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Brand T, Lukannek AK, Jahns V, Jahns R, Lorenz K. From "contraindicated" to "first line" - Current mechanistic insights beyond canonical β-receptor signaling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 76:102458. [PMID: 38636195 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
β-blockers are a solid pillar in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, they are highly discussed regarding effectiveness for certain indications and side-effects. Even though there are up to 20 licensed compounds, only four are used for heart failure (HF) therapy. On the receptor level several key characteristics seem to influence the clinical outcome: subtype selectivity, antagonistic vs (inverse/biased) agonistic properties and -in particular- ancillary capacities. On a molecular level, divergent and novel signaling patterns are being identified and extra-cardiac effects on e.g. inflammation, metabolism and oxidative stress are highlighted. This review discusses different well-known and newly discovered characteristics that need to be considered for HF therapy and in the context of co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Brand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Valérie Jahns
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biological Materials and Data Würzburg (ibdw), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dortmund, Germany.
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2
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Argueta CE, Figy C, Bouali S, Guo A, Yeung KC, Fenteany G. RKIP localizes to the nucleus through a bipartite nuclear localization signal and interaction with importin α to regulate mitotic progression. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103023. [PMID: 36805338 PMCID: PMC10060766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a multifunctional modulator of intracellular signal transduction. Although most of its functions have been considered cytosolic, we show here that the localization of RKIP is primarily nuclear in both growing and quiescent Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells and in Cal-51 and BT-20 human breast cancer cells. We have identified a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) in RKIP that maps to the surface of the protein surrounding a known regulatory region. Like classical NLS sequences, the putative NLS of RKIP is rich in arginine and lysine residues. Deletion of and point mutations in the putative NLS lead to decreased nuclear localization. Point mutation of all the basic residues in the putative NLS of RKIP particularly strongly reduces nuclear localization. We found consistent results in reexpression experiments with wildtype or mutant RKIP in RKIP-silenced cells. A fusion construct of the putative NLS of RKIP alone to a heterologous reporter protein leads to nuclear localization of the fusion protein, demonstrating that this sequence alone is sufficient for import into the nucleus. We found that RKIP interacts with the nuclear transport factor importin α in BT-20 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, suggesting importin-mediated active nuclear translocation. Taken together, these findings suggest that a bipartite NLS in RKIP interacts with importin α for active transport of RKIP into the nucleus and that this process may be involved in the regulation of mitotic progression. Evaluating the biological function of nuclear localization of RKIP, we found that the presence of the putative NLS is important for the role of RKIP in mitotic checkpoint regulation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Argueta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher Figy
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sawssen Bouali
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Guo
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kam C Yeung
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriel Fenteany
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary.
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Lee J, Olivieri C, Ong C, Masterson LR, Gomes S, Lee BS, Schaefer F, Lorenz K, Veglia G, Rosner MR. Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein regulates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway through a positive feedback loop. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121867119. [PMID: 35696587 PMCID: PMC9231499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121867119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) maintains cellular robustness and prevents the progression of diseases such as cancer and heart disease by regulating key kinase cascades including MAP kinase and protein kinase A (PKA). Phosphorylation of RKIP at S153 by Protein Kinase C (PKC) triggers a switch from inhibition of Raf to inhibition of the G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), enhancing signaling by the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) that activates PKA. Here we report that PKA-phosphorylated RKIP promotes β-AR-activated PKA signaling. Using biochemical, genetic, and biophysical approaches, we show that PKA phosphorylates RKIP at S51, increasing S153 phosphorylation by PKC and thereby triggering feedback activation of PKA. The S51V mutation blocks the ability of RKIP to activate PKA in prostate cancer cells and to induce contraction in primary cardiac myocytes in response to the β-AR activator isoproterenol, illustrating the functional importance of this positive feedback circuit. As previously shown for other kinases, phosphorylation of RKIP at S51 by PKA is enhanced upon RKIP destabilization by the P74L mutation. These results suggest that PKA phosphorylation at S51 may lead to allosteric changes associated with a higher-energy RKIP state that potentiates phosphorylation of RKIP at other key sites. This allosteric regulatory mechanism may have therapeutic potential for regulating PKA signaling in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Cristina Olivieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Colin Ong
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Larry R. Masterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Suzana Gomes
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Bok-Soon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Florian Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Harnessing RKIP to Combat Heart Disease and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040867. [PMID: 35205615 PMCID: PMC8870036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases have common risk factors, common molecular signaling pathways that are central to their pathogenesis, and even some disease phenotypes that are interdependent. Thus, a detailed understanding of common regulators is critical for the development of new and synergistic therapeutic strategies. The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a regulator of the cellular kinome that functions to maintain cellular robustness and prevent the progression of diseases including heart disease and cancer. Two of the key signaling pathways controlled by RKIP are the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling to protein kinase A (PKA), particularly in the heart, and the MAP kinase cascade Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 that regulates multiple diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss how we can leverage RKIP to suppress cancer without incurring deleterious effects on the heart. Specifically, we discuss: (1) How RKIP functions to either suppress or activate βAR (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling; (2) How we can prevent cancer-promoting kinase signaling while at the same time avoiding cardiotoxicity.
