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Barker CJ, Berggren PO. New Horizons in Cellular Regulation by Inositol Polyphosphates: Insights from the Pancreaticβ-Cell. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:641-69. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.006775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Shears SB, Ganapathi SB, Gokhale NA, Schenk TMH, Wang H, Weaver JD, Zaremba A, Zhou Y. Defining signal transduction by inositol phosphates. Subcell Biochem 2012; 59:389-412. [PMID: 22374098 PMCID: PMC3925325 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-3015-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ins(1,4,5)P(3) is a classical intracellular messenger: stimulus-dependent changes in its levels elicits biological effects through its release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. The Ins(1,4,5)P(3) response is "switched off" by its metabolism to a range of additional inositol phosphates. These metabolites have themselves come to be collectively described as a signaling "family". The validity of that latter definition is critically examined in this review. That is, we assess the strength of the hypothesis that Ins(1,4,5)P(3) metabolites are themselves "classical" signals. Put another way, what is the evidence that the biological function of a particular inositol phosphate depends upon stimulus dependent changes in its levels? In this assessment, examples of an inositol phosphate acting as a cofactor (i.e. its function is not stimulus-dependent) do not satisfy our signaling criteria. We conclude that Ins(3,4,5,6)P(4) is, to date, the only Ins(1,4,5)P(3) metabolite that has been validated to act as a second messenger.
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Key Words
- adenosine deaminase
- akt
- β-cells
- calcium
- camp
- camkii
- chloride channel
- clc3
- compartmentalization
- dna repair
- endosomes
- erk
- frizzled receptor
- gap1ip4bp
- mrna export
- ins(1,4,5)p3
- ins(1,4,5)p4 receptor
- ins(1,3,4)p3
- ins(1,3,4,5)p4
- ins(1,3,4,5)p4 receptor
- ins(1,4,5,6)p4
- ins(3,4,5,6)p4
- ins(1,3,4,5,6)p5
- insp6
- insulin
- ipmk
- ipk2
- ip5k
- itp
- itpk1
- itpkb
- lymphocytes
- ku
- neutrophils
- protein phosphatase
- ptdins(4,5)p2
- ptdins(3,4,5)p3
- ph domain
- pten
- rasa3
- transcription
- wnt ligand
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Shears
- Inositol Signaling Section, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, USA, USA,
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Best MD, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Inositol polyphosphates, diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate lipids: Structure, synthesis, and development of probes for studying biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1403-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b923844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhao Q, Zhao KS. Inhibition of L-type calcium channels in arteriolar smooth muscle cells is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular hyporeactivity in severe shock. Shock 2008; 28:717-721. [PMID: 17607159 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318050c914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the changes in the function of L-type calcium (L-Ca2+) channels of arteriolar smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in the genesis of vascular hyporeactivity during severe shock. A hemorrhagic shock (HS) model was reproduced in rats, and the responsiveness of arterioles in the cremaster muscle to norepinephrine (NE) was measured. The inward currents of L-Ca2+ channel and intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) level in isolated ASMCs were measured using patch clamp and fluorescent probe techniques. The arteriolar vasoreactivity was significantly reduced with a 12.5-fold increase of NE threshold level 2 h post-HS. Meanwhile, the inward currents through L-Ca2+ channels of ASMCs were significantly decreased at different holding potentials, and the maximal inward current was only 26.7% of control value in the shock group. The increased intracellular concentration of Ca2+ level of ASMCs stimulated by NE was reduced to 32.0% of control value 2 h post-HS. Administration of the L-Ca2+ channel stimulator, Bay K8644, partially restored the NE threshold level and transiently increased the mean arterial pressure during HS, lending further support to the importance of ASMC L-Ca2+ channel inhibition in the genesis of low vasoreactivity in vivo during severe shock. Our results suggest that stimulation of L-Ca2+ channels of ASMCs might be a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of refractory hypotension in severe shock.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arterioles/cytology
- Arterioles/drug effects
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/physiology
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Models, Biological
