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Masood S, Kim HYH, Pennington ER, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Bromberg PA, Rice RL, Gold A, Zhang Z, Samet JM. GAPDH inhibition mediated by thiol oxidation in human airway epithelial cells exposed to an environmental peroxide. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103199. [PMID: 38810423 PMCID: PMC11167385 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular redox homeostasis in the airway epithelium is closely regulated through adaptive signaling and metabolic pathways. However, inhalational exposure to xenobiotic stressors such as secondary organic aerosols (SOA) can alter intracellular redox homeostasis. Isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), a ubiquitous volatile organic compound derived from the atmospheric photooxidation of biogenic isoprene, is a major contributor to SOA. We have previously demonstrated that exposure of human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) to ISOPOOH induces oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, glutathione oxidation, and alterations of glycolytic metabolism. Using dimedone-based reagents and copper catalyzed azo-alkynyl cycloaddition to tag intracellular protein thiol oxidation, we demonstrate that exposure of HAEC to micromolar levels of ISOPOOH induces reversible oxidation of cysteinyl thiols in multiple intracellular proteins, including GAPDH, that was accompanied by a dose-dependent loss of GAPDH enzymatic activity. These results demonstrate that ISOPOOH induces an oxidative modification of intracellular proteins that results in loss of GAPDH activity, which ultimately impacts the dynamic regulation of the intracellular redox homeostatic landscape in HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward R Pennington
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rice
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Weng J, Liu Q, Li C, Feng Y, Chang Q, Xie M, Wang X, Li M, Zhang H, Mao R, Zhang N, Yang X, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Huang Y, Li F. TRPA1-PI3K/Akt-OPA1-ferroptosis axis in ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cell and lung injury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170668. [PMID: 38320701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential (TRP) ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) could mediate ozone-induced lung injury. Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) is one of the significant mitochondrial fusion proteins. Impaired mitochondrial fusion, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis, may drive the onset and progression of lung injury. In this study, we examined whether TRPA1 mediated ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cell and lung injury by activating PI3K/Akt with the involvement of OPA1, leading to ferroptosis. METHODS Wild-type, TRPA1-knockout (KO) mice (C57BL/6 J background) and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1)-pretreated mice were exposed to 2.5 ppm ozone for 3 h. Human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells were treated with 1 ppm ozone for 3 h in the presence of TRPA1 inhibitor A967079 or TRPA1-knockdown (KD) as well as pharmacological modulators of PI3K/Akt-OPA1-ferroptosis. Transcriptome was used to screen and decipher the differential gene expressions and pathways. Oxidative stress, inflammation and ferroptosis were measured together with mitochondrial morphology, function and dynamics. RESULTS Acute ozone exposure induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reduced mitochondrial fusion, and enhanced ferroptosis in mice. Similarly, acute ozone exposure induced inflammatory responses, altered redox responses, abnormal mitochondrial structure and function, reduced mitochondrial fusion and enhanced ferroptosis in BEAS-2B cells. There were increased mitochondrial fusion, reduced inflammatory responses, decreased redox responses and ferroptosis in ozone-exposed TRPA1-KO mice and Fer-1-pretreated ozone-exposed mice. A967079 and TRPA1-KD enhanced OPA1 and prevented ferroptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in BEAS-2B cells. These in vitro results were further confirmed in pharmacological modulator experiments. CONCLUSION Exposure to ozone induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial cells and mouse lungs by activating TRPA1, which results in ferroptosis mediated via a PI3K/Akt/OPA1 axis. This supports a potential role of TRPA1 blockade in preventing the deleterious effects of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Weng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chenfei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Meiqin Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Ruolin Mao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, NO. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
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Kim H, Kim M, Jang Y. Inhaled Volatile Molecules-Responsive TRP Channels as Non-Olfactory Receptors. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:192-204. [PMID: 37551139 PMCID: PMC10902705 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, odorant molecules are detected by olfactory receptors, which are specialized chemoreceptors expressed in olfactory neurons. Besides odorant molecules, certain volatile molecules can be inhaled through the respiratory tract, often leading to pathophysiological changes in the body. These inhaled molecules mediate cellular signaling through the activation of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in peripheral tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TRP channels that are involved in the detection and response to volatile molecules, including hazardous substances, anesthetics, plant-derived compounds, and pheromones. The review aims to shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the sensing of inhaled volatile molecules. Therefore, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the roles of TRP channels in the response to inhaled molecules, providing insights into their implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
