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Liu S, Song S, Wang S, Cai T, Qin L, Wang X, Zhu G, Wang H, Yang W, Fang C, Wei Y, Zhou F, Yu Y, Lin S, Peng S, Li L. Hypothalamic FTO promotes high-fat diet-induced leptin resistance in mice through increasing CX3CL1 expression. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109512. [PMID: 37907171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) disrupts energy homeostasis and leads to weight gain. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been consistently identified to be associated with HFD-induced obesity. The hypothalamus is crucial for regulating energy balance, and HFD-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance contributes to obesity. FTO, an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulator, may be a key mediator of leptin resistance. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the association between FTO and leptin resistance. After HFD or standard diet (SD) feeding in male mice for 22 weeks, m6A-sequencing and western blotting assays were used to identify target genes and assess protein level, and molecular interaction changes. CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout system was employed to investigate the potential function of FTO in leptin resistance and obesity. Our data showed that chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) was a direct downstream target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. Furthermore, upregulation of FTO/CX3CL1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the hypothalamus impaired leptin-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, resulting in leptin resistance and obesity. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, FTO deficiency in leptin receptor-expressing neurons of the hypothalamus significantly inhibited the upregulation of CX3CL1 and SOCS3, and partially ameliorating leptin resistance under HFD conditions. Our findings reveal that FTO involved in the hypothalamic leptin resistance and provides novel insight into the function of FTO in the contribution to hypothalamic leptin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Shuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui Cai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China
| | - Lian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Chunlu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Shaozhang Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China.
| | - Shuang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Liangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
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Hedayati N, Yaghoobi A, Salami M, Gholinezhad Y, Aghadavood F, Eshraghi R, Aarabi MH, Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Mirzaei H, Hajijafari M, Mafi A, Rezaee M. Impact of polyphenols on heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1174816. [PMID: 37293283 PMCID: PMC10244790 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1174816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in regular diets and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Regarding the inadequacy of the current treatments in preventing cardiac remodeling following cardiovascular diseases, attention has been focused on improving cardiac function with potential alternatives such as polyphenols. The following online databases were searched for relevant orginial published from 2000 to 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy aimed to assess the effects of polyphenols on heart failure and keywords were "heart failure" and "polyphenols" and "cardiac hypertrophy" and "molecular mechanisms". Our results indicated polyphenols are repeatedly indicated to regulate various heart failure-related vital molecules and signaling pathways, such as inactivating fibrotic and hypertrophic factors, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production, the underlying causes of apoptosis, and also improving lipid profile and cellular metabolism. In the current study, we aimed to review the most recent literature and investigations on the underlying mechanism of actions of different polyphenols subclasses in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure to provide deep insight into novel mechanistic treatments and direct future studies in this context. Moreover, due to polyphenols' low bioavailability from conventional oral and intravenous administration routes, in this study, we have also investigated the currently accessible nano-drug delivery methods to optimize the treatment outcomes by providing sufficient drug delivery, targeted therapy, and less off-target effects, as desired by precision medicine standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aghadavood
