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Bharadwaj AG, Okura GC, Woods JW, Allen EA, Miller VA, Kempster E, Hancock MA, Gujar S, Slibinskas R, Waisman DM. Identification and characterization of calreticulin as a novel plasminogen receptor. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105465. [PMID: 37979915 PMCID: PMC10770727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) was originally identified as a key calcium-binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, CRT was shown to possess multiple intracellular functions, including roles in calcium homeostasis and protein folding. Recently, several extracellular functions have been identified for CRT, including roles in cancer cell invasion and phagocytosis of apoptotic and cancer cells by macrophages. In the current report, we uncover a novel function for extracellular CRT and report that CRT functions as a plasminogen-binding receptor that regulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. We show that human recombinant or bovine tissue-derived CRT dramatically stimulated the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that CRT-bound plasminogen (KD = 1.8 μM) with moderate affinity. Plasminogen binding and activation by CRT were inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid, suggesting that an internal lysine residue of CRT interacts with plasminogen. We subsequently show that clinically relevant CRT variants (lacking four or eight lysines in carboxyl-terminal region) exhibited decreased plasminogen activation. Furthermore, CRT-deficient fibroblasts generated 90% less plasmin and CRT-depleted MDA MB 231 cells also demonstrated a significant reduction in plasmin generation. Moreover, treatment of fibroblasts with mitoxantrone dramatically stimulated plasmin generation by WT but not CRT-deficient fibroblasts. Our results suggest that CRT is an important cellular plasminogen regulatory protein. Given that CRT can empower cells with plasmin proteolytic activity, this discovery may provide new mechanistic insight into the established role of CRT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gillian C Okura
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John W Woods
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erica A Allen
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark A Hancock
- McGill SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - David M Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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2
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Murzilli S, Serano M, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F, Paolini C. Structural Adaptation of the Excitation-Contraction Coupling Apparatus in Calsequestrin1-Null Mice during Postnatal Development. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1064. [PMID: 37626950 PMCID: PMC10452101 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The precise arrangement and peculiar interaction of transverse tubule (T-tubule) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes efficiently guarantee adequate contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibers. Fast muscle fibers from mice lacking calsequestrin 1 (CASQ1) are characterized by the profound ultrastructural remodeling of T-tubule/SR junctions. This study investigates the role of CASQ1, an essential component of calcium release units (CRUs), in the postnatal development of muscle fibers. By using CASQ1-knockout mice, we examined the maturation of CRUs and the involvement of different junctional proteins in the juxtaposition of the membrane system. Our morphological investigation of both wild-type (WT) and CASQ1-null extensor digitorum longus (EDL) fibers, from 1 week to 4 months of age, yielded noteworthy findings. Firstly, we observed that the absence of CASQ1 hindered the full maturation of CRUs, despite the correct localization of key junctional components (ryanodine receptor, dihydropyridine receptor, and triadin) to the junctional SR in adult animals. Furthermore, analysis of protein expression profiles related to T-tubule biogenesis and organization (junctophilin 1, amphiphysin 2, caveolin 3, and mitsugumin 29) demonstrated delayed progression in their expression during postnatal development in the absence of CASQ1, suggesting the impaired maturation of CRUs. The absence of CASQ1 directly impacts the proper assembly of CRUs during development and influences the expression and coordination of other proteins involved in T-tubule biogenesis and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Murzilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Matteo Serano
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences (DMSI), Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.S.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences (DMSI), Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.S.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences (DMSI), Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.S.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Cecilia Paolini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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3
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of impaired excitation-contraction coupling and abnormal calcium handling in muscular dystrophy. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200003. [PMID: 35902360 PMCID: PMC10078611 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The X-linked inherited neuromuscular disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterised by primary abnormalities in the membrane cytoskeletal component dystrophin. The almost complete absence of the Dp427-M isoform of dystrophin in skeletal muscles renders contractile fibres more susceptible to progressive degeneration and a leaky sarcolemma membrane. This in turn results in abnormal calcium homeostasis, enhanced proteolysis and impaired excitation-contraction coupling. Biochemical and mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies of both patient biopsy specimens and genetic animal models of dystrophinopathy have demonstrated significant changes in the concentration and/or physiological function of essential calcium-regulatory proteins in dystrophin-lacking voluntary muscles. Abnormalities include dystrophinopathy-associated changes in voltage sensing receptors, calcium release channels, calcium pumps and calcium binding proteins. This review article provides an overview of the importance of the sarcolemmal dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and the wider dystrophin complexome in skeletal muscle and its linkage to depolarisation-induced calcium-release mechanisms and the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle. Besides chronic inflammation, fat substitution and reactive myofibrosis, a major pathobiochemical hallmark of X-linked muscular dystrophy is represented by the chronic influx of calcium ions through the damaged plasmalemma in conjunction with abnormal intracellular calcium fluxes and buffering. Impaired calcium handling proteins should therefore be included in an improved biomarker signature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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4
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Nemirovskaya TL, Sharlo KA. Roles of ATP and SERCA in the Regulation of Calcium Turnover in Unloaded Skeletal Muscles: Current View and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136937. [PMID: 35805949 PMCID: PMC9267070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in skeletal muscle contractile activity or its complete cessation (muscle unloading or disuse) leads to muscle fibers’ atrophy and to alterations in muscle performance. These changes negatively affect the quality of life of people who, for one reason or another, are forced to face a limitation of physical activity. One of the key regulatory events leading to the muscle disuse-induced changes is an impairment of calcium homeostasis, which leads to the excessive accumulation of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm. This review aimed to analyze the triggering mechanisms of calcium homeostasis impairment (including those associated with the accumulation of high-energy phosphates) under various types of muscle unloading. Here we proposed a hypothesis about the regulatory mechanisms of SERCA and IP3 receptors activity during muscle unloading, and about the contribution of these mechanisms to the excessive calcium ion myoplasmic accumulation and gene transcription regulation via excitation–transcription coupling.
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Espinosa KG, Geissah S, Groom L, Volpatti J, Scott IC, Dirksen RT, Zhao M, Dowling JJ. Characterization of a novel zebrafish model of SPEG-related centronuclear myopathy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275324. [PMID: 35293586 PMCID: PMC9118044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital neuromuscular disorder caused by pathogenic variation in genes associated with membrane trafficking and excitation–contraction coupling (ECC). Bi-allelic autosomal-recessive mutations in striated muscle enriched protein kinase (SPEG) account for a subset of CNM patients. Previous research has been limited by the perinatal lethality of constitutive Speg knockout mice. Thus, the precise biological role of SPEG in developing skeletal muscle remains unknown. To address this issue, we generated zebrafish spega, spegb and spega;spegb (speg-DKO) mutant lines. We demonstrated that speg-DKO zebrafish faithfully recapitulate multiple phenotypes associated with CNM, including disruption of the ECC machinery, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis during ECC and impairment of muscle performance. Taking advantage of zebrafish models of multiple CNM genetic subtypes, we compared novel and known disease markers in speg-DKO with mtm1-KO and DNM2-S619L transgenic zebrafish. We observed Desmin accumulation common to all CNM subtypes, and Dnm2 upregulation in muscle of both speg-DKO and mtm1-KO zebrafish. In all, we establish a new model of SPEG-related CNM, and identify abnormalities in this model suitable for defining disease pathomechanisms and evaluating potential therapies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: We created a novel zebrafish Speg mutant model of centronuclear myopathy that recapitulates key features of the human disorder and provides insight into pathomechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Espinosa
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Salma Geissah
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan Volpatti
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Development and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mo Zhao
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Room 1436D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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6
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Babich M, Sharma A, Li T, Radosevich JA. Labyrinthin: A distinct pan-adenocarcinoma diagnostic and immunotherapeutic tumor specific antigen. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08988. [PMID: 35252607 PMCID: PMC8891966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural analysis and detection of optimal cell surface localization of labyrinthin, a pan-adenocarcinoma target, was studied with respect to adenocarcinoma specificity vs. normal and non-adenocarcinoma cells. Patient-derived tissue microarray immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 729 commercially prepared tissue blocks of lung, colon, breast, pancreas, prostate, and ovary cancers combined, plus a National Cancer Institute (NCI) tissue microarray derived from another 236 cases. The results confirmed that anti-labyrinthin mouse monoclonal MCA 44-3A6 antibody recognized adenocarcinomas, but not normal or non-adenocarcinoma cancer cells. The consensus of multiple topology analysis programs on labyrinthin (255 amino acids) estimate a type II cell membrane associated protein with an N-terminus signal peptide. However, because the labyrinthin sequence is enveloped within the 758 amino acids of the intracellular aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase (ASPH), a purported tumor associated antigen, standard IHC methods that permeabilize cells can expose common epitopes. To circumvent antibody cross-reactivity, cell surface labyrinthin was distinguished from intracellular ASPH by FACS analysis of permeabilized vs non-permeabilized cells. All permeabilized normal, adeno-and non-adenocarcinoma cells produced a strong MCA 44-3A6 binding signal, likely reflecting co-recognition of intracellular ASPH proteins along with internalized labyrinthin, but in non-permeabilized cells only adenocarcinoma cells were positive for labyrinthin. Confocal microscopy confirmed the FACS results. Labyrinthin as a functional cell-surface marker was suggested when: 1) WI-38 normal lung fibroblasts transfected with labyrinthin sense cDNA displayed a cancerous phenotype; 2) antisense transfection of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells appeared more normal; and 3) MCA44-3A6 suppressed A549 cell proliferation. Collectively, the data indicate that labyrinthin is a unique, promising adenocarcinoma tumor-specific antigen and therapeutic target. The study also raises a controversial issue on the extent, specificity, and usefulness of ASPH as an adenocarcinoma tumor-associated antigen.
