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Curtis GH, Reeve RE, Crespi EJ. Leptin signaling promotes blood vessel formation in the Xenopus tail during the embryo-larval transition. Dev Biol 2024; 512:26-34. [PMID: 38705558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The signals that regulate peripheral blood vessel formation during development are still under investigation. The hormone leptin promotes blood vessel formation, adipose tissue establishment and expansion, tumor growth, and wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms for these actions are currently unknown. We investigated whether leptin promotes angiogenesis in the developing tail fin using embryonic transgenic xflk-1:GFP Xenopus laevis, which express a green fluorescent protein on vascular endothelial cells to mark blood vessels. We found that leptin protein is expressed in endothelial cells of developing blood vessels and that leptin treatment via injection increased phosphorylated STAT3 signaling, which is indicative of leptin activation of its receptor, in blood vessels of the larval tail fin. Leptin administration via media increased vessel length, branching, and reconnection with the cardinal vein, while decreased leptin signaling via immunoneutralization had an opposing effect on vessel development. We also observed disorganization of major vessels and microvessels of the tail fin and muscle when leptin signaling was decreased. Reduced leptin signaling lowered mRNA expression of cenpk, gpx1, and mmp9, markers for cell proliferation, antioxidation, and extracellular matrix remodeling/cell migration, respectively, in the developing tail, providing insight into three possible mechanisms underlying leptin's promotion of angiogenesis. Together these results illustrate that leptin levels are correlated with embryonic angiogenesis and that leptin coordinates multiple aspects of blood vessel growth and development, showing that leptin is an important morphogen during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Curtis
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164.
| | - Robyn E Reeve
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164
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2
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Herscovici DM, Cooper KM, Colletta A, Rightmyer M, Shingina A, Feld LD. Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations. World J Transplant 2024; 14:90202. [DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v14.i2.90202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant period. Nutrition recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic obesity. While these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients, established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are lacking. In this paper, we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya M Herscovici
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Katherine M Cooper
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Alessandro Colletta
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Michelle Rightmyer
- Division of Transplant Nutrition, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Alexandra Shingina
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37215, United States
| | - Lauren D Feld
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
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3
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Chen X, Cheng Z, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Jiang Q. Causal effects of life course adiposity on temporomandibular disorders: A Mendelian randomization study. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:278-286. [PMID: 37830131 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies investigated the associations between obesity and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), but the evidence for the causal inferences was unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the causal link between life course adiposity and TMDs. METHODS Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were performed using genetic instruments for birth weight (BW) (N = 261 932), childhood body mass index (BMI) (N = 39 620), childhood body size (N = 454 718), adult BMI (N = 99 998), body fat percentage (N = 454 633) and TMDs (N = 211 023). We assessed the overall effect of each life course adiposity factor via inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger methods and performed extensive sensitivity analyses. Additionally, multivariable MR was conducted to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of childhood BMI on TMDs while accounting for BW and adult BMI, and vice versa. RESULTS Univariable MR analyses revealed a causal effect of low childhood adiposity on an increased risk of TMDs (childhood BMI: IVW OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.78, p < .001; childhood body size: IVW OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43-0.73, p < .001). No causal association existed between genetically predicted BW, adult BMI, or body fat percentage and TMDs. In the multivariable MR analyses, the effects of childhood BMI on TMDs occurrence remained significant and direct, even after adjusting for BW and adult BMI (multivariable IVW OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-0.99, p = .048). No pleiotropy and heterogeneity were detected (p > .05). CONCLUSION Low childhood BMI might causally increase the risk of TMDs through a direct pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zhibai Zhao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianglin Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
