1
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Wang G, Gu Y, Liu Z. Deciphering the genetic interactions between Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 in maintaining mouse cochlear hair cell survival. eLife 2024; 12:RP90025. [PMID: 38483314 PMCID: PMC10939501 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammals harbor a limited number of sound-receptor hair cells (HCs) that cannot be regenerated after damage. Thus, investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms that maintain HC survival is crucial for preventing hearing impairment. Intriguingly, Pou4f3-/- or Gfi1-/- HCs form initially but then rapidly degenerate, whereas Rbm24-/- HCs degenerate considerably later. However, the transcriptional cascades involving Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 remain undescribed. Here, we demonstrate that Rbm24 expression is completely repressed in Pou4f3-/- HCs but unaltered in Gfi1-/- HCs, and further that the expression of both POU4F3 and GFI1 is intact in Rbm24-/- HCs. Moreover, by using in vivo mouse transgenic reporter assays, we identify three Rbm24 enhancers to which POU4F3 binds. Lastly, through in vivo genetic testing of whether Rbm24 restoration alleviates the degeneration of Pou4f3-/- HCs, we show that ectopic Rbm24 alone cannot prevent Pou4f3-/- HCs from degenerating. Collectively, our findings provide new molecular and genetic insights into how HC survival is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunpeng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
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2
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Wang SX, Streit A. Shared features in ear and kidney development - implications for oto-renal syndromes. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050447. [PMID: 38353121 PMCID: PMC10886756 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between ear and kidney anomalies has long been recognized. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, embryonic development of the inner ear and kidney has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the developmental pathways shared between both organs with particular emphasis on the genes that regulate signalling cross talk and the specification of progenitor cells and specialised cell types. We relate this to the clinical features of oto-renal syndromes and explore links to developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Xiaoyan Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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3
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Blinkiewicz PV, Long MR, Stoner ZA, Ketchum EM, Sheltz-Kempf SN, Duncan JS. Gata3 is required in late proneurosensory development for proper sensory cell formation and organization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12573. [PMID: 37537240 PMCID: PMC10400699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that the zinc-finger transcription factor Gata3 has dynamic expression within the inner ear throughout embryonic development and is essential for cochlear neurosensory development. However, the temporal window for which Gata3 is required for proper formation of the cochlear neurosensory epithelia remains unclear. To investigate the role of Gata3 in cochlear neurosensory development in the late prosensory stages, we used the Sox2-creERT2 mouse line to target and conditionally delete Gata3 at E11.5, a timepoint before cells have fully committed to a neurosensory fate. While the inner ears of Sox2-creERT2: Gata3 f/f mice appear normal with no gross structural defects, the sensory cells in the organ of Corti are partially lost and disorganized in an increasing severity from base to apex. Additionally, spiral ganglion neurons display aberrant peripheral projections, including increased distances between radial bundles and disorganization upon reaching the organ of Corti. Furthermore, heterozygous Sox2-creERT2: Gata3 f/+ mice show a reduced aberrant phenotype in comparison to the homozygous mutant, supporting the hypothesis that Gata3 is not only required for proper formation at the later proneurosensory stage, but also that a specific expression level of Gata3 is required. Therefore, this study provides evidence that Gata3 plays a time-sensitive and dose-dependent role in the development of sensory and neuronal cells in late proneurosensory stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige V Blinkiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Makayla R Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Zachary A Stoner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
- Section On Sensory Cell Regeneration and Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Ketchum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | | | - Jeremy S Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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4
