of hepatocytes from oxidative metabolites in NAFLD and viral hepatitis. The decreased methylation levels of SGK2 may facilitate the growth and proliferation of HCC cells. Decreased methylation levels of HNF4A in HCC may be associated with tumorigenesis. The other DMR network was observed in NAFLD, but not in viral hepatitis or HCC. This second network included genes involved in transcriptional regulation, cytoskeleton organization, and cellular proliferation, which are specifically related to fibrosis and/or tumorigenesis in NAFLD. Conclusions Our results suggest that one DMR network was associated with fibrosis and tumorigenesis in both NAFLD and viral hepatitis, while the other network was specifically associated with NAFLD progression. Furthermore, FABP1, SGK2, and HNF4A are potential candidate targets for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02360-4.
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Yoneda M, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Nogami A, Taguri M, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Nakajima A. Combination of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone for NAFLD: Extension to the ToPiND randomized controlled trial. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2273-2285. [PMID: 35578445 PMCID: PMC9426404 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently increased and is related to obesity and the associated surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndromes. This trial follows up on our previous work and forms part of the ToPiND study. We aimed to combine tofogliflozin and pioglitazone treatment for hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. In this open‐label, prospective, single‐center, randomized clinical trial, patients with NAFLD with T2DM and a hepatic fat fraction of ≥10% were assessed based on magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction. Eligible patients received either 20 mg tofogliflozin or 15–30 mg pioglitazone orally, once daily for 24 weeks, followed by combination therapy with both medicines for an additional 24 weeks. The effects on diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis were examined at baseline and after the completion of monotherapy and combination therapy. Thirty‐two eligible patients received the combination therapy of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone. The combination therapy showed additional improvement in glycated hemoglobin compared with each monotherapy group and showed improvement in steatosis, hepatic stiffness, and alanine aminotransferase levels compared with the tofogliflozin monotherapy group. Pioglitazone monotherapy–mediated increase in body weight decreased following concomitant use of tofogliflozin. The combination therapy resulted in lower triglyceride, higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher adiponectin, and higher ketone body levels. Conclusion: In addition to the additive effects of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone in patients with T2DM and NAFLD, combination therapy was suggested to reduce weight gain and induce cardioprotective effect. Further studies with more patients are needed to investigate the combination therapy of various drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Gastroenterology Division, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kirikoshi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny G, Mundel T, Lei T, Honda Y, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Calcium‐activated Chloride Channel TMEM16A/ANO1 Does Not Mediate the Regulation of Sweating and Cutaneous Vasodilation in Humans In Vivo. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu Y, Li S, Zhao Q, Wen B, Gasparrini A, Tong S, Overcenco A, Urban A, Schneider A, Entezari A, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Zanobetti A, Analitis A, Zeka A, Tobias A, Nunes B, Alahmad B, Armstrong B, Forsberg B, Pan SC, Íñiguez C, Ameling C, De la Cruz Valencia C, Åström C, Houthuijs D, Van Dung D, Royé D, Indermitte E, Lavigne E, Mayvaneh F, Acquaotta F, de'Donato F, Rao S, Sera F, Carrasco-Escobar G, Kan H, Orru H, Kim H, Holobaca IH, Kyselý J, Madureira J, Schwartz J, Jaakkola JJK, Katsouyanni K, Hurtado Diaz M, Ragettli MS, Hashizume M, Pascal M, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coélho M, Ortega NV, Ryti N, Scovronick N, Michelozzi P, Correa PM, Goodman P, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Abrutzky R, Osorio S, Dang TN, Colistro V, Huber V, Lee W, Seposo X, Honda Y, Guo YL, Bell ML, Guo Y. Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with short-term temperature variability from 2000-19: a three-stage modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e410-e421. [PMID: 35550080 PMCID: PMC9177161 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased mortality risk is associated with short-term temperature variability. However, to our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the temperature variability-related mortality burden worldwide. In this study, using data from the MCC Collaborative Research Network, we first explored the association between temperature variability and mortality across 43 countries or regions. Then, to provide a more comprehensive picture of the global burden of mortality associated with temperature variability, global gridded temperature data with a resolution of 0·5° × 0·5° were used to assess the temperature variability-related mortality burden at the global, regional, and national levels. Furthermore, temporal trends in temperature variability-related mortality burden were also explored from 2000-19. METHODS In this modelling study, we applied a three-stage meta-analytical approach to assess the global temperature variability-related mortality burden at a spatial resolution of 0·5° × 0·5° from 2000-19. Temperature variability was calculated as the SD of the average of the same and previous days' minimum and maximum temperatures. We first obtained location-specific temperature variability related-mortality associations based on a daily time series of 750 locations from the Multi-country Multi-city Collaborative Research Network. We subsequently constructed a multivariable meta-regression model with five predictors to estimate grid-specific temperature variability related-mortality associations across the globe. Finally, percentage excess in mortality and excess mortality rate were calculated to quantify the temperature variability-related mortality burden and to further explore its temporal trend over two decades. FINDINGS An increasing trend in temperature variability was identified at the global level from 2000 to 2019. Globally, 1 753 392 deaths (95% CI 1 159 901-2 357 718) were associated with temperature variability per year, accounting for 3·4% (2·2-4·6) of all deaths. Most of Asia, Australia, and New Zealand were observed to have a higher percentage excess in mortality than the global mean. Globally, the percentage excess in mortality increased by about 4·6% (3·7-5·3) per decade. The largest increase occurred in Australia and New Zealand (7·3%, 95% CI 4·3-10·4), followed by Europe (4·4%, 2·2-5·6) and Africa (3·3, 1·9-4·6). INTERPRETATION Globally, a substantial mortality burden was associated with temperature variability, showing geographical heterogeneity and a slightly increasing temporal trend. Our findings could assist in raising public awareness and improving the understanding of the health impacts of temperature variability. FUNDING Australian Research Council, Australian National Health & Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre on Climate Change & Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ala Overcenco
