1
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Van NTH, Kim WK, Nam JH. Challenges in the Therapeutic Targeting of KCa Channels: From Basic Physiology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2965. [PMID: 38474212 PMCID: PMC10932353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body and are able to regulate membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentrations, thereby playing key roles in cellular physiology and signal transmission. Consequently, it is unsurprising that KCa channels have been implicated in various diseases, making them potential targets for pharmaceutical interventions. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have been conducted to develop KCa channel-targeting drugs, including those for disorders of the central and peripheral nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary systems and for cancer. In this review, we synthesize recent findings regarding the structure and activating mechanisms of KCa channels. We also discuss the role of KCa channel modulators in therapeutic medicine. Finally, we identify the major reasons behind the delay in bringing these modulators to the pharmaceutical market and propose new strategies to promote their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Thi Hong Van
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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2
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Takács R, Kovács P, Ebeid RA, Almássy J, Fodor J, Ducza L, Barrett-Jolley R, Lewis R, Matta C. Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Progenitor Cells of Musculoskeletal Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076796. [PMID: 37047767 PMCID: PMC10095002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the main causes of disability worldwide, and their prevalence is predicted to increase in the coming decades. Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of some of the musculoskeletal diseases. Although significant progress has been made in musculoskeletal stem cell research, osteoarthritis, the most-common musculoskeletal disorder, still lacks curative treatment. To fine-tune stem-cell-based therapy, it is necessary to focus on the underlying biological mechanisms. Ion channels and the bioelectric signals they generate control the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of musculoskeletal progenitor cells. Calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (KCa) channels are key players in cell physiology in cells of the musculoskeletal system. This review article focused on the big conductance (BK) KCa channels. The regulatory function of BK channels requires interactions with diverse sets of proteins that have different functions in tissue-resident stem cells. In this narrative review article, we discuss the main ion channels of musculoskeletal stem cells, with a focus on calcium-dependent potassium channels, especially on the large conductance BK channel. We review their expression and function in progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and highlight gaps in current knowledge on their involvement in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rana Abdelsattar Ebeid
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Ducza
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Chen L, Hassani Nia F, Stauber T. Ion Channels and Transporters in Muscle Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13615. [PMID: 34948411 PMCID: PMC8703453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on ion channels in muscle tissues have mainly focused on physiological muscle function and related disorders, but emerging evidence supports a critical role of ion channels and transporters in developmental processes, such as controlling the myogenic commitment of stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ion channels and transporters that influence skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation, cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. We highlight examples of model organisms or patients with mutations in ion channels. Furthermore, a potential underlying molecular mechanism involving hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a series of calcium signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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4
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Pietrangelo T. Raising the Guanosine-Based Molecules as Regulators of Excitable Tissues by the Exosomal-Vehiculated Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658370. [PMID: 34393768 PMCID: PMC8363250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Chieti, Italy
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5
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Di Iorio P, Beggiato S, Ronci M, Nedel CB, Tasca CI, Zuccarini M. Unfolding New Roles for Guanine-Based Purines and Their Metabolizing Enzymes in Cancer and Aging Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653549. [PMID: 33935764 PMCID: PMC8085521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Ronci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - C B Nedel
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Gliomas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - C I Tasca
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica-4, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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6
