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Zhang Y, Chen B, Wang M, Liu H, Chen M, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Liu D, Cui G, Kitakaze M, Kim JK, Wang Y, Luo T. A novel function of claudin-5 in maintaining the structural integrity of the heart and its implications in cardiac pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167274. [PMID: 38838411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of claudin-5 (Cldn5) in cardiac structural integrity. Proteomic analysis was performed to screen the protein profiles in enlarged left atrium from atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Cldn5 shRNA adeno-associated virus (AAV) or siRNA was injected into the mouse left ventricle or added into HL1 cells respectively to knockdown Cldn5 in cardiomyocytes to observe whether the change of Cldn5 influences cardiac morphology and function, and affects those protein expressions stem from the proteomic analysis. Mitochondrial density and membrane potential were also measured by Mitotracker staining and JC-1 staining under the confocal microscope in HL1 cells. Cldn5 was reduced in cardiomyocytes from the left atrial appendage of AF patients compared to non-AF donors. Proteomic analysis showed 83 proteins were less abundant and 102 proteins were more abundant in AF patients. KEGG pathway analysis showed less abundant CACNA2D2, CACNB2, MYL2 and MAP6 were highly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cldn5 shRNA AAV injection caused severe cardiac atrophy, dilation and myocardial dysfunction in mice. The decreases in mitochondrial numbers and mitochondrial membrane potentials in HL1 cells were observed after Cldn5 knockdown. We demonstrated for the first time the mechanism of Cldn5 downregulation-induced myocyte atrophy and myocardial dysfunction might be associated with the downregulation of CACNA2D2, CACNB2, MYL2 and MAP6, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baihe Chen
- Department of Functional Laboratory, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjun Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiabiao Zhu
- Department of Basic Teaching, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhou Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, United States of America
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.
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Wang L, Chen QG, Lu H. Jianpi Qinghua Formula Alleviates Diabetic Myocardial Injury Through Inhibiting JunB/c-Fos Expression. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:144-155. [PMID: 38393526 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a substantial risk factor for heart failure and increased mortality in individuals afflicted with diabetes mellitus (DM). DCM typically manifests as myocardial fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, and impaired left ventricular diastolic function. While the clinical utility of the Jianpi Qinghua (JPQH) formula has been established in treating diabetes and insulin resistance, its potential efficacy in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of the JPQH formula (JPQHF) in ameliorating myocardial injury in nonobese diabetic rats, specifically focusing on apoptosis and inflammation. METHODS Wistar rats were assigned as the normal control group (CON), while Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were randomly divided into three groups: DM, DM treated with the JPQHF, and DM treated with metformin (MET). Following a 4-week treatment regimen, various biochemical markers related to glucose metabolism, cardiac function, cardiac morphology, and myocardial ultrastructure in GK rats were assessed. RNA sequencing was utilized to analyze differential gene expression and identify potential therapeutic targets. In vitro experiments involved high glucose to induce apoptosis and inflammation in H9c2 cells. Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was monitored via flow cytometry, and the production of inflammatory cytokines was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. Protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting analysis. The investigation also incorporated the use of MAPK inhibitors to further elucidate the mechanism at both the transcriptional and protein levels. RESULTS The JPQHF group exhibited significant reductions in interventricular septal thickness at end-systole (IVSs) and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole and end-diastole (LVIDs and LVIDd). JPQHF effectively suppressed high glucose-induced activation of IL-1β and caspase 3 in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, JPQHF downregulated the expression of myocardial JunB/c-Fos, which was upregulated in both diabetic rats and high glucose-treated H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION The JPQH formula holds promise in mitigating diabetic myocardial apoptosis and inflammation in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting JunB/c-Fos expression through suppressing the MAPK (p38 and ERK1/2) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qing-Guang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Mohsin S, Elabadlah H, Alotaiba MK, AlAmry S, Almehairbi SJ, Harara MMK, Almuhsin AMH, Tariq S, Howarth FC, Adeghate EA. High-Density Lipoprotein Is Located Alongside Insulin in the Islets of Langerhans of Normal and Rodent Models of Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 38276551 PMCID: PMC10818677 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated pre-beta and beta lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL) in the etiopathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). In contrast, alpha lipoprotein (HDL) is protective of the beta cells of the pancreas. This study examined the distribution of HDL in the islets of Langerhans of murine models of type 1 diabetic rats (streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in