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Akazawa Y, Taneike M, Ueda H, Kitazume-Taneike R, Murakawa T, Sugihara R, Yorifuji H, Nishida H, Mine K, Hioki A, Omiya S, Nakayama H, Yamaguchi O, Yoshimori T, Sakata Y, Otsu K. Rubicon-regulated beta-1 adrenergic receptor recycling protects the heart from pressure overload. Sci Rep 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 34996972 PMCID: PMC8741968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure has high morbidity and mortality in the developed countries. Autophagy is important for the quality control of proteins and organelles in the heart. Rubicon (Run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein) has been identified as a potent negative regulator of autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo role of Rubicon-mediated autophagy and endosomal trafficking in the heart. We generated cardiomyocyte-specific Rubicon-deficient mice and subjected the mice to pressure overload by means of transverse aortic constriction. Rubicon-deficient mice showed heart failure with left ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction and lung congestion one week after pressure overload. While autophagic activity was unchanged, the protein amount of beta-1 adrenergic receptor was decreased in the pressure-overloaded Rubicon-deficient hearts. The increases in heart rate and systolic function by beta-1 adrenergic stimulation were significantly attenuated in pressure-overloaded Rubicon-deficient hearts. In isolated rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, the downregulation of the receptor by beta-1 adrenergic agonist was accelerated by knockdown of Rubicon through the inhibition of recycling of the receptor. Taken together, Rubicon protects the heart from pressure overload. Rubicon maintains the intracellular recycling of beta-1 adrenergic receptor, which might contribute to its cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Taneike
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Preventive Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rika Kitazume-Taneike
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Murakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuta Sugihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yorifuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayana Hioki
- Preventive Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigemiki Omiya
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Dong Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Gu Y, Xu H, Major P, Tang D. Insights of RKIP-Derived Suppression of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246388. [PMID: 34945007 PMCID: PMC8699807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite an intensive research effort in the past few decades, prostate cancer (PC) remains a top cause of cancer death in men, particularly in the developed world. The major cause of fatality is the progression of local prostate cancer to metastasis disease. Treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is generally ineffective. Based on the discovery of mPC relying on androgen for growth, many patients with mPC show an initial response to the standard of care: androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, lethal castration resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) commonly develop. It is widely accepted that intervention of metastatic progression of PC is a critical point of intervention to reduce PC death. Accumulative evidence reveals a role of RKIP in suppression of PC progression towards mPC. We will review current evidence and discuss the potential utilization of RKIP in preventing mPC progression. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is a major cause of cancer death in men. The disease has a great disparity in prognosis. Although low grade PCs with Gleason scores ≤ 6 are indolent, high-risk PCs are likely to relapse and metastasize. The standard of care for metastatic PC (mPC) remains androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Resistance commonly occurs in the form of castration resistant PC (CRPC). Despite decades of research efforts, CRPC remains lethal. Understanding of mechanisms underpinning metastatic progression represents the overarching challenge in PC research. This progression is regulated by complex mechanisms, including those regulating PC cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Among this PC metastatic network lies an intriguing suppressor of PC metastasis: the Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP). Clinically, the RKIP protein is downregulated in PC, and showed further reduction in mPC. In xenograft mouse models for PC, RKIP inhibits metastasis. In vitro, RKIP reduces PC cell invasion and sensitizes PC cells to therapeutic treatments. Mechanistically, RKIP suppresses Raf-MEK-ERK activation and EMT, and modulates extracellular matrix. In return, Snail, NFκB, and the polycomb protein EZH2 contribute to inhibition of RKIP expression. In this review, we will thoroughly analyze RKIP’s tumor suppression actions in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Hui Xu
- The Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35168)