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7
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Nusier M, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Structure-Function Relationships and Modifications of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-Transport. Physiol Res 2022; 70:S443-S470. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized tubular network, which not only maintains the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ at a low level but is also known to release and accumulate Ca2+ for the occurrence of cardiac contraction and relaxation, respectively. This subcellular organelle is composed of several phospholipids and different Ca2+-cycling, Ca2+-binding and regulatory proteins, which work in a coordinated manner to determine its function in cardiomyocytes. Some of the major proteins in the cardiac SR membrane include Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2), Ca2+-release protein (ryanodine receptor), calsequestrin (Ca2+-binding protein) and phospholamban (regulatory protein). The phosphorylation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins by protein kinase A or Ca2+-calmodulin kinase (directly or indirectly) has been demonstrated to augment SR Ca2+-release and Ca2+-uptake activities and promote cardiac contraction and relaxation functions. The activation of phospholipases and proteases as well as changes in different gene expressions under different pathological conditions have been shown to alter the SR composition and produce Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes for the development of cardiac dysfunction. The post-translational modifications of SR Ca2+ cycling proteins by processes such as oxidation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, sumoylation, and O GlcNacylation have also been reported to affect the SR Ca2+ release and uptake activities as well as cardiac contractile activity. The SR function in the heart is also influenced in association with changes in cardiac performance by several hormones including thyroid hormones and adiponectin as well as by exercise-training. On the basis of such observations, it is suggested that both Ca2+-cycling and regulatory proteins in the SR membranes are intimately involved in determining the status of cardiac function and are thus excellent targets for drug development for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - NS Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen, Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 Canada.
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8
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Brandenburg S, Pawlowitz J, Steckmeister V, Subramanian H, Uhlenkamp D, Scardigli M, Mushtaq M, Amlaz SI, Kohl T, Wegener JW, Arvanitis DA, Sanoudou D, Sacconi L, Hasenfuss G, Voigt N, Nikolaev VO, Lehnart SE. A junctional cAMP compartment regulates rapid Ca 2+ signaling in atrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:141-157. [PMID: 35033544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Axial tubule junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum control the rapid intracellular Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release that initiates atrial contraction. In atrial myocytes we previously identified a constitutively increased ryanodine receptor (RyR2) phosphorylation at junctional Ca2+ release sites, whereas non-junctional RyR2 clusters were phosphorylated acutely following β-adrenergic stimulation. Here, we hypothesized that the baseline synthesis of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is constitutively augmented in the axial tubule junctional compartments of atrial myocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of atrial myocytes revealed that junctin, binding to RyR2 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was densely clustered at axial tubule junctions. Interestingly, a new transgenic junctin-targeted FRET cAMP biosensor was exclusively co-clustered in the junctional compartment, and hence allowed to monitor cAMP selectively in the vicinity of junctional RyR2 channels. To dissect local cAMP levels at axial tubule junctions versus subsurface Ca2+ release sites, we developed a confocal FRET imaging technique for living atrial myocytes. A constitutively high adenylyl cyclase activity sustained increased local cAMP levels at axial tubule junctions, whereas β-adrenergic stimulation overcame this cAMP compartmentation resulting in additional phosphorylation of non-junctional RyR2 clusters. Adenylyl cyclase inhibition, however, abolished the junctional RyR2 phosphorylation and decreased L-type Ca2+ channel currents, while FRET imaging showed a rapid cAMP decrease. In conclusion, FRET biosensor imaging identified compartmentalized, constitutively augmented cAMP levels in junctional dyads, driving both the locally increased phosphorylation of RyR2 clusters and larger L-type Ca2+ current density in atrial myocytes. This cell-specific cAMP nanodomain is maintained by a constitutively increased adenylyl cyclase activity, contributing to the rapid junctional Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, whereas β-adrenergic stimulation overcomes the junctional cAMP compartmentation through cell-wide activation of non-junctional RyR2 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Brandenburg
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Pawlowitz
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Steckmeister
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Uhlenkamp
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Scardigli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mufassra Mushtaq
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia I Amlaz
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg W Wegener
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Demetrios A Arvanitis
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; Heart Research Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; BioMET, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lilliu E, Koenig S, Koenig X, Frieden M. Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Skeletal Muscle: What Makes It Different? Cells 2021; 10:cells10092356. [PMID: 34572005 PMCID: PMC8468011 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regarding its localization, kinetics, and regulation is mostly derived from studies performed in non-excitable cells. After a long time of relative disinterest in skeletal muscle SOCE, this mechanism is now recognized as an essential contributor to muscle physiology, as highlighted by the muscle pathologies that are associated with mutations in the SOCE molecules STIM1 and Orai1. This review mainly focuses on the peculiar aspects of skeletal muscle SOCE that differentiate it from its counterpart found in non-excitable cells. This includes questions about SOCE localization and the movement of respective proteins in the highly organized skeletal muscle fibers, as well as the diversity of expressed STIM isoforms and their differential expression between muscle fiber types. The emerging evidence of a phasic SOCE, which is activated during EC coupling, and its physiological implication is described as well. The specific issues related to the use of SOCE modulators in skeletal muscles are discussed. This review highlights the complexity of SOCE activation and its regulation in skeletal muscle, with an emphasis on the most recent findings and the aim to reach a current picture of this mesmerizing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lilliu
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stéphane Koenig
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (M.F.)