Wistar rats) and type 2 models of DM rats (Goto-Kakizaki (GK), non-diabetic Zucker lean (ZL), and Zucker diabetic and fatty (ZDF)). The extent by which HDL co-localizes with insulin or glucagon in the islets of the pancreas was also investigated. Pancreatic tissues of Wistar non-diabetic, diabetic Wistar, GK, ZL, and ZDF rats were processed for immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic samples of GK rats fed with either a low-fat or a high-fat diet were prepared for transmission immune-electron microscopy (TIEM) to establish the cytoplasmic localization of HDL in islet cells. HDL was detected in the core and periphery of pancreatic islets of Wistar non-diabetic and diabetic, GK, ZL, and ZDF rats. The average total of islet cells immune positive for HDL was markedly (<0.05) reduced in GK and ZDF rats in comparison to Wistar controls. The number of islet cells containing HDL was also remarkably (p < 0.05) reduced in Wistar diabetic rats and GK models fed on high-fat food. The co-localization study using immunofluorescence and TIEM techniques showed that HDL is detected alongside insulin within the secretory granules of β-cells. HDL did not co-localize with glucagon. This observation implies that HDL may contribute to the metabolism of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Haba Elabadlah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
- Cambridge Medical and Rehabilitation Center, Al Ain P.O. Box 222297, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam K. Alotaiba
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Suhail AlAmry
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Shamma J. Almehairbi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Maha M. K. Harara
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Aisha M. H. Almuhsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ernest A. Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.M.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Holendová B, Engstová H, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Reflecting Metabolism, Superoxide Formation, Redox Homeostasis, and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:635-683. [PMID: 36793196 PMCID: PMC10615093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial (mt) reticulum network in the cell possesses amazing ultramorphology of parallel lamellar cristae, formed by the invaginated inner mitochondrial membrane. Its non-invaginated part, the inner boundary membrane (IBM) forms a cylindrical sandwich with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Crista membranes (CMs) meet IBM at crista junctions (CJs) of mt cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes connected to OMM sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Cristae dimensions, shape, and CJs have characteristic patterns for different metabolic regimes, physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: Cristae-shaping proteins were characterized, namely rows of ATP-synthase dimers forming the crista lamella edges, MICOS subunits, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) isoforms and mitochondrial genome maintenance 1 (MGM1) filaments, prohibitins, and others. Detailed cristae ultramorphology changes were imaged by focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Dynamics of crista lamellae and mobile CJs were demonstrated by nanoscopy in living cells. With tBID-induced apoptosis a single entirely fused cristae reticulum was observed in a mitochondrial spheroid. Critical Issues: The mobility and composition of MICOS, OPA1, and ATP-synthase dimeric rows regulated by post-translational modifications might be exclusively responsible for cristae morphology changes, but ion fluxes across CM and resulting osmotic forces might be also involved. Inevitably, cristae ultramorphology should reflect also mitochondrial redox homeostasis, but details are unknown. Disordered cristae typically reflect higher superoxide formation. Future Directions: To link redox homeostasis to cristae ultramorphology and define markers, recent progress will help in uncovering mechanisms involved in proton-coupled electron transfer via the respiratory chain and in regulation of cristae architecture, leading to structural determination of superoxide formation sites and cristae ultramorphology changes in diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 635-683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Vileigas DF, Harman VM, Freire PP, Marciano CLC, Sant'Ana PG, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Okoshi K, Beynon RJ, Santos LD, Cicogna AC. Landscape of heart proteome changes in a diet-induced obesity model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18050. [PMID: 31792287 PMCID: PMC6888820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Proteomics may provide a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Thus, our study evaluated myocardial protein expression in healthy and obese rats, employing two proteomic approaches. Male Wistar rats were established in two groups (n = 13/group): control diet and Western diet fed for 41 weeks. Obesity was determined by the adipose index, and cardiac function was evaluated in vivo by echocardiogram and in vitro by isolated papillary muscle analysis. Proteomics was based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) along with mass spectrometry identification, and shotgun proteomics with label-free quantification. The Western diet was efficient in triggering obesity and impaired contractile function in vitro; however, no cardiac dysfunction was observed in vivo. The combination of two proteomic approaches was able to increase the cardiac proteomic map and to identify 82 differentially expressed proteins involved in different biological processes, mainly metabolism. Furthermore, the data also indicated a cardiac alteration in fatty acids transport, antioxidant defence, cytoskeleton, and proteasome complex, which have not previously been associated with obesity. Thus, we define a robust alteration in the myocardial proteome of diet-induced obese rats, even before functional impairment could be detected in vivo by echocardiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
