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Zhou D, Shi Y, Zhang D, Zuo J, Zeng C, Mamtawla G, Huang L, Gao X, Zhang L, Wang X. Liver-secreted FGF21 induces sarcopenia by inhibiting satellite cell myogenesis via klotho beta in decompensated cirrhosis. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103333. [PMID: 39226764 PMCID: PMC11403507 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenia, a prevalent condition, significantly impacts the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels are significantly higher in DC patients with sarcopenia. Satellite cells (SCs) play a role in aging- and cancer-induced sarcopenia. Here, we investigated the roles of FGF21 and SCs in DC-related sarcopenia as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We developed two DC mouse models and performed in vivo and in vitro experiments. Klotho beta (KLB) knockout mice in SCs were constructed to investigate the role of KLB downstream of FGF21. In addition, biological samples were collected from patients with DC and control patients to validate the results. RESULTS Muscle wasting and impaired SC myogenesis were observed in the DC mouse model and patients with DC. Elevated circulating levels of liver-derived FGF21 were observed, which were significantly negatively correlated with skeletal muscle mass/skeletal muscle index. Liver-secreted FGF21 induces SC dysfunction, contributing to sarcopenia. Mechanistically, FGF21 in the DC state exhibits enhanced interactions with KLB on SC surfaces, leading to downstream phosphatase and tensin homolog upregulation. This inhibits the protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, hampering SC proliferation and differentiation, and blocking new myotube formation to repair atrophy. Neutralizing circulating FGF21 using neutralizing antibodies, knockdown of hepatic FGF21 by adeno-associated virus, or knockout of KLB in SCs effectively improved or reversed DC-related sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte-derived FGF21 mediates liver-muscle crosstalk, which impairs muscle regeneration via the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby demonstrating a novel therapeutic strategy for DC-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Junbo Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210002, China
| | - Chenghao Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Gulsudum Mamtawla
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - LongChang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xuejin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Kanbay M, Mutlu A, Bakir CN, Peltek IB, Canbaz AA, Díaz Tocados JM, Haarhaus M. Klotho in pregnancy and intrauterine development-potential clinical implications: a review from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD Working Group. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:1574-1582. [PMID: 38486352 PMCID: PMC11427066 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine development is crucial for life-long health; therefore, elucidation of its key regulators is of interest for their potential prognostic and therapeutic implications. Originally described as a membrane-bound anti-aging protein, Klotho has evolved as a regulator of numerous functions in different organ systems. Circulating Klotho is generated by alternative splicing or active shedding from cell membranes. Recently, Klotho was identified as a regulator of placental function, and while Klotho does not cross the placental barrier, increased levels of circulating α-Klotho have been identified in umbilical cord blood compared with maternal blood, indicating that Klotho may also play a role in intrauterine development. In this narrative review, we discuss novel insights into the specific functions of the Klotho proteins in the placenta and in intrauterine development, while summarizing up-to-date knowledge about their structures and functions. Klotho plays a role in stem cell functioning, organogenesis and haematopoiesis. Low circulating maternal and foetal levels of Klotho are associated with preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and an increased perinatal risk for newborns, indicating a potential use of Klotho as biomarker and therapeutic target. Experimental administration of Klotho protein indicates a neuro- and nephroprotective potential, suggesting a possible future role of Klotho as a therapeutic agent. However, the use of Klotho as intervention during pregnancy is as yet unproven. Here, we summarize novel evidence, suggesting Klotho as a key regulator for healthy pregnancies and intrauterine development with promising potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cicek N Bakir
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim B Peltek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ata A Canbaz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Juan Miguel Díaz Tocados
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Dr Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mathias Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Diaverum AB, Malmö, Sweden