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10
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Elbaz M, Ruiz A, Nicolay S, Tupini C, Bachmann C, Eckhardt J, Benucci S, Pelczar P, Treves S, Zorzato F. Bi-allelic expression of the RyR1 p.A4329D mutation decreases muscle strength in slow-twitch muscles in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10331-10339. [PMID: 32499372 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene are associated with several human congenital myopathies, including the dominantly inherited central core disease and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, and the more severe recessive phenotypes, including multiminicore disease, centronuclear myopathy, and congenital fiber type disproportion. Within the latter group, those carrying a hypomorphic mutation in one allele and a missense mutation in the other are the most severely affected. Because of nonsense-mediated decay, most hypomorphic alleles are not expressed, resulting in homozygous expression of the missense mutation allele. This should result in 50% reduced expression of the ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle, but its observed content is even lower. To study in more detail the biochemistry and pathophysiology of recessive RYR1 myopathies, here we investigated a mouse model we recently generated by analyzing the effect of bi-allelic versus mono-allelic expression of the RyR1 p.A4329D mutation. Our results revealed that the expression of two alleles carrying the same mutation or of one allele with the mutation in combination with a hypomorphic allele does not result in functionally equal outcomes and impacts skeletal muscles differently. In particular, the bi-allelic RyR1 p.A4329D mutation caused a milder phenotype than its mono-allelic expression, leading to changes in the biochemical properties and physiological function only of slow-twitch muscles and largely sparing fast-twitch muscles. In summary, bi-allelic expression of the RyR1 p.A4329D mutation phenotypically differs from mono-allelic expression of this mutation in a compound heterozygous carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Elbaz
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Nicolay
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tupini
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christoph Bachmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Eckhardt
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Benucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan Treves
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Elbaz M, Ruiz A, Bachmann C, Eckhardt J, Pelczar P, Venturi E, Lindsay C, Wilson AD, Alhussni A, Humberstone T, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S, Sitsapesan R, Treves S, Zorzato F. Quantitative RyR1 reduction and loss of calcium sensitivity of RyR1Q1970fsX16+A4329D cause cores and loss of muscle strength. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2987-2999. [PMID: 31044239 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) mutations cause congenital myopathies including multiminicore disease (MmD), congenital fiber-type disproportion and centronuclear myopathy. We created a mouse model knocked-in for the Q1970fsX16+A4329D RYR1 mutations, which are isogenic with those identified in a severely affected child with MmD. During the first 20 weeks after birth the body weight and the spontaneous running distance of the mutant mice were 20% and 50% lower compared to wild-type littermates. Skeletal muscles from mutant mice contained 'cores' characterized by severe myofibrillar disorganization associated with misplacement of mitochondria. Furthermore, their muscles developed less force and had smaller electrically evoked calcium transients. Mutant RyR1 channels incorporated into lipid bilayers were less sensitive to calcium and caffeine, but no change in single-channel conductance was observed. Our results demonstrate that the phenotype of the RyR1Q1970fsX16+A4329D compound heterozygous mice recapitulates the clinical picture of multiminicore patients and provide evidence of the molecular mechanisms responsible for skeletal muscle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Elbaz
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Ruiz
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachmann
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Eckhardt
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Venturi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Chris Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Abigail D Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ahmed Alhussni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Thomas Humberstone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rebecca Sitsapesan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Susan Treves
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Chen W, Kudryashev M. Structure of RyR1 in native membranes. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49891. [PMID: 32147968 PMCID: PMC7202208 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) mediates excitation–contraction coupling by releasing Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells. RyR1 activation is regulated by several proteins from both the cytoplasm and lumen of the SR. Here, we report the structure of RyR1 from native SR membranes in closed and open states. Compared to the previously reported structures of purified RyR1, our structure reveals helix‐like densities traversing the bilayer approximately 5 nm from the RyR1 transmembrane domain and sarcoplasmic extensions linking RyR1 to a putative calsequestrin network. We document the primary conformation of RyR1 in situ and its structural variations. The activation of RyR1 is associated with changes in membrane curvature and movement in the sarcoplasmic extensions. Our results provide structural insight into the mechanism of RyR1 in its native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt on Main, Germany
| | - Mikhail Kudryashev
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt on Main, Germany
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13
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Flucher BE, Campiglio M. STAC proteins: The missing link in skeletal muscle EC coupling and new regulators of calcium channel function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1101-1110. [PMID: 30543836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-contraction coupling is the signaling process by which action potentials control calcium release and consequently the force of muscle contraction. Until recently, three triad proteins were known to be essential for skeletal muscle EC coupling: the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.1 acting as voltage sensor, the SR calcium release channel RyR1 representing the only relevant calcium source, and the auxiliary CaV β1a subunit. Whether CaV1.1 and RyR1 are directly coupled or whether their interaction is mediated by another triad protein is still unknown. The recent identification of the adaptor protein STAC3 as fourth essential component of skeletal muscle EC coupling prompted vigorous research to reveal its role in this signaling process. Accumulating evidence supports its possible involvement in linking CaV1.1 and RyR1 in skeletal muscle EC coupling, but also indicates a second, much broader role of STAC proteins in the regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent feedback regulation of L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard E Flucher
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marta Campiglio
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Hernández-Ochoa EO, Schneider MF. Voltage sensing mechanism in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling: coming of age or midlife crisis? Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:22. [PMID: 30025545 PMCID: PMC6053751 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The process by which muscle fiber electrical depolarization is linked to activation of muscle contraction is known as excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Our understanding of ECC has increased enormously since the early scientific descriptions of the phenomenon of electrical activation of muscle contraction by Galvani that date back to the end of the eighteenth century. Major advances in electrical and optical measurements, including muscle fiber voltage clamp to reveal membrane electrical properties, in conjunction with the development of electron microscopy to unveil structural details provided an elegant view of ECC in skeletal muscle during the last century. This surge of knowledge on structural and biophysical aspects of the skeletal muscle was followed by breakthroughs in biochemistry and molecular biology, which allowed for the isolation, purification, and DNA sequencing of the muscle fiber membrane calcium channel/transverse tubule (TT) membrane voltage sensor (Cav1.1) for ECC and of the muscle ryanodine receptor/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel (RyR1), two essential players of ECC in skeletal muscle. In regard to the process of voltage sensing for controlling calcium release, numerous studies support the concept that the TT Cav1.1 channel is the voltage sensor for ECC, as well as also being a Ca2+ channel in the TT membrane. In this review, we present early and recent findings that support and define the role of Cav1.1 as a voltage sensor for ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick O. Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Martin F. Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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15
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Allard B. From excitation to intracellular Ca 2+ movements in skeletal muscle: Basic aspects and related clinical disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Congenital myopathies: disorders of excitation-contraction coupling and muscle contraction. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:151-167. [PMID: 29391587 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a group of early-onset, non-dystrophic neuromuscular conditions with characteristic muscle biopsy findings, variable severity and a stable or slowly progressive course. Pronounced weakness in axial and proximal muscle groups is a common feature, and involvement of extraocular, cardiorespiratory and/or distal muscles can implicate specific genetic defects. Central core disease (CCD), multi-minicore disease (MmD), centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and nemaline myopathy were among the first congenital myopathies to be reported, and they still represent the main diagnostic categories. However, these entities seem to belong to a much wider phenotypic spectrum. To date, congenital myopathies have been attributed to mutations in over 20 genes, which encode proteins implicated in skeletal muscle Ca2+ homeostasis, excitation-contraction coupling, thin-thick filament assembly and interactions, and other mechanisms. RYR1 mutations are the most frequent genetic cause, and CCD and MmD are the most common subgroups. Next-generation sequencing has vastly improved mutation detection and has enabled the identification of novel genetic backgrounds. At present, management of congenital myopathies is largely supportive, although new therapeutic approaches are reaching the clinical trial stage.