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Moore ST, Nakamura T, Nie J, Solivais AJ, Aristizábal-Ramírez I, Ueda Y, Manikandan M, Reddy VS, Romano DR, Hoffman JR, Perrin BJ, Nelson RF, Frolenkov GI, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Hashino E. Generating high-fidelity cochlear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:950-961.e7. [PMID: 37419105 PMCID: PMC10695300 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive hair cells in the cochlea are responsible for hearing but are vulnerable to damage by genetic mutations and environmental insults. The paucity of human cochlear tissues makes it difficult to study cochlear hair cells. Organoids offer a compelling platform to study scarce tissues in vitro; however, derivation of cochlear cell types has proven non-trivial. Here, using 3D cultures of human pluripotent stem cells, we sought to replicate key differentiation cues of cochlear specification. We found that timed modulations of Sonic Hedgehog and WNT signaling promote ventral gene expression in otic progenitors. Ventralized otic progenitors subsequently give rise to elaborately patterned epithelia containing hair cells with morphology, marker expression, and functional properties consistent with both outer and inner hair cells in the cochlea. These results suggest that early morphogenic cues are sufficient to drive cochlear induction and establish an unprecedented system to model the human auditory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander J Solivais
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Yoshitomo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mayakannan Manikandan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - V Shweta Reddy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel R Romano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John R Hoffman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Perrin
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rick F Nelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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5
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Blinkiewicz PV, Long MR, Stoner ZA, Ketchum EM, Sheltz-Kempf SN, Duncan JS. Gata3 is Required in Late Proneurosensory Development for Proper Sensory Cell Formation and Organization. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2747944. [PMID: 37090645 PMCID: PMC10120746 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2747944/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that zinc-finger transcription factor Gata3 has dynamic expression within the inner ear throughout embryonic development and is essential for cochlear neurosensory development. However, the temporal window to which Gata3 is required for the formation of the cochlear neurosensory epithelia remains unclear. To investigate the role of Gata3 on cochlear neurosensory development in the late prosensory stages, we used the Sox2-cre ERT2 mouse line to target and conditionally delete Gata3 at E11.5 before the cells have fully committed to a neurosensory fate. While the inner ears of Sox2-cre ERT2 : Gata3 f/f mice appear morphologically normal, the sensory cells in the organ of Corti are partially lost and disorganized in a basal to apical gradient with the apex demonstrating the more severe phenotype. Additionally, spiral ganglion neurons display aberrant peripheral projections, such as increased distances between radial bundles and disorganization upon reaching the organ of Corti. Furthermore, heterozygous Sox2-cre ERT2 : Gata3 f/+ mice show a reduced phenotype in comparison to the homozygous mutant, supporting the concept that Gata3 is not only required for proper formation at the later proneurosensory stage, but also that a specific level of Gata3 is required. Therefore, our studies confirm that Gata3 plays a time-sensitive and dose-dependent role in the development of sensory cells in the late proneurosensory stages.
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6
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Stepping Stone to In Vitro Human Models of Hearing Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203331. [PMID: 36291196 PMCID: PMC9600035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most prevalent sensorineural impairment in humans. Yet despite very active research, no effective therapy other than the cochlear implant has reached the clinic. Main reasons for this failure are the multifactorial nature of the disorder, its heterogeneity, and a late onset that hinders the identification of etiological factors. Another problem is the lack of human samples such that practically all the work has been conducted on animals. Although highly valuable data have been obtained from such models, there is the risk that inter-species differences exist that may compromise the relevance of the gathered data. Human-based models are therefore direly needed. The irruption of human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in the field of hearing research offers the possibility to generate an array of otic cell models of human origin; these may enable the identification of guiding signalling cues during inner ear development and of the mechanisms that lead from genetic alterations to pathology. These models will also be extremely valuable when conducting ototoxicity analyses and when exploring new avenues towards regeneration in the inner ear. This review summarises some of the work that has already been conducted with these cells and contemplates future possibilities.