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Iseki Y, Ono Y, Hibi C, Tanaka S, Takeshita S, Maejima Y, Kurokawa J, Murakawa M, Shimomura K, Sakamoto K. Opening of Intermediate Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells Increases the Myotube Diameter via the Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:454-462. [PMID: 33376149 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of potassium channels and the ensuing hyperpolarization in skeletal myoblasts are essential for myogenic differentiation. However, the effects of K+ channel opening in myoblasts on skeletal muscle mass are unclear. Our previous study revealed that pharmacological activation of intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa channels) increases myotube formation. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (DCEBIO), a Ca2+-activated K+ channel opener, on the mass of skeletal muscle. Application of DCEBIO to C2C12 cells during myogenesis increased the diameter of C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. This DCEBIO-induced hypertrophy was abolished by gene silencing of IKCa channels. However, it was resistant to 1 µM but sensitive to 10 µM TRAM-34, a specific IKCa channel blocker. Furthermore, DCEBIO reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential by opening IKCa channels. Therefore, DCEBIO should increase myotube mass by opening of IKCa channels distributed in mitochondria. Pharmacological studies revealed that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are involved in DCEBIO-induced myotube hypertrophy. An additional study demonstrated that DCEBIO-induced muscle hypertrophic effects are only observed when applied in the early stage of myogenic differentiation. In an in vitro myotube inflammatory atrophy experiment, DCEBIO attenuated the reduction of myotube diameter induced by endotoxin. Thus, we concluded that DCEBIO increases muscle mass by activating the IKCa channel/mitoROS/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our study suggests the potential of DCEBIO in the treatment of muscle wasting diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study shows that 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (DCEBIO), a small molecule opener of Ca2+-activated K+ channel, increased muscle diameter via the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. And DCEBIO overwhelms C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by endotoxin challenge. Our report should inform novel role of K+ channel in muscle development and novel usage of K+ channel opener such as for the treatment of muscle wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Iseki
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Yuko Ono
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Chihiro Hibi
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Shoko Tanaka
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Shunya Takeshita
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Junko Kurokawa
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Masahiro Murakawa
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
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7
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Belluati A, Craciun I, Palivan CG. Bioactive Catalytic Nanocompartments Integrated into Cell Physiology and Their Amplification of a Native Signaling Cascade. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12101-12112. [PMID: 32869973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive nanomaterials have the potential to overcome the limitations of classical pharmacological approaches by taking advantage of native pathways to influence cell behavior, interacting with them and eliciting responses. Herein, we propose a cascade system mediated by two catalytic nanocompartments (CNC) with biological activity. Activated by nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) produces cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger that modulates a broad range of physiological functions. As alterations in cGMP signaling are implicated in a multitude of pathologies, its signaling cascade represents a viable target for therapeutic intervention. Following along this line, we encapsulated iNOS and sGC in two separate polymeric compartments that function in unison to produce NO and cGMP. Their action was tested in vitro by monitoring the derived changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentrations of HeLa and differentiated C2C12 myocytes, where the produced second messenger influenced the cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Belluati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Craciun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Mancinelli R, Fanò-Illic G, Pietrangelo T, Fulle S. Guanosine-Based Nucleotides, the Sons of a Lesser God in the Purinergic Signal Scenario of Excitable Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051591. [PMID: 32111063 PMCID: PMC7084674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purines are nitrogen compounds consisting mainly of a nitrogen base of adenine (ABP) or guanine (GBP) and their derivatives: nucleosides (nitrogen bases plus ribose) and nucleotides (nitrogen bases plus ribose and phosphate). These compounds are very common in nature, especially in a phosphorylated form. There is increasing evidence that purines are involved in the development of different organs such as the heart, skeletal muscle and brain. When brain development is complete, some purinergic mechanisms may be silenced, but may be reactivated in the adult brain/muscle, suggesting a role for purines in regeneration and self-repair. Thus, it is possible that guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) also acts as regulator during the adult phase. However, regarding GBP, no specific receptor has been cloned for GTP or its metabolites, although specific binding sites with distinct GTP affinity characteristics have been found in both muscle and neural cell lines. Finally, even if the cross regulation mechanisms between the two different purines (ABP and GBP) are still largely unknown, it is now possible to hypothesize the existence of specific signal paths for guanosine-based nucleotides that are capable of modulating the intensity and duration of the intracellular signal, particularly in excitable tissues such as brain and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (T.P.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Miology (IIM), 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Fanò-Illic