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17
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Ruiz A, Dror E, Handschin C, Furrer R, Perez-Schindler J, Bachmann C, Treves S, Zorzato F. Over-expression of a retinol dehydrogenase (SRP35/DHRS7C) in skeletal muscle activates mTORC2, enhances glucose metabolism and muscle performance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:636. [PMID: 29330505 PMCID: PMC5766524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SRP-35 is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase belonging to the DHRS7C dehydrogenase/ reductase family 7. Here we show that its over-expression in mouse skeletal muscles induces enhanced muscle performance in vivo, which is not related to alterations in excitation-contraction coupling but rather linked to enhanced glucose metabolism. Over-expression of SRP-35 causes increased phosphorylation of AktS473, triggering plasmalemmal targeting of GLUT4 and higher glucose uptake into muscles. SRP-35 signaling involves RARα and RARγ (non-genomic effect), PI3K and mTORC2. We also demonstrate that all-trans retinoic acid, a downstream product of the enzymatic activity of SRP-35, mimics the effect of SRP-35 in skeletal muscle, inducing a synergistic effect with insulin on AKTS473 phosphorylation. These results indicate that SRP-35 affects skeletal muscle metabolism and may represent an important target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ruiz
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erez Dror
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Regula Furrer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Bachmann
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan Treves
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Departments of Anesthesia and of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
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18
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Kanzaki K, Watanabe D, Kuratani M, Yamada T, Matsunaga S, Wada M. Role of calpain in eccentric contraction-induced proteolysis of Ca2+-regulatory proteins and force depression in rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:396-405. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00270.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo effects of eccentric contraction (ECC) on calpain-dependent proteolysis of Ca2+-regulatory proteins and force production in fast-twitch skeletal muscles. Rat extensor digitorum longus muscles were exposed to 200 repeated ECC in situ and excised immediately [recovery 0 (REC0)] or 3 days [recovery 3 (REC3)] after cessation of ECC. Calpain inhibitor (CI)-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected with MDL-28170 before ECC and during REC3. Tetanic force was markedly reduced at REC0 and remained reduced at REC3. CI treatment ameliorated the ECC-induced force decline but only at REC3. No evidence was found for proteolysis of dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), junctophilin (JP)1, JP2, ryanodine receptor (RyR), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)1a, or junctional face protein-45 at REC0. At REC3, ECC resulted in decreases in DHPR, JP1, JP2, RyR, and SERCA1a. CI treatment prevented the decreases in DHPR, JP1, and JP2, whereas it had little effect on RyR and SERCA1a. These findings suggest that DHPR, JP1, and JP2, but not RyR and SERCA1a, undergo calpain-dependent proteolysis in in vivo muscles subjected to ECC and that impaired function of DHPR and/or JP might cause prolonged force deficits with ECC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Calpain-dependent proteolysis is one of the contributing factors to muscle damage that occurs with eccentric contraction (ECC). It is unclear, however, whether calpains account for proteolysis of Ca2+-regulatory proteins in in vivo muscles subjected to ECC. Here, we provide evidence that dihydropyridine receptor and junctophilin, but not ryanodine receptor and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, undergo calpain-dependent proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kanzaki
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mai Kuratani
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan; and
| | | | - Masanobu Wada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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19
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Treves S, Jungbluth H, Voermans N, Muntoni F, Zorzato F. Ca 2+ handling abnormalities in early-onset muscle diseases: Novel concepts and perspectives. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:201-212. [PMID: 27427513 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process by which Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is called excitation-contraction coupling; it is initiated by an action potential which travels deep into the muscle fiber where it is sensed by the dihydropyridine receptor, a voltage sensing L-type Ca2+channel localized on the transverse tubules. Voltage-induced conformational changes in the dihydropyridine receptor activate the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The released Ca2+ binds to troponin C, enabling contractile thick-thin filament interactions. The Ca2+ is subsequently transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by specialized Ca2+ pumps (SERCA), preparing the muscle for a new cycle of contraction. Although other proteins are involved in excitation-contraction coupling, the mechanism described above emphasizes the unique role played by the two Ca2+ channels (the dihydropyridine receptor and the ryanodine receptor), the SERCA Ca2+ pumps and the exquisite spatial organization of the membrane compartments endowed with the proteins responsible for this mechanism to function rapidly and efficiently. Research over the past two decades has uncovered the fine details of excitation-contraction coupling under normal conditions while advances in genomics have helped to identify mutations in novel genes in patients with neuromuscular disorders. While it is now clear that many patients with congenital muscle diseases carry mutations in genes encoding proteins directly involved in Ca2+ homeostasis, it has become apparent that mutations are also present in genes encoding for proteins not thought to be directly involved in Ca2+ regulation. Ongoing research in the field now focuses on understanding the functional effect of individual mutations, as well as understanding the role of proteins not specifically located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum which nevertheless are involved in Ca2+ regulation or excitation-contraction coupling. The principal challenge for the future is the identification of drug targets that can be pharmacologically manipulated by small molecules, with the ultimate aim to improve muscle function and quality of life of patients with congenital muscle disorders. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the most recent findings concerning Ca2+ dysregulation and its impact on muscle function in patients with congenital muscle disorders due to mutations in proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and more broadly on Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Treves
- Departments of Biomedicine and Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology Section, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicol Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Departments of Biomedicine and Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Life Sciences, General Pathology Section, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Mosca B, Eckhardt J, Bergamelli L, Treves S, Bongianino R, De Negri M, Priori SG, Protasi F, Zorzato F. Role of the JP45-Calsequestrin Complex on Calcium Entry in Slow Twitch Skeletal Muscles. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14555-65. [PMID: 27189940 PMCID: PMC4938177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.709071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploited a variety of mouse models to assess the roles of JP45-CASQ1 (CASQ, calsequestrin) and JP45-CASQ2 on calcium entry in slow twitch muscles. In flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers isolated from JP45-CASQ1-CASQ2 triple KO mice, calcium transients induced by tetanic stimulation rely on calcium entry via La3+- and nifedipine-sensitive calcium channels. The comparison of excitation-coupled calcium entry (ECCE) between FDB fibers from WT, JP45KO, CASQ1KO, CASQ2KO, JP45-CASQ1 double KO, JP45-CASQ2 double KO, and JP45-CASQ1-CASQ2 triple KO shows that ECCE enhancement requires ablation of both CASQs and JP45. Calcium entry activated by ablation of both JP45-CASQ1 and JP45-CASQ2 complexes supports tetanic force development in slow twitch soleus muscles. In addition, we show that CASQs interact with JP45 at Ca2+ concentrations similar to those present in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum at rest, whereas Ca2+ concentrations similar to those present in the SR lumen after depolarization-induced calcium release cause the dissociation of JP45 from CASQs. Our results show that the complex JP45-CASQs is a negative regulator of ECCE and that tetanic force development in slow twitch muscles is supported by the dynamic interaction between JP45 and CASQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mosca
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jan Eckhardt
- From the Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leda Bergamelli
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Susan Treves
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy From the Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Bongianino
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratories Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Via Maugeri 10/10°, 27100, Pavia Italy
| | - Marco De Negri
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratories Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Via Maugeri 10/10°, 27100, Pavia Italy
| | - Silvia G Priori
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratories Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Via Maugeri 10/10°, 27100, Pavia Italy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia Italy, and
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine and DNICS (Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences), University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- From the Departments of Anaesthesia and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Pinch M, Güth R, Samanta MP, Chaidez A, Unguez GA. The myogenic electric organ of Sternopygus macrurus: a non-contractile tissue with a skeletal muscle transcriptome. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1828. [PMID: 27114860 PMCID: PMC4841239 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most electric fish species, the electric organ (EO) derives from striated muscle cells that suppress many muscle properties. In the gymnotiform Sternopygus macrurus, mature electrocytes, the current-producing cells of the EO, do not contain sarcomeres, yet they continue to make some cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins and the muscle transcription factors (MTFs) that induce their expression. In order to more comprehensively examine the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with the formation and maintenance of the contractile sarcomere complex, results from expression analysis using qRT-PCR were informed by deep RNA sequencing of transcriptomes and miRNA compositions of muscle and EO tissues from adult S. macrurus. Our data show that: (1) components associated with the homeostasis of the sarcomere and sarcomere-sarcolemma linkage were transcribed in EO at levels similar to those in muscle; (2) MTF families associated with activation of the skeletal muscle program were not differentially expressed between these tissues; and (3) a set of microRNAs that are implicated in regulation of the muscle phenotype are enriched in EO. These data support the development of a unique and highly specialized non-contractile electrogenic cell that emerges from a striated phenotype and further differentiates with little modification in its transcript composition. This comprehensive analysis of parallel mRNA and miRNA profiles is not only a foundation for functional studies aimed at identifying mechanisms underlying the transcription-independent myogenic program in S. macrurus EO, but also has important implications to many vertebrate cell types that independently activate or suppress specific features of the skeletal muscle program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Robert Güth
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | - Alexander Chaidez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Graciela A. Unguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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22
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Ríos E, Figueroa L, Manno C, Kraeva N, Riazi S. The couplonopathies: A comparative approach to a class of diseases of skeletal and cardiac muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 145:459-74. [PMID: 26009541 PMCID: PMC4442791 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel category of diseases of striated muscle is proposed, the couplonopathies, as those that affect components of the couplon and thereby alter its operation. Couplons are the functional units of intracellular calcium release in excitation–contraction coupling. They comprise dihydropyridine receptors, ryanodine receptors (Ca2+ release channels), and a growing list of ancillary proteins whose alteration may lead to disease. Within a generally similar plan, the couplons of skeletal and cardiac muscle show, in a few places, marked structural divergence associated with critical differences in the mechanisms whereby they fulfill their signaling role. Most important among these are the presence of a mechanical or allosteric communication between voltage sensors and Ca2+ release channels, exclusive to the skeletal couplon, and the smaller capacity of the Ca stores in cardiac muscle, which results in greater swings of store concentration during physiological function. Consideration of these structural and functional differences affords insights into the pathogenesis of several couplonopathies. The exclusive mechanical connection of the skeletal couplon explains differences in pathogenesis between malignant hyperthermia (MH) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), conditions most commonly caused by mutations in homologous regions of the skeletal and cardiac Ca2+ release channels. Based on mechanistic considerations applicable to both couplons, we identify the plasmalemma as a site of secondary modifications, typically an increase in store-operated calcium entry, that are relevant in MH pathogenesis. Similar considerations help explain the different consequences that mutations in triadin and calsequestrin have in these two tissues. As more information is gathered on the composition of cardiac and skeletal couplons, this comparative and mechanistic approach to couplonopathies should be useful to understand pathogenesis, clarify diagnosis, and propose tissue-specific drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ríos
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lourdes Figueroa
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Carlo Manno
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Natalia Kraeva
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Sheila Riazi