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Berggren PO, Barker CJ. A key role for phosphorylated inositol compounds in pancreatic β-cell stimulus–secretion coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 48:276-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rakotoarisoa L, Carricaburu V, Leblanc C, Mironneau C, Mironneau J, Macrez N. Angiotensin II-induced delayed stimulation of phospholipase C gamma1 requires activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma and tyrosine kinase in vascular myocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 10:734-48. [PMID: 16989733 PMCID: PMC3933155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In vascular smooth muscles, angiotensin II (AII) has been reported to activate phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). We investigated the time-dependent effects of AII on both phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP3) and inositol phosphates (InsPs) accumulation in permeabilized microsomes from rat portal vein smooth muscle in comparison with those of noradrenaline (NA). AII stimulated an early production of PtdInsP3 (within 30 s) followed by a delayed production of InsPs (within 3-5 min), in contrast to NA which activated only a fast production of InsPs. The use of pharmacological inhibitors and antibodies raised against the PI3K and PLC isoforms expressed in portal vein smooth muscle showed that AII specifically activated PI3Kδ and that this isoform was involved in the AII-induced stimulation of InsPs accumulation. NA-induced InsPs accumulation depended on PLCβ1 activation whereas AII-induced InsPs accumulation depended on PLCγ1 activation. AII-induced PLCδ1 activation required both tyrosine kinase and PI3Kδ since genistein and tyrphostin B48 (inhibitors of tyrosine kinase), LY294002 and wortmannin (inhibitors of PI3K) and anti-PI3Kδ antibody abolished AII-induced stimulation of InsPs accumulation. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCβ1 was only detected for long-lasting applications of AII and was suppressed by genistein. These data indicate that activation of both PI3Kβ and tyrosine kinase is a prerequisite for AII-induced stimulation of PLCβ1 in vascular smooth muscle and suggest that the sequential activation of the three enzymes may be responsible for the slow and long-lasting contraction induced by AII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lala Rakotoarisoa
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Interactions Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Riley AM, Trusselle M, Kuad P, Borkovec M, Cho J, Choi JH, Qian X, Shears SB, Spiess B, Potter* BVL. scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate as an analogue of myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate: chemical synthesis, physicochemistry and biological applications. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1114-22. [PMID: 16755629 PMCID: PMC1892220 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5)), an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling, and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesised from the same myo-inositol-based precursor. Potentiometric and NMR titrations show that both pentakisphosphates undergo a conformational ring-flip at higher pH, beginning at pH 8 for scyllo-InsP(5) and pH 9 for Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5). Over the physiological pH range, however, the conformation of the inositol rings and the microprotonation patterns of the phosphate groups in Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) and scyllo-InsP(5) are similar. Thus, scyllo-InsP(5) should be a useful tool for identifying biologically relevant actions of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5), mediated by specific binding sites, and distinguishing them from nonspecific electrostatic effects. We also demonstrate that, although scyllo-InsP(5) and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) are both hydrolysed by multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP), scyllo-InsP(5) is not dephosphorylated by PTEN or phosphorylated by Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) 2-kinases. This finding both reinforces the value of scyllo-InsP(5) as a biological control and shows that the axial 2-OH group of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) plays a part in substrate recognition by PTEN and the Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) 2-kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Riley
- Dr. A. M. Riley, Dr. M. Trusselle, Prof. Dr. B. V. L. Potter, Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225-386114, E-mail:
| | - Melanie Trusselle
- Dr. A. M. Riley, Dr. M. Trusselle, Prof. Dr. B. V. L. Potter, Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225-386114, E-mail:
| | - Paul Kuad
- Dr. P. Kuad, Prof. Dr. B. Spiess, Département de Pharmacochimie de la Communication Cellulaire, UMR 7175-LC1 du CNRS-ULP, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, B. P. 24, 67401 Illkirch Cedex (France.)
| | - Michal Borkovec
- Dr. M. Borkovec, Department of Inorganic, Analytical, and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4 (Switzerland)
| | - Jaiesoon Cho
- Dr. J. Cho, Dr. J. H. Choi, Dr. X. Qian, Dr. S. B. Shears, Inositide Signaling Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (USA)
| | - Jae H. Choi
- Dr. J. Cho, Dr. J. H. Choi, Dr. X. Qian, Dr. S. B. Shears, Inositide Signaling Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (USA)
| | - Xun Qian
- Dr. J. Cho, Dr. J. H. Choi, Dr. X. Qian, Dr. S. B. Shears, Inositide Signaling Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (USA)
| | - Stephen B. Shears
- Dr. J. Cho, Dr. J. H. Choi, Dr. X. Qian, Dr. S. B. Shears, Inositide Signaling Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (USA)
| | - Bernard Spiess
- Dr. P. Kuad, Prof. Dr. B. Spiess, Département de Pharmacochimie de la Communication Cellulaire, UMR 7175-LC1 du CNRS-ULP, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, B. P. 24, 67401 Illkirch Cedex (France.)