- Interuniversity Institute of Miology (IIM), 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Libera Università di Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06024 Gubbio, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (T.P.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Miology (IIM), 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (T.P.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Miology (IIM), 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Chen L, Becker TM, Koch U, Stauber T. The LRRC8/VRAC anion channel facilitates myogenic differentiation of murine myoblasts by promoting membrane hyperpolarization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14279-14288. [PMID: 31387946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation involves elaborate signaling networks, including the activity of various ion channels and transporters. Several K+ and Ca2+ channels have been shown to affect myogenesis, but little is known about roles of Cl- channels in the associated processes. Here, we report that the leucine-rich repeat containing family 8 (LRRC8)/volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) promotes mouse myoblast differentiation. All LRRC8 subunits of heteromeric VRAC were expressed during myotube formation of murine C2C12 myoblasts. Pharmacological VRAC inhibitors, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the essential VRAC subunit LRRC8A, or VRAC activity-suppressing overexpression of LRRC8A effectively reduced the expression of the myogenic transcription factor myogenin and suppressed myoblast fusion while not affecting myoblast proliferation. We found that inhibiting VRAC impairs plasma membrane hyperpolarization early during differentiation. At later times (more than 6 h after inducing differentiation), VRAC inhibition no longer suppressed myoblast differentiation, suggesting that VRAC acts upstream of K+ channel activation. Consequently, VRAC inhibition prevented the increase of intracellular steady-state Ca2+ levels that normally occurs during myogenesis. Our results may explain the mechanism for the thinning of skeletal muscle bundles observed in LRRC8A-deficient mice and highlight the importance of the LRRC8/VRAC anion channel in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Becker
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Koch
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Pietrangelo T, Di Filippo ES, Locatelli M, Piacenza F, Farina M, Pavoni E, Di Donato A, Innosa D, Provinciali M, Fulle S. Extracellular Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Induces Human Muscle Satellite Cells to Release Exosomes Stuffed With Guanosine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29615899 PMCID: PMC5865081 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular guanosine 5'-triphosphate, GTP, has been demonstrated to be an enhancer of myogenic cell differentiation in a murine cell line, not yet in human muscle cells. Our hypothesis was that GTP could influence also human skeletal muscle regeneration, specifically in the first phases. We tested GTP stimulus on human muscle precursor cells established in culture by human satellite cells derived from Vastus Lateralis of three young male. Our data show that extracellular GTP (a) up-regulated miRNA (specifically miR133a and miR133b) and myogenic regulator factor and (b) induces human myogenic precursor cells to release exosomes stuffed with guanosine based molecules (mainly guanosine) in the extracellular milieu. We think that probably these exosomes could be addressed to influence by means of their content (mainly guanosine) in paracrine or autocrine manner the surrounding cells and/or at distance other muscles or tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Dipartimento Neuroscienze Imaging and Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester S Di Filippo
- Dipartimento Neuroscienze Imaging and Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell'Invecchiamento, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Farina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pavoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Donato
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Denise Innosa
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell'Invecchiamento, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Dipartimento Neuroscienze Imaging and Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Di Filippo ES, Mancinelli R, Marrone M, Doria C, Verratti V, Toniolo L, Dantas JL, Fulle S, Pietrangelo T. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves skeletal muscle regeneration through satellite cell fusion with myofibers in healthy elderly subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:501-512. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00855.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) affects skeletal muscle regeneration through a reduction of oxidative status in satellite cells of healthy elderly subjects. Satellite cells from the vastus lateralis skeletal muscle of 12 healthy elderly subjects before and after 8 wk of NMES were allowed to proliferate to provide myogenic populations of adult stem cells [myogenic precursor cells (MPCs)]. These MPCs were then investigated in terms of their proliferation, their basal cytoplasmic free Ca2+concentrations, and their expression of myogenic regulatory factors ( PAX3, PAX7, MYF5, MYOD, and MYOG) and micro-RNAs (miR-1, miR-133a/b, and miR-206). The oxidative status of these MPCs was evaluated through superoxide anion production and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. On dissected single skeletal myofibers, the nuclei were counted to determine the myonuclear density, the fiber phenotype, cross-sectional area, and tension developed. The MPCs obtained after NMES showed increased proliferation rates along with increased cytoplasmic free Ca2+concentrations and gene expression of MYOD and MYOG on MPCs. Muscle-specific miR-1, miR-133a/b, and miR-206 were upregulated. This NMES significantly reduced superoxide anion production, along with a trend to reduction of superoxide dismutase activity. The NMES-dependent stimulation of muscle regeneration enhanced satellite cell fusion with mature skeletal fibers. NMES improved the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in elderly subjects. Accordingly, the skeletal muscle strength and mobility of NMES-stimulated elderly subjects significantly improved. NMES may thus be further considered for clinical or ageing populations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) effect on skeletal muscle regeneration was assessed in healthy elderly subjects for the first time. NMES improved the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle through increased myogenic precursor cell proliferation and fusion with mature myofibers. The increased cytoplasmic free Ca2+concentration along with MYOD, MYOG, and micro-RNA upregulation could be related to reduced O2·−production, which, in turn, favors myogenic regeneration. Accordingly, the skeletal muscle strength of NMES-stimulated lower limbs of healthy elderly subjects improved along with their mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and
