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Bai I, Keyser C, Zhang Z, Rosolia B, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Yan J. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1322842. [PMID: 38455054 PMCID: PMC10918468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1322842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular mechanism that enables the degradation and recycling of cellular organelles and proteins via the lysosomal pathway. In neurodevelopment and maintenance of neuronal homeostasis, autophagy is required to regulate presynaptic functions, synapse remodeling, and synaptic plasticity. Deficiency of autophagy has been shown to underlie the synaptic and behavioral deficits of many neurological diseases such as autism, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence reveals that dysregulated autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation, a common pathological feature in many neurological disorders leading to defective synaptic morphology and plasticity. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of autophagy and its effects on synapses and neuroinflammation, with emphasis on how autophagy is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms under healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Bai
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cameron Keyser
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Breandan Rosolia
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jee-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R. Suzanne Zukin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Shang Q, Bian X, Zhu L, Liu J, Wu M, Lou S. Lactate Mediates High-Intensity Interval Training-Induced Promotion of Hippocampal Mitochondrial Function through the GPR81-ERK1/2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2087. [PMID: 38136207 PMCID: PMC10740508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion are essential for maintaining healthy mitochondria and ATP production. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can enhance mitochondrial function in mouse hippocampi, but its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Lactate generated during HIIT may mediate the beneficial effects of HIIT on neuroplasticity by activating the lactate receptor GPR81. Furthermore, growing evidence shows that lactate contributes to mitochondrial function. Given that mitochondrial function is crucial for cerebral physiological processes, the current study aimed to determine the mechanism of HIIT in hippocampal mitochondrial function. In vivo, GPR81 was knocked down in the hippocampi of mice via the injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The GPR81-knockdown mice were subjected to HIIT. The results demonstrated that HIIT increased mitochondria numbers, ATP production, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the hippocampi of mice. In addition, HIIT induced mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, synaptic plasticity, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation but not in GPR81-knockdown mice. In vitro, Neuro-2A cells were treated with L-lactate, a GPR81 agonist, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor. The results showed that both L-lactate and the GPR81 agonist increased mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, ATP levels, OXPHOS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and synaptic plasticity. However, the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation blunted L-lactate or the GPR81 agonist-induced promotion of mitochondrial function and synaptic plasticity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that lactate mediates HIIT-induced promotion of mitochondrial function through the GPR81-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Xuepeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Lutao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
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Zhvania M, Japaridze N, Tizabi Y, Lomidze N, Pochkhidze N, Rzayev F, Gasimov E. Differential effects of aging on hippocampal ultrastructure in male vs. female rats. Biogerontology 2023; 24:925-935. [PMID: 37515624 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Age-related decline in physical and cognitive functions are facts of life that do not affect everyone to the same extent. We had reported earlier that such cognitive decline is both sex- and context-dependent. Moreover, age-associated ultrastructural changes were observed in the hippocampus of male rats. In this study, we sought to determine potential differences in ultrastructural changes between male and female rats at various stages of life. We performed quantitative electron microscopic evaluation of hippocampal CA1 region, an area intimately involved in cognitive behavior, in both male and female adolescent, adult and old Wistar rats. Specifically, we measured the number of docking synaptic vesicles in axo-dendritic synapses, the length of active zone as well as the total number of synaptic vesicles. Distinct age- and sex-dependent effects were observed in several parameters. Thus, adult female rats had the lowest synaptic active zone compared to both adolescent and old female rats. Moreover, the same parameter was significantly lower in adult and old female rats compared to their male counterparts. On the other hand, old male rats had significantly lower number of total synaptic vesicles compared to both adolescent and adult male rats as well as compared to their female counterparts. Taken together, it may be suggested that age- and sex-dependent ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus may underlie at least some of the differences in cognitive functions among these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzia Zhvania
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Nadezhda Japaridze
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- New Vision University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nino Lomidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Pochkhidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fuad Rzayev
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Eldar Gasimov
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Wang S, Ichinomiya T, Savchenko P, Devulapalli S, Wang D, Beltz G, Saito T, Saido TC, Wagner SL, Patel HH, Head BP. Age-Dependent Behavioral and Metabolic Assessment of App NL-G-F/NL-G-F Knock-in (KI) Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:909989. [PMID: 35966019 PMCID: PMC9373872 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.909989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression. Traditional transgenic AD mouse models which were widely used in the past decades share a common limitation: The overexpression of APP and overproduction of amyloid-beta (Aβ) are accompanied by other APP peptide fragments, which could introduce artificial and non-clinically relevant phenotypes. Here, we performed an in-depth and time-resolved behavioral and metabolic characterization of a clinically relevant AD mouse model engineered to express normal physiological levels of APP harboring humanized Swedish (K670N/M671L), Beyreuther/Iberian (I716F), and Arctic (E693G) mutations (App NL-G-F/NL-G-F ), termed APP knock-in (APPKI) mice. Our result showed that APPKI mice exhibited fear learning deficits at 6-m age and contextual memory deficit at 12-m age. Histopathological analysis revealed mild amyloidosis (6E10) accompanied by microgliosis (Iba1) as early as 3 months, which progressed significantly together with significant astrocytosis at 6 and 12 m. We further analyzed hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction by multiple assays, while 3-m APPKI mice brain mitochondrial function remains a similar level as WT mice. Significant mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by decreased ATP production and higher membrane potential with subsequent overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in mitochondria isolated from 7-m APPKI mice hippocampal tissue. Morphologically, these mitochondria were larger in volume with a decreased level of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin-2 (MFN2). At 12 months, APPKI mice exhibit a significantly decreased total mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in isolated hippocampal mitochondria detected by high-resolution respirometry. These data indicate early mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain at pre-symptomatic age in the App NL-G-F/NL-G-mice, which may play a key role in the progression of the disease. Moreover, the identified behavioral and bioenergetic alterations in this clinically relevant AD mouse model provide a valuable tool to optimize the temporal component for therapeutic interventions to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Taiga Ichinomiya
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Paul Savchenko
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Swetha Devulapalli
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gianna Beltz
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Steve L. Wagner
- Neurosciences Department, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brian P. Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Brian P. Head
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