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Guha A, Si Y, Smith R, Kazamel M, Jiang N, Smith KA, Thalacker-Mercer A, Singh BK, Ho R, Andrabi SA, Pereira JDTDS, Salgado JS, Agrawal M, Velic EH, King PH. The myokine FGF21 associates with enhanced survival in ALS and mitigates stress-induced cytotoxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.11.611693. [PMID: 39314333 PMCID: PMC11419072 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.11.611693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-related and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness. There is marked heterogeneity in clinical presentation, progression, and pathophysiology with only modest treatments to slow disease progression. Molecular markers that provide insight into this heterogeneity are crucial for clinical management and identification of new therapeutic targets. In a prior muscle miRNA sequencing investigation, we identified altered FGF pathways in ALS muscle, leading us to investigate FGF21. We analyzed human ALS muscle biopsy samples and found a large increase in FGF21 expression with localization to atrophic myofibers and surrounding endomysium. A concomitant increase in FGF21 was detected in ALS spinal cords which correlated with muscle levels. FGF21 was increased in the SOD1G93A mouse beginning in presymptomatic stages. In parallel, there was dysregulation of the co-receptor, β-Klotho. Plasma FGF21 levels were increased and high levels correlated with slower disease progression, prolonged survival, and increased body mass index. In NSC-34 motor neurons and C2C12 muscle cells expressing SOD1G93A or exposed to oxidative stress, ectopic FGF21 mitigated loss of cell viability. In summary, FGF21 is a novel biomarker in ALS that correlates with slower disease progression and exerts trophic effects under conditions of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Reed Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Mohamed Kazamel
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Katherine A Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Anna Thalacker-Mercer
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ritchie Ho
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joao D Tavares Da Silva Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Juliana S Salgado
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emina Horvat Velic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Dan-Jumbo SO, Riley SE, Cortes-Araya Y, Ho W, Lee S, Thrower T, Esteves CL, Donadeu FX. Derivation and long-term maintenance of porcine skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9370. [PMID: 38653980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Culture of muscle cells from livestock species has typically involved laborious enzyme-based approaches that yield heterogeneous populations with limited proliferative and myogenic differentiation capacity, thus limiting their use in physiologically-meaningful studies. This study reports the use of a simple explant culture technique to derive progenitor cell populations from porcine muscle that could be maintained and differentiated long-term in culture. Fragments of semitendinosus muscle from 4 to 8 week-old piglets (n = 4) were seeded on matrigel coated culture dishes to stimulate migration of muscle-derived progenitor cells (MDPCs). Cell outgrowths appeared within a few days and were serially passaged and characterised using RT-qPCR, immunostaining and flow cytometry. MDPCs had an initial mean doubling time of 1.4 days which increased to 2.5 days by passage 14. MDPC populations displayed steady levels of the lineage-specific markers, PAX7 and MYOD, up until at least passage 2 (positive immunostaining in about 40% cells for each gene), after which the expression of myogenic markers decreased gradually. Remarkably, MDPCs were able to readily generate myotubes in culture up until passage 8. Moreover, a decrease in myogenic capacity during serial passaging was concomitant with a gradual increase in the expression of the pre-adipocyte markers, CD105 and PDGFRA, and an increase in the ability of MDPCs to differentiate into adipocytes. In conclusion, explant culture provided a simple and efficient method to harvest enriched myogenic progenitors from pig skeletal muscle which could be maintained long-term and differentiated in vitro, thus providing a suitable system for studies on porcine muscle biology and applications in the expanding field of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan O Dan-Jumbo
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Susanna E Riley
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Yennifer Cortes-Araya
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - William Ho
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Seungmee Lee
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Thomas Thrower
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Cristina L Esteves
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
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5
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Cortes-Araya Y, Cheung S, Ho W, Stenhouse C, Ashworth CJ, Esteves CL, Donadeu FX. Effects of foetal size, sex and developmental stage on adaptive transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle to intrauterine growth restriction in pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8500. [PMID: 38605102 PMCID: PMC11009347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs both in humans and domestic species. It has a particularly high incidence in pigs, and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as impaired postnatal growth. A key feature of IUGR is impaired muscle development, resulting in decreased meat quality. Understanding the developmental origins of IUGR, particularly at the molecular level, is important for developing effective strategies to mitigate its economic impact on the pig industry and animal welfare. The aim of this study was to characterise transcriptional profiles in the muscle of growth restricted pig foetuses at different gestational days (GD; gestational length ~ 115 days), focusing on selected genes (related to development, tissue injury and metabolism) that were previously identified