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Godoy Coto J, Pereyra EV, Cavalli FA, Valverde CA, Caldiz CI, Maté SM, Yeves AM, Ennis IL. Exercise-induced cardiac mitochondrial reorganization and enhancement in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02956-7. [PMID: 38625371 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The myocardium is a highly oxidative tissue in which mitochondria are essential to supply the energy required to maintain pump function. When pathological hypertrophy develops, energy consumption augments and jeopardizes mitochondrial capacity. We explored the cardiac consequences of chronic swimming training, focusing on the mitochondrial network, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male adult SHR were randomized to sedentary or trained (T: 8-week swimming protocol). Blood pressure and echocardiograms were recorded, and hearts were removed at the end of the training period to perform molecular, imaging, or isolated mitochondria studies. Swimming improved cardiac midventricular shortening and decreased the pathological hypertrophic marker atrial natriuretic peptide. Oxidative stress was reduced, and even more interesting, mitochondrial spatial distribution, dynamics, function, and ATP were significantly improved in the myocardium of T rats. In the signaling pathway triggered by training, we detected an increase in the phosphorylation level of both AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β, key downstream targets of insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling that are crucially involved in mitochondria biogenesis and integrity. Aerobic exercise training emerges as an effective approach to improve pathological cardiac hypertrophy and bioenergetics in hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Godoy Coto
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erica V Pereyra
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorella A Cavalli
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Valverde
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia I Caldiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sabina M Maté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra M Yeves
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Irene L Ennis
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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Ramos-Kuri M, Meka SH, Salamanca-Buentello F, Hajjar RJ, Lipskaia L, Chemaly ER. Molecules linked to Ras signaling as therapeutic targets in cardiac pathologies. Biol Res 2021; 54:23. [PMID: 34344467 PMCID: PMC8330049 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Ras family of small Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) represents one of the main components of intracellular signal transduction required for normal cardiac growth, but is also critically involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present review provides an update on the role of the H-, K- and N-Ras genes and their related pathways in cardiac diseases. We focus on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, where Ras has been studied the most. We also review other cardiac diseases, like genetic disorders related to Ras. The scope of the review extends from fundamental concepts to therapeutic applications. Although the three Ras genes have a nearly identical primary structure, there are important functional differences between them: H-Ras mainly regulates cardiomyocyte size, whereas K-Ras regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. N-Ras is the least studied in cardiac cells and is less associated to cardiac defects. Clinically, oncogenic H-Ras causes Costello syndrome and facio-cutaneous-skeletal syndromes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. On the other hand, oncogenic K-Ras and alterations of other genes of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, like Raf, cause Noonan syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and septal defects. We further review the modulation by Ras of key signaling pathways in the cardiomyocyte, including: (i) the classical Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, which leads to a more physiological form of cardiac hypertrophy; as well as other pathways associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, like (ii) The SAPK (stress activated protein kinase) pathways p38 and JNK; and (iii) The alternative pathway Raf-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). Genetic alterations of Ras isoforms or of genes in the Ras-MAPK pathway result in Ras-opathies, conditions frequently associated with cardiac hypertrophy or septal defects among other cardiac diseases. Several studies underline the potential role of H- and K-Ras as a hinge between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and as potential therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Graphic abstract ![]()
The Ras (Rat Sarcoma) gene family is a group of small G proteins Ras is regulated by growth factors and neurohormones affecting cardiomyocyte growth and hypertrophy Ras directly affects cardiomyocyte physiological and pathological hypertrophy Genetic alterations of Ras and its pathways result in various cardiac phenotypes Ras and its pathway are differentially regulated in acquired heart disease Ras modulation is a promising therapeutic target in various cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Kuri
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Secretarìa de Salud/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Researcher of the Facultad de Bioética, Cátedra de Infertilidad, Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City, México.,Centro de Investigación en Bioética y Genética, Querétaro, México
| | - Sri Harika Meka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Buentello
- University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, FHU SENEC, AP-HP, and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Lee TM, Lin SZ, Chang NC. Effect of lithium on ventricular remodelling in infarcted rats via the Akt/mTOR signalling pathways. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160257. [PMID: 28115595 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20160257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling is the molecular pathway driving physiological hypertrophy. As lithium, a PI3K agonist, is highly toxic at regular doses, we assessed the effect of lithium at a lower dose on ventricular hypertrophy after myocardial infarction (MI). Male Wistar rats after induction of MI were randomized to either vehicle or lithium (1 mmol/kg per day) for 4 weeks. The dose of lithium led to a mean serum level of 0.39 mM, substantially lower than the therapeutic concentrations (0.8–1.2 mM). Infarction in the vehicle was characterized by pathological hypertrophy in the remote zone; histologically, by increased cardiomyocyte sizes, interstitial fibrosis and left ventricular dilatation; functionally, by impaired cardiac contractility; and molecularly, by an increase of p-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) levels, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity, GATA4 expression and foetal gene expressions. Lithium administration mitigated pathological remodelling. Furthermore, lithium caused increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4E-BP1), the downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Blockade of the Akt and mTOR signalling pathway with deguelin and rapamycin resulted in markedly diminished levels of p-4E-BP1, but not ERK. The present study demonstrated that chronic lithium treatment at low doses mitigates pathological hypertrophy through an Akt/mTOR dependent pathway.