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4
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Pennington ER, Masood S, Simmons SO, Dailey L, Bromberg PA, Rice RL, Gold A, Zhang Z, Wu W, Yang Y, Samet JM. Real-time redox adaptations in human airway epithelial cells exposed to isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102646. [PMID: 36867944 PMCID: PMC10011437 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While redox processes play a vital role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by regulating critical signaling and metabolic pathways, supra-physiological or sustained oxidative stress can lead to adverse responses or cytotoxicity. Inhalation of ambient air pollutants such as particulate matter and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) induces oxidative stress in the respiratory tract through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We investigated the effect of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), an atmospheric oxidation product of vegetation-derived isoprene and a constituent of SOA, on intracellular redox homeostasis in cultured human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). We used high-resolution live cell imaging of HAEC expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric biosensors Grx1-roGFP2, iNAP1, or HyPer, to assess changes in the cytoplasmic ratio of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione (GSSG:GSH), and the flux of NADPH and H2O2, respectively. Non-cytotoxic exposure to ISOPOOH resulted in a dose-dependent increase of GSSG:GSH in HAEC that was markedly potentiated by prior glucose deprivation. ISOPOOH-induced increase in glutathione oxidation were accompanied by concomitant decreases in intracellular NADPH. Following ISOPOOH exposure, the introduction of glucose resulted in a rapid restoration of GSH and NADPH, while the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose resulted in inefficient restoration of baseline GSH and NADPH. To elucidate bioenergetic adaptations involved in combatting ISOPOOH-induced oxidative stress we investigated the regulatory role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). A knockout of G6PD markedly impaired glucose-mediated recovery of GSSG:GSH but not NADPH. These findings reveal rapid redox adaptations involved in the cellular response to ISOPOOH and provide a live view of the dynamic regulation of redox homeostasis in human airway cells as they are exposed to environmental oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rice
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Hooper JS, Taylor-Clark TE. Irritant-evoked reflex tachyarrhythmia in spontaneously hypertensive rats is reduced by inhalation of TRPM8 agonists l-menthol and WS-12. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:307-315. [PMID: 36603045 PMCID: PMC9886351 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00495.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of noxious irritants activates nociceptive sensory afferent nerves innervating the airways, inducing reflex regulation of autonomic networks and the modulation of respiratory drive and cardiovascular (CV) parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure. In healthy mammals, irritant-evoked pulmonary-cardiac reflexes cause parasympathetic-mediated bradycardia. However, in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, irritant inhalation also increases sympathetic drive to the heart. This remodeled pulmonary-cardiac reflex may contribute to cardiovascular risk caused by inhalation of air pollutants/irritants in susceptible individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies have shown that the cooling mimic l-menthol, an agonist for the cold-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), can alleviate nasal inflammatory symptoms and respiratory reflexes evoked by irritants. Here, we investigated the impact of inhalation of TRPM8 agonists l-menthol and WS-12 on pulmonary-cardiac reflexes evoked by inhalation of the irritant allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) using radiotelemetry. l-Menthol, but not its inactive analog d-menthol, significantly reduced the AITC-evoked reflex tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in SH rats but had no effect on the AITC-evoked bradycardia in either SH or normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. WS-12 reduced AITC-evoked tachycardia and PVCs in SH rats, but this more potent TRPM8 agonist also reduced AITC-evoked bradycardia. l-Menthol had no effect on heart rate when given alone, whereas WS-12 evoked a minor bradycardia in WKY rats. We conclude that stimulation of TRPM8-expressing afferents within the airways reduces irritant-evoked pulmonary-cardiac reflexes, especially the aberrant reflex tachyarrhythmia in SH rats. Airway menthol treatment may be an effective therapy for reducing pollution-associated CV exacerbations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Irritant-evoked pulmonary-cardiac reflexes are remodeled in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats-causing de novo sympathetic reflexes that drive tachyarrhythmia. This remodeling may contribute to air pollution-associated risk in susceptible individuals with cardiovascular disease. We found that inhalation of TRPM8 agonists, l-menthol and WS-12, but not the inactive analog d-menthol, selectively reduces the reflex tachyarrhythmia evoked by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) inhalation in SH rats. Use of menthol may protect susceptible individuals from pollution-associated CV exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shane Hooper