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7
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Spaiardi P, Marcotti W, Masetto S, Johnson SL. Signal transmission in mature mammalian vestibular hair cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:806913. [PMID: 35936492 PMCID: PMC9353129 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.806913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of balance and gaze relies on the faithful and rapid signaling of head movements to the brain. In mammals, vestibular organs contain two types of sensory hair cells, type-I and type-II, which convert the head motion-induced movement of their hair bundles into a graded receptor potential that drives action potential activity in their afferent fibers. While signal transmission in both hair cell types involves Ca2+-dependent quantal release of glutamate at ribbon synapses, type-I cells appear to also exhibit a non-quantal mechanism that is believed to increase transmission speed. However, the reliance of mature type-I hair cells on non-quantal transmission remains unknown. Here we investigated synaptic transmission in mammalian utricular hair cells using patch-clamp recording of Ca2+ currents and changes in membrane capacitance (ΔCm). We found that mature type-II hair cells showed robust exocytosis with a high-order dependence on Ca2+ entry. By contrast, exocytosis was approximately 10 times smaller in type-I hair cells. Synaptic vesicle exocytosis was largely absent in mature vestibular hair cells of CaV1.3 (CaV1.3−/−) and otoferlin (Otof−/−) knockout mice. Even though Ca2+-dependent exocytosis was small in type-I hair cells of wild-type mice, or absent in CaV1.3−/− and Otof−/−mice, these cells were able to drive action potential activity in the postsynaptic calyces. This supports a functional role for non-quantal synaptic transmission in type-I cells. The large vesicle pools in type-II cells would facilitate sustained transmission of tonic or low-frequency signals. In type-I cells, the restricted vesicle pool size, together with a rapid non-quantal mechanism, could allow them to sustain high-frequency phasic signal transmission at their specialized large calyceal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Walter Marcotti
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Masetto
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stuart L. Johnson
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Stuart L. Johnson
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8
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Collier A, Liu A, Torkelson J, Pattison J, Gaddam S, Zhen H, Patel T, McCarthy K, Ghanim H, Oro AE. Gibbin mesodermal regulation patterns epithelial development. Nature 2022; 606:188-196. [PMID: 35585237 PMCID: PMC9202145 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper ectodermal patterning during human development requires previously identified transcription factors such as GATA3 and p63, as well as positional signalling from regional mesoderm1-6. However, the mechanism by which ectoderm and mesoderm factors act to stably pattern gene expression and lineage commitment remains unclear. Here we identify the protein Gibbin, encoded by the Xia-Gibbs AT-hook DNA-binding-motif-containing 1 (AHDC1) disease gene7-9, as a key regulator of early epithelial morphogenesis. We find that enhancer- or promoter-bound Gibbin interacts with dozens of sequence-specific zinc-finger transcription factors and methyl-CpG-binding proteins to regulate the expression of mesoderm genes. The loss of Gibbin causes an increase in DNA methylation at GATA3-dependent mesodermal genes, resulting in a loss of signalling between developing dermal and epidermal cell types. Notably, Gibbin-mutant human embryonic stem-cell-derived skin organoids lack dermal maturation, resulting in p63-expressing basal cells that possess defective keratinocyte stratification. In vivo chimeric CRISPR mouse mutants reveal a spectrum of Gibbin-dependent developmental patterning defects affecting craniofacial structure, abdominal wall closure and epidermal stratification that mirror patient phenotypes. Our results indicate that the patterning phenotypes seen in Xia-Gibbs and related syndromes derive from abnormal mesoderm maturation as a result of gene-specific DNA methylation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Collier
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Torkelson
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jillian Pattison
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Zhen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Patel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly McCarthy
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hana Ghanim
