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Zhang S, Wu Y, Lv C, Liu H, Wang Y, Dong L, Liu Y, Wang S, Jia J, Yin T. β1-blockers in the reduction of bleeding risk in patients prescribed with potent dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024; 79:15-24. [PMID: 37783287 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β1-blockers could improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease by lowering the heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial contractility. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that β1-blockers may also have the potential to reduce bleeding risk. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the association between β1-blockers and bleeding risk in the patients prescribed with potent dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS Patients with ACS or undergoing PCI treated by DAPT of ticagrelor and aspirin were consecutively recruited. Follow-up for all eligible patients was conducted for 1 year. Major bleeding outcomes were defined as events that were type ≥2 based on the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. RESULTS A total of 1,113 eligible ticagrelor-treated patients were recruited. During the 1-year follow-up interval, 142 (12.6%) patients experienced BARC ≥2 bleedings including 23 patients (2.1%) suffering BARC ≥3 bleedings, with the most common site of bleeding located in the gastrointestinal tract. β1-blockers treatment was associated with a lower risk of BARC ≥2 bleedings (11.2% vs. 23.3%, adjusted HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.62, P < 0.01). Moreover, metoprolol (11.1% vs. 23.3%, adjusted HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.83, P < 0.01) and bisoprolol (11.3% vs. 23.3%, adjusted HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.96, P = 0.04) had similar effects on the reduction of bleeding risk. CONCLUSION β1-blockers might be beneficial for the reduction of bleeding risk in potent dual antiplatelet therapy patients with ACS or undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangxun Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Dong
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Yin
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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van der Horst J, Rognant S, Hellsten Y, Aalkjær C, Jepps TA. Dynein Coordinates β2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Relaxation in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rat Mesenteric Arteries. Hypertension 2022; 79:2214-2227. [PMID: 35929419 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv)7.4 and Kv7.5 channels contribute to the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. In arteries from hypertensive rodents, the Kv7.4 channel is downregulated and function attenuated, which contributes to the reduced β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation observed in these arteries. Recently, we showed that disruption of the microtubule network, with colchicine, or inhibition of the microtubule motor protein, dynein, with ciliobrevin D, enhanced the membrane abundance and function of Kv7.4 channels in rat mesenteric arteries. This study aimed to determine whether these pharmacological compounds can improve Kv7.4 function in third-order mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, thereby restoring the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. METHODS Wire and intravital myography was performed on normotensive and hypertensive male rat mesenteric arteries and immunostaining was performed on isolated smooth muscle cells from the same arteries. RESULTS Using wire and intravital microscopy, we show that ciliobrevin D enhanced the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation by isoprenaline. This effect was inhibited partially by the Kv7 channel blocker linopirdine and was dependent on an increased functional contribution of the β2-adrenoceptor to the isoprenaline-mediated relaxation. In mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, ciliobrevin D and colchicine both improved the isoprenaline-mediated vasorelaxation and relaxation to the Kv7.2 -7.5 activator, ML213. Immunostaining confirmed ciliobrevin D enhanced the membrane abundance of Kv7.4. As well as an increase in the function of Kv7.4, the functional changes were associated with an increase in the contribution of β2-adrenoceptor following isoprenaline treatment. Immunostaining experiments showed ciliobrevin D prevented isoprenaline-mediated internalizationof the β2-adrenoceptor. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data show that colchicine and ciliobrevin D can induce a β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation in arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat as well as reinstating Kv7.4 channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer van der Horst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (J.v.d.H., Y.H.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salomé Rognant
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (J.v.d.H., Y.H.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjær
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (C.A.)
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Le Prell CG, Hughes LF, Dolan DF, Bledsoe SC. Effects of Calcitonin-Gene-Related-Peptide on Auditory Nerve Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752963. [PMID: 34869340 PMCID: PMC8633412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent neurotransmitter. Depression of sound-driven auditory brainstem response amplitude in CGRP-null mice suggests the potential for endogenous CGRP release to upregulate spontaneous and/or sound-driven auditory nerve (AN) activity. We chronically infused CGRP into the guinea pig cochlea and evaluated changes in AN activity as well as outer hair cell (OHC) function. The amplitude of both round window noise (a measure of ensemble spontaneous activity) and the synchronous whole-nerve response to sound (compound action potential, CAP) were enhanced. Lack of change in both onset adaptation and steady state amplitude of sound-evoked distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) responses indicated CGRP had no effect on OHCs, suggesting the origin of the observed changes was neural. Combined with results from the CGRP-null mice, these results appear to confirm that endogenous CGRP enhances auditory nerve activity when released by the LOC neurons. However, infusion of the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP (8–37) did not reliably influence spontaneous or sound-driven AN activity, or OHC function, results that contrast with the decreased ABR amplitude measured in CGRP-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Le Prell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Larry F Hughes
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - David F Dolan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sanford C Bledsoe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Grubb S, Lauritzen M, Aalkjær C. Brain capillary pericytes and neurovascular coupling. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 254:110893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hypoxic Conditions Promote Rhythmic Contractile Oscillations Mediated by Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Activation in Human Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052570. [PMID: 33806419 PMCID: PMC7961413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial smooth muscle exhibits rhythmic oscillatory contractions called vasomotion and believed to be a protective mechanism against tissue hypoperfusion or hypoxia. Oscillations of vascular tone depend on voltage and follow oscillations of the membrane potential. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells, have also been evidenced both in animal and human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). For example, they contribute to arterial contraction in rats, but their physiopathological relevance has not been established in human vessels. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of Nav in the human artery. Experiments were performed on human uterine arteries obtained after hysterectomy and on SMCs dissociated from these arteries. In SMCs, we recorded a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and fast inactivating voltage-dependent INa current. Various Nav genes, encoding α-subunit isoforms sensitive (Nav 1.2; 1.3; 1.7) and resistant (Nav 1.5) to TTX, were detected both in arterial tissue and in SMCs. Nav channels immunostaining showed uniform distribution in SMCs and endothelial cells. On arterial tissue, we recorded variations of isometric tension, ex vivo, in response to various agonists and antagonists. In arterial rings placed under hypoxic conditions, the depolarizing agent KCl and veratridine, a specific Nav channels agonist, both induced a sustained contraction overlaid with rhythmic oscillations of tension. After suppression of sympathetic control either by blocking the release of catecholamine or by antagonizing the target adrenergic response, rhythmic activity persisted while the sustained contraction was abolished. This rhythmic activity of the arteries was suppressed by TTX but, in contrast, only attenuated by antagonists of calcium channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, Na+/K+-ATPase and the cardiac Nav channel. These results highlight the role of Nav as a novel key element in the vasomotion of human arteries. Hypoxia promotes activation of Nav channels involved in the initiation of rhythmic oscillatory contractile activity.