| | - Victoria M Harman
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paula P Freire
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Cecília L C Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula G Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L B de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A F Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Vitor L da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Dijon H S Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilene D Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP)/Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610307, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
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Salem KA, Sydorenko V, Qureshi M, Oz M, Howarth FC. Effects of pioglitazone on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca(2+) transport in the Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rat. Physiol Res 2018; 67:57-68. [PMID: 29137481 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO) is a thiazolidindione antidiabetic agent which improves insulin sensitivity and reduces blood glucose in experimental animals and treated patients. At the cellular level the actions of PIO in diabetic heart are poorly understood. A previous study has demonstrated shortened action potential duration and inhibition of a variety of transmembrane currents including L-type Ca(2+) current in normal canine ventricular myocytes. The effects of PIO on shortening and calcium transport in ventricular myocytes from the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rat have been investigated. 10 min exposure to PIO (0.1-10 microM) reduced the amplitude of shortening to similar extents in ventricular myocytes from GK and control rats. 1 microM PIO reduced the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transients to similar extents in ventricular myocytes from GK and control rats. Caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and recovery of Ca(2+) transients following application of caffeine and myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) were not significantly altered in ventricular myocytes from GK and control rats. Amplitude of L-type Ca(2+) current was not significantly decreased in myocytes from GK compared to control rats and by PIO treatment. The negative inotropic effects of PIO may be attributed to a reduction in the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transient however, the mechanisms remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Salem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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8
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Xu MX, Wang M, Yang WW. Gold-quercetin nanoparticles prevent metabolic endotoxemia-induced kidney injury by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling and Nrf2 pathway in high fat diet fed mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:327-345. [PMID: 28115850 PMCID: PMC5221813 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome followed by chronic kidney disease caused by intestinal endotoxemia have received extensive attention. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and oxidative stress-related Nrf2/Keap1 were regarded as the key target points involved in metabolic inflammation and kidney injury. However, the molecular mechanism of interaction between TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 activation in high-fat diet-induced renal injury is not absolutely understood. Quercetin, a natural product, has been reported to possess antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. In this regard, this study attempted to prepare poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-loaded gold nanoparticles precipitated with quercetin (GQ) to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects in high-fat diet-induced kidney failure. For this study, C57BL/6 mice fed fat-rich fodder were used as the metabolic syndrome model to evaluate the protective effects of GQ on kidney injury and to determine whether TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways were associated with the process. Moreover, histological examinations, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and basic blood tests and systemic inflammation-related indicators were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GQ and underlying molecular mechanism by which it may reduce renal injury. Of note, podocyte injury was found to participate in endotoxin-stimulated inflammatory response. TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways were upregulated with high-fat diet intake in mice, resulting in reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and increase in superoxide radical, H2O2, malondialdehyde, XO, XDH, and XO/XDH ratio. In addition, upregulation of TLR4/NF-κB and oxidative stress by endotoxin were observed in vitro, which were suppressed by GQ administration, ultimately alleviating podocyte injury. These findings indicated that GQ could restore the metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet, which suppresses insulin resistance, lipid metabolic imbalance, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Also, it may prevent kidney injury by inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and oxidative stress, further increasing superoxide dismutase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing; College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Raza H, John A, Shafarin J, Howarth FC. Exercise-induced