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Wen J, Song J, Bai Y, Liu Y, Cai X, Mei L, Ma L, He C, Feng Y. A Model of Waardenburg Syndrome Using Patient-Derived iPSCs With a SOX10 Mutation Displays Compromised Maturation and Function of the Neural Crest That Involves Inner Ear Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720858. [PMID: 34426786 PMCID: PMC8379019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation. SOX10 is one of its main pathogenicity genes. The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an efficient means to investigate the mechanisms of inherited human disease. In our work, we set up an iPSC line derived from a WS patient with SOX10 mutation and differentiated into neural crest cells (NCCs), a key cell type involved in inner ear development. Compared with control-derived iPSCs, the SOX10 mutant iPSCs showed significantly decreased efficiency of development and differentiation potential at the stage of NCCs. After that, we carried out high-throughput RNA-seq and evaluated the transcriptional misregulation at every stage. Transcriptome analysis of differentiated NCCs showed widespread gene expression alterations, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in gene ontology terms of neuron migration, skeletal system development, and multicellular organism development, indicating that SOX10 has a pivotal part in the differentiation of NCCs. It's worth noting that, a significant enrichment among the nominal DEGs for genes implicated in inner ear development was found, as well as several genes connected to the inner ear morphogenesis. Based on the protein-protein interaction network, we chose four candidate genes that could be regulated by SOX10 in inner ear development, namely, BMP2, LGR5, GBX2, and GATA3. In conclusion, SOX10 deficiency in this WS subject had a significant impact on the gene expression patterns throughout NCC development in the iPSC model. The DEGs most significantly enriched in inner ear development and morphogenesis may assist in identifying the underlying basis for the inner ear malformation in subjects with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijiang Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinzhang Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyun Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Chufeng He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
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10
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Xu J, Yu D, Dong X, Xie X, Xu M, Guo L, Huang L, Tang Q, Gan L. GATA3 maintains the quiescent state of cochlear supporting cells by regulating p27 kip1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15779. [PMID: 34349220 PMCID: PMC8338922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Haplo-insufficiency of the GATA3 gene causes hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, and renal disease (HDR) syndrome. Previous studies have shown that Gata3 is required for the development of the prosensory domain and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the mouse cochlea during embryogenesis. However, its role in supporting cells (SCs) after cell fate specification is largely unknown. In this study, we used tamoxifen-inducible Sox2CreERT2 mice to delete Gata3 in SCs of the neonatal mouse cochlea and showed that loss of Gata3 resulted in the proliferation of SCs, including the inner pillar cells (IPCs), inner border cells (IBCs), and lateral greater epithelium ridge (GER). In addition, loss of Gata3 resulted in the down-regulation of p27kip1, a cell cycle inhibitor, in the SCs of Gata3-CKO neonatal cochleae. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that GATA3 directly binds to p27kip1 promoter and could maintain the quiescent state of cochlear SCs by regulating p27kip1 expression. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that loss of Gata3 function resulted in the change in the expression of genes essential for the development and function of cochlear SCs, including Tectb, Cyp26b1, Slitrk6, Ano1, and Aqp4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dongliang Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Luming Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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11
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POU4F3 pioneer activity enables ATOH1 to drive diverse mechanoreceptor differentiation through a feed-forward epigenetic mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105137118. [PMID: 34266958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105137118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, hierarchical cascades of transcription factors interact with lineage-specific chromatin structures to control the sequential steps in the differentiation of specialized cell types. While examples of transcription factor cascades have been well documented, the mechanisms underlying developmental changes in accessibility of cell type-specific enhancers remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcriptional "master regulator" ATOH1-which is necessary for the differentiation of two distinct mechanoreceptor cell types, hair cells in the inner ear and Merkel cells of the epidermis-is unable to access much of its target enhancer network in the progenitor populations of either cell type when it first appears, imposing a block to further differentiation. This block is overcome by a feed-forward mechanism in which ATOH1 first stimulates expression of POU4F3, which subsequently acts as a pioneer factor to provide access to closed ATOH1 enhancers, allowing hair cell and Merkel cell differentiation to proceed. Our analysis also indicates the presence of both shared and divergent ATOH1/POU4F3-dependent enhancer networks in hair cells and Merkel cells. These cells share a deep developmental lineage relationship, deriving from their common epidermal origin, and suggesting that this feed-forward mechanism preceded the evolutionary divergence of these very different mechanoreceptive cell types.