| | - Mariangela Marrone
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - José Luiz Dantas
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and
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12
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Tanaka S, Ono Y, Sakamoto K. DCEBIO facilitates myogenic differentiation via intermediate conductance Ca 2+ activated K + channel activation in C2C12 myoblasts. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:276-279. [PMID: 28302447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane hyperpolarization is suggested to be a trigger for skeletal muscle differentiation. We investigated whether DCEBIO, an opener of the small/intermediate conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (SKCa/IKCa) channels, increase myogenic differentiation in C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. DCEBIO significantly increased myotube formation, protein expression level of myosin heavy chain II, and mRNA expression level of myogenin in C2C12 myoblasts cultured in differentiation medium. DCEBIO induced myotube formation and hyperpolarization were reduced by the IKCa channel blocker TRAM-34, but not by the SKCa channel blocker apamin. These findings show that DCEBIO increases myogenic differentiation by activating IKCa channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Ono
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan; Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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13
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Matta C, Fodor J, Csernoch L, Zákány R. Purinergic signalling-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) concentration changes in the regulation of chondrogenesis and skeletal muscle formation. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:108-16. [PMID: 26925979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely recognised that changes of the intracellular calcium concentration have deep impact on the differentiation of various non-excitable cells including the elements of the vertebrate skeleton. It has become evident that purinergic signalling is one of the most ancient cellular mechanisms that can cause such alterations in the intracellular Ca(2+)-homeostasis, which are precisely set either spatially or temporally. Purinergic signalling is believed to regulate intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration of developing cartilage and skeletal muscle cells and suggested to play roles in the modulation of various cellular functions. This idea is supported by the fact that pluripotent mesenchymal cells, chondroprogenitors or muscle precursors, as well as mature chondrocytes all are capable of releasing ectonucleotides, and express various types of purinoreceptors and ectonucleotidases. The presence of the basic components of purinergic signalling proves that cells of the chondrogenic lineage can utilise this mechanism for modulating their intracellular Ca(2+) concentration independently from the surrounding skeletal muscle and bone tissues, which are well known to release ectopurines during development and mechanical stress. In this review, we summarize accumulating experimental evidence supporting the importance of purinergic signalling in the regulation of chondrogenesis and during skeletal muscle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary; Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
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14
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Bhuyan MK, Rodriguez-Devora J, Tseng TLB, Boland T. Photovoltaic surfaces enable clonal myoblastic cell release using visible light as external stimulation. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:393-8. [PMID: 26710125 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many new biomedical approaches to treating disease require the supply of cells delivered to an injured or diseased organ either individually, collectively as aggregates or sheets, or encapsulated with a scaffold. The collection of cells is accomplished by using enzymatic digestion witch suffer from the need to remove the enzymes after digestion. In addition, enzymatic methods are not applicable for all cells, cell aggregates, cell sheets or 3D structures. The objective of this study was to investigate the release of cultured cells from silicon based Photovoltaic (PV) surfaces using a light source as external stimulation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on the negative surface of a PV device and upon confluence they were exposed to light. The amount of released cells was quantified as a function light exposure. It was found that light exposure at 25,000 lux for one hour caused equivalent cell release from the PV surface than trypsination. The released cells are viable and can be re-cultured if needed. This mechanism may offer an alternative method to release excitable cells without using an enzymatic agent. This may be important for cell therapy if larger cell structures such as sheets need to be collected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng
- Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Boland
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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15
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Pietrangelo T, Di Filippo ES, Mancinelli R, Doria C, Rotini A, Fanò-Illic G, Fulle S. Low Intensity Exercise Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Potential. Front Physiol 2015; 6:399. [PMID: 26733888 PMCID: PMC4689811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether 12 days of low-to-moderate exercise training at low altitude (598 m a.s.l.) improves skeletal muscle regeneration in sedentary adult women. Methods: Satellite cells were obtained from the vastus lateralis skeletal muscle of seven women before and after this exercise training at low altitude. They were investigated for differentiation aspects, superoxide anion production, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial potential variation after a depolarizing insult, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, and micro (mi)RNA expression (miR-1, miR-133, miR-206). Results: In these myogenic populations of adult stem cells, those obtained after exercise training, showed increased Fusion Index and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. This exercise training also generally reduced superoxide anion production in cells (by 12–67%), although not in two women, where there was an increase of ~15% along with a reduced superoxide dismutase activity. miRNA expression showed an exercise-induced epigenetic transcription profile that was specific according to the reduced or increased superoxide anion production of the cells. Conclusions: The present study shows that low-to-moderate exercise training at low altitude improves the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in adult women. The differentiation of cells was favored by increased intracellular calcium concentration and increased the fusion index. This low-to-moderate training at low altitude also depicted the epigenetic signature of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
