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Sun L, Zhu M, Wang M, Hao Y, Hao Y, Jing X, Yu H, Shi Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Yuan F, Yuan XS. Whole-brain monosynaptic inputs and outputs of leptin receptor b neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii in mice. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110693. [PMID: 37348822 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is the primary central station that integrates visceral afferent information and regulates respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and other physiological functions. Leptin receptor b (LepRb)-expressing neurons of the NTS (NTSLepRb neurons) are implicated in central respiration regulation, respiratory facilitation, and respiratory drive enhancement. Furthermore, LepRb dysfunction is involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and sleep-disordered breathing. However, the monosynaptic inputs and outputs of NTSLepRb neurons in whole-brain mapping remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the exploration of its whole-brain connection system may provide strong support for comprehensively understanding the physiological and pathological functions of NTSLepRb neurons. In the present study, we used a cell type-specific, modified rabies virus and adeno-associated virus with the Cre-loxp system to map monosynaptic inputs and outputs of NTSLepRb neurons in LepRb-Cre mice. The results showed that NTSLepRb neurons received inputs from 48 nuclei in the whole brain from five brain regions, including especially the medulla. We found that NTSLepRb neurons received inputs from nuclei associated with respiration, such as the pre-Bötzinger complex, ambiguus nucleus, and parabrachial nucleus. Interestingly, some brain areas related to cardiovascular regulation-i.e., the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and locus coeruleus-also sent a small number of inputs to NTSLepRb neurons. In addition, anterograde tracing results demonstrated that NTSLepRb neurons sent efferent projections to 15 nuclei, including the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, which are involved in regulation of energy metabolism and feeding behaviors. Quantitative statistical analysis revealed that the inputs of the whole brain to NTSLepRb neurons were significantly greater than the outputs. Our study comprehensively revealed neuronal connections of NTSLepRb neurons in the whole brain and provided a neuroanatomical basis for further research on physiological and pathological functions of NTSLepRb neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengchu Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yinchao Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yaxin Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xinyi Jing
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongxiao Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yishuo Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiang Shan Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Lamptey RNL, Sun C, Layek B, Singh J. Neurogenic Hypertension, the Blood-Brain Barrier, and the Potential Role of Targeted Nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2213. [PMID: 36768536 PMCID: PMC9916775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health concern globally. Elevated blood pressure, initiated and maintained by the brain, is defined as neurogenic hypertension (NH), which accounts for nearly half of all hypertension cases. A significant increase in angiotensin II-mediated sympathetic nervous system activity within the brain is known to be the key driving force behind NH. Blood pressure control in NH has been demonstrated through intracerebrovascular injection of agents that reduce the sympathetic influence on cardiac functions. However, traditional antihypertensive agents lack effective brain permeation, making NH management extremely challenging. Therefore, developing strategies that allow brain-targeted delivery of antihypertensives at the therapeutic level is crucial. Targeting nanotherapeutics have become popular in delivering therapeutics to hard-to-reach regions of the body, including the brain. Despite the frequent use of nanotherapeutics in other pathological conditions such as cancer, their use in hypertension has received very little attention. This review discusses the underlying pathophysiology and current management strategies for NH, as well as the potential role of targeted therapeutics in improving current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Shafei M, Hosseiniravesh M, Hojati V, Mohebbati R, Khajavirad A, Shajiee H. Effect of the non-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor of the glutamatergic system of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus on cardiovascular responses in normotensive and hydralazine-induced hypotensive rats. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:78. [DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dalmasso C, Leachman JR, Ghuneim S, Ahmed N, Schneider ER, Thibault O, Osborn JL, Loria AS. Epididymal Fat-Derived Sympathoexcitatory Signals Exacerbate Neurogenic Hypertension in Obese Male Mice Exposed to Early Life Stress. Hypertension 2021; 78:1434-1449. [PMID: 34601958 PMCID: PMC8516729 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (C.D., J.R.L., S.G., N.A., O.T., A.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Jacqueline R. Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (C.D., J.R.L., S.G., N.A., O.T., A.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Sundus Ghuneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (C.D., J.R.L., S.G., N.A., O.T., A.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (C.D., J.R.L., S.G., N.A., O.T., A.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Eve R. Schneider
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences (E.R.S., J.L.O.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (C.D., J.R.L., S.G., N.A., O.T., A.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Jeffrey L. Osborn
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences (E.R.S., J.L.O.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Analia S. Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (C.D., J.R.L., S.G., N.A., O.T., A.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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