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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Hernández-Ochoa EO, Vanegas C, Iyer SR, Lovering RM, Schneider MF. Alternating bipolar field stimulation identifies muscle fibers with defective excitability but maintained local Ca(2+) signals and contraction. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:6. [PMID: 26855765 PMCID: PMC4743112 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most cultured enzymatically dissociated adult myofibers exhibit spatially uniform (UNI) contractile responses and Ca2+ transients over the entire myofiber in response to electric field stimuli of either polarity applied via bipolar electrodes. However, some myofibers only exhibit contraction and Ca2+ transients at alternating (ALT) ends in response to alternating polarity field stimulation. Here, we present for the first time the methodology for identification of ALT myofibers in primary cultures and isolated muscles, as well as a study of their electrophysiological properties. Results We used high-speed confocal microscopic Ca2+ imaging, electric field stimulation, microelectrode recordings, immunostaining, and confocal microscopy to characterize the properties of action potential-induced Ca2+ transients, contractility, resting membrane potential, and staining of T-tubule voltage-gated Na+ channel distribution applied to cultured adult myofibers. Here, we show for the first time, with high temporal and spatial resolution, that normal control myofibers with UNI responses can be converted to ALT response myofibers by TTX addition or by removal of Na+ from the bathing medium, with reappearance of the UNI response on return of Na+. Our results suggest disrupted excitability as the cause of ALT behavior and indicate that the ALT response is due to local depolarization-induced Ca2+ release, whereas the UNI response is triggered by action potential propagation over the entire myofiber. Consistent with this interpretation, local depolarizing monopolar stimuli give uniform (propagated) responses in UNI myofibers, but only local responses at the electrode in ALT myofibers. The ALT responses in electrically inexcitable myofibers are consistent with expectations of current spread between bipolar stimulating electrodes, entering (hyperpolarizing) one end of a myofiber and leaving (depolarizing) the other end of the myofiber. ALT responses were also detected in some myofibers within intact isolated whole muscles from wild-type and MDX mice, demonstrating that ALT responses can be present before enzymatic dissociation. Conclusions We suggest that checking for ALT myofiber responsiveness by looking at the end of a myofiber during alternating polarity stimuli provides a test for compromised excitability of myofibers, and could be used to identify inexcitable, damaged or diseased myofibers by ALT behavior in healthy and diseased muscle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0076-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick O Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Camilo Vanegas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Shama R Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Hernández-Ochoa EO, Pratt SJP, Lovering RM, Schneider MF. Critical Role of Intracellular RyR1 Calcium Release Channels in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disease. Front Physiol 2016; 6:420. [PMID: 26793121 PMCID: PMC4709859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel, also known as ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1), is the largest ion channel protein known and is crucial for effective skeletal muscle contractile activation. RyR1 function is controlled by Cav1.1, a voltage gated Ca2+ channel that works mainly as a voltage sensor for RyR1 activity during skeletal muscle contraction and is also fine-tuned by Ca2+, several intracellular compounds (e.g., ATP), and modulatory proteins (e.g., calmodulin). Dominant and recessive mutations in RyR1, as well as acquired channel alterations, are the underlying cause of various skeletal muscle diseases. The aim of this mini review is to summarize several current aspects of RyR1 function, structure, regulation, and to describe the most common diseases caused by hereditary or acquired RyR1 malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick O Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Berthier C, Kutchukian C, Bouvard C, Okamura Y, Jacquemond V. Depression of voltage-activated Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle by activation of a voltage-sensing phosphatase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 145:315-30. [PMID: 25825170 PMCID: PMC4380211 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transverse tubule PIP2 modulates Ca2+ release from the SR during EC coupling. Phosphoinositides act as signaling molecules in numerous cellular transduction processes, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) regulates the function of several types of plasma membrane ion channels. We investigated the potential role of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in Ca2+ homeostasis and excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling of mouse muscle fibers using in vivo expression of the voltage-sensing phosphatases (VSPs) Ciona intestinalis VSP (Ci-VSP) or Danio rerio VSP (Dr-VSP). Confocal images of enhanced green fluorescent protein–tagged Dr-VSP revealed a banded pattern consistent with VSP localization within the transverse tubule membrane. Rhod-2 Ca2+ transients generated by 0.5-s-long voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses sufficient to elicit Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) but below the range at which VSPs are activated were unaffected by the presence of the VSPs. However, in Ci-VSP–expressing fibers challenged by 5-s-long depolarizing pulses, the Ca2+ level late in the pulse (3 s after initiation) was significantly lower at 120 mV than at 20 mV. Furthermore, Ci-VSP–expressing fibers showed a reversible depression of Ca2+ release during trains, with the peak Ca2+ transient being reduced by ∼30% after the application of 10 200-ms-long pulses to 100 mV. A similar depression was observed in Dr-VSP–expressing fibers. Cav1.1 Ca2+ channel–mediated current was unaffected by Ci-VSP activation. In fibers expressing Ci-VSP and a pleckstrin homology domain fused with monomeric red fluorescent protein (PLCδ1PH-mRFP), depolarizing pulses elicited transient changes in mRFP fluorescence consistent with release of transverse tubule–bound PLCδ1PH domain into the cytosol; the voltage sensitivity of these changes was consistent with that of Ci-VSP activation, and recovery occurred with a time constant in the 10-s range. Our results indicate that the PtdIns(4,5)P2 level is tightly maintained in the transverse tubule membrane of the muscle fibers, and that VSP-induced depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 impairs voltage-activated Ca2+ release from the SR. Because Ca2+ release is thought to be independent from InsP3 signaling, the effect likely results from an interaction between PtdIns(4,5)P2 and a protein partner of the E-C coupling machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Berthier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Candice Kutchukian
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Bouvard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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26
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Organization of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins in skeletal muscle fibers. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:501-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Gallant JR, Traeger LL, Volkening JD, Moffett H, Chen PH, Novina CD, Phillips GN, Anand R, Wells GB, Pinch M, Güth R, Unguez GA, Albert JS, Zakon HH, Samanta MP, Sussman MR. Nonhuman genetics. Genomic basis for the convergent evolution of electric organs. Science 2014; 344:1522-5. [PMID: 24970089 DOI: 10.1126/science.1254432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic basis of convergent traits that originate repeatedly over broad taxonomic scales. The myogenic electric organ has evolved six times in fishes to produce electric fields used in communication, navigation, predation, or defense. We have examined the genomic basis of the convergent anatomical and physiological origins of these organs by assembling the genome of the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) and sequencing electric organ and skeletal muscle transcriptomes from three lineages that have independently evolved electric organs. Our results indicate that, despite millions of years of evolution and large differences in the morphology of electric organ cells, independent lineages have leveraged similar transcription factors and developmental and cellular pathways in the evolution of electric organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Gallant
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lindsay L Traeger
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy D Volkening
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Howell Moffett
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Po-Hao Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Carl D Novina
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rene Anand
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregg B Wells
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77483, USA
| | - Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Robert Güth
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Graciela A Unguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - James S Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Harold H Zakon
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | | | - Michael R Sussman
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Abstract
The advent of the polymerase chain reaction and the availability of data from various global human genome projects should make it possible, using a DNA sample isolated from white blood cells, to diagnose rapidly and accurately almost any monogenic condition resulting from single nucleotide changes. DNA-based diagnosis for malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an attractive proposition, because it could replace the invasive and morbid caffeine-halothane/in vitro contracture tests of skeletal muscle biopsy tissue. Moreover, MH is preventable if an accurate diagnosis of susceptibility can be made before general anesthesia, the most common trigger of an MH episode. Diagnosis of MH using DNA was suggested as early as 1990 when the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1), and a single point mutation therein, was linked to MH susceptibility. In 1994, a single point mutation in the α 1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor gene (CACNA1S) was identified and also subsequently shown to be causative of MH. In the succeeding years, the number of identified mutations in RYR1 has grown, as has the number of potential susceptibility loci, although no other gene has yet been definitively associated with MH. In addition, it has become clear that MH is associated with either of these 2 genes (RYR1 and CACNA1S) in only 50% to 70% of affected families. While DNA testing for MH susceptibility has now become widespread, it still does not replace the in vitro contracture tests. Whole exome sequence analysis makes it potentially possible to identify all variants within human coding regions, but the complexity of the genome, the heterogeneity of MH, the limitations of bioinformatic tools, and the lack of precise genotype/phenotype correlations are all confounding factors. In addition, the requirement for demonstration of causality, by in vitro functional analysis, of any familial mutation currently precludes DNA-based diagnosis as the sole test for MH susceptibility. Nevertheless, familial DNA testing for MH susceptibility is now widespread although limited to a positive diagnosis and to those few mutations that have been functionally characterized. Identification of new susceptibility genes remains elusive. When new genes are identified, it will be the role of the biochemists, physiologists, and biophysicists to devise functional assays in appropriate systems. This will remain the bottleneck unless high throughput platforms can be designed for functional work. Analysis of entire genomes from several individuals simultaneously is a reality. DNA testing for MH, based on current criteria, remains the dream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Stowell
- From the Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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29
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Calderón JC, Bolaños P, Caputo C. The excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in skeletal muscle. Biophys Rev 2014; 6:133-160. [PMID: 28509964 PMCID: PMC5425715 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
First coined by Alexander Sandow in 1952, the term excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) describes the rapid communication between electrical events occurring in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibres and Ca2+ release from the SR, which leads to contraction. The sequence of events in twitch skeletal muscle involves: (1) initiation and propagation of an action potential along the plasma membrane, (2) spread of the potential throughout the transverse tubule system (T-tubule system), (3) dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR)-mediated detection of changes in membrane potential, (4) allosteric interaction between DHPR and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptors (RyR), (5) release of Ca2+ from the SR and transient increase of Ca2+ concentration in the myoplasm, (6) activation of the myoplasmic Ca2+ buffering system and the contractile apparatus, followed by (7) Ca2+ disappearance from the myoplasm mediated mainly by its reuptake by the SR through the SR Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA), and under several conditions movement to the mitochondria and extrusion by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). In this text, we review the basics of ECC in skeletal muscle and the techniques used to study it. Moreover, we highlight some recent advances and point out gaps in knowledge on particular issues related to ECC such as (1) DHPR-RyR molecular interaction, (2) differences regarding fibre types, (3) its alteration during muscle fatigue, (4) the role of mitochondria and store-operated Ca2+ entry in the general ECC sequence, (5) contractile potentiators, and (6) Ca2+ sparks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-Physis, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica-Physis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Pura Bolaños
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlo Caputo
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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30
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Rebbeck RT, Karunasekara Y, Board PG, Beard NA, Casarotto MG, Dulhunty AF. Skeletal muscle excitation–contraction coupling: Who are the dancing partners? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Distinct regions of triadin are required for targeting and retention at the junctional domain of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biochem J 2014; 458:407-17. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three regions contribute to triadin localization to the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dynamics studies revealed that TR3 mediates triadin stability at junctional sites. The stable association of triadin at the junctional sites is facilitated by interactions with calsequestrin-1.