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Cellini A, Höfler D, Arias-Loza PA, Bandleon S, Langsenlehner T, Kohlhaas M, Maack C, Bauer WR, Eder-Negrin P. The α2-isoform of the Na +/K +-ATPase protects against pathological remodeling and β-adrenergic desensitization after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H650-H662. [PMID: 34448639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00808.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in heart failure associated with myocardial infarction (MI) is poorly understood. The elucidation of its precise function is hampered by the existence of two catalytic NKA isoforms (NKA-α1 and NKA-α2). Our aim was to analyze the effects of an increased NKA-α2 expression on functional deterioration and remodeling during long-term MI treatment in mice and its impact on Ca2+ handling and inotropy of the failing heart. Wild-type (WT) and NKA-α2 transgenic (TG) mice (TG-α2) with a cardiac-specific overexpression of NKA-α2 were subjected to MI injury for 8 wk. As examined by echocardiography, gravimetry, and histology, TG-α2 mice were protected from functional deterioration and adverse cardiac remodeling. Contractility and Ca2+ transients (Fura 2-AM) in cardiomyocytes from MI-treated TG-α2 animals showed reduced Ca2+ amplitudes during pacing or after caffeine application. Ca2+ efflux in cardiomyocytes from TG-α2 mice was accelerated and diastolic Ca2+ levels were decreased. Based on these alterations, sarcomeres exhibited an enhanced sensitization and thus increased contractility. After the acute stimulation with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO), cardiomyocytes from MI-treated TG-α2 mice responded with increased sarcomere shortenings and Ca2+ peak amplitudes. This positive inotropic response was absent in cardiomyocytes from WT-MI animals. Cardiomyocytes with NKA-α2 as predominant isoform minimize Ca2+ cycling but respond to β-adrenergic stimulation more efficiently during chronic cardiac stress. These mechanisms might improve the β-adrenergic reserve and contribute to functional preservation in heart failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Reduced systolic and diastolic calcium levels in cardiomyocytes from NKA-α2 transgenic mice minimize the desensitization of the β-adrenergic signaling system. These effects result in an improved β-adrenergic reserve and prevent functional deterioration and cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cellini
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorina Höfler
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paula A Arias-Loza
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bandleon
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Langsenlehner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Wolfgang R Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Eder-Negrin
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
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Ramos-Kuri M, Meka SH, Salamanca-Buentello F, Hajjar RJ, Lipskaia L, Chemaly ER. Molecules linked to Ras signaling as therapeutic targets in cardiac pathologies. Biol Res 2021; 54:23. [PMID: 34344467 PMCID: PMC8330049 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Ras family of small Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) represents one of the main components of intracellular signal transduction required for normal cardiac growth, but is also critically involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present review provides an update on the role of the H-, K- and N-Ras genes and their related pathways in cardiac diseases. We focus on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, where Ras has been studied the most. We also review other cardiac diseases, like genetic disorders related to Ras. The scope of the review extends from fundamental concepts to therapeutic applications. Although the three Ras genes have a nearly identical primary structure, there are important functional differences between them: H-Ras mainly regulates cardiomyocyte size, whereas K-Ras regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. N-Ras is the least studied in cardiac cells and is less associated to cardiac defects. Clinically, oncogenic H-Ras causes Costello syndrome and facio-cutaneous-skeletal syndromes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. On the other hand, oncogenic K-Ras and alterations of other genes of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, like Raf, cause Noonan syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and septal defects. We further review the modulation by Ras of key signaling pathways in the cardiomyocyte, including: (i) the classical Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, which leads to a more physiological form of cardiac hypertrophy; as well as other pathways associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, like (ii) The SAPK (stress activated protein kinase) pathways p38 and JNK; and (iii) The alternative pathway Raf-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). Genetic alterations of Ras isoforms or of genes in the Ras-MAPK pathway result in Ras-opathies, conditions frequently associated with cardiac hypertrophy or septal defects among other cardiac diseases. Several studies underline the potential role of H- and K-Ras as a hinge between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and as potential therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Graphic abstract ![]()
The Ras (Rat Sarcoma) gene family is a group of small G proteins Ras is regulated by growth factors and neurohormones affecting cardiomyocyte growth and hypertrophy Ras directly affects cardiomyocyte physiological and pathological hypertrophy Genetic alterations of Ras and its pathways result in various cardiac phenotypes Ras and its pathway are differentially regulated in acquired heart disease Ras modulation is a promising therapeutic target in various cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Kuri