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12
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Chen Y, Gu Y, Li Y, Li GL, Chai R, Li W, Li H. Generation of mature and functional hair cells by co-expression of Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Atoh1 in the postnatal mouse cochlea. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109016. [PMID: 33882317 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea cannot regenerate functional hair cells (HCs) spontaneously. Atoh1 overexpression as well as other strategies are unable to generate functional HCs. Here, we simultaneously upregulated the expression of Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Atoh1 in postnatal cochlear supporting cells (SCs) in vivo, which efficiently converted SCs into HCs. The newly regenerated HCs expressed HC markers Myo7a, Calbindin, Parvalbumin, and Ctbp2 and were innervated by neurites. Importantly, many new HCs expressed the mature and terminal marker Prestin or vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (vGlut3), depending on the subtypes of the source SCs. Finally, our patch-clamp analysis showed that the new HCs in the medial region acquired a large K+ current, fired spikes transiently, and exhibited signature refinement of ribbon synapse functions, in close resemblance to native wild-type inner HCs. We demonstrated that co-upregulating Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Atoh1 enhances the efficiency of HC generation and promotes the functional maturation of new HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuyan Gu
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yige Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Jeng JY, Carlton A, Johnson SL, Brown SDM, Holley MC, Bowl MR, Marcotti W. Biophysical and morphological changes in inner hair cells and their efferent innervation in the ageing mouse cochlea. J Physiol 2021; 599:269-287. [PMID: 33179774 PMCID: PMC7612127 DOI: 10.1113/jp280256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Age-related hearing loss is a progressive hearing loss involving environmental and genetic factors, leading to a decrease in hearing sensitivity, threshold and speech discrimination. We compared age-related changes in inner hair cells (IHCs) between four mouse strains with different levels of progressive hearing loss. The surface area of apical coil IHCs (9-12 kHz cochlear region) decreases by about 30-40% with age. The number of BK channels progressively decreases with age in the IHCs from most mouse strains, but the basolateral membrane current profile remains unchanged. The mechanoelectrical transducer current is smaller in mice harbouring the hypomorphic Cdh23 allele Cdh23ahl (C57BL/6J; C57BL/6NTac), but not in Cdh23-repaired mice (C57BL/6NTacCdh23+ ), indicating that it could contribute to the different progression of hearing loss among mouse strains. The degree of efferent rewiring onto aged IHCs, most likely coming from the lateral olivocochlea fibres, was correlated with hearing loss in the different mouse strains. ABSTRACT Inner hair cells (IHCs) are the primary sensory receptors of the mammalian cochlea, transducing acoustic information into electrical signals that are relayed to the afferent neurons. Functional changes in IHCs are a potential cause of age-related hearing loss. Here, we have investigated the functional characteristics of IHCs from early-onset hearing loss mice harbouring the allele Cdh23ahl (C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NTac), from late-onset hearing loss mice (C3H/HeJ), and from mice corrected for the Cdh23ahl mutation (C57BL/6NTacCdh23+ ) with an intermediate hearing phenotype. There was no significant loss of IHCs in the 9-12 kHz cochlear region up to at least 15 months of age, but their surface area decreased progressively by 30-40% starting from ∼6 months of age. Although the size of the BK current decreased with age, IHCs retained a normal KCNQ4 current and resting membrane potential. These basolateral membrane changes were most severe for C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NTac, less so for C57BL/6NTacCdh23+ and minimal or absent in C3H/HeJ mice. We also found that lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent fibres re-form functional axon-somatic connections with aged IHCs, but this was seen only sporadically in C3H/HeJ mice. The efferent post-synaptic SK2 channels appear prior to the establishment of the efferent contacts, suggesting that IHCs may play a direct role in re-establishing the LOC-IHC synapses. Finally, we showed that the size of the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) current from IHCs decreased significantly with age in mice harbouring the Cdh23ahl allele but not in C57BL/6NTacCdh23+ mice, indicating that the MET apparatus directly contributes to the progression of age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Jeng
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Adam Carlton
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart L. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Steve D. M. Brown
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Matthew C. Holley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael R. Bowl
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Walter Marcotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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14