- National Agency for Public Health of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of Moldova, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alireza Entezari
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonis Analitis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariana Zeka
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- NationalInstitute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caroline Ameling
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Health, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Christofer Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Danny Houthuijs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Health, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Do Van Dung
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dominic Royé
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ene Indermitte
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Mayvaneh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | | | - Shilpa Rao
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar
- Health Innovation Lab, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joana Madureira
- Environmental Health Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Magali Hurtado Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martina S Ragettli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathilde Pascal
- Santé Publique France, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | | | | | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Goodman
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Rosana Abrutzky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Samuel Osorio
- Department of Environmental Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tran Ngoc Dang
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Valentina Colistro
- Department of Quantitative Methods, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Veronika Huber
- IBE-Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- NationalInstitute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Arora S, Zimmermann F, Solberg O, Nytroen K, Aaberge L, Okada K, Ahn J, Honda Y, Khush K, Pijls N, Angeras O, Karason K, Gullestad L, Fearon W. Multicenter Evaluation of Volumetric Intravascular Ultrasound Early After Heart Transplantation and Long-Term Prognosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Pan R, Honda Y, Minakuchi E, Kim SE, Hashizume M, Kim Y. Ambient Temperature and External Causes of Death in Japan from 1979 to 2015: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:47004. [PMID: 35394808 PMCID: PMC8992967 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although substantial evidence suggests that high and low temperatures are adversely associated with nonaccidental mortality, few studies have focused on exploring the risks of temperature on external causes of death. OBJECTIVES We investigated the short-term associations between temperature and external causes of death and four specific categories (suicide, transport, falls, and drowning) in 47 prefectures of Japan from 1979 to 2015. METHODS We conducted a two-stage meta-regression analysis. First, we performed time-stratified case-crossover analyses with a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the association between temperature and mortality due to external causes for each prefecture. We then used a multivariate meta-regression model to combine the association estimates across all prefectures in Japan. In addition, we performed stratified analyses for the associations by sex and age. RESULTS A total of 2,416,707 external causes of death were included in the study. We found a J-shaped exposure-response curve for all external causes of death, in which the risks increased for mild cold temperatures [20th percentile; relative risk (RR)=1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05,1.12)] and extreme heat [99th percentile; RR=1.24 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.29)] compared with those for minimum mortality temperature (MMT). However, the shapes of the exposure-response curves varied according to four subcategories. The risks of suicide and transport monotonically increased as temperature increased, with RRs of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.45) and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.35, 1.90), respectively, for heat, whereas J- and U-shaped curves were observed for falls and drowning, with RRs of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.26) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.23) for heat and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.26) and 2.33 (95% CI: 1.89, 2.88) for cold, respectively, compared with those for cause-specific MMTs. The sex- and age-specific associations varied considerably depending on the specific causes. DISCUSSION Both low and high temperatures may be important drivers of increased risk of external causes of death. We suggest that preventive measures against external causes of death should be considered in adaptation policies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Emiko Minakuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of International and Cultural Studies, Tsuda University, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Imajo K, Honda Y, Kobayashi T, Nagai K, Ozaki A, Iwaki M, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Takahashi H, Saigusa Y, Yoneda M, Kirikoshi H, Utsunomiya D, Aishima S, Saito S, Nakajima A. Direct Comparison of US and MR Elastography for Staging Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:908-917.e11. [PMID: 33340780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As alternatives to the expensive liver biopsy for assessing liver fibrosis stage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we directly compared the diagnostic abilities of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). METHODS Overall, 231 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient in a sub-group of 70 participants, in whom liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was performed by an elastography expert and an ultrasound expert who was an elastography trainee on the same day. RESULTS Valid LSMs were obtained for 227, 220, 204, and 201 patients using MRE, VCTE, 2D-SWE, and all three modalities combined, respectively. Although the area under the curve did not differ between the modalities for detecting stage ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 liver fibrosis, it was higher for MRE than VCTE and 2D-SWE for stage 4. Sex was a significant predictor of discordance between VCTE and liver fibrosis stage. Skin-capsule distance and the ratio of the interquartile range of liver stiffness to the median were significantly associated with discordance between 2D-SWE and liver fibrosis stage. However, no factors were associated with discordance between MRE and liver fibrosis stage. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility in detecting liver fibrosis was higher for MRE than VCTE and 2D-SWE. CONCLUSIONS MRE, VCTE, and 2D-SWE demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. MRE demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for stage 4 detection and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry No. UMIN000031491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga-shi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kirikoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Utsunomiya
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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