1
|
Deepu V, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Quantitative Assessment of Intracellular Effectors and Cellular Response in RAGE Activation. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH 2024; 7:80-103. [PMID: 38784044 PMCID: PMC11113086 DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The review delves into the methods for the quantitative assessment of intracellular effectors and cellular response of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), a vital transmembrane receptor involved in a range of physiological and pathological processes. RAGE bind to Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and other ligands, which in turn activate diverse downstream signaling pathways that impact cellular responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune reactions. The review article discusses the intracellular signaling pathways activated by RAGE followed by differential activation of RAGE signaling across various diseases. This will ultimately guide researchers in developing targeted and effective interventions for diseases associated with RAGE activation. Further, we have discussed how PCR, western blotting, and microscopic examination of various molecules involved in downstream signaling can be leveraged to monitor, diagnose, and explore diseases involving proteins with unique post-translational modifications. This review article underscores the pressing need for advancements in molecular approaches for disease detection and management involving RAGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Deepu
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Henriquez-Olguin C, Meneses-Valdes R, Kritsiligkou P, Fuentes-Lemus E. From workout to molecular switches: How does skeletal muscle produce, sense, and transduce subcellular redox signals? Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:355-365. [PMID: 37923089 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is crucial for maintaining human health and overall quality of life. Acute exercise introduces a multifaceted intracellular stress, with numerous post-translational modifications believed to underpin the health benefits of sustained exercise training. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are posited to serve as second messengers, triggering cytoprotective adaptations such as the upregulation of enzymatic scavenger systems. However, a significant knowledge gap exists between the generation of oxidants in muscle and the exact mechanisms driving muscle adaptations. This review delves into the current research on subcellular redox biochemistry and its role in the physiological adaptations to exercise. We propose that the subcellular regulation of specific redox modifications is key to ensuring specificity in the intracellular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Roberto Meneses-Valdes
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Tyganov SA, Zaripova KA, Belova SP, Kostrominova TY, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. The Effect of SERCA Activation on Functional Characteristics and Signaling of Rat Soleus Muscle upon 7 Days of Unloading. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1354. [PMID: 37759754 PMCID: PMC10526198 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle abnormalities and atrophy during unloading are accompanied by the accumulation of excess calcium in the sarcoplasm. We hypothesized that calcium accumulation may occur, among other mechanisms, due to the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Consequently, the use of the SERCA activator will reduce the level of calcium in the sarcoplasm and prevent the negative consequences of muscle unloading. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups (eight rats per group): control rats with placebo (C), 7 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension with placebo (7HS), and 7 days of unloading treated with SERCA activator CDN1163 (7HSC). After seven days of unloading the soleus muscle, the 7HS group displayed increased fatigue in the ex vivo test, a significant increase in the level of calcium-dependent CaMK II phosphorylation and the level of tropomyosin oxidation, as well as a decrease in the content of mitochondrial DNA and protein, slow-type myosin mRNA, and the percentage of slow-type muscle fibers. All of these changes were prevented in the 7HSC group. Moreover, treatment with CDN1163 blocked a decrease in the phosphorylation of p70S6k, an increase in eEF2 phosphorylation, and an increase in MuRF-1 mRNA expression. Nevertheless, there were no differences in the degree of fast and slow muscle fiber atrophy between the 7HS and 7HSC groups. Conclusion: SERCA activation during 7 days of unloading prevented an increase in soleus fatigue, the decrease of slow-type myosin, mitochondrial markers, and markers of calcium homeostasis but had no effect on muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Irina D. Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ksenia A. Zaripova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Svetlana P. Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana Y. Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huo Y, Grotle AK, Ybarbo KM, Lee J, Harrison ML, Stone AJ. Effects of acute hyperglycemia on the exercise pressor reflex in healthy rats. Auton Neurosci 2020; 229:102739. [PMID: 33190039 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exercise pressor reflex is exaggerated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia, a main characteristic of T2DM, likely contributes to this exaggerated response. However, the isolated effect of acute hyperglycemia, independent of T2DM, on the exercise pressor reflex is not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute, local exposure to hyperglycemia on the exercise pressor reflex and its two components, namely the mechanoreflex and the metaboreflex, in healthy rats. To accomplish this, we determined the effect of an acute locol intra-arterial glucose infusion (0.25 g/mL) on cardiovascular responses to static contraction (i.e., exercise pressor reflex) and tendon stretch (i.e., mechanoreflex) for 30 s, as well as hindlimb intra-arterial