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Aalkjær C, Nilsson H, De Mey JGR. Sympathetic and Sensory-Motor Nerves in Peripheral Small Arteries. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:495-544. [PMID: 33270533 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small arteries, which play important roles in controlling blood flow, blood pressure, and capillary pressure, are under nervous influence. Their innervation is predominantly sympathetic and sensory motor in nature, and while some arteries are densely innervated, others are only sparsely so. Innervation of small arteries is a key mechanism in regulating vascular resistance. In the second half of the previous century, the physiology and pharmacology of this innervation were very actively investigated. In the past 10-20 yr, the activity in this field was more limited. With this review we highlight what has been learned during recent years with respect to development of small arteries and their innervation, some aspects of excitation-release coupling, interaction between sympathetic and sensory-motor nerves, cross talk between endothelium and vascular nerves, and some aspects of their role in vascular inflammation and hypertension. We also highlight what remains to be investigated to further increase our understanding of this fundamental aspect of vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department Physiology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jo G R De Mey
- Deptartment Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Xavier FE. Nitrergic perivascular innervation in health and diseases: Focus on vascular tone regulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13484. [PMID: 32336027 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, the vascular tone was considered to be regulated exclusively by tonic innervation of vasoconstrictor adrenergic nerves. However, accumulating experimental evidence has revealed the existence of nerves mediating vasodilatation, including perivascular nitrergic nerves (PNN), in a wide variety of mammalian species. Functioning of nitrergic vasodilator nerves is evidenced in several territories, including cerebral, mesenteric, pulmonary, renal, penile, uterine and cutaneous arteries. Nitric oxide (NO) is the main neurogenic vasodilator in cerebral arteries and acts as a counter-regulatory mechanism for adrenergic vasoconstriction in other vascular territories. In the penis, NO relaxes the vascular and cavernous smooth muscles leading to penile erection. Furthermore, when interacting with other perivascular nerves, NO can act as a neuromodulator. PNN dysfunction is involved in the genesis and maintenance of vascular disorders associated with arterial and portal hypertension, diabetes, ageing, obesity, cirrhosis and hormonal changes. For example defective nitrergic function contributes to enhanced sympathetic neurotransmission, vasoconstriction and blood pressure in some animal models of hypertension. In diabetic animals and humans, dysfunctional nitrergic neurotransmission in the corpus cavernosum is associated with erectile dysfunction. However, in some vascular beds of hypertensive and diabetic animals, an increased PNN function has been described as a compensatory mechanism to the increased vascular resistance. The present review summarizes current understanding on the role of PNN in control of vascular tone, its alterations under different conditions and the associated mechanisms. The knowledge of these changes can serve to better understand the mechanisms involved in these disorders and help in planning new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano E. Xavier
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
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Ladek AM, Trost A, Bruckner D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Lenzhofer M, Reitsamer HA, Strohmaier CA. Immunohistochemical Characterization of Neurotransmitters in the Episcleral Circulation in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3215-3220. [PMID: 31335947 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) greatly influences steady-state IOP and recent evidence suggests a neuronal influence on EVP. Yet little is known about the innervation of the episcleral circulation and, more specifically, the neurotransmitters involved. We identify possible neurotransmitter candidates in the episcleral circulation of rats. Methods Eight immersion-fixated rat eyes taken from four animals were cut into serial sections, followed by standard immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against choline acetyltransferase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, synaptophysine, PGP 9.5, VIP, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), substance P, CGRP, and galanin were used. Additionally, colocalization experiments with smooth muscle actin and neurofilament (200 kDa) were performed. Results In all specimens, the episcleral vessels showed immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and were reached by neurofilament (200 kDa)-positive structures. Furthermore, these structures colocalized with immunoreactivity for PGP 9.5, synaptophysine, choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), dopamine-β-hydroxylase, VIP, CGRP, nNOS, substance P and galanin. Conclusions These findings indicate that there is neuronal input to the episcleral circulation. ChAT and VIP as well as dopamine-β-hydroxylase suggest parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. Further studies are needed on whether the positively-stained structures are of functional significance for the regulation of the episcleral venous pressure and thereby IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maria Ladek
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Trost
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Bruckner
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Lenzhofer
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Anton Reitsamer
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Clemens A Strohmaier
- Department of Ophthalmology/Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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Neurovascular Effects of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Sympathetic-Sensory Communication. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 75:18-20. [PMID: 31688349 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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