as dysregulated in muscle of GD90 fetuses. Muscle samples were collected from the lightest foetus (L) and the sex-matched foetus with weight closest to the litter average (AW) from each of 22 Landrace x Large White litters corresponding to GD45 (n = 6), GD60 (n = 8) or GD90 (n = 8), followed by analyses, using RT-PCR and protein immunohistochemistry, of selected gene targets. Expression of the developmental genes, MYOD, RET and ACTN3 were markedly lower, whereas MSTN expression was higher, in the muscle of L relative to AW littermates beginning on GD45. Levels of all tissue injury-associated transcripts analysed (F5, PLG, KNG1, SELL, CCL16) were increased in L muscle on GD60 and, most prominently, on GD90. Among genes involved in metabolic regulation, KLB was expressed at higher levels in L than AW littermates beginning on GD60, whereas both IGFBP1 and AHSG were higher in L littermates on GD90 but only in males. Furthermore, the expression of genes specifically involved in lipid, hexose sugar or iron metabolism increased or, in the case of UCP3, decreased in L littermates on GD60 (UCP3, APOB, ALDOB) or GD90 (PNPLA3, TF), albeit in the case of ALDOB this only involved females. In conclusion, marked dysregulation of genes with critical roles in development in L foetuses can be observed from GD45, whereas for a majority of transcripts associated with tissue injury and metabolism differences between L and AW foetuses were apparent by GD60 or only at GD90, thus identifying different developmental windows for different types of adaptive responses to IUGR in the muscle of porcine foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cortes-Araya
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - S Cheung
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - W Ho
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - C Stenhouse
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16803, USA
| | - C J Ashworth
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - C L Esteves
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - F X Donadeu
- Division of Translational Bioscience, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
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Xie S, Liu Q, Fu C, Chen Y, Li M, Tian C, Li J, Han M, Li C. Molecular Regulation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development: Insights from Research on CDC23 Expression and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3664. [PMID: 38612477 PMCID: PMC11011816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 23 (CDC23) is a component of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) subunit in the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) complex, which participates in the regulation of mitosis in eukaryotes. However, the regulatory model and mechanism by which the CDC23 gene regulates muscle production in pigs are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of CDC23 in pigs, and the results indicated that CDC23 is widely expressed in various tissues and organs. In vitro cell experiments have demonstrated that CDC23 promotes the proliferation of myoblasts, as well as significantly positively regulating the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed a significant downregulation of the cell cycle pathway during the differentiation process of skeletal muscle satellite cells. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed a high degree of interaction between genes related to the cell cycle pathway and CDC23. Subsequently, in differentiated myocytes induced after overexpression of CDC23, the level of CDC23 exhibited a significant negative correlation with the expression of key factors in the cell cycle pathway, suggesting that CDC23 may be involved in the inhibition of the cell cycle signaling pathway in order to promote the differentiation process. In summary, we preliminarily determined the function of CDC23 with the aim of providing new insights into molecular regulation during porcine skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xie
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yansen Chen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Mengxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Cheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
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Li S, Chen J, Wei P, Zou T, You J. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Fascinating Perspective on the Regulation of Muscle Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16951. [PMID: 38069273 PMCID: PMC10707024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a vital role in normal eukaryotic organism development and homeostatic metabolism under the influence of internal and external factors such as endogenous hormone changes and exogenous stimuli. Over the last few decades, comprehensive studies have revealed the key role of FGF21 in regulating many fundamental metabolic pathways, including the muscle stress response, insulin signaling transmission, and muscle development. By coordinating these metabolic pathways, FGF21 is thought to contribute to acclimating to a stressful environment and the subsequent recovery of cell and tissue homeostasis. With the emphasis on FGF21, we extensively reviewed the research findings on the production and regulation of FGF21 and its role in muscle metabolism. We also emphasize how the FGF21 metabolic networks mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, glycogen consumption, and myogenic development and investigate prospective directions for the functional exploitation of FGF21 and its downstream effectors, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (P.W.)