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Arocha Rodulfo JI, Aure Fariñez G, Carrera F. Sleep and cardiometabolic risk. Narrative revision. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024; 36:38-49. [PMID: 37696704 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances, including disrupted sleep and short sleep duration, are highly prevalent and are prospectively associated with an increased risk for various chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a narrative review of the literature based on numerous articles published in peer-reviewed journals since the beginning of this century. RESULTS The relationship between sleep disorders and metabolic dysregulation has been clearly established, mainly in the setting of modern epidemic of cardiometabolic disease, a cluster of conditions include obesity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, all of them considered as main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and its clinical expression such as ischemic ictus, myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes. Clinically viable tools to measure sleep duration and quality are needed for routine screening and intervention. CONCLUSIONS In view of what has been exposed in this review, it is evident that the timing, amount, and quality of sleep are critical to reduce the burden of risk factors for several chronic disease, including ACVD and type 2 diabetes, and most relevant in young people. Future research studies should elucidate the effectiveness of multimodal interventions to counteract the risk of short sleep for optimal patient outcomes across the healthcare continuum, especially in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Carrera
- Fellowship en Diabetes y Metabolismo, Hospital Vargas de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Sadeghi Z, Wu YX, Vu A, Song L, Phan W, Kim J, Keast JR, Balis U, DeLancey J, Villalta SA, Zi X. Dysfunction of the aging female mouse urethra is associated with striated muscle loss and increased fibrosis: an initial report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:516-529. [PMID: 38148939 PMCID: PMC10749384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The decline of urethral function with advancing age plays a major role in urinary incontinence in women, impairing quality of life and economically burdening the health care system. However, none of the current urinary incontinence treatments address the declining urethral function with aging, and the mechanisms by which aging impacts urethra physiology remain little known or explored. Here, we have compared functional, morphometric, and global gene expression of urethral tissues between young and old female mice. Bladder leak point pressure (LPP) measurement showed that the aged female mice had 26.55% lower LPP compared to younger mice. Vectorized Scale-Invariant Pattern Recognition (VIPR) analysis of the relative abundance of different tissue components revealed that the mid-urethra of old female mice contains less striated muscle, more extracellular matrix/fibrosis, and diminished elastin fibers ratio compared to young mice. Gene expression profiling analysis (bulk RNA-seq of the whole urethra) showed more down-regulated genes in aged than young mice. Immune response and muscle-related (striated and smooth) pathways were predominantly enriched. In contrast, keratinization, skin development, and cell differentiation pathways were significantly downregulated in aged urethral tissues compared to those from young female mice. These results suggest that molecular pathways (i.e., ACVR1/FST signaling and CTGF/TGF-β signaling) leading to a decreased striated muscle mass and an increase in fibrous extracellular matrix in the process of aging deserve further investigation for their roles in the declined urethral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Sadeghi
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
- Muscle Biology and Disease Research Center, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Yi Xi Wu
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Amberly Vu
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Liankun Song
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - William Phan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of CaliforniaRiverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jeffery Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
- Experimental Tissue Resource, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Janet R Keast
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ulysses Balis
- Department of Pathology-Bioinformatics, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John DeLancey
- Department of Gynecology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Muscle Biology and Disease Research Center, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA 92868, USA
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare SystemLong Beach, CA 90822, USA
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Ely EV, Kapinski AT, Paradi SG, Tang R, Guilak F, Collins KH. Designer Fat Cells: Adipogenic Differentiation of CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Engineered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564206. [PMID: 37961399 PMCID: PMC10634849 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that can signal bidirectionally to many tissues and organ systems in the body. With obesity, adipose tissue is a source of low-level inflammation that contributes to various co-morbidities and damage to downstream effector tissues. The ability to synthesize genetically engineered adipose tissue could have critical applications in studying adipokine signaling and the use of adipose tissue for novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to develop a method for non-viral adipogenic differentiation of genome-edited murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to test the ability of such cells to engraft in mice in vivo . Designer adipocytes were created from iPSCs, which can be readily genetically engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out or insert individual genes of interest. As a model system for adipocyte-based drug delivery, an existing iPSC cell line that transcribes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist under the endogenous macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 promoter was tested for adipogenic capabilities under these same differentiation conditions. To understand the role of various adipocyte subtypes and their impact on health and disease, an efficient method was devised for inducing browning and whitening of IPSC-derived adipocytes in culture. Finally, to study the downstream effects of designer adipocytes in vivo , we transplanted the designer adipocytes into fat-free lipodystrophic mice as a model system for studying adipose signaling in different models of disease or repair. This novel translational tissue engineering and regenerative medicine platform provides an innovative approach to studying the role of adipose interorgan communication in various conditions.