| | - Ester S Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Rotini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fanò-Illic
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Centre for Aging Sciences, d'Annunzio FoundationChieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of MyologyChieti, Italy
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16
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Fulle S. Purinergic signalling during myogenesis: a role for adenosine and its receptors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:436-9. [PMID: 26082066 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences; Section of Physiology and Physiopathology; Interuniversity Institute of Myology; University “G.d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti Italy
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17
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New insights into the relationship between mIGF-1-induced hypertrophy and Ca2+ handling in differentiated satellite cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107753. [PMID: 25229238 PMCID: PMC4168228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration involves the activation of satellite cells, is regulated at the genetic and epigenetic levels, and is strongly influenced by gene activation and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether the overexpression of mIGF-1 can modify functional features of satellite cells during the differentiation process, particularly in relation to modifications of intracellular Ca2+ handling. Satellite cells were isolated from wild-type and MLC/mIGF-1 transgenic mice. The cells were differentiated in vitro, and morphological analyses, intracellular Ca2+ measurements, and ionic current recordings were performed. mIGF-1 overexpression accelerates satellite cell differentiation and promotes myotube hypertrophy. In addition, mIGF-1 overexpression-induced potentiation of myogenesis triggers both quantitative and qualitative changes to the control of intracellular Ca2+ handling. In particular, the differentiated MLC/mIGF-1 transgenic myotubes have reduced velocity and amplitude of intracellular Ca2+ increases after stimulation with caffeine, KCl and acetylcholine. This appears to be due, at least in part, to changes in the physico-chemical state of the sarcolemma (increased membrane lipid oxidation, increased output currents) and to increased expression of dihydropyridine voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, extracellular ATP and GTP evoke intracellular Ca2+ mobilization to greater extents in the MLC/mIGF-1 transgenic satellite cells, compared to the wild-type cells. These data suggest that these MLC/mIGF-1 transgenic satellite cells are more sensitive to trophic stimuli, which can potentiate the effects of mIGF-1 on the myogenic programme.
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18
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Burnstock G, Arnett TR, Orriss IR. Purinergic signalling in the musculoskeletal system. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:541-72. [PMID: 23943493 PMCID: PMC3889393 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely recognised that extracellular nucleotides, signalling via purinergic receptors, participate in numerous biological processes in most tissues. It has become evident that extracellular nucleotides have significant regulatory effects in the musculoskeletal system. In early development, ATP released from motor nerves along with acetylcholine acts as a cotransmitter in neuromuscular transmission; in mature animals, ATP functions as a neuromodulator. Purinergic receptors expressed by skeletal muscle and satellite cells play important pathophysiological roles in their development or repair. In many cell types, expression of purinergic receptors is often dependent on differentiation. For example, sequential expression of P2X5, P2Y1 and P2X2 receptors occurs during muscle regeneration in the mdx model of muscular dystrophy. In bone and cartilage cells, the functional effects of purinergic signalling appear to be largely negative. ATP stimulates the formation and activation of osteoclasts, the bone-destroying cells. Another role appears to be as a potent local inhibitor of mineralisation. In osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, ATP acts via P2 receptors to limit bone mineralisation by inhibiting alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. Extracellular ATP additionally exerts significant effects on mineralisation via its hydrolysis product, pyrophosphate. Evidence now suggests that purinergic signalling is potentially important in several bone and joint disorders including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancers. Strategies for future musculoskeletal therapies might involve modulation of purinergic receptor function or of the ecto-nucleotidases responsible for ATP breakdown or ATP transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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19