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajijafari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ruchaya PJ, Lewis-McDougall FC, Sornkarn N, Amin S, Grimsdell B, Shaalan A, Gritti G, Soe KT, Clark JE, Ellison-Hughes GM. Transplantation of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Sca-1 +/PW1 +/Pax7 - Interstitial Cells (PICs) Improves Cardiac Function and Attenuates Remodeling in Mice Subjected to Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:4050. [PMID: 36552813 PMCID: PMC9776789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that skeletal muscle-derived Sca-1+/PW1+/Pax7- interstitial cells (PICs) are multi-potent and enhance endogenous repair and regeneration. Here, we investigated the regenerative potential of PICs following intramyocardial transplantation in mice subjected to an acute myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced through the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. 5 × 105 eGFP-labelled PICs (MI + PICs; n = 7) or PBS (MI-PBS; n = 7) were injected intramyocardially into the border zone. Sham mice (n = 8) were not subjected to MI, or the transplantation of PICs or PBS. BrdU was administered via osmotic mini-pump for 14 days. Echocardiography was performed prior to surgery (baseline), and 1-, 3- and 6-weeks post-MI and PICs transplantation. Mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks post-MI + PICs transplantation, and heart sections were analysed for fibrosis, hypertrophy, engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation of PICs. A significant (p < 0.05) improvement in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening was observed in the MI-PICs group, compared to MI + PBS group at 6-weeks post MI + PICs transplantation. Infarct size/fibrosis of the left ventricle significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI-PICs group (14.0 ± 2.5%), compared to the MI-PBS group (32.8 ± 2.2%). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the border zone significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI-PICs group compared to the MI-PBS group (330.0 ± 28.5 µM2 vs. 543.5 ± 26.6 µm2), as did cardiomyocyte apoptosis (0.6 ± 0.9% MI-PICs vs. 2.8 ± 0.8% MI-PBS). The number of BrdU+ cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the infarct/border zone of the MI-PICs group (7.0 ± 3.3%), compared to the MI-PBS group (1.7 ± 0.5%). The proliferation index (total BrdU+ cells) was significantly increased in the MI-PICs group compared to the MI-PBS group (27.0 ± 3.4% vs. 7.6 ± 1.0%). PICs expressed and secreted pro-survival and reparative growth factors, supporting a paracrine effect of PICs during recovery/remodeling. Skeletal muscle-derived PICs show significant reparative potential, attenuating cardiac remodelling following transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. PICs can be easily sourced from skeletal muscle and therefore show promise as a potential cell candidate for supporting the reparative and regenerative effects of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant J Ruchaya
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - Fiona C. Lewis-McDougall
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nitiphat Sornkarn
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sachin Amin
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Benjamin Grimsdell
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Abeer Shaalan
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guilia Gritti
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kyi Thar Soe
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - James E. Clark
- Rayne Institute, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling is anti-obesity system as anorexigenic and anti-inflammatory actions in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12604. [PMID: 35871167 PMCID: PMC9308795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine is one of the CX3C chemokine family, and it is widely expressed in the brain including the hypothalamus. In the brain, fractalkine is expressed in neurons and binds to a CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in microglia. The hypothalamus regulates energy homeostasis of which dysregulation is associated with obesity. Therefore, we examined whether fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling involved in regulating food intake and hypothalamic inflammation associated with obesity pathogenesis. In the present study, fractalkine significantly reduced food intake induced by several experimental stimuli and significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Moreover, tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist impaired fractalkine-induced anorexigenic actions. In addition, compared with wild-type mice, CX3CR1-deficient mice showed a significant increase in food intake and a significant decrease in BDNF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks showed hypothalamic inflammation and reduced fractalkine mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular administration of fractalkine significantly suppressed HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation in mice. HFD intake for 4 weeks caused hypothalamic inflammation in CX3CR1-deficient mice, but not in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling induces anorexigenic actions via activation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway and suppresses HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation in mice.