alterations in pancreatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/8/e12751. [PMID: 27095835 PMCID: PMC4848718 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive metabolic complications accompanied by oxidative stress are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. The precise molecular mechanisms of the disease complications, however, remain elusive. Exercise-induced nontherapeutic management of type 2 diabetes is the first line of choice to control hyperglycemia and diabetes associated complications. In this study, using 11-month-old type 2 Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, we have investigated the effects of exercise on mitochondrial metabolic and oxidative stress in the pancreas. Our results showed an increase in theNADPHoxidase enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inGKrats, which was inhibited after exercise. Increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation andSODactivity were also inhibited after exercise. Interestingly, glutathione (GSH) level was markedly high in the pancreas ofGKdiabetic rats even after exercise. However,GSH-peroxidase andGSH-reductase activities were significantly reduced. Exercise also induced energy metabolism as observed by increased hexokinase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. A significant decrease in the activities of mitochondrial ComplexesII/IIIandIVwere observed in theGKrats. Exercise improved only ComplexIVactivity suggesting increased utilization of oxygen. We also observed increased activities of cytochrome P450s in the pancreas ofGKrats which was reduced significantly after exercise.SDS-PAGEresults have shown a decreased expression ofNF-κB, Glut-2, andPPAR-ϒ inGKrats which was markedly increased after exercise. These results suggest differential oxidative stress and antioxidant defense responses after exercise. Our results also suggest improved mitochondrial function and energy utilization in the pancreas of exercisingGKrats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annie John
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank C Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Hamouda NN, Qureshi MA, Alkaabi JM, Oz M, Howarth FC. Reduction in the amplitude of shortening and Ca(2+) transient by phlorizin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside in ventricular myocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Res 2015; 65:239-50. [PMID: 26447513 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Phlorizin (PHLOR) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (QUER-3-G) are two natural compounds reported to have antidiabetic properties by inhibiting sodium/glucose transporters. Their effects on ventricular myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Video edge detection and fluorescence photometry were used to measure ventricular myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+), respectively. Blood glucose in STZ rats was 4-fold higher (469.64+/-22.23 mg/dl, n=14) than in Controls (104.06+/-3.36 mg/dl, n=16). The amplitude of shortening was reduced by PHLOR in STZ (84.76+/-2.91 %, n=20) and Control (83.72+/-2.65 %, n=23) myocytes, and by QUER-3-G in STZ (79.12+/-2.28 %, n=20) and Control (76.69+/-1.92 %, n=30) myocytes. The amplitude of intracellular Ca(2+) was also reduced by PHLOR in STZ (82.37+/-3.16 %, n=16) and Control (73.94+/-5.22 %, n=21) myocytes, and by QUER-3-G in STZ (73.62+/-5.83 %, n=18) and Control (78.32+/-3.54 %, n=41) myocytes. Myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) was not significantly altered by PHLOR; however, it was reduced by QUER-3-G modestly in STZ myocytes and significantly in Controls. PHLOR and QUER-3-G did not significantly alter sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) in STZ or Control myocytes. Altered mechanisms of Ca(2+) transport partly underlie PHLOR and QUER-3-G negative inotropic effects in ventricular myocytes from STZ and Control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Hamouda
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
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Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Tsuchimochi H, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Contractile apparatus dysfunction early in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:943-960. [PMID: 26185602 PMCID: PMC4499528 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in patients. Independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, diabetes is associated with a specific cardiomyopathy, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Four decades of research in experimental animal models and advances in clinical imaging techniques suggest that DCM is a progressive disease, beginning early after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ahead of left ventricular remodeling and overt diastolic dysfunction. Although the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM still remains largely unclear, activation of protein kinase C appears to be central in driving the oxidative stress dependent and independent pathways in the development of contractile dysfunction. Multiple subcellular alterations to the cardiomyocyte are now being highlighted as critical events in the early changes to the rate of force development, relaxation and stability under pathophysiological stresses. These changes include perturbed calcium handling, suppressed activity of aerobic energy producing enzymes, altered transcriptional and posttranslational modification of membrane and sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins, reduced actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling and dynamics, and changed myofilament calcium sensitivity. In this review, we will present and discuss novel aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM, with a special focus on the sarcomeric contractile apparatus.