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Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Laserra S, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Di Filippo ES, Fulle S, Fontana A, Di Crescenzo A, Grilli M, Marchi M, Di Stefano A. Memantine-sulfur containing antioxidant conjugates as potential prodrugs to improve the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:187-98. [PMID: 23454012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The approved treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exploit mainly a symptomatic approach based on the use of cholinesterase inhibitors or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Natural antioxidant compounds, able to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have been extensively studied as useful neuroprotective agents. A novel approach towards excitotoxicity protection and oxidative stress associated with excess β amyloid (Aβ) preservation in AD is represented by selective glutamatergic antagonists that possess as well antioxidant capabilities. In the present work, GSH (1) or (R)-α-lipoic acid (LA) (2) have been covalently linked with the NMDA receptor antagonists memantine (MEM). The new conjugates, proposed as potential antialzheimer drugs, should act both as glutamate receptor antagonists and radical scavenging agents. The physico-chemical properties and "in vitro" membrane permeability, the enzymatic and chemical stability, the demonstrated "in vitro" antioxidant activity associated to the capacity to inhibit Aβ(1-42) aggregation makes at least compound 2 a promising candidate for treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Sozio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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20
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Sciancalepore M, Luin E, Parato G, Ren E, Giniatullin R, Fabbretti E, Lorenzon P. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the promotion of the ATP-mediated proliferation of mouse skeletal myoblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1392-8. [PMID: 22917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) participate in autocrine and paracrine regulation in skeletal muscle. However, the link between these two signaling systems is not well established. Here, we studied cell proliferation as a possible consequence of the trophic effect of ATP in cultured skeletal mouse myoblasts and we tested the possibility that low concentrations of ROS represent the intermediate signaling molecule mediating this effect. Exposure to 10 μM ATP increased proliferation of mouse myoblasts by ~20%. ATP also induced intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations, which were independent of extracellular Ca(2+). Both effects of ATP were prevented by suramin, a broad-spectrum purinergic P2 receptor antagonist. In contrast, the adenosine receptor blocker CGS-15943 did not modify the ATP-mediated effects. Consistent with this, adenosine per se did not change myoblast growth, indicating the direct action of ATP via P2 receptor activation. The proliferative effect of ATP was prevented after depletion of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by the peroxidase enzyme catalase. Low-micromolar concentrations of exogenous H(2)O(2) mimicked the stimulatory effect of ATP on myoblast growth. DCF imaging revealed ATP-induced catalase and DPI-sensitive ROS production in myoblasts. In conclusion, our results indicate that extracellular ATP controls mouse myoblast proliferation via induction of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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21
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Mancinelli R, Kern H, Fulle S, Carraro U, Zampieri S, La Rovere R, Fanò G, Pietrangelo T. Transcriptional profile of denervated vastus lateralis muscle derived from a patient 8 months after spinal cord injury: a case-report. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:749-59. [PMID: 21978686 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of motor neurons abolishes both neurotrophic factor secretion and contractile activity in muscle, which impairs mass, contractile properties, and fibre-type characteristics of the muscle. However, the molecular pathways that can be stimulated or repressed in the scenario of spinal cord injury remain unknown. We investigated for the first time the transcriptional profile of a young male patient 8 months after spinal cord injury. Adaptive metabolic changes of complete denervated skeletal muscle were revealed. In particular, the main molecular pathways involved include metabolic and proteolitic pathways, mitochondrial and synaptic function, calcium homeostasis, sarcomere and anchorage structures. Our data depict the molecular signalling still present in complete denervated skeletal muscle fibres a few months after spinal cord injury. These data could be of interest also to design a specific therapeutic approach aimed at the electrical-stimulation of severe atrophied skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mancinelli
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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22
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Mancinelli R, Pietrangelo T, Burnstock G, Fanò G, Fulle S. Transcriptional profile of GTP-mediated differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Purinergic Signal 2011; 8:207-21. [PMID: 22127439 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several purine receptors have been localised on skeletal muscle membranes. Previous data support the hypothesis that extracellular guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) is an important regulatory factor in the development and function of muscle tissue. We have previously described specific extracellular binding sites for GTP on the plasma membrane of mouse skeletal muscle (C2C12) cells. Extracellular GTP induces an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations that results in membrane hyperpolarisation through Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, as has been demonstrated by patch-clamp experiments. This GTP-evoked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) is due to release of Ca(2+) from intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. This enhances the expression of the myosin heavy chain in these C2C12 myoblasts and commits them to fuse into multinucleated myotubes, probably via a phosphoinositide-3-kinase-dependent signal-transduction mechanism. To define the signalling of extracellular GTP as an enhancer or modulator of myogenesis, we investigated whether the gene-expression profile of differentiated C2C12 cells (4 and 24 h in culture) is affected by extracellular GTP. To investigate the nuclear activity and target genes modulated by GTP, transcriptional profile analysis and real-time PCR were used. We demonstrate that in the early stages of differentiation, GTP up-regulates genes involved in different pathways associated with myogenic processes, including cytoskeleton structure, the respiratory chain, myogenesis, chromatin reorganisation, cell adhesion, and the Jak/Stat pathway, and down-regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. GTP also increases the expression of three genes involved in myogenesis, Pp3ca, Gsk3b, and Pax7. Our data suggests that in the myogenic C2C12 cell line, extracellular GTP acts as a differentiative factor in the induction and sustaining of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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23