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Ghosh S, Lewis MB, Walters BJ. Comparison of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and rapid decalcificier solution for studying human temporal bones by immunofluorescence. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:919-927. [PMID: 33134540 PMCID: PMC7585256 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pervasiveness of hearing loss and the development of new potential therapeutic approaches have led to increased animal studies of the inner ear. However, translational relevance of such studies depends upon verification of protein localization data in human samples. Cadavers used for anatomical education provide a potential research resource, but are limiting due to difficulties in accessing sensory tissues from the dense temporal bones. This study seeks to reduce the often months-long process of decalcification and improve immunofluorescent staining of human cadaveric temporal bones for research use. METHODS Temporal bones were decalcified in either (a) hydrochloric acid-containing RDO solution for 2 days followed by 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 to 5 additional days, or (b) 0.5 M EDTA alone for 2 to 4 weeks. Image-iT FX signal enhancer (ISE) was used to improve immunofluorescent signal-to-noise ratios. RESULTS The data indicate that both methods speed decalcification and allow for immunolabeling of the extranuclear proteins neurofilament (heavy chain), myosin VIIa, oncomodulin and prestin. However, RDO decalcification was more likely to alter structural morphology of sensory tissues and hindered effective labeling of the nuclear proteins SRY-box transcription factor 2 and GATA binding protein 3. CONCLUSIONS Although both approaches allow for rapid decalcification, EDTA appears superior to RDO for preserving cytoarchitecture and immunogenicity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Ghosh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical SciencesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Mark B. Lewis
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical SciencesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Bradley J. Walters
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical SciencesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
- Department Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
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15
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Menendez L, Trecek T, Gopalakrishnan S, Tao L, Markowitz AL, Yu HV, Wang X, Llamas J, Huang C, Lee J, Kalluri R, Ichida J, Segil N. Generation of inner ear hair cells by direct lineage conversion of primary somatic cells. eLife 2020; 9:e55249. [PMID: 32602462 PMCID: PMC7326493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanoreceptive sensory hair cells in the inner ear are selectively vulnerable to numerous genetic and environmental insults. In mammals, hair cells lack regenerative capacity, and their death leads to permanent hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Their paucity and inaccessibility has limited the search for otoprotective and regenerative strategies. Growing hair cells in vitro would provide a route to overcome this experimental bottleneck. We report a combination of four transcription factors (Six1, Atoh1, Pou4f3, and Gfi1) that can convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts, adult tail-tip fibroblasts and postnatal supporting cells into induced hair cell-like cells (iHCs). iHCs exhibit hair cell-like morphology, transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles, electrophysiological properties, mechanosensory channel expression, and vulnerability to ototoxin in a high-content phenotypic screening system. Thus, direct reprogramming provides a platform to identify causes and treatments for hair cell loss, and may help identify future gene therapy approaches for restoring hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Menendez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Talon Trecek
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Suhasni Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Litao Tao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alexander L Markowitz
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Haoze V Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Xizi Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Juan Llamas
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | | | - James Lee
- DRVision TechnologiesBellevueUnited States
| | - Radha Kalluri
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Justin Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Segil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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16