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Hu L, Ding M, He W. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Attenuating Tubular EMT and Kidney Fibrosis by Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:830340. [PMID: 35082683 PMCID: PMC8784548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.830340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined as a process in which differentiated epithelial cells undergo phenotypic transformation into myofibroblasts capable of producing extracellular matrix, and is generally regarded as an integral part of fibrogenesis after tissue injury. Although there is evidence that the complete EMT of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) is not a major contributor to interstitial myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis, the partial EMT, a status that damaged TECs remain inside tubules, and co-express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, has been demonstrated to be a crucial stage for intensifying fibrogenesis in the interstitium. The process of tubular EMT is governed by multiple intracellular pathways, among which Wnt/β-catenin signaling is considered to be essential mainly because it controls the transcriptome associated with EMT, making it a potential therapeutic target against kidney fibrosis. A growing body of data suggest that reducing the hyperactivity of Wnt/β-catenin by natural compounds, specific inhibitors, or manipulation of genes expression attenuates tubular EMT, and interstitial fibrogenesis in the TECs cultured under profibrotic environments and in animal models of kidney fibrosis. These emerging therapeutic strategies in basic researches may provide beneficial ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Hu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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McDonald FB, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD. The impact of preterm adversity on cardiorespiratory function. Exp Physiol 2019; 105:17-43. [PMID: 31626357 DOI: 10.1113/ep087490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We review the influence of prematurity on the cardiorespiratory system and examine the common sequel of alterations in oxygen tension, and immune activation in preterm infants. What advances does it highlight? The review highlights neonatal animal models of intermittent hypoxia, hyperoxia and infection that contribute to our understanding of the effect of stress on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. We also focus on some of the important physiological pathways that have a modulatory role on the cardiorespiratory system in early life. ABSTRACT Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Babies that survive early-life stress associated with immaturity have significant prevailing short- and long-term morbidities. Oxygen dysregulation in the first few days and weeks after birth is a primary concern as the cardiorespiratory system slowly adjusts to extrauterine life. Infants exposed to rapid alterations in oxygen tension, including exposures to hypoxia and hyperoxia, have altered redox balance and active immune signalling, leading to altered stress responses that impinge on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. In this review, we explore the clinical challenges posed by preterm birth, followed by an examination of the literature on animal models of oxygen dysregulation and immune activation in the context of early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Fu D, Senouthai S, Wang J, You Y. FKN Facilitates HK-2 Cell EMT and Tubulointerstitial Lesions via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in a Murine Model of Lupus Nephritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:784. [PMID: 31134047 PMCID: PMC6524725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN), also known as chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, constitutes an intriguing chemokine with a documented role in the development of numerous inflammatory diseases including autoimmune disease. Specifically, it has been reported that FKN is involved in the disease progression of lupus nephritis (LN). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in the formation of tubulointerstitial lesions (TIL), which are increasingly recognized as a hallmark of tissue fibrogenesis after injury. However, the correlation between FKN and EMT or TIL in LN has not been determined. To investigate the potential role of FKN in EMT and TIL, MRL lymphoproliferation (MRL/lpr) strain mice were treated with an anti-FKN antibody, recombinant-FKN chemokine domain, or isotype antibody. Our results revealed that treatment with the anti-FKN antibody improved EMT, TIL, and renal function in MRL/lpr mice, along with inhibiting activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In contrast, administration of the recombinant-FKN chemokine domain had the opposite effect. Furthermore, to further explore the roles of FKN in EMT, we assessed the levels of EMT markers in FKN-depleted or overexpressing human proximal tubule epithelial HK-2 cells. Our results provide the first evidence that the E-cadherin level was upregulated, whereas α-SMA and vimentin expression was downregulated in FKN-depleted HK-2 cells. In contrast, overexpression of FKN in HK-2 cells enhanced EMT. In addition, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 negated the effect of FKN overexpression, whereas activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by Ang II impaired the effect of the FKN knockout on EMT in HK-2 cells. Together, our data indicate that FKN plays essential roles in the EMT progression and development of TIL in MRL/lpr mice, most likely through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Soulixay Senouthai