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Dapagliflozin reduces the amplitude of shortening and Ca(2+) transient in ventricular myocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:57-68. [PMID: 25351341 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a newly introduced selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor which promotes renal glucose excretion. Little is known about the effects of DAPA on the electromechanical function of the heart. This study investigated the effects of DAPA on ventricular myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) transport in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Shortening, Ca(2+) transients, myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+), and intracellular Ca(2+) current were measured in isolated rats ventricular myocytes by video edge detection, fluorescence photometry, and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Diabetes was characterized in STZ-treated rats by a fourfold increase in blood glucose (440 ± 25 mg/dl, n = 21) compared to Controls (98 ± 2 mg/dl, n = 19). DAPA reduced the amplitude of shortening in Control (76.68 ± 2.28 %, n = 37) and STZ (76.58 ± 1.89 %, n = 42) ventricular myocytes, and reduced the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transients in Control and STZ ventricular myocytes with greater effects in STZ (71.45 ± 5.35 %, n = 16) myocytes compared to Controls (92.01 ± 2.72 %, n = 17). Myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) were not significantly altered by DAPA in either STZ or Control myocytes. L-type Ca(2+) current was reduced in STZ myocytes compared to Controls and was further reduced by DAPA. In conclusion, alterations in the mechanism(s) of Ca(2+) transport may partly underlie the negative inotropic effects of DAPA in ventricular myocytes from STZ-treated and Control rats.
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Liu J, Wang P, Zou L, Qu J, Litovsky S, Umeda P, Zhou L, Chatham J, Marsh SA, Dell'Italia LJ, Lloyd SG. High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet promotes arrhythmic death and increases myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H598-608. [PMID: 24929857 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets (HFLCD) are often eaten by humans for a variety of reasons, but the effects of such diets on the heart are incompletely understood. We evaluated the impact of HFLCD on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) using an in vivo model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) were fed HFLCD (60% calories fat, 30% protein, 10% carbohydrate) or control (CONT; 16% fat, 19% protein, 65% carbohydrate) diet for 2 wk and then underwent open chest I/R. At baseline (preischemia), diet did not affect left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. Oil red O staining revealed presence of lipid in the heart with HFLCD but not in CONT. Following I/R, recovery of LV function was decreased in HFLCD. HFLCD hearts exhibited decreased ATP synthase and increased uncoupling protein-3 gene and protein expression. HFLCD downregulated mitochondrial fusion proteins and upregulated fission proteins and store-operated Ca(2+) channel proteins. HFLCD led to increased death during I/R; 6 of 22 CONT rats and 16 of 26 HFLCD rats died due to ventricular arrhythmias and hemodynamic shock. In surviving rats, HFLCD led to larger infarct size. We concluded that in vivo HFLCD does not affect nonischemic LV function but leads to greater myocardial injury during I/R, with increased risk of death by pump failure and ventricular arrhythmias, which might be associated with altered cardiac energetics, mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, and store-operated Ca(2+) channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peipei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luyun Zou
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Silvio Litovsky
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - John Chatham
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Susan A Marsh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Departments of Medicine and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven G Lloyd
- Departments of Medicine and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Alterations in glutathione redox metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in the left ventricle of elderly Zucker diabetic fatty rat heart. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203193 PMCID: PMC3546687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a genetic model in which the homozygous (FA/FA) male animals develop obesity and type 2 diabetes. Morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular complications, due to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory signals, are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. The precise molecular mechanism of contractile dysfunction and disease progression remains to be clarified. Therefore, we have investigated molecular and metabolic targets in male ZDF (30–34 weeks old) rat heart compared to age matched Zucker lean (ZL) controls. Hyperglycemia was confirmed by a 4-fold elevation in non-fasting blood glucose (478.43 ± 29.22 mg/dL in ZDF vs. 108.22 ± 2.52 mg/dL in ZL rats). An increase in reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein carbonylation was observed in ZDF rats. A significant increase in CYP4502E1 activity accompanied by increased protein expression was also observed in diabetic rat heart. Increased expression of other oxidative stress marker proteins, HO-1 and iNOS was also observed. GSH concentration and activities of GSH-dependent enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and GSH reductase, were, however, significantly increased in ZDF heart tissue suggesting a compensatory defense mechanism. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, Complex I and Complex IV were significantly reduced in the heart ventricle of ZDF rats in comparison to ZL rats. Western blot analysis has also suggested a decreased expression of IκB-α and phosphorylated-JNK in diabetic heart tissue. Our results have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in ZDF rats might be associated, at least in part, with altered NF-κB/JNK dependent redox cell signaling. These results might have implications in the elucidation of the mechanism of disease progression and designing strategies for diabetes prevention.