| | - Barry V. L. Potter*
- Dr. A. M. Riley, Dr. M. Trusselle, Prof. Dr. B. V. L. Potter, Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225-386114, E-mail:
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Phillippy BQ. Transport of calcium across caco-2 cells in the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ward JPT, Knock GA, Snetkov VA, Aaronson PI. Protein kinases in vascular smooth muscle tone--role in the pulmonary vasculature and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 104:207-31. [PMID: 15556675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an adaptive mechanism that in the normal animal diverts blood away from poorly ventilated areas of the lung, thereby maintaining optimal ventilation-perfusion matching. In global hypoxia however, such as in respiratory disease or at altitude, it causes detrimental increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery (PA) pressure. The precise intracellular pathways and mechanisms underlying HPV remain unclear, although it is now recognised that both an elevation in smooth muscle intracellular [Ca2+] and a concomitant increase in Ca2+ sensitivity are involved. Several key intracellular protein kinases have been proposed as components of the signal transduction pathways leading to development of HPV, specifically Rho kinase, non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK), p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, and protein kinase C (PKC). All of these have been implicated to a greater or lesser extent in pathways leading to Ca2+ sensitisation, and in some cases regulation of intracellular [Ca2+] as well. In this article, we review the role of these key protein kinases in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) constriction, applying what is known in the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation and HPV. We conclude that the strongest evidence for direct involvement of protein kinases in the mechanisms of HPV concerns a central role for Rho kinase in Ca2+ sensitisation, and a potential role for Src-family kinases in both modulation of Ca2+ entry via capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) and activation of Rho kinase, though others are likely to have indirect or modulatory influences. In addition, we speculate that Src family kinases may provide a central interface between the proposed hypoxia-induced generation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria and both the elevation in intracellular [Ca2+] and Rho kinase mediated Ca2+ sensitisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P T Ward
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Deleu S, Choi K, Pesesse X, Cho J, Sulis ML, Parsons R, Shears SB. Physiological levels of PTEN control the size of the cellular Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) pool. Cell Signal 2005; 18:488-98. [PMID: 15979280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand how a signaling molecule's activities are regulated, we need insight into the processes controlling the dynamic balance between its synthesis and degradation. For the Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 signal, this information is woefully inadequate. For example, the only known cytosolic enzyme with the capacity to degrade Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is the tumour-suppressor PTEN [J.J. Caffrey, T. Darden, M.R. Wenk, S.B. Shears, FEBS Lett. 499 (2001) 6 ], but the biological relevance has been questioned by others [E.A. Orchiston, D. Bennett, N.R. Leslie, R.G. Clarke, L. Winward, C.P. Downes, S.T. Safrany, J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 1116 ]. The current study emphasizes the role of physiological levels of PTEN in Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 homeostasis. We employed two cell models. First, we used a human U87MG glioblastoma PTEN-null cell line that hosts an ecdysone-inducible PTEN expression system. Second, the human H1299 bronchial cell line, in which PTEN is hypomorphic due to promoter methylation, has been stably transfected with physiologically relevant levels of PTEN. In both models, a novel consequence of PTEN expression was to increase Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 pool size by 30-40% (p<0.01); this response was wortmannin-insensitive and, therefore, independent of the PtdIns 3-kinase pathway. In U87MG cells, induction of the G129R catalytically inactive PTEN mutant did not affect Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) levels. PTEN induction did not alter the expression of enzymes participating in Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 synthesis. Another effect of PTEN expression in U87MG cells was to decrease InsP6 levels by 13% (p<0.02). The InsP6-phosphatase, MIPP, may be responsible for the latter effect; we show that recombinant human MIPP dephosphorylates InsP6 to D/L-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, levels of which increased 60% (p<0.05) following PTEN expression in U87MG cells. Overall, our data add higher inositol phosphates to the list of important cellular regulators [Y. Huang, R.P. Wernyj, D.D. Norton, P. Precht, M.C. Seminario, R.L. Wange, Oncogene, 24 (2005) 3819 ] the levels of which are modulated by expression of the highly pleiotropic PTEN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Deleu
- Inositol Signaling Section, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHSS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Kang M, Morsy N, Jin X, Lupu F, Akbarali HI. Protein and gene expression of Ca2+ channel isoforms in murine colon: effect of inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2005; 449:288-97. [PMID: 15452714 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-004-1339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC) mediate calcium influx in response to membrane depolarization and regulate intracellular processes such as contraction, secretion, neurotransmission, and gene expression. Colonic inflammation significantly attenuates calcium currents in smooth muscle; however, the basis for this remains unclear. In this study we examined the protein and mRNA expression of two isoforms of Ca(v)1.2, encoded by either exon la or 1b. Both isoforms were detected by Western blots, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in smooth muscle cells. Neither the protein nor mRNA expression measured by real-time PCR of either isoforms was affected in colonic myocytes from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice. In whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments, the amplitude of the calcium currents were decreased by almost 70% by inflammation. The calcium channel currents were attenuated by 50 +/- 3% by the c-src kinase specific inhibitor, PP2, in control cells but only 19 +/- 7% in cells from inflamed mice. These studies suggest that decreased calcium channel currents following colonic inflammation are not due to decreased expression but may result from altered regulation by the non-receptor cellular tyrosine kinase, c-src kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Høy M, Berggren PO, Gromada J. Involvement of protein kinase C-epsilon in inositol hexakisphosphate-induced exocytosis in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:35168-71. [PMID: 12837755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303927200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) plays a pivotal role in the pancreatic beta-cell stimulus-secretion coupling. We have used capacitance measurements to study the effects of InsP6 on Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in single mouse pancreatic beta-cells. In the presence of inhibitors of the protein phosphatase calcineurin to block endocytosis, intracellular application of InsP6 produced a dose-dependent stimulation of exocytosis, and half-maximal effect was observed at 22 microM. The stimulatory effect of InsP6 was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific PKC isoforms (alpha, beta II, delta, epsilon, xi) revealed the involvement of PKC-epsilon in InsP6-induced exocytosis. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative PKC-epsilon abolished InsP6-evoked exocytosis, whereas expression of wild-type PKC-epsilon led to a significant stimulation of InsP6-induced exocytosis. These data demonstrate that PKC-epsilon is involved in InsP6-induced exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Høy
- Laboratory of Islet Cell Physiology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Alle, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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