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Guo L, Quan M, Pang W, Yin Y, Li F. Cytokines and exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:666-681. [PMID: 37599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle-adipose crosstalk to regulate systemic metabolism via paracrine and endocrine pathways. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle and ATs, respectively. Exosomes loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, lipid droplets, and organelles can fuse with the cytoplasm of target cells to perform regulatory functions. A major regulatory component of exosomes is miRNA. In addition, numerous novel myokines and adipokines have been identified through technological innovations. These discoveries have identified new biomarkers and sparked new insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose deposition. The knowledge may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Zou RH, Nouraie SM, Karoleski C, Zhang Y, Sciurba FC, Forman DE, Bon J. Incident low muscle mass is associated with greater lung disease and lower circulating leptin in a tobacco-exposed longitudinal cohort. Respir Res 2023; 24:224. [PMID: 37737171 PMCID: PMC10515430 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle loss is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prior studies evaluating musculoskeletal dysfunction in COPD have focused on individuals with baseline low muscle mass. Currently, there is limited data evaluating clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with progression to incident low muscle mass in a tobacco-exposed cohort of individuals with baseline normal muscle mass. METHODS We evaluated 246 participants from a single-center longitudinal tobacco-exposed cohort with serial spirometry, thoracic imaging, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements, walk testing, and plasma adipokine measurements. DXA-derived fat free mass index (FFMI) and appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) were used as surrogates for muscle mass. Participants with incident low muscle mass (LM) at follow-up were characterized by FFMI < 18.4 kg/m2 in males and < 15.4 kg/m2 in females and/or ASMI < 7.25 kg/m2 in males and < 5.67 kg/m2 in females. RESULTS Twenty-five (10%) participants progressed to incident low muscle mass at follow-up. At baseline, the LM subgroup had greater active smoking prevalence (60% v. 38%, p = 0.04), lower FFMI (17.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2 v. 19.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2, p = 0.002), lower ASMI (7.3 ± 0.9 kg/m2 v. 8.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2, p = 0.0003), and lower plasma leptin (14.9 ± 10.1 ng/mL v. 24.0 ± 20.9 ng/mL, p = 0.04). At follow-up, the LM subgroup had higher COPD prevalence (68% v. 43%, p = 0.02), lower FEV1/FVC (0.63 ± 0.12 v. 0.69 ± 0.12, p = 0.02), lower %DLco (66.5 ± 15.9% v. 73.9 ± 16.8%, p = 0.03), and higher annual rate of FFMI decline (-0.17 kg/m2/year v. -0.04 kg/m2/year, p = 0.006). There were no differences in age, gender distribution, pack years smoking history, or walk distance. CONCLUSIONS We identified a subgroup of tobacco-exposed individuals with normal baseline muscle mass who progressed to incident DXA-derived low muscle mass. This subgroup demonstrated synchronous lung disease and persistently low circulating leptin levels. Our study suggests the importance of assessing for muscle loss in conjunction with lung function decline when evaluating individuals with tobacco exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Zou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Emphysema COPD Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Emphysema COPD Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chad Karoleski
- Emphysema COPD Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Emphysema COPD Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Emphysema COPD Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Bon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Emphysema COPD Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Montefiore Hospital, NW628 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Iwai S, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Kubo T, Tomooka F, Shibamoto A, Suzuki J, Tsuji Y, Fujinaga Y, Kitagawa K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide attenuates chronic liver disease-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166770. [PMID: 37276988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) has recently been established as a pharmacological option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated the molecular role of GLP-1R in skeletal muscle homeostasis; however, the therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide, a GLP-1RA, on skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic liver disease (CLD) under diabetic conditions remains unclear. In the present study, semaglutide effectively inhibited psoas muscle atrophy and suppressed declines in grip strength in a diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet-fed diabetic KK-Ay mouse model. Moreover, semaglutide inhibited ubiquitin-proteosome-mediated skeletal muscle proteolysis and promoted myogenesis in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated C2C12 murine myocytes. Mechanistically, this effect of semaglutide on skeletal muscle atrophy was mediated by multiple functional pathways. First, semaglutide protected against hepatic injury in mice accompanied by increased production of insulin-like growth factor 1 and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects were associated with decreased proinflammatory cytokines and ROS accumulation, leading to the suppression of ubiquitin-proteosome muscle degradation. Moreover, semaglutide inhibited the amino acid starvation-related stress signaling that was activated under chronic liver injury, resulting in the recovery of the mammalian target of rapamycin activity in the skeletal muscle of DDC-diet fed KK-Ay mice. Second, semaglutide improved skeletal muscle atrophy by directly stimulating GLP-1R in myocytes. Semaglutide induced cAMP-mediated activation of PKA and AKT, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced ROS accumulation, thereby resulting in inhibition of NF-κB/myostatin-mediated ubiquitin-proteosome degradation and the augmentation of heat-shock factor-1-mediated myogenesis. Collectively, semaglutide may have potential as a new therapeutic strategy for CLD-related skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Tomooka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shibamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Junya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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10