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yanwu You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Liu P, Zhang HM, Hu K, Zhou XF, Tang S. Sensory plasticity of carotid body is correlated with oxidative stress in paraventricular nucleus during chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13534-13543. [PMID: 30609027 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is known to induce hypertension, but the mechanism is not well understood. We hypothesized that sensory plasticity of the carotid body (CB) and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are involved in CIH-induced hypertension. In this study, rats were exposed to CIH for 28 days (intermittent hypoxia of 21% O2 for 60 s and 5% O2 for 30 s, cyclically repeated for 8 hr/day) and then randomly grouped for intracerebroventricular injection of 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), respectively. We found that CIH increased blood pressure (BP), elevated carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and renal sympathetic nerve (RSN) activities, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in PVN. NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis decreased when CIH-induced activation of 5-HT/5-HT2AR/PKC signaling was inhibited by ritanserin. In addition, RhoA expression was downregulated when oxidative stress was attenuated by DPI, while Y-27632 decreased the expression of endothelin-1, which is overexpressed in the vascular wall during hypertension. Moreover, treatment with ritanserin, DPI or Y-27632 attenuated the sensory plasticity and sympathetic hyperactivity as well as CIH-induced elevation of BP. In conclusion, CIH-induced activation of 5-HT/5-HT2AR/PKC signaling contributes to NOX-derived oxidative stress in PVN, which may cause sensory plasticity of CB, RSN hyperactivity, and elevated BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Second Clinical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Tang
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Cohen EM, Mohammed S, Kavurma M, Nedoboy PE, Cartland S, Farnham MM, Pilowsky PM. Microglia in the RVLM of SHR have reduced P2Y12R and CX3CR1 expression, shorter processes, and lower cell density. Auton Neurosci 2019; 216:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Cohen EM, Farnham MMJ, Kakall Z, Kim SJ, Nedoboy PE, Pilowsky PM. Glia and central cardiorespiratory pathology. Auton Neurosci 2018; 214:24-34. [PMID: 30172674 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiration and blood pressure are primarily controlled by somatic and autonomic motor neurones, respectively. Central cardiorespiratory control is critical in moment-to-moment survival, but it also has a role in the development and maintenance of chronic pathological conditions such as hypertension. The glial cells of the brain are non-neuronal cells with metabolic, immune, and developmental functions. Recent evidence shows that glia play an active role in supporting and regulating the neuronal circuitry which drives the cardiorespiratory system. Here we will review the activities of two key types of glial cell, microglia and astrocytes, in assisting normal central cardiorespiratory control and in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Myfanwy Cohen
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Melissa M J Farnham
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zohra Kakall
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Polina E Nedoboy
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M Pilowsky
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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11
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Yao ST, McKinley MJ, May CN. Circumventing a broken heart: cytokines and the subfornical organ. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H729-H731. [PMID: 28778916 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00480.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song T Yao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Michael J McKinley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and .,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clive N May
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
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12
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Ferreira-Neto H, Ribeiro I, Moreira T, Yao S, Antunes V. Purinergic P2 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus are involved in hyperosmotic-induced sympathoexcitation. Neuroscience 2017; 349:253-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Hossain MA, Kocan M, Yao ST, Royce SG, Nair VB, Siwek C, Patil NA, Harrison IP, Rosengren KJ, Selemidis S, Summers RJ, Wade JD, Bathgate RAD, Samuel CS. A single-chain derivative of the relaxin hormone is a functionally selective agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor, RXFP1. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3805-3819. [PMID: 30155023 PMCID: PMC6013806 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-chain derivative of the relaxin hormone ameliorates fibrosis without side-effects.
Human gene-2 relaxin (H2 relaxin) is a pleiotropic hormone with powerful vasodilatory and anti-fibrotic properties which has led to its clinical evaluation and provisional FDA approval as a treatment for acute heart failure. The diverse effects of H2 relaxin are mediated via its cognate G protein coupled-receptor (GPCR), Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor (RXFP1), leading to stimulation of a combination of cell signalling pathways that includes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2. However, its complex two-chain (A and B), disulfide-rich insulin-like structure is a limitation to its facile preparation, availability and affordability. Furthermore, its strong activation of cAMP signaling is likely responsible for reported detrimental tumor-promoting actions that may preclude long-term use of this drug for treating human disease. Here we report the design and synthesis of a H2 relaxin B-chain-only analogue, B7-33, which was shown to bind to RXFP1 and preferentially activate the pERK pathway over cAMP in cells that