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Jianfeng M, Mailin G, Yitang Y, Lei C, Ye Z, Lili N, Yan W, Shunhua Z, Jingyong W, Li Z, Linyuan S. tRNA-derived small RNA dataset in multiple organs of intrauterine growth-restricted pig. Sci Data 2023; 10:793. [PMID: 37949905 PMCID: PMC10638418 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs neonatal weight and causes multiple organ dysplasia. IUGR not only threatens human health but is also a significant constraint to the development of animal husbandry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IUGR remains to be further elucidated. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNAs) is a regulative non-coding RNA, which has recently been reported to correlate with the onset and progression of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the tsRNAs expression profiles of IUGR pigs. A tsRNAs dataset for multiple organs in normal and IUGR pigs was generated, including muscle, liver, spleen and intestine. We further analyzed the characteristics of tsRNAs in different organs of pigs, and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to investigate possible pathways involved. This dataset will provide valuable information for further exploring the molecular mechanism of IUGR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jianfeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gan Mailin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yitang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Lei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Niu Lili
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Yan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Shunhua
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Jingyong
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shen Linyuan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Guo Z, Wang Y, Wen X, Xu X, Yan L. β-Klotho Promotes the Development of Intrauterine Adhesions via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911294. [PMID: 36232594 PMCID: PMC9569898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) refers to injury to the basal layer of the endometrium, which can be caused by various factors. It is often accompanied by clinical symptoms such as abnormal menstruation, infertility, recurrent abortion, and periodic abdominal pain. In recent years, a number of studies have reported the effects of β-Klotho (KLB) on the occurrence and development of human tumors and fibrotic diseases, but its relationship with endometrial fibroblasts and endometrial fibrosis has not been elucidated. In this study, we compared the expression of KLB in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from patients with IUA and normal controls. We constructed animal and cell models of IUA and conducted expression verification and functional experiments on KLB. We found that the expression of KLB was significantly increased in the ESCs of IUA patients and rat models compared with the controls. The overexpression of KLB could promote the proliferation and fibrosis of ESCs. In addition, the overexpression of KLB activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ESCs. Our study shows that KLB protein is highly expressed in the ESCs of patients with IUA and can enhance stromal cell proliferation and cell fibrosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting the development of IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
- Correspondence:
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Thomas KN, Zimmel KN, Basel A, Roach AN, Mehta NA, Thomas KR, Dotson LJ, Bedi YS, Golding MC. Paternal alcohol exposures program intergenerational hormetic effects on offspring fetoplacental growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930375. [PMID: 36036017 PMCID: PMC9405020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis refers to graded adaptive responses to harmful environmental stimuli where low-level toxicant exposures stimulate tissue growth and responsiveness while, in contrast, higher-level exposures induce toxicity. Although the intergenerational inheritance of programmed hormetic growth responses is described in plants and insects, researchers have yet to observe this phenomenon in mammals. Using a physiologically relevant mouse model, we demonstrate that chronic preconception paternal alcohol exposures program nonlinear, dose-dependent changes in offspring fetoplacental growth. Our studies identify an inverse j-shaped curve with a threshold of 2.4 g/Kg per day; below this threshold, paternal ethanol exposures induce programmed increases in placental growth, while doses exceeding this point yield comparative decreases in placental growth. In male offspring, higher paternal exposures induce dose-dependent increases in the placental labyrinth layer but do not impact fetal growth. In contrast, the placental hypertrophy induced by low-level paternal ethanol exposures associate with increased offspring crown-rump length, particularly in male offspring. Finally, alterations in placental physiology correlate with disruptions in both mitochondrial-encoded and imprinted gene expression. Understanding the influence of ethanol on the paternally-inherited epigenetic program and downstream hormetic responses in offspring growth may help explain the enormous variation observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) phenotypes and incidence.
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Fu Y, Hao X, Shang P, Chamba Y, Zhang B, Zhang H. Functional Identification of Porcine DLK1 during Muscle Development. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121523. [PMID: 35739860 PMCID: PMC9219491 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue and serves as a protein reservoir and energy reservoir in the human and animal body. It also serves as the main metabolic activity site. The formation of skeletal muscle mainly depends on the differentiation and fusion of myocytes and other complex ordered processes; each step is regulated by various factors. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles, functional identification, and regulatory pathways of Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) in pigs and myocytes. We found that DLK1 was highly expressed in the muscle tissues of pigs. DLK1 promoted myocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, fusion, and muscular hypertrophy, but suppressed muscle degradation. DLK1 also inhibited the Notch signaling pathway by regulating the expression of key factors in the pathway, thereby producing a phenotype in which DLK1 promotes muscle development. These findings provide valuable information to improve our understanding of the functional mechanisms of DLK1 that underly myogenesis to accelerate the process of animal genetic improvement. Abstract DLK1 is paternally expressed and is involved in metabolism switching, stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Porcine DLK1 was identified in our previous study as a candidate gene that regulates muscle development. In the present study, we characterized DLK1 expression in pigs, and the results showed that DLK1 was highly expressed in the muscles of pigs. In-vitro cellular tests showed that DLK1 promoted myoblast proliferation, migration, and muscular hypertrophy, and at the same time inhibited muscle degradation. The expression of myogenic and fusion markers and the formation of multinucleated myotubes were both upregulated in myoblasts with DLK1 overexpression. DLK1 levels in cultured myocytes were negatively correlated with the expression of key factors in the Notch pathway, suggesting that the suppression of Notch signaling pathways may mediate these processes. Collectively, our results suggest a biological function of DLK1 as an enhancer of muscle development by the inhibition of Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.F.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.F.); (X.H.)
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.F.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-62734852 (H.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.F.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-62734852 (H.Z.)
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