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32
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Mosca B, Delbono O, Laura Messi M, Bergamelli L, Wang ZM, Vukcevic M, Lopez R, Treves S, Nishi M, Takeshima H, Paolini C, Martini M, Rispoli G, Protasi F, Zorzato F. Enhanced dihydropyridine receptor calcium channel activity restores muscle strength in JP45/CASQ1 double knockout mice. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1541. [PMID: 23443569 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle strength declines with age in part due to a decline of Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. Skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptors (Ca(v)1.1) initiate muscle contraction by activating ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca(v)1.1 channel activity is enhanced by a retrograde stimulatory signal delivered by the ryanodine receptor. JP45 is a membrane protein interacting with Ca(v)1.1 and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) storage protein calsequestrin (CASQ1). Here we show that JP45 and CASQ1 strengthen skeletal muscle contraction by modulating Ca(v)1.1 channel activity. Using muscle fibres from JP45 and CASQ1 double knockout mice, we demonstrate that Ca(2+) transients evoked by tetanic stimulation are the result of massive Ca(2+) influx due to enhanced Ca(v)1.1 channel activity, which restores muscle strength in JP45/CASQ1 double knockout mice. We envision that JP45 and CASQ1 may be candidate targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies against decay of skeletal muscle strength caused by a decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mosca
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, General Pathology section, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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33
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Strauss JD, Wagenknecht T. Structure of glutaraldehyde cross-linked ryanodine receptor. J Struct Biol 2013; 181:300-6. [PMID: 23333333 PMCID: PMC3587655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor (RyR) family of calcium release channels plays a vital role in excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Along with the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), calsequestrin, and several other smaller regulatory and adaptor proteins, RyRs form a large dynamic complex referred to as ECC machinery. Here we describe a simple cross-linking procedure that can be used to stabilize fragile components of the ECC machinery, for the purpose of structural elucidation by single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). As a model system, the complex of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) and RyR1 was used to test the cross-linking protocol. Glutaraldehyde fixation led to complete cross-linking of receptor-bound FKBP12 to RyR1, and also to extensive cross-linking of the four subunits comprising RyR to one another without compromising the RyR1 ultrastructure. FKBP12 cross-linked with RyR1 was visualized in 2D averages by single particle cryo-EM. Comparison of control RyR1 and cross-linked RyR1 3D reconstructions revealed minor conformational changes at the transmembrane assembly and at the cytoplasmic region. Intersubunit cross-linking enhanced [(3)H]ryanodine binding to RyR1. Based on our findings we propose that intersubunit cross-linking of RyR1 by glutaraldehyde induced RyR1 to adopt an open like conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Strauss
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Terence Wagenknecht
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201
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34
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Dulhunty AF, Wium E, Li L, Hanna AD, Mirza S, Talukder S, Ghazali NA, Beard NA. Proteins within the intracellular calcium store determine cardiac RyR channel activity and cardiac output. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:477-84. [PMID: 22524859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The contractile function of the heart requires the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular Ca(2+) stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac muscle cells. The efficacy of Ca(2+) release depends on the amount of Ca(2+) loaded into the Ca(2+) store and the way in which this 'Ca(2+) load' influences the activity of the cardiac ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channel (RyR2). The effects of the Ca(2+) load on Ca(2+) release through RyR2 are facilitated by: (i) the sensitivity of RyR2 itself to luminal Ca(2+) concentrations; and (ii) interactions between the cardiac Ca(2+) -binding protein calsequestrin (CSQ) 2 and RyR2, transmitted through the 'anchoring' proteins junctin and/or triadin. Mutations in RyR2 are linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and sudden cardiac death. The tachycardia is associated with changes in the sensitivity of RyR2 to luminal Ca(2+) . Triadin-, junctin- or CSQ-null animals survive, but their longevity and ability to tolerate stress is compromised. These studies reveal the importance of the proteins in normal muscle function, but do not reveal the molecular nature of their functional interactions, which must be defined before changes in the proteins leading to CPVT and heart disease can be understood. Herein, we discuss known interactions between the RyR, triadin, junctin and CSQ with emphasis on the cardiac isoforms of the proteins. Where there is little known about the cardiac isoforms, we discuss evidence from skeletal isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Dulhunty
- Department of Translational Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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Smith LR, Meyer G, Lieber RL. Systems analysis of biological networks in skeletal muscle function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012. [PMID: 23188744 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function depends on the efficient coordination among subcellular systems. These systems are composed of proteins encoded by a subset of genes, all of which are tightly regulated. In the cases where regulation is altered because of disease or injury, dysfunction occurs. To enable objective analysis of muscle gene expression profiles, we have defined nine biological networks whose coordination is critical to muscle function. We begin by describing the expression of proteins necessary for optimal neuromuscular junction function that results in the muscle cell action potential. That action potential is transmitted to proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling enabling Ca(2+) release. Ca(2+) then activates contractile proteins supporting actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling. Force generated by cross-bridges is transmitted via cytoskeletal proteins through the sarcolemma and out to critical proteins that support the muscle extracellular matrix. Muscle contraction is fueled through many proteins that regulate energy metabolism. Inflammation is a common response to injury that can result in alteration of many pathways within muscle. Muscle also has multiple pathways that regulate size through atrophy or hypertrophy. Finally, the isoforms associated with fast muscle fibers and their corresponding isoforms in slow muscle fibers are delineated. These nine networks represent important biological systems that affect skeletal muscle function. Combining high-throughput systems analysis with advanced networking software will allow researchers to use these networks to objectively study skeletal muscle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Voermans N, Laan A, Oosterhof A, van Kuppevelt T, Drost G, Lammens M, Kamsteeg E, Scotton C, Gualandi F, Guglielmi V, van den Heuvel L, Vattemi G, van Engelen B. Brody syndrome: A clinically heterogeneous entity distinct from Brody disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 22:944-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yasuda T, Delbono O, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Girard T, Urwyler A, Treves S, Zorzato F. JP-45/JSRP1 variants affect skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling by decreasing the sensitivity of the dihydropyridine receptor. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:184-90. [PMID: 22927026 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