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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6
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Camponogara C, Oliveira SM. Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103836. [PMID: 35248760 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Masood S, Pennington ER, Simmons SO, Bromberg PA, Shaikh SR, Rice RL, Gold A, Zhang Z, Samet JM. Live cell imaging of oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to isoprene hydroxyhydroperoxide. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102281. [PMID: 35306372 PMCID: PMC8933716 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to respirable air particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air is associated with morbidity and premature deaths. A major source of PM2.5 is the photooxidation of volatile plant-produced organic compounds such as isoprene. Photochemical oxidation of isoprene leads to the formation of hydroperoxides, environmental oxidants that lead to inflammatory (IL-8) and adaptive (HMOX1) gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). To examine the mechanism through which these oxidants alter intracellular redox balance, we used live-cell imaging to monitor the effects of isoprene hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) in HAEC expressing roGFP2, a sensor of the glutathione redox potential (EGSH). Non-cytotoxic exposure of HAEC to ISOPOOH resulted in a rapid and robust increase in EGSH that was independent of the generation of intracellular or extracellular hydrogen peroxide. Our results point to oxidation of GSH through the redox relay initiated by glutathione peroxidase 4, directly by ISOPOOH or indirectly by ISOPOOH-generated lipid hydroperoxides. We did not find evidence for involvement of peroxiredoxin 6. Supplementation of HAEC with polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced ISOPOOH-induced glutathione oxidation, providing additional evidence that ISOPOOH initiates lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. These findings demonstrate that ISOPOOH is a potent environmental airborne hydroperoxide with the potential to contribute to oxidative burden of human airway posed by inhalation of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saame R Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rice
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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8
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Mahajan N, Khare P, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. TRPA1: Pharmacology, natural activators and role in obesity prevention. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174553. [PMID: 34627805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a calcium permeable, non-selective cation channel, expressed in the sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells of different tissues. Initially studied for its role in pain and inflammation, TRPA1 has now functionally involved in multiple other physiological functions. TRPA1 channel has been extensively studied for modulation by pungent compounds present in the spices and herbs. In the last decade, the role of TRPA1 agonism in body weight reduction, secretion of hunger and satiety hormones, insulin secretion and thermogenesis, has unveiled the potential of the TRPA1 channel to be used as a preventive target to tackle obesity and associated comorbidities including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of TRPA1 based dietary/non-dietary modulation for its role in obesity prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mahajan
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Suhaimi NF, Jalaludin J, Abu Bakar S. The Influence of Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) in Primary Schools and Residential Proximity to Traffic Sources on Histone H3 Level in Selected Malaysian Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157995. [PMID: 34360284 PMCID: PMC8345469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and histone H3 modification among school children in high-traffic (HT) and low-traffic (LT) areas in Malaysia. Respondents' background information and personal exposure to traffic sources were obtained from questionnaires distributed to randomly selected school children. Real-time monitoring instruments were used for 6-h measurements of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, NO2, SO2, O3, CO, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Meanwhile, 24-h measurements of PM2.5-bound black carbon (BC) were performed using air sampling pumps. The salivary histone H3 level was captured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HT schools had significantly higher PM10, PM2.5, PM1, BC, NO2, SO2, O3, CO, and TVOC than LT schools, all at p < 0.001. Children in the HT area were more likely to get higher histone H3 levels (z = -5.13). There were positive weak correlations between histone H3 level and concentrations of NO2 (r = 0.37), CO (r = 0.36), PM1 (r = 0.35), PM2.5 (r = 0.34), SO2 (r = 0.34), PM10 (r = 0.33), O3 (r = 0.33), TVOC (r = 0.25), and BC (r = 0.19). Overall, this study proposes the possible role of histone H3 modification in interpreting the effects of TRAP exposure via non-genotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Faseeha Suhaimi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-97692401