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Davis RT, Simon JN, Utter M, Mungai P, Alvarez MG, Chowdhury SAK, Heydemann A, Ke Y, Wolska BM, Solaro RJ. Knockout of p21-activated kinase-1 attenuates exercise-induced cardiac remodelling through altered calcineurin signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:335-47. [PMID: 26464331 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite its known cardiovascular benefits, the intracellular signalling mechanisms underlying physiological cardiac growth remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a novel role of p21-activated kinase-1 (Pak1) in the regulation of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and Pak1 KO mice were subjected to 6 weeks of treadmill endurance exercise training (ex-training). Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography, in situ haemodynamics, and the pCa-force relations in skinned fibre preparations at baseline and at the end of the training regimen. Post-translational modifications to the sarcomeric proteins and expression levels of calcium-regulating proteins were also assessed following ex-training. Heart weight/tibia length and echocardiography data revealed that there was marked hypertrophy following ex-training in the WT mice, which was not evident in the KO mice. Additionally, following ex-training, WT mice demonstrated an increase in cardiac contractility, myofilament calcium sensitivity, and phosphorylation of cardiac myosin-binding protein C, cardiac TnT, and tropomyosin compared with KO mice. With ex-training in WT mice, there were also increased protein levels of calcineurin and increased phosphorylation of phospholamban. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Pak1 is essential for adaptive physiological cardiac remodelling and support previous evidence that demonstrates Pak1 signalling is important for cardiac growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Megan Utter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul Mungai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manuel G Alvarez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shamim A K Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ahlke Heydemann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Beata M Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave-Rm. E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Ramos-Kuri M, Rapti K, Mehel H, Zhang S, Dhandapany PS, Liang L, García-Carrancá A, Bobe R, Fischmeister R, Adnot S, Lebeche D, Hajjar RJ, Lipskaia L, Chemaly ER. Dominant negative Ras attenuates pathological ventricular remodeling in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1853:2870-84. [PMID: 26260012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the oncogene Ras in cardiac hypertrophy is well appreciated. The hypertrophic effects of the constitutively active mutant Ras-Val12 are revealed by clinical syndromes due to the Ras mutations and experimental studies. We examined the possible anti-hypertrophic effect of Ras inhibition in vitro using rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCM) and in vivo in the setting of pressure-overload left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (POH) in rats. Ras functions were modulated via adenovirus directed gene transfer of active mutant Ras-Val12 or dominant negative mutant N17-DN-Ras (DN-Ras). Ras-Val12 expression in vitro activates NFAT resulting in pro-hypertrophic and cardio-toxic effects on NRCM beating and Z-line organization. In contrast, the DN-Ras was antihypertrophic on NRCM, inhibited NFAT and exerted cardio-protective effects attested by preserved NRCM beating and Z line structure. Additional experiments with silencing H-Ras gene strategy corroborated the antihypertrophic effects of siRNA-H-Ras on NRCM. In vivo, with the POH model, both Ras mutants were associated with similar hypertrophy two weeks after simultaneous induction of POH and Ras-mutant gene transfer. However, LV diameters were higher and LV fractional shortening lower in the Ras-Val12 group compared to control and DN-Ras. Moreover, DN-Ras reduced the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes in vivo, and decreased the expression of markers of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. In isolated adult cardiomyocytes after 2 weeks of POH and Ras-mutant gene transfer, DN-Ras improved sarcomere shortening and calcium transients compared to Ras-Val12. Overall, DN-Ras promotes a more physiological form of hypertrophy, suggesting an interesting therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Kuri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Centro de Investigación Social Avanzada. Querétaro, Mexico; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Kleopatra Rapti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hind Mehel
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY, USA
| | - Lifan Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Regis Bobe
- INSERM U770, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Elie R Chemaly
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Johnson EJ, Dieter BP, Marsh SA. Evidence for distinct effects of exercise in different cardiac hypertrophic disorders. Life Sci 2015; 123:100-6. [PMID: 25632833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AET) attenuates or reverses pathological cardiac remodeling after insults such as chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction. The phenotype of the pathologically hypertrophied heart depends on the insult; therefore, it is likely that distinct types of pathological hypertrophy require different exercise regimens. However, the mechanisms by which AET improves the structure and function of the pathologically hypertrophied heart are not well understood, and exercise research uses highly inconsistent exercise regimens in diverse patient populations. There is a clear need for systematic research to identify precise exercise prescriptions for different conditions of pathological hypertrophy. Therefore, this review synthesizes existing evidence for the distinct mechanisms by which AET benefits the heart in different pathological hypertrophy conditions, suggests strategic exercise prescriptions for these conditions, and highlights areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Johnson
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Brad P Dieter
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, College of Education, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Section of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Susan A Marsh
- Section of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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