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Hoyle AS, Menezes ACB, Nelson MA, Swanson KC, Vonnahme KA, Berg EP, Ward AK. Fetal expression of genes related to metabolic function is impacted by supplementation of ground beef and sucrose during gestation in a swine model. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa232. [PMID: 32687162 PMCID: PMC7431213 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of maternal supplementation on the mRNA abundance of genes associated with metabolic function in fetal muscle and liver, pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight (BW) 221.58 ± 33.26 kg; n = 21) fed a complete gestation diet (corn-soybean meal based diet, CSM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 isocaloric supplementation treatments: control (CON, 378 g/d CSM, n = 5), sucrose (SUGAR, 255 g/d crystalized sugar, n = 5), cooked ground beef (BEEF, 330 g/d n = 6), or BEEF + SUGAR (B+S, 165 g/d cooked ground beef and 129 g/d crystalized sugar, n = 5), from days 40 to 110 of gestation. Sows were euthanized on day 111 of gestation. Two male and 2 female fetuses of median BW were selected from each litter, and samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and liver were collected. Relative transcript level was quantified via qPCR with HPRT1 as the reference gene for both muscle and liver samples. The following genes were selected and analyzed in the muscle: IGF1R, IGF2, IGF2R, GYS-1, IRS-1, INSR, SREBP-1C, and LEPR; while the following were analyzed in the liver: IGF2, IGF2R, FBFase, G6PC, PC, PCK1, FGF21, and LIPC. No effect of fetal sex by maternal treatment interaction was observed in mRNA abundance of any of the genes evaluated (P > 0.11). In muscle, the maternal nutritional treatment influenced (P = 0.02) IGF2 mRNA abundance, with B+S and SUGAR fetuses having lower abundance than CON, which was not different from BEEF. Additionally, SREBP-1 mRNA abundance was greater (P < 0.01) for B+S compared with CON, BEEF, or SUGAR fetuses; and females tended (P = 0.06) to have an increased abundance of SREBP-1 than males. In fetal liver, IGF2R mRNA abundance was greater (P = 0.01) for CON and BEEF than SUGAR and B+S; while FBPase mRNA abundance was greater (P = 0.03) for B+S compared with the other groups. In addition, maternal nutritional tended (P = 0.06) to influence LIPC mRNA abundance, with increased abundance in CON compared with SUGAR and B+S. These data indicate limited changes in transcript abundance due to substitution of supplemental sugar by ground beef during mid to late gestation. However, the differential expression of FBPase and SREBP-1c in response to the simultaneous supplementation of sucrose and ground beef warrants further investigations, since these genes may play important roles in determining the offspring susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Hoyle
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Megan A Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Eric P Berg
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Khambadkone SG, Cordner ZA, Tamashiro KLK. Maternal stressors and the developmental origins of neuropsychiatric risk. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100834. [PMID: 32084515 PMCID: PMC7243665 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The maternal environment during pregnancy is critical for fetal development and perinatal perturbations can prime offspring disease risk. Here, we briefly review evidence linking two well-characterized maternal stressors - psychosocial stress and infection - to increased neuropsychiatric risk in offspring. In the current climate of increasing obesity and globalization of the Western-style diet, maternal overnutrition emerges as a pressing public health concern. We focus our attention on recent epidemiological and animal model evidence showing that, like psychosocial stress and infection, maternal overnutrition can also increase offspring neuropsychiatric risk. Using lessons learned from the psychosocial stress and infection literature, we discuss how altered maternal and placental physiology in the setting of overnutrition may contribute to abnormal fetal development and resulting neuropsychiatric outcomes. A better understanding of converging pathophysiological pathways shared between stressors may enable development of interventions against neuropsychiatric illnesses that may be beneficial across stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seva G Khambadkone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Multigenerational effects of chronic maternal exposure to a high sugar/fat diet and physical training. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:159-167. [PMID: 31502530 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant individuals who overeat are more likely to predispose their fetus to the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. Physical training is a prevention and treatment interventional strategy that could treat these disorders, since it improves metabolism and body composition. This study assessed the protective effect of physical exercise against possible metabolic changes in generations F1 and F2, whose mothers were subjected to a high-sugar/high-fat (HS/HF) diet. Wistar rats belonging to generation F0 were distributed into four groups (n = 10): sedentary control (CSed), exercised control (CExe), sedentary HS/HF diet (DHSed) and exercised HS/HF diet (DHExe). From 21 to 120 days of age, maintained during pregnancy and lactation period, CSed/CExe animals received standard feed and DHSed/DHExe animals a HS/HF diet. Animals from the CExe/DHExe underwent physical training from 21 to 120 days of age. Male and female F1 and F2 received a normocaloric feed and did not perform any physical training, categorized into four groups (n = 10) according to the maternal group to which they belonged to. An increase in body weight, adiposity and glucose, and a change in lipid profile in F0 were observed, while exercise reduced the biochemical parameters comparing DHSed with DHExe. Maternal exercise had an effect on future generations, reducing adiposity, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and preventing deleterious effects on glucose tolerance. Maternal overeating increased health risks both for mother and offspring, demonstrating that an HS/HF diet intake promotes metabolic alterations in the offspring. Importantly, the physical training performed by F0 proved to be protective against such effects.
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Li F, Gao C, Yan P, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu Y, Wu X, Wang X, Sheng J. EGCG Reduces Obesity and White Adipose Tissue Gain Partly Through AMPK Activation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1366. [PMID: 30524290 PMCID: PMC6262053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is the most abundant catechin in green tea, has many potential health benefits, including decreased weight gain and/or adipose tissue weight. Suggested mechanisms for body weight reduction by EGCG include: (1) a decrease in calorie intake and (2) activation of AMPK in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue. However, only one study supports the AMPK hypothesis. To determine the role of AMPK in EGCG-induced reduction of body weight, we administrated 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg per day to mice, together with a high-fat diet (HFD), for 20 weeks. EGCG had a significant effect on obesity and decrease in epididymal adipose tissue weight, and also affected serum lipid characteristics, including triglyceride, cholesterol (CHOL), and high- and low-density lipoprotein CHOL (HDL-C, LDL-C) concentrations. In addition, EGCG increased the excretion of free fatty acids from feces. By measuring the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, we found that EGCG inhibited the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of de novo fatty acids (acc1, fas, scd1, c/ebpβ, pparγ, and srebp1) and increased the expression of genes associated with lipolysis (hsl) and lipid oxidization in white adipose tissue, in both the HFD and the EGCG groups. However, EGCG significantly increased the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of de novo fatty acids compared with the HFD group. Increased AMPK activity was found in both subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissues. In conclusion, EGCG can decrease obesity and epididymal white adipose tissue weight in mice, only partially via activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resource and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agricultural, Kunming, China.,Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resource and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agricultural, Kunming, China.,Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Center for Tea Processing of Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Resource and Processing in Yunnan, Ministry of Agricultural, Kunming, China
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