endogenously expressed RXFP1. Thus, B7-33 represents the first functionally selective agonist of the complex GPCR, RXFP1. Importantly, this small peptide agonist prevented or reversed organ fibrosis and dysfunction in three pre-clinical rodent models of heart or lung disease with similar potency to H2 relaxin. The molecular mechanism behind the strong anti-fibrotic actions of B7-33 involved its activation of RXFP1-angiotensin II type 2 receptor heterodimers that induced selective downstream signaling of pERK1/2 and the collagen-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Furthermore, in contrast to H2 relaxin, B7-33 did not promote prostate tumor growth in vivo. Our results represent the first known example of the minimisation of a two-chain cyclic insulin-like peptide to a single-chain linear peptide that retains potent beneficial agonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Song T Yao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ;
| | - Simon G Royce
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
| | - Vinojini B Nair
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Christopher Siwek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Ian P Harrison
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
| | - K Johan Rosengren
- The University of Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
| | - Roger J Summers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,Department of Biochemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
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14
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Wang R, Huang Q, Zhou R, Dong Z, Qi Y, Li H, Wei X, Wu H, Wang H, Wilcox CS, Hultström M, Zhou X, Lai EY. Sympathoexcitation in Rats With Chronic Heart Failure Depends on Homeobox D10 and MicroRNA-7b Inhibiting GABBR1 Translation in Paraventricular Nucleus. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002261. [PMID: 26699387 PMCID: PMC4692171 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) increases sympathoexcitation through angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors (AT1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Recent publications indicate both γ-aminobutyric acid B-type receptor 1 (GABBR1) and microRNA-7b (miR-7b) are expressed in the PVN. We hypothesized that ANG II regulates sympathoexcitation through homeobox D10 (HoxD10), which regulates miR-7b in other tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS Ligation of the left anterior descendent coronary artery in rats caused CHF and sympathoexcitation. PVN expression of AT1R, HoxD10, and miR-7b was increased, whereas GABBR1 was lower in CHF. Infusion of miR-7b in the PVN caused sympathoexcitation in control animals and enhanced the changes in CHF. Antisense miR-7b infused in PVN normalized GABBR1 expression while attenuating CHF symptoms, including sympathoexcitation. A luciferase reporter assay detected miR-7b binding to the 3' untranslated region of GABBR1 that was absent after targeted mutagenesis. ANG II induced HoxD10 and miR-7b in NG108 cells, effects blocked by AT1R blocker losartan and by HoxD10 silencing. miR-7b transfection into NG108 cells decreased GABBR1 expression, which was inhibited by miR-7b antisense. In vivo PVN knockdown of AT1R attenuated the symptoms of CHF, whereas HoxD10 overexpression exaggerated them. Finally, in vivo PVN ANG II infusion caused dose-dependent sympathoexcitation that was abrogated by miR-7b antisense and exaggerated by GABBR1 silencing. CONCLUSIONS There is an ANG II/AT1R/HoxD10/miR-7b/GABBR1 pathway in the PVN that contributes to sympathoexcitation and deterioration of cardiac function in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Wang
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qian Huang
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Zhou
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunfeng Qi
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hua Li
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hui Wu
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huiping Wang
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaofu Zhou
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - En Yin Lai
- From the Departments of Biotechnology (R.W., H.L, H. Wu) and Bioscience (Y.Q., X.W., X.Z.), School of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (R.W.); Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Q.H., R.Z., H. Wang, E.Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (Z.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Health Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (C.S.W.); and Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology (M.H.) and Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences (M.H.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Kälin S, Heppner FL, Bechmann I, Prinz M, Tschöp MH, Yi CX. Hypothalamic innate immune reaction in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:339-51. [PMID: 25824676 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Findings from rodent and human studies show that the presence of inflammatory factors is positively correlated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity-associated inflammatory responses take place not only in the periphery but also in the brain. The hypothalamus contains a range of resident glial cells including microglia, macrophages and astrocytes, which are embedded in highly heterogenic groups of neurons that control metabolic homeostasis. This complex neural-glia network can receive information directly from blood-borne factors, positioning it as a metabolic sensor. Following hypercaloric challenge, mediobasal hypothalamic microglia and astrocytes enter a reactive state, which persists during diet-induced obesity. In established mouse models of diet-induced obesity, the hypothalamic vasculature displays angiogenic alterations. Moreover, proopiomelanocortin neurons, which regulate food intake and energy expenditure, are impaired in the arcuate nucleus, where there is an increase in local inflammatory signals. The sum total of these events is a hypothalamic innate immune reactivity, which includes temporal and spatial changes to each cell population. Although the exact role of each participant of the neural-glial-vascular network is still under exploration, therapeutic targets for treating obesity should probably be linked to individual cell types and their specific signalling pathways to address each dysfunction with cell-selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kälin