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Navarro-Perez J, Vidal-Puig A, Carobbio S. Recent developments in adipose tissue-secreted factors and their target organs. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102046. [PMID: 37099831 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The white adipose tissue's primary roles are to store and mobilise energy, which is very different from the brown adipose tissue's function of using fuel to generate heat and maintain the body temperature. The adipose tissues (ATs), co-ordinately with the other organs, sense energetic demands and inform of their reserves before embarking on energetically demanding physiological functions. It is not surprising that ATs exhibit highly integrated regulatory mechanisms mediated by a diversified secretome, including adipokines, lipokines, metabolites and a repertoire of extracellular miRNAs that contribute to integrating the function of the AT niche and connect the AT through paracrine and endocrine effects with the whole organism. Characterising the adipose secretome, its changes in health and disease, regulation by ageing and gender and their contribution to energy homoeostasis is necessary to optimise its use for personalised strategies to prevent or reverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Navarro-Perez
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain. https://twitter.com/@JaimeNavarroPr1
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Wang CJ, Noble PB, Elliot JG, Choi YS, James AL, Wang KCW. Distribution, composition, and activity of airway-associated adipose tissue in the porcine lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L179-L189. [PMID: 36445102 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00288.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with comorbid asthma-obesity experience greater disease severity and are less responsive to therapy. We have previously reported adipose tissue within the airway wall that positively correlated with body mass index. Accumulation of biologically active adipose tissue may result in the local release of adipokines and disrupt large and small airway function depending on its anatomical distribution. This study therefore characterized airway-associated adipose tissue distribution, lipid composition, and adipokine activity in a porcine model. Airway segments were systematically dissected from different locations of the bronchial tree in inflation-fixed lungs. Cryosections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for airway morphology, oil red O to distinguish adipose tissue, and Nile blue A for lipid subtype delineation. Excised airway-associated adipose tissue was cultured for 72 h to quantify adipokine release using immunoassays. Results showed that airway-associated adipose tissue extended throughout the bronchial tree and occupied an area proportionally similar to airway smooth muscle within the wall area. Lipid composition consisted of pure neutral lipids (61.7 ± 3.5%), a mixture of neutral and acidic lipids (36.3 ± 3.4%), or pure acidic lipids (2.0 ± 0.8%). Following tissue culture, there was rapid release of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α at 12 h. Maximum IL-4 and IL-10 release was at 24 and 48 h, and peak leptin release occurred between 48 and 72 h. These data extend previous findings and demonstrate that airway-associated adipose tissue is prevalent and biologically active within the bronchial tree, providing a local source of adipokines that may be a contributing factor in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Collins KH, Guilak F. Trimming the fat - is leptin crosstalk the link between obesity and osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:23-25. [PMID: 36273787 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K H Collins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St Louis, MO, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - F Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St Louis, MO, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Brunelli A, Saatchi T, Urbani S, Giani A, Rossi AP, Zoico E, Fantin F. The Role of Crosstalk between Adipose Cells and Myocytes in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly. Cells 2022; 11:3361. [PMID: 36359757 PMCID: PMC9655977 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of aging, body composition changes, with a decline in muscle mass and an increase in adipose tissue (AT), which reallocates from subcutaneous to visceral depots and stores ectopically in the liver, heart and muscles. Furthermore, with aging, muscle and AT, both of which have recognized endocrine activity, become dysfunctional and contribute, in the case of positive energy balance, to the development of sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is defined as the co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass and function, and its prevalence increases with age. SO is strongly associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of SO is complex and multifactorial. This review focuses mainly on the role of crosstalk between age-related dysfunctional adipose and muscle cells as one of the mechanisms leading to SO. A better understanding of this mechanisms may be useful for development of prevention strategies and treatments aimed at reducing the occurrence of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Zamboni
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Brunelli
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Tanaz Saatchi
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Urbani
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Giani
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P. Rossi
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, AULSS2, Ospedale Ca’Foncello, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Elena Zoico
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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14
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Retta A, Finch MS. Leptin, more than satiety; examining the relationship between adipose-secreted leptin and muscle form and function. J Physiol 2022; 600:4389-4390. [PMID: 36109349 DOI: 10.1113/jp283712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Retta
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael S Finch
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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