lactic acid (24 mM) injection (i.e., metaboreflex) in fasted unanesthetized, decerebrated Sprague-Dawley rats. We measured and compared changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) before and after glucose infusion. We found that acute glucose infusion did not affect the pressor response to static contraction (ΔMAP: before: 15 ± 2 mmHg, after: 12 ± 2 mmHg; n = 8, p > 0.05), tendon stretch (ΔMAP: before: 12 ± 1 mmHg, after: 12 ± 3 mmHg; n = 8, p > 0.05), or lactic acid injection (ΔMAP: before: 13 ± 2 mmHg, after: 17 ± 3 mmHg; n = 9, p > 0.05). Likewise, cardioaccelerator responses were unaffected by glucose infusion, p > 0.05 for all. In conclusion, these findings suggest that acute, local exposure to hyperglycemia does not affect the exercise pressor reflex or either of its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Kai M Ybarbo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henríquez-Olguin C, Knudsen JR, Raun SH, Li Z, Dalbram E, Treebak JT, Sylow L, Holmdahl R, Richter EA, Jaimovich E, Jensen TE. Cytosolic ROS production by NADPH oxidase 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercise. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4623. [PMID: 31604916 PMCID: PMC6789013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as intracellular compartmentalized second messengers, mediating metabolic stress-adaptation. In skeletal muscle fibers, ROS have been suggested to stimulate glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-dependent glucose transport during artificially evoked contraction ex vivo, but whether myocellular ROS production is stimulated by in vivo exercise to control metabolism is unclear. Here, we combined exercise in humans and mice with fluorescent dyes, genetically-encoded biosensors, and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) loss-of-function models to demonstrate that NOX2 is the main source of cytosolic ROS during moderate-intensity exercise in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, two NOX2 loss-of-function mouse models lacking either p47phox or Rac1 presented striking phenotypic similarities, including greatly reduced exercise-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. These findings indicate that NOX2 is a major myocellular ROS source, regulating glucose transport capacity during moderate-intensity exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influence, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influence, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik A Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Henríquez-Olguín C, Renani LB, Arab-Ceschia L, Raun SH, Bhatia A, Li Z, Knudsen JR, Holmdahl R, Jensen TE. Adaptations to high-intensity interval training in skeletal muscle require NADPH oxidase 2. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101188. [PMID: 30959461 PMCID: PMC6454063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as signaling molecules mediating exercise training adaptation, but the ROS source has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate if increased NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-dependent activity during exercise is required for long-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in skeletal muscle using a mouse model lacking functional NOX2 complex due to absent p47phox (Ncf1) subunit expression (ncf1* mutation). METHODS HIIT was investigated after an acute bout of exercise and after a chronic intervention (3x/week for 6 weeks) in wild-type (WT) vs. NOX2 activity-deficient (ncf1*) mice. NOX2 activation during HIIT was measured using an electroporated genetically-encoded biosensor. Immunoblotting and single-fiber microscopy was performed to measure classical exercise-training responsive endpoints in skeletal muscle. RESULTS A single bout of HIIT increased NOX2 activity measured as p47-roGFP oxidation immediately after exercise but not 1 h or 4 h after exercise. After a 6-week HIIT regimen, improvements in maximal running capacity and some muscle training-markers responded less to HIIT in the ncf1* mice compared to WT, including superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, hexokinase II, pyruvate dehydrogenase and protein markers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Strikingly, HIIT-training increased mitochondrial network area and decreased fragmentation in WT mice only. CONCLUSION This study suggests that HIIT exercise increases NOX2 activity in skeletal muscle and shows that NOX2 activity is required for specific skeletal muscle adaptations to HIIT relating to antioxidant defense, glucose metabolism, and mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leila Baghersad Renani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Lyne Arab-Ceschia
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aakash Bhatia
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lechado I Terradas A, Vitadello M, Traini L, Namuduri AV, Gastaldello S, Gorza L. Sarcolemmal loss of active nNOS (Nos1) is an oxidative stress-dependent, early event driving disuse atrophy. J Pathol 2018; 246:433-446. [PMID: 30066461 DOI: 10.1002/path.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy following unloading or immobilization represents a major invalidating event in bedridden patients. Among mechanisms involved in atrophy development, a controversial role is played by neuronal NOS (nNOS; NOS1), whose dysregulation at the protein level and/or subcellular distribution also characterizes other neuromuscular disorders. This study aimed to investigate unloading-induced changes in nNOS before any evidence of myofiber atrophy, using vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from young healthy subjects after a short bed-rest and rat soleus muscles after exposure to short unloading periods. Our results showed that (1) changes in nNOS subcellular distribution using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry to detect enzyme activity were observed earlier than using immunofluorescence to visualize the protein; (2) loss of active nNOS from the physiological subsarcolemmal localization occurred before myofiber atrophy, i.e. in 8-day bed-rest biopsies and in 6 h-unloaded rat soleus, and was accompanied by increased nNOS activity in the sarcoplasm; (3) nNOS (Nos1) transcript and protein levels decreased significantly in the rat soleus after 6 h and 1 day unloading, respectively, to return to ambulatory levels after 4 and 7 days of unloading, respectively; (4) unloading-induced nNOS redistribution appeared dependent on mitochondrial-derived oxidant species, indirectly measured by tropomyosin disulfide bonds which had increased significantly in the rat soleus already after a 6 h-unloading bout; (5) activity of displaced nNOS molecules is required for translocation of the FoxO3 transcription factor to myofiber nuclei. FoxO3 nuclear localization in rat soleus increased after 6 h unloading (about four-fold the ambulatory level), whereas it did not when nNOS expression and activity were inhibited in vivo before and during 6 h unloading. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the redistribution of active nNOS molecules from sarcolemma to sarcoplasm not only is ahead of the atrophy of unloaded myofibers, and is induced by increased production of mitochondrial superoxide anion, but also drives FoxO3 activation to initiate muscle atrophy. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Traini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Stefano Gastaldello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Precision Medicine Research Center (Department), Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Province, Yantai, PR China
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Michael C Hogan
- Department of Medicine-0623, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He F, Li J, Liu Z, Chuang CC, Yang W, Zuo L. Redox Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Exercise. Front Physiol 2016; 7:486. [PMID: 27872595 PMCID: PMC5097959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that regular exercise can benefit health by enhancing antioxidant defenses in the body. However, unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise can generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages and impaired muscle contractility. ROS are produced in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have all been identified as potential contributors to ROS production, yet the exact redox mechanisms underlying exercise-induced oxidative stress remain elusive. Interestingly, moderate exposure to ROS is necessary to induce body's adaptive responses such as the activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Dietary antioxidant manipulation can also reduce ROS levels and muscle fatigue, as well as enhance exercise recovery. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, this review updates on new findings of ROS origins within skeletal muscles associated with various types of exercises such as endurance, sprint and mountain climbing. In addition, we will examine the corresponding antioxidant defense systems as well as dietary manipulation against damages caused by ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Chico Chico, CA, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui University Anhui, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital at Medical School of Wuhan UniversityHubei, China; Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenge Yang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences Beijing, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Henríquez-Olguín C, Díaz-Vegas A, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Campos C, Arias-Calderón M, Llanos P, Contreras-Ferrat A, Espinosa A, Altamirano F, Jaimovich E, Valladares DM. NOX2 Inhibition Impairs Early Muscle Gene Expression Induced by a Single Exercise Bout. Front Physiol 2016; 7:282. [PMID: 27471471 PMCID: PMC4944119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate as signaling molecules in response to exercise in skeletal muscle. However, the source of ROS and the molecular mechanisms involved in these phenomena are still not completely understood. The aim of this work was to study the role of skeletal muscle NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) in the molecular response to physical exercise in skeletal muscle. BALB/c mice, pre-treated with a NOX2 inhibitor, apocynin, (3 mg/kg) or vehicle for 3 days, were swim-exercised for 60 min. Phospho–p47phox levels were significantly upregulated by exercise in flexor digitorum brevis (FDB). Moreover, exercise significantly increased NOX2 complex assembly (p47phox–gp91phox interaction) demonstrated by both proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Exercise-induced NOX2 activation was completely inhibited by apocynin treatment. As expected, exercise increased the mRNA levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), citrate synthase (CS), mitochondrial transcription factor A (tfam) and interleukin-6 (IL-I6) in FDB muscles. Moreover, the apocynin treatment was associated to a reduced activation of p38 MAP kinase, ERK 1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways after a single bout of exercise. Additionally, the increase in plasma IL-6 elicited by exercise was decreased in apocynin-treated mice compared with the exercised vehicle-group (p < 0.001). These results were corroborated using gp91-dstat in an in vitro exercise model. In conclusion, NOX2 inhibition by both apocynin and gp91dstat, alters the intracellular signaling to exercise and electrical stimuli in skeletal muscle, suggesting that NOX2 plays a critical role in molecular response to an acute exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Clínica MEDSSantiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Yildy Utreras-Mendoza
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Campos
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Arias-Calderón
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Facultad de Odontología, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Facultad de Medicina, School of Medical Technology, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Facultad de Medicina, School of Medical Technology, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse M Valladares
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|