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König A, Bode C, Bugger H. Diabetes mellitus and myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction: bench to bedside. Heart Fail Clin 2012; 8:551-61. [PMID: 22999239 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In diabetics, the risk for development of heart failure is increased even after adjusting for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although the cause of this increased heart failure risk is multifactorial, increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction of myocardial mitochondria represents an important pathogenetic factor. To date, no specific therapy exists to treat mitochondrial function in any cardiac disease. This article presents underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic heart and discusses potential therapeutic options that may attenuate these mitochondrial derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra König
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg, Germany
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Salem KA, Adrian TE, Qureshi MA, Parekh K, Oz M, Howarth FC. Shortening and intracellular Ca2+ in ventricular myocytes and expression of genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins in early onset type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:1281-91. [PMID: 22581745 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been a spectacular rise in the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Contractile dysfunction, associated with disturbances in excitation-contraction coupling, has been widely demonstrated in the diabetic heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of cardiac muscle genes that are involved in the process of excitation-contraction coupling in the hearts of early onset (8-10 weeks of age) type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Gene expression was assessed in ventricular muscle with real-time RT-PCR; shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) were measured in ventricular myocytes with video edge detection and fluorescence photometry, respectively. The general characteristics of the GK rats included elevated fasting and non-fasting blood glucose and blood glucose at 120 min following a glucose challenge. Expression of genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins (Myh6/7, Mybpc3, Myl1/3, Actc1, Tnni3, Tnn2, Tpm1/2/4 and Dbi) and intercellular proteins (Gja1/4/5/7, Dsp and Cav1/3) were unaltered in GK ventricle compared with control ventricle. The expression of genes encoding some membrane pumps and exchange proteins was unaltered (Atp1a1/2, Atp1b1 and Slc8a1), whilst others were either upregulated (Atp1a3, relative expression 2.61 ± 0.69 versus 0.84 ± 0.23) or downregulated (Slc9a1, 0.62 ± 0.07 versus 1.08 ± 0.08) in GK ventricle compared with control ventricle. The expression of genes encoding some calcium (Cacna1c/1g, Cacna2d1/2d2 and Cacnb1/b2), sodium (Scn5a) and potassium channels (Kcna3/5, Kcnj3/5/8/11/12, Kchip2, Kcnab1, Kcnb1, Kcnd1/2/3, Kcne1/4, Kcnq1, Kcng2, Kcnh2, Kcnk3 and Kcnn2) were unaltered, whilst others were either upregulated (Cacna1h, 0.95 ± 0.16 versus 0.47 ± 0.09; Scn1b, 1.84 ± 0.16 versus 1.11 ± 0.11; and Hcn2, 1.55 ± 0.15 versus 1.03 ± 0.08) or downregulated (Hcn4, 0.16 ± 0.03 versus 0.37 ± 0.08; Kcna2, 0.35 ± 0.03 versus 0.80 ± 0.11; Kcna4, 0.79 ± 0.25 versus 1.90 ± 0.26; and Kcnj2, 0.52 ± 0.07 versus 0.78 ± 0.08) in GK ventricle compared with control ventricle. The amplitude of ventricular myocyte shortening and the intracellular Ca(2+) transient were unaltered; however, the time-to-peak shortening was prolonged and time-to-half decay of the Ca(2+) transient was shortened in GK myocytes compared with control myocytes. The results of this study demonstrate changes in expression of genes encoding various excitation-contraction coupling proteins that are associated with disturbances in myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Salem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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