JP-45 (also JP45; encoded by JSRP1) is an integral protein constituent of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum junctional face membrane interacting with Ca(v) 1.1 (the α.1 subunit of the voltage-sensing dihydropyridine receptor, DHPR) and the luminal calcium-binding protein calsequestrin. Two JSRP1 variants have been found in the human population: c.323C>T (p.P108L) in exon 5 and c.449G>C (p.G150A) in exon 6, but nothing is known concerning the incidence of these polymorphisms in the general population or in patients with neuromuscular diseases nor the impact of the polymorphisms on excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. In the present report, we investigated the frequencies of these two JSRP1 polymorphisms in the Swiss malignant hyperthermia population and studied the functional impact of the variants on EC coupling. Our results show that the polymorphisms are equally distributed among malignant hyperthermia negative, malignant hyperthermia equivocal, and malignant hyperthermia susceptible individuals. Interestingly, however, the presence of either one of these JP-45 variants decreased the sensitivity of the DHPR to activation. The presence of a JSRP1 variant may explain the variable phenotype seen in patients with malignant hyperthermia carrying the same mutation and, more importantly, may counteract the hypersensitivity of EC coupling caused by mutations in the RYR1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Yasuda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Manami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Schiemann AH, Dürholt EM, Pollock N, Stowell KM. Sequence capture and massively parallel sequencing to detect mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2012; 110:122-7. [PMID: 23035052 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic disorder in which intracellular calcium homeostasis in the skeletal muscle of susceptible individuals is disrupted upon exposure to halogenated anaesthetics. While MH is linked to the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) on chromosome 19 and the α1S subunit of the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (CACNA1S) on chromosome 1, mutations have been found in only 50-70% of patients, and subsequently, there is a need for a more powerful screening tool. METHODS Genomic DNA capture and next-generation sequencing was used to screen 32 genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling, skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis, or immune response in two MH patients. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were used to functionally characterize candidate RYR1 mutations in one family. RESULTS Sequence analysis revealed two putative causative mutations in RYR1 in one patient. Segregation analysis and functional analysis support a causative role of the detected variants. The amount of Ca(2+) released after stimulation with 4-chloro-m-cresol from B lymphocytes of the MH-susceptible patients in the family was significantly greater compared with that of Ca(2+) released from cells of an MH-negative family member. In the other patient, no causative mutations were identified in the 32 genes screened. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we successfully demonstrate the use of genomic DNA capture and next-generation sequencing for identification of putative mutations causing MH. We also suggest that whole exome sequencing may be necessary to identify MH causing mutations in patients where no mutations in RYR1 and CACNA1S have been identified thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Schiemann
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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SRP-35, a newly identified protein of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, is a retinol dehydrogenase. Biochem J 2012; 441:731-41. [PMID: 21995425 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we provide evidence that SRP-35, a protein we identified in rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, is an all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase. Analysis of the primary structure and tryptic digestion revealed that its N-terminus encompasses a short hydrophobic sequence bound to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, whereas its C-terminal catalytic domain faces the myoplasm. SRP-35 is also expressed in liver and adipocytes, where it appears in the post-microsomal supernatant; however, in skeletal muscle, SRP-35 is enriched in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Sequence comparison predicts that SRP-35 is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase belonging to the DHRS7C [dehydrogenase/reductase (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family) member 7C] subfamily. Retinol is the substrate of SRP-35, since its transient overexpression leads to an increased production of all-trans-retinaldehyde. Transfection of C2C12 myotubes with a fusion protein encoding SRP-35-EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) causes a decrease of the maximal Ca²⁺ released via RyR (ryanodine receptor) activation induced by KCl or 4-chloro-m-chresol. The latter result could be mimicked by the addition of retinoic acid to the C2C12 cell tissue culture medium, a treatment which caused a significant reduction of RyR1 expression. We propose that in skeletal muscle SRP-35 is involved in the generation of all-trans-retinaldehyde and may play an important role in the generation of intracellular signals linking Ca2+ release (i.e. muscle activity) to metabolism.
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Wang ZM, Tang S, Messi ML, Yang JJ, Delbono O. Residual sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration after Ca2+ release in skeletal myofibers from young adult and old mice. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:615-24. [PMID: 22249494 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Contrasting information suggests either almost complete depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) or significant residual Ca(2+) concentration after prolonged depolarization of the skeletal muscle fiber. The primary obstacle to resolving this controversy is the lack of genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators targeted to the SR that exhibit low-Ca(2+) affinity, a fast biosensor: Ca(2+) off-rate reaction, and can be expressed in myofibers from adult and older adult mammalian species. This work used the recently designed low-affinity Ca(2+) sensor (Kd = 1.66 mM in the myofiber) CatchER (calcium sensor for detecting high concentrations in the ER) targeted to the SR, to investigate whether prolonged skeletal muscle fiber depolarization significantly alters residual SR Ca(2+) with aging. We found CatchER a proper tool to investigate SR Ca(2+) depletion in young adult and older adult mice, consistently tracking SR luminal Ca(2+) release in response to brief and repetitive stimulation. We evoked SR Ca(2+) release in whole-cell voltage-clamped flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers from young and old FVB mice and tested the maximal SR Ca(2+) release by directly activating the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) with 4-chloro-m-cresol in the same myofibers. Here, we report for the first time that the Ca(2+) remaining in the SR after prolonged depolarization (2 s) in myofibers from aging (~220 μM) was larger than young (~132 μM) mice. These experiments indicate that SR Ca(2+) is far from fully depleted under physiological conditions throughout life, and support the concept of excitation-contraction uncoupling in functional senescent myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Mice null for calsequestrin 1 exhibit deficits in functional performance and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27036. [PMID: 22164205 PMCID: PMC3229475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the release of calcium (Ca2+) by ryanodine sensitive sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channels (i.e., ryanodine receptors; RyR1s) is the primary determinant of contractile filament activation. Much attention has been focused on calsequestrin (CASQ1) and its role in SR Ca2+ buffering as well as its potential for modulating RyR1, the L-type Ca2+ channel (dihydropyridine receptor, DHPR) and other sarcolemmal channels through sensing luminal [Ca2+]. The genetic ablation of CASQ1 expression results in significant alterations in SR Ca2+ content and SR Ca2+ release especially during prolonged activation. While these findings predict a significant loss-of-function phenotype in vivo, little information on functional status of CASQ1 null mice is available. We examined fast muscle in vivo and in vitro and identified significant deficits in functional performance that indicate an inability to sustain contractile activation. In single CASQ1 null skeletal myofibers we demonstrate a decrease in voltage dependent RyR Ca2+ release with single action potentials and a collapse of the Ca2+ release with repetitive trains. Under voltage clamp, SR Ca2+ release flux and total SR Ca2+ release are significantly reduced in CASQ1 null myofibers. The decrease in peak Ca2+ release flux appears to be solely due to elimination of the slowly decaying component of SR Ca2+ release, whereas the rapidly decaying component of SR Ca2+ release is not altered in either amplitude or time course in CASQ1 null fibers. Finally, intra-SR [Ca2+] during ligand and voltage activation of RyR1 revealed a significant decrease in the SR[Ca2+]free in intact CASQ1 null fibers and a increase in the release and uptake kinetics consistent with a depletion of intra-SR Ca2+ buffering capacity. Taken together we have revealed that the genetic ablation of CASQ1 expression results in significant functional deficits consistent with a decrease in the slowly decaying component of SR Ca2+ release.