| | - Suhaili Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Hooper JS, Taylor-Clark TE. Irritant Inhalation Evokes P Wave Morphological Changes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats via Reflex Modulation of the Autonomic Nervous System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:642299. [PMID: 34385930 PMCID: PMC8353281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.642299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritant inhalation is associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Irritant inhalation acutely regulates cardiac function via autonomic reflexes. Increases in parasympathetic and sympathetic reflexes may increase atrial susceptibility to ectopic activity and the initiation of arrhythmia such as AF. Both age and hypertension are risk factors for AF. We have shown that irritant-evoked pulmonary–cardiac reflexes are remodeled in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats to include a sympathetic component in addition to the parasympathetic reflex observed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Here, we analyzed P wave morphology in 15-week old WKY and SH rats during inhalation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). P Wave morphology was normal during vehicle inhalation but was variably modulated by AITC. AITC increased RR intervals (RRi), PR intervals, and the P Wave duration. In SH rats only, AITC inhalation increased the occurrence of negative P waves. The incidence of AITC-evoked negative P waves in SH rats was dependent on RRi, increasing during bradycardic and tachycardic cardiac cycles. Inhibition of both parasympathetic (using atropine) and sympathetic (using atenolol) components of the pulmonary–cardiac reflex decreased the incidence of negative P waves. Lastly, the probability of evoking a negative P Wave was increased by the occurrence of preceding negative P waves. We conclude that the remodeled irritant-evoked pulmonary–cardiac reflex in SH rats provides a substrate for altered P Wave morphologies. These are likely ectopic atrial beats that could provide a trigger for AF initiation in structurally remodeled atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shane Hooper
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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11
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Gu Q, Lee LY. TRP channels in airway sensory nerves. Neurosci Lett 2021; 748:135719. [PMID: 33587987 PMCID: PMC7988689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels expressed in specific subsets of airway sensory nerves function as transducers and integrators of a diverse range of sensory inputs including chemical, mechanical and thermal signals. These TRP sensors can detect inhaled irritants as well as endogenously released chemical substances. They play an important role in generating the afferent activity carried by these sensory nerves and regulating the centrally mediated pulmonary defense reflexes. Increasing evidence reported in recent investigations has revealed important involvements of several TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPM8) in the manifestation of various symptoms and pathogenesis of certain acute and chronic airway diseases. This mini-review focuses primarily on these recent findings of the responses of these TRP sensors to the biological stresses emerging under the pathophysiological conditions of the lung and airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihai Gu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
| | - Lu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Air pollutants pose a serious worldwide health hazard, causing respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pollutants perturb the autonomic nervous system, whose function is critical to cardiopulmonary homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that pollutants can stimulate defensive sensory nerves within the cardiopulmonary system, thus providing a possible mechanism for pollutant-induced autonomic dysfunction. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved would likely improve the management and treatment of pollution-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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13
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14
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Corteselli EM, Gold A, Surratt J, Cui T, Bromberg P, Dailey L, Samet JM. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids potentiates oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109627. [PMID: 32417507 PMCID: PMC9131300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of the omega-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 FA) is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. However, unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, which produces pro-inflammatory mediators. Ozone (O3) is a tropospheric pollutant that reacts rapidly with unsaturated fatty acids to produce electrophilic and oxidative mediators of inflammation. OBJECTIVE Determine whether supplementation with ω-3 FA alters O3-induced oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). METHODS 16-HBE cells expressing a genetically encoded sensor of the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG, EGSH) were supplemented with saturated, monounsaturated, or ω-3 FA prior to exposure to 0, 0.08, 0.1, or 0.3 ppm O3. Lipid peroxidation was measured in cellular lipid extracts and intact cells following O3 exposure. RESULTS