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Secretarìa de Salud/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Researcher of the Facultad de Bioética, Cátedra de Infertilidad, Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City, México.,Centro de Investigación en Bioética y Genética, Querétaro, México
| | - Sri Harika Meka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Buentello
- University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, FHU SENEC, AP-HP, and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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9
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Yang J, Brody EN, Murthy AC, Mehler RE, Weiss SJ, DeLisle RK, Ostroff R, Williams SA, Ganz P. Impact of Kidney Function on the Blood Proteome and on Protein Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016463. [PMID: 32696702 PMCID: PMC7792282 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) confers increased cardiovascular risk, not fully explained by traditional factors. Proteins regulate biological processes and inform the risk of diseases. Thus, in 938 patients with stable coronary heart disease from the Heart and Soul cohort, we quantified 1054 plasma proteins using modified aptamers (SOMAscan) to: (1) discern how reduced glomerular filtration influences the circulating proteome, (2) learn of the importance of kidney function to the prognostic information contained in recently identified protein cardiovascular risk biomarkers, and (3) identify novel and even unique cardiovascular risk biomarkers among individuals with CKD. Methods and Results Plasma protein levels were correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Spearman‐rank correlation coefficients. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between individual protein levels and the risk of the cardiovascular outcome (first among myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, or mortality). Seven hundred and nine (67.3%) plasma proteins correlated with eGFR at P<0.05 (ρ 0.06–0.74); 218 (20.7%) proteins correlated with eGFR moderately or strongly (ρ 0.2–0.74). Among the previously identified 196 protein cardiovascular biomarkers, just 87 remained prognostic after correction for eGFR. Among patients with CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), we identified 21 protein cardiovascular risk biomarkers of which 8 are unique to CKD. Conclusions CKD broadly alters the composition of the circulating proteome. We describe protein biomarkers capable of predicting cardiovascular risk independently of glomerular filtration, and those that are prognostic of cardiovascular risk specifically in patients with CKD and even unique to patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Yang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco CA.,Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System San Francisco CA
| | - Edward N Brody
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Ashwin C Murthy
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Ganz
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco CA.,Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco CA
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Dose-Dependent Effects of Long-Term Administration of Hydrogen Sulfide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Male Wistar Rats: Modulation of RKIP, NF-κB, and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041415. [PMID: 32093102 PMCID: PMC7073056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased circulating levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are associated with higher mortality following myocardial ischemia. This study aimed at determining the long-term dose-dependent effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) administration on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Male rats were divided into control and NaSH groups that were treated for 9 weeks with daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or NaSH (0.28, 0.56, 1.6, 2.8, and 5.6 mg/kg), respectively. At the end of the study, hearts from all rats were isolated and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during baseline and following IR. In isolated hearts, infarct size, oxidative stress indices as well as mRNA expression of H2S-, nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzymes, and inflammatory markers were measured. In heart tissue following IR, low doses of NaSH (0.28 and 0.56 mg/kg) had no effect, whereas an intermediate dose (1.6 mg/kg), improved recovery of hemodynamic parameters, decreased infarct size, and decreased oxidative stress. It also increased expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS), as well as decreased expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). At the high dose of 5.6 mg/kg, NaSH administration was associated with worse recovery of hemodynamic parameters and increased infarct size as well as increased oxidative stress. This dose also decreased expression of CSE, RKIP, and eNOS and increased expression of iNOS and NF-κB. In conclusion, chronic treatment with NaSH has a U-shaped concentration effect on IR injury in heart tissue. An intermediate dose was associated with higher CSE-derived H2S, lower iNOS-derived NO, lower oxidative stress, and inflammation in heart tissue following IR.