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Olojo RO, Hernández-Ochoa EO, Ikemoto N, Schneider MF. Effects of conformational peptide probe DP4 on bidirectional signaling between DHPR and RyR1 calcium channels in voltage-clamped skeletal muscle fibers. Biophys J 2011; 100:2367-77. [PMID: 21575570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, excitation-contraction coupling involves the activation of dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR) and type-1 ryanodine receptors (RyR1) to produce depolarization-dependent sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release via orthograde signaling. Another form of DHPR-RyR1 communication is retrograde signaling, in which RyRs modulate the gating of DHPR. DP4 (domain peptide 4), is a peptide corresponding to residues Leu²⁴⁴²-Pro²⁴⁷⁷ of the central domain of the RyR1 that produces RyR1 channel destabilization. Here we explore the effects of DP4 on orthograde excitation-contraction coupling and retrograde RyR1-DHPR signaling in isolated murine muscle fibers. Intracellular dialysis of DP4 increased the peak amplitude of Ca²⁺ release during step depolarizations by 64% without affecting its voltage-dependence or kinetics, and also caused a similar increase in Ca²⁺ release during an action potential waveform. DP4 did not modify either the amplitude or the voltage-dependence of the intramembrane charge movement. However, DP4 augmented DHPR Ca²⁺ current density without affecting its voltage-dependence. Our results demonstrate that the conformational changes induced by DP4 regulate both orthograde E-C coupling and retrograde RyR1-DHPR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi O Olojo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Trisk 32 regulates IP(3) receptors in rat skeletal myoblasts. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:599-610. [PMID: 21811790 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To date, four isoforms of triadins have been identified in rat skeletal muscle. While the function of the 95-kDa isoform in excitation-contraction coupling has been studied in detail, the role of the 32-kDa isoform (Trisk 32) remains elusive. Here, Trisk 32 overexpression was carried out by stable transfection in L6.G8 myoblasts. Co-localization of Trisk 32 and IP(3) receptors (IP(3)R) was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, and their association was shown by co-immunoprecipitation. Functional effects of Trisk 32 on IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) release were assessed by measuring changes in [Ca(2+)](i) following the stimulation by bradykinin or vasopressin. The amplitude of the Ca(2+) transients evoked by 20 μM bradykinin was significantly higher in Trisk 32-overexpressing (p < 0.01; 426 ± 84 nM, n = 27) as compared to control cells (76 ± 12 nM, n = 23). The difference remained significant (p < 0.02; 217 ± 41 nM, n = 21, and 97 ± 29 nM, n = 31, respectively) in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). Similar observations were made when 0.1 μM vasopressin was used to initiate Ca(2+) release. Possible involvement of the ryanodine receptors (RyR) in these processes was excluded, after functional and biochemical experiments. Furthermore, Trisk 32 overexpression had no effect on store-operated Ca(2+) entry, despite a decrease in the expression of STIM1. These results suggest that neither the increased activity of RyR, nor the amplification of SOCE, is responsible for the differences observed in bradykinin- or vasopressin-evoked Ca(2+) transients; rather, they were due to the enhanced activity of IP(3)R. Thus, Trisk 32 not only co-localizes with, but directly contributes to, the regulation of Ca(2+) release via IP(3)R.
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Ullrich ND, Fischer D, Kornblum C, Walter MC, Niggli E, Zorzato F, Treves S. Alterations of excitation-contraction coupling and excitation coupled Ca(2+) entry in human myotubes carrying CAV3 mutations linked to rippling muscle. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:309-17. [PMID: 21294223 PMCID: PMC3132216 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rippling muscle disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding caveolin-3 (CAV3), the muscle-specific isoform of the scaffolding protein caveolin, a protein involved in the formation of caveolae. In healthy muscle, caveolin-3 is responsible for the formation of caveolae, which are highly organized sarcolemmal clusters influencing early muscle differentiation, signalling and Ca2+ homeostasis. In the present study we examined Ca2+ homeostasis and excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling in cultured myotubes derived from two patients with Rippling muscle disease with severe reduction in caveolin-3 expression; one patient harboured the heterozygous c.84C>A mutation while the other patient harbored a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.102+ 2T>C) affecting the splice donor site of intron 1 of the CAV3 gene. Our results show that cells from control and rippling muscle disease patients had similar resting [Ca2+]i and 4-chloro-m-cresol-induced Ca2+ release but reduced KCl-induced Ca2+ influx. Detailed analysis of the voltage-dependence of Ca2+ transients revealed a significant shift of Ca2+ release activation to higher depolarization levels in CAV3 mutated cells. High resolution immunofluorescence analysis by Total Internal Fluorescence microscopy supports the hypothesis that loss of caveolin-3 leads to microscopic disarrays in the colocalization of the voltage-sensing dihydropyridine receptor and the ryanodine receptor, thereby reducing the efficiency of excitation–contraction coupling. Hum Mutat 32:309–317, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina D Ullrich
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Petrotchenko EV, Yamaguchi N, Pasek DA, Borchers CH, Meissner G. Mass spectrometric analysis and mutagenesis predict involvement of multiple cysteines in redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor ion channel complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2011:13-21. [PMID: 21603587 DOI: 10.2147/rrb.s15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tetrameric skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor ion channel complex (RyR1) contains a large number of free cysteines that are potential targets for redox-active molecules. Here, we report the mass spectrometric analysis of free thiols in RyR1 using the lipophilic, thiol-specific probe monobromobimane (MBB). In the presence of reduced glutathione, MBB labeled 14 cysteines per RyR1 subunit in tryptic peptides in five of five experiments. Forty-six additional MBB-labeled cysteines per RyR1 subunit were detected with lower frequency in tryptic peptides, bringing the total number of MBB-labeled cysteines to 60 per RyR1 subunit. A combination of fluorescence detection and mass spectrometry of RyR1, labeled in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione, identified two redox-sensitive cysteines (C1040 and C1303). Regulation of RyR activity by reduced and oxidized glutathione was investigated in skeletal muscle mutant RyR1s in which 18 cysteines were substituted with serine or alanine, using a [(3)H]ryanodine ligand binding assay. Three single-site RyR1 mutants (C1781S, C2436S, and C2606S) and two multisite mutants with five and seven substituted cysteines exhibited a reduced redox response compared with wild-type RyR1. The results suggest that multiple cysteines determine the redox state and activity of RyR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy V Petrotchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Treves S, Vukcevic M, Griesser J, Armstrong CF, Zhu MX, Zorzato F. Agonist-activated Ca2+ influx occurs at stable plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum junctions. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:4170-81. [PMID: 21062895 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.068387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctate is a 33 kDa integral protein of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum membranes that forms a macromolecular complex with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] receptors and TRPC3 channels. TIRF microscopy shows that junctate enhances the number of fluorescent puncta on the plasma membrane. The size and distribution of these puncta are not affected by the addition of agonists that mobilize Ca(2+) from Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-sensitive stores. Puncta are associated with a significantly larger number of peripheral junctions between endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, which are further enhanced upon stable co-expression of junctate and TRPC3. The gap between the membranes of peripheral junctions is bridged by regularly spaced electron-dense structures of 10 nm. Ins(1,4,5)P(3) inhibits the interaction of the cytoplasmic N-terminus of junctate with the ligand-binding domain of the Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptor. Furthermore, Ca(2+) influx evoked by activation of Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptors is increased where puncta are located. We conclude that stable peripheral junctions between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum are the anatomical sites of agonist-activated Ca(2+) entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Treves
- Department of Anesthesia, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Excitation-contraction coupling and minor triadic proteins in low-frequency fatigue. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2010; 38:135-42. [PMID: 20577062 DOI: 10.1097/jes.0b013e3181e3734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency fatigue (LFF) is characterized by a proportionally greater loss of force at low compared with high activation frequencies and a prolonged recovery. Recent work suggests a calcium-induced uncoupling of excitation-contraction coupling underlies LFF. Here, newly characterized triadic proteins are described, and possible mechanisms by which they may contribute to LFF are suggested.
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Wagenknecht TC, Liu Z. Electron microscopy of ryanodine receptors. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2010; 66:27-47. [PMID: 22353475 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(10)66002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence C Wagenknecht
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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Ruiz-Meana M, Fernandez-Sanz C, Garcia-Dorado D. The SR-mitochondria interaction: a new player in cardiac pathophysiology. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 88:30-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Abstract
The versatility of Ca(2+) as an intracellular messenger derives largely from the spatial organization of cytosolic Ca(2+) signals, most of which are generated by regulated openings of Ca(2+)-permeable channels. Most Ca(2+) channels are expressed in the plasma membrane (PM). Others, including the almost ubiquitous inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)R) and their relatives, the ryanodine receptors (RyR), are predominantly expressed in membranes of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Targeting of these channels to appropriate destinations underpins their ability to generate spatially organized Ca(2+) signals. All Ca(2+) channels begin life in the cytosol, and the vast majority are then functionally assembled in the ER, where they may either remain or be dispatched to other membranes. Here, by means of selective examples, we review two issues related to this trafficking of Ca(2+) channels via the ER. How do cells avoid wayward activity of Ca(2+) channels in transit as they pass from the ER via other membranes to their final destination? How and why do some cells express small numbers of the archetypal intracellular Ca(2+) channels, IP(3)R and RyR, in the PM?
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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