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Pietrangelo T, Giampietro L, De Filippis B, La Rovere R, Fulle S, Amoroso R. Effect of milrinone analogues on intracellular calcium increase in single living H9C2 cardiac cells. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4928-33. [PMID: 20801556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of milrinone analogues where the 4-pyridyl moiety was replaced by an ester or amide group is reported. Only amide derivatives are able to support intracellular calcium influx following chemical depolarization with 60 mM KCl in a percentage varying from 20 to 45% of differentiated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Those cells were differentiated after chronic exposure to 10 nM retinoic acid which induces the expression of voltage-gated calcium channels. Analogues of milrinone containing an ester function did not show significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base e Applicate, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Guarnieri S, Pilla R, Morabito C, Sacchetti S, Mancinelli R, Fanò G, Mariggiò MA. Extracellular guanosine and GTP promote expression of differentiation markers and induce S-phase cell-cycle arrest in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 27:135-47. [PMID: 19111604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, a model for studying neuronal differentiation, are able to differentiate into either cholinergic or dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotypes depending on media conditions. Using this system, we asked whether guanosine (Guo) or guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) are able to drive differentiation towards one particular phenotype. Differentiation was determined by evaluating the frequency of cells bearing neurites and assessing neurite length after exposure to different concentrations of Guo or GTP for different durations. After 6 days, 0.3 mM Guo or GTP induced a significant increase in the number of cells bearing neurites and increased neurite length. Western blot analyses confirmed that purines induced differentiation; cells exposed to purines showed increases in the levels of GAP43, MAP2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Proliferation assays and cytofluorimetric analyses indicated a significant anti-proliferative effect of purines, and a concentration-dependent accumulation of cells in S-phase, starting after 24 h of purine exposure and extending for up to 6 days. A transcriptional profile analysis using gene arrays showed that an up-regulation of cyclin E2/cdk2 evident after 24 h was responsible for S-phase entry, and a concurrent down-regulation of cell-cycle progression-promoting cyclin B1/B2 prevented S-phase exit. In addition, patch-clamp recordings revealed that 0.3 mM Guo or GTP, after 6 day incubation, significantly decreased Na(+) currents. In conclusion, we showed Guo- and GTP-induced cell-cycle arrest in neuroblastoma cells and suggest that this makes these cells more responsive to differentiation processes that favor the dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guarnieri
- Dipartamento Scienze Mediche di Base ed Applicate Università G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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Maccallini C, Pietrangelo T, Mancinelli R, Amoroso R, Bettoni G, Fulle S. The excitation–contraction coupling on C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes was modulated by NO-donor ester of gemfibrozil. Nitric Oxide 2008; 18:168-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pietrangelo T, Guarnieri S, Fulle S, Fanò G, Mariggiò MA. Signal transduction events induced by extracellular guanosine 5' triphosphate in excitable cells. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:633-6. [PMID: 18404466 PMCID: PMC2096655 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the physiological effects of guanosine-based purines should help clarify the complex subject of purinergic signalling. We studied the effect of extracellular guanosine 5′triphosphate (GTP) on the differentiation of two excitable cell lines that both have specific binding sites for GTP: PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells and C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. PC12 cells can be differentiated into fully functional sympathetic-like neurons with 50′00 ng ml−1 of nerve growth factor, whereas serum starvation causes C2C12 cells to differentiate into myotubes showing functional excitation–contraction coupling, with the expression of myosin heavy chain proteins. Our results show that GTP enhances the differentiation of both of these excitable cell lines. The early events in guanosine-based purine signal transduction appear to involve an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and membrane hyperpolarization. We further investigated the early activation of extracellular-regulated kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase in GTP-stimulated PC12 and C2C12 cells, respectively. We found that GTP promotes the activation of both kinases. Together, our results suggest that, even if there are some differences in the signalling pathways, GTP-induced differentiation in both cell lines is dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Pietrangelo
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Guarnieri
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Fulle
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - G. Fanò
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. A. Mariggiò
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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