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Maimari T, Krasel C, Bünemann M, Lorenz K. The N-termini of GRK2 and GRK3 simulate the stimulating effects of RKIP on β-adrenoceptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:327-332. [PMID: 31604529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) activates β-adrenoceptors (β-AR) and thereby induces a well-tolerated cardiac contractility and prevents heart failure in mice. Different to RKIP-mediated β-AR activation, chronic activation of β-AR by catecholamines was shown to be detrimental for the heart. RKIP is an endogenous inhibitor of G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2); it binds GRK2 and thereby inhibits GRK2 mediated β-AR phosphorylation and desensitization. Here, we evaluate RKIP-mediated effects on β-AR to explore new strategies for β-AR modulation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays and pull-down assays revealed subtype specificity of RKIP for the cardiac GRK isoforms GRK2 and GRK3 - not GRK5 - as well as several RKIP binding sites within their N-termini (GRK21-185 and GRK31-185). Overexpression of these N-termini prevented β2-AR phosphorylation and internalization, subsequently increased receptor signaling in HEK293 cells and cardiomyocyte contractility. Co-immunoprecipitation assays of β2-AR with these N-terminal GRK fragments revealed a direct interaction suggesting a steric interference of the fragments with the functional GRK-receptor interaction. Altogether, N-termini of GRK2 and GRK3 efficiently simulate RKIP effects on β-AR signaling in HEK293 cells and in cardiomyocytes by their binding to β2-AR and, thus, provide important insights for the development of new strategies to modulate β2-AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theopisti Maimari
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch-Strasse 2, 35042, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch-Strasse 2, 35042, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Sun L, Yu M, Zhou T, Zhang S, He G, Wang G, Gang X. Current advances in the study of diabetic cardiomyopathy: From clinicopathological features to molecular therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2051-2062. [PMID: 31322242 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has become a major public health concern due to lifestyle alterations. Moreover, the complications associated with diabetes mellitus deeply influence the quality of life of patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a type of diabetes mellitus complication characterized by functional and structural damage in the myocardium but not accompanied by coronary arterial disease. Currently, diagnosing and preventing DC is still a challenge for physicians due to its atypical symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the current knowledge on DC, especially in regards to the underlying molecular mechanisms toward the goal of developing useful diagnostic approaches and effective drugs based on these mechanisms. There exist several review articles which have focused on these points, but there still remains a lot to learn from published studies. In this review, the features, diagnosis and molecular mechanisms of DC are reviewed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic and prophylactic drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Conserved salt-bridge competition triggered by phosphorylation regulates the protein interactome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13453-13458. [PMID: 29208709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711543114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a major regulator of protein interactions; however, the mechanisms by which regulation occurs are not well understood. Here we identify a salt-bridge competition or "theft" mechanism that enables a phospho-triggered swap of protein partners by Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP). RKIP transitions from inhibiting Raf-1 to inhibiting G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 upon phosphorylation, thereby bridging MAP kinase and G-Protein-Coupled Receptor signaling. NMR and crystallography indicate that a phosphoserine, but not a phosphomimetic, competes for a lysine from a preexisting salt bridge, initiating a partial unfolding event and promoting new protein interactions. Structural elements underlying the theft occurred early in evolution and are found in 10% of homo-oligomers and 30% of hetero-oligomers including Bax, Troponin C, and Early Endosome Antigen 1. In contrast to a direct recognition of phosphorylated residues by binding partners, the salt-bridge theft mechanism represents a facile strategy for promoting or disrupting protein interactions using solvent-accessible residues, and it can provide additional specificity at protein interfaces through local unfolding or conformational change.
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Knollmann BC. Cardiac regulatory mechanisms: new concepts and challenges. J Physiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1113/jp274290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Björn C. Knollmann
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1265 MRB4; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville TN 37232-0575 USA
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