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Lemos MC, Thakker RV. Hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia syndrome: 20 Years after the identification of the first GATA3 mutations. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1341-1350. [PMID: 32442337 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of the GATA3 gene. In the last 20 years, since the identification of the genetic cause of the HDR syndrome, GATA3 mutations have been reported in 124 families (177 patients). The clinical aspects and molecular genetics of the HDR syndrome are reviewed here together with the reported mutations and phenotypes. Reported mutations consist of 40% frameshift deletions or insertions, 23% missense mutations, 14% nonsense mutations, 6% splice-site mutations, 1% in-frame deletions or insertions, 15% whole-gene deletions, and 1% whole-gene duplication. Missense mutations were found to cluster in the regions encoding the two GATA3 zinc-finger domains. Patients showed great clinical variability and the penetrance of each HDR defect increased with age. The most frequently observed abnormality was deafness (93%), followed by hypoparathyroidism (87%) and renal defects (61%). The mean age of diagnosis of HDR was 15.3, 7.5, and 14.0 years, respectively. However, patients with whole-gene deletions and protein-truncating mutations were diagnosed earlier than patients with missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Rao TN, Kumar S, Pulikkottil AJ, Oliveri F, Hendriks RW, Beckel F, Fehling HJ. Novel, Non-Gene-Destructive Knock-In Reporter Mice Refute the Concept of Monoallelic Gata3 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2600-2611. [PMID: 32213568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurately tuned expression levels of the transcription factor GATA-3 are crucial at several stages of T cell and innate lymphoid cell development and differentiation. Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that Gata3 expression might provide a reliable molecular marker for the identification of elusive progenitor cell subsets at the earliest stages of T lineage commitment. To be able to faithfully monitor Gata3 expression noninvasively at the single-cell level, we have generated a novel strain of knock-in reporter mice, termed GATIR, by inserting an expression cassette encoding a bright fluorescent marker into the 3'-untranslated region of the endogenous Gata3 locus. Importantly, in contrast to three previously published strains of Gata3 reporter mice, GATIR mice preserve physiological Gata3 expression on the targeted allele. In this study, we show that GATIR mice faithfully reflect endogenous Gata3 expression without disturbing the development of GATA-3-dependent lymphoid cell populations. We further show that GATIR mice provide an ideal tool for noninvasive monitoring of Th2 polarization and straightforward identification of innate lymphoid cell 2 progenitor populations. Finally, as our reporter is non-gene-destructive, GATIR mice can be bred to homozygosity, not feasible with previously published strains of Gata3 reporter mice harboring disrupted alleles. The availability of hetero- and homozygous Gata3 reporter mice with an exceptionally bright fluorescent marker, allowed us to visualize allelic Gata3 expression in individual cells simply by flow cytometry. The unambiguous results obtained provide compelling evidence against previously postulated monoallelic Gata3 expression in early T lineage and hematopoietic stem cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; and
| | | | - Franziska Oliveri
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Beckel
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; and
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18
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Yu S, Chen W, Lu W, Chen C, Ni Y, Duan B, Wang B, Wang H, Xu Z. Novel heterozygous GATA3 and SLC34A3 variants in a 6-year-old boy with Barakat syndrome and hypercalciuria. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1222. [PMID: 32155322 PMCID: PMC7216807 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barakat syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the triad of hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal anomalies and is caused by mutations in GATA3 gene. SLC34A3 is the cause gene of hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, and heterozygous carriers may have milder clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying genetic cause of a patient who initially presented with renal failure, hypercalciuria, kidney stone, and bilateral sensorineural deafness. METHODS A 6-year-old boy with complex clinical presentations was investigated. Comprehensive medical evaluations were performed including auditory function tests, endocrine function tests, metabolic studies, and imaging examinations. Molecular diagnoses were analyzed by trio whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS One novel de novo deleterious variant (c. 324del) of the GATA3 gene was identified in the patient. The patient can be diagnosed with Barakat syndrome. In addition, one novel variant (c. 589A>G) of the SLC34A3 gene was detected, which was inherited from the father. This heterozygous variant can explain the hypercalciuria and kidney stone that occurred in both the patient and his father. CONCLUSION This study provides a special case which is phenotype-driven dual diagnoses, and the two novel variants can parsimoniously explain the complex clinical presentations of this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Center for Molecular MedicinePediatrics Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐xia Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Lu
- Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic DiseasesChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yihua Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huijun Wang
- Center for Molecular MedicinePediatrics Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng‐min Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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