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment &Technische Universität München, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment &Technische Universität München, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Wei SG, Zhang ZH, Yu Y, Felder RB. Central SDF-1/CXCL12 expression and its cardiovascular and sympathetic effects: the role of angiotensin II, TNF-α, and MAP kinase signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1643-54. [PMID: 25260613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00432.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and its receptors are expressed by neurons and glial cells in cardiovascular autonomic regions of the brain, including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and contribute to neurohumoral excitation in rats with ischemia-induced heart failure. The present study examined factors regulating the expression of SDF-1 in the PVN and mechanisms mediating its sympatho-excitatory effects. In urethane anesthetized rats, a 4-h intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in doses that increase mean blood pressure (MBP) and sympathetic drive increased the expression of SDF-1 in PVN. ICV administration of SDF-1 increased the phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JNK, and p38 MAPK in PVN, along with MBP, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), but did not affect total p44/42 MAPK, JNK, and p38 MAPK levels. ICV pretreatment with the selective p44/42 MAPK inhibitor PD98059 prevented the SDF-1-induced increases in MBP, HR, and RSNA; ICV pretreatment with the selective JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors attenuated but did not block these SDF-1-induced excitatory responses. ICV PD98059 also prevented the sympatho-excitatory response to bilateral PVN microinjections of SDF-1. ICV pretreatment with SDF-1 short-hairpin RNA significantly reduced ANG II- and TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK in PVN. These findings identify TNF-α and ANG II as drivers of SDF-1 expression in PVN and suggest that the full expression of their cardiovascular and sympathetic effects depends upon SDF-1-mediated activation of p44/42 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Guang Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Robert B Felder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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17
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Sheridan GK, Wdowicz A, Pickering M, Watters O, Halley P, O'Sullivan NC, Mooney C, O'Connell DJ, O'Connor JJ, Murphy KJ. CX3CL1 is up-regulated in the rat hippocampus during memory-associated synaptic plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:233. [PMID: 25161610 PMCID: PMC4130185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cytokines and chemokines are now known to play normal physiological roles in the brain where they act as key regulators of communication between neurons, glia, and microglia. In particular, cytokines and chemokines can affect cardinal cellular and molecular processes of hippocampal-dependent long-term memory consolidation including synaptic plasticity, synaptic scaling and neurogenesis. The chemokine, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), has been shown to modulate synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus. Here, we confirm widespread expression of CX3CL1 on mature neurons in the adult rat hippocampus. We report an up-regulation in CX3CL1 protein expression in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) of the rat hippocampus 2 h after spatial learning in the water maze task. Moreover, the same temporal increase in CX3CL1 was evident following LTP-inducing theta-burst stimulation in the DG. At physiologically relevant concentrations, CX3CL1 inhibited LTP maintenance in the DG. This attenuation in dentate LTP was lost in the presence of GABAA receptor/chloride channel antagonism. CX3CL1 also had opposing actions on glutamate-mediated rise in intracellular calcium in hippocampal organotypic slice cultures in the presence and absence of GABAA receptor/chloride channel blockade. Using primary dissociated hippocampal cultures, we established that CX3CL1 reduces glutamate-mediated intracellular calcium rises in both neurons and glia in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, CX3CL1 is up-regulated in the hippocampus during a brief temporal window following spatial learning the purpose of which may be to regulate glutamate-mediated neurotransmission tone. Our data supports a possible role for this chemokine in the protective plasticity process of synaptic scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham K Sheridan
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland ; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Anita Wdowicz
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Pickering
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Watters
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Halley
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh C O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Mooney
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J O'Connell
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Connor
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith J Murphy
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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