Relative to cells incubated with the saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, cells supplemented with ω-3 FA containing 5 or 6 double bonds showed a marked increase in EGSH during exposure to O3 concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm. Consistent with this finding, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides produced following O3 exposure was significantly elevated in ω-3 FA supplemented cells. DISCUSSION Supplementation with polyunsaturated ω-3 FA potentiates oxidative responses, as indicated by EGSH, in HAEC exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of O3. This effect is mediated by the increased formation of lipid hydroperoxides produced by the reaction of O3 with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Given the inflammatory activity of lipid hydroperoxides, these findings have implications for the potential role of ω-3 FA in increasing human susceptibility to the adverse health effects of O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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15
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Undem BJ, Sun H. Molecular/Ionic Basis of Vagal Bronchopulmonary C-Fiber Activation by Inflammatory Mediators. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:57-68. [PMID: 31799905 PMCID: PMC6985783 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent C fibers by inflammatory mediators can lead to coughing, chest tightness, and changes in breathing pattern, as well as reflex bronchoconstriction and secretions. These responses serve a defensive function in healthy lungs but likely contribute to many of the signs and symptoms of inflammatory airway diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the activation of bronchopulmonary C-fiber terminals may lead to novel therapeutics that would work in an additive or synergic manner with existing anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Sun
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Miller CN, Dye JA, Ledbetter AD, Richards JE, Hargrove MM, Williams WC, Kodavanti UP. Beta-2 Adrenergic and Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists Modulate Ozone-Induced Pulmonary Protein Leakage and Inflammation in Healthy and Adrenalectomized Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:288-305. [PMID: 30379318 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that acute ozone inhalation activates sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress axes, and adrenalectomy (AD) inhibits ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that stress hormone receptor agonists (β2 adrenergic-β2AR and glucocorticoid-GR) will restore the ozone injury phenotype in AD, while exacerbating effects in sham-surgery (SH) rats. Male Wistar Kyoto rats that underwent SH or AD were treated with vehicles (saline + corn oil) or β2AR agonist clenbuterol (CLEN, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) + GR agonist dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 1 day and immediately prior to each day of exposure to filtered air or ozone (0.8 ppm, 4 h/day for 1 or 2 days). Ozone-induced increases in PenH and peak-expiratory flow were exacerbated in CLEN+DEX-treated SH and AD rats. CLEN+DEX affected breath waveform in all rats. Ozone exposure in vehicle-treated SH rats increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity (macrophage activation), neutrophils, and lung cytokine expression while reducing circulating lymphocyte subpopulations. AD reduced these ozone effects in vehicle-treated rats. At the doses used herein, CLEN+DEX treatment reversed the protection offered by AD and exacerbated most ozone-induced lung effects while diminishing circulating lymphocytes. CLEN+DEX in air-exposed SH rats also induced marked protein leakage and reduced circulating lymphocytes but did not increase BALF neutrophils. In conclusion, circulating stress hormones and their receptors mediate ozone-induced vascular leakage and inflammatory cell trafficking to the lung. Those receiving β2AR and GR agonists for chronic pulmonary diseases, or with increased circulating stress hormones due to psychosocial stresses, might have altered sensitivity to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Colette N Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Janice A Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Marie M Hargrove
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Wanda C Williams
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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17
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Talavera K, Startek JB, Alvarez-Collazo J, Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Sanchez A, Naert R, Nilius B. Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:725-803. [PMID: 31670612 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only one member, TRPA1, which is widely expressed in sensory neurons and in non-neuronal cells (such as epithelial cells and hair cells). TRPA1 owes its name to the presence of 14 ankyrin repeats located in the NH2 terminus of the channel, an unusual structural feature that may be relevant to its interactions with intracellular components. TRPA1 is primarily involved in the detection of an extremely wide variety of exogenous stimuli that may produce cellular damage. This includes a plethora of electrophilic compounds that interact with nucleophilic amino acid residues in the channel and many other chemically unrelated compounds whose only common feature seems to be their ability to partition in the plasma membrane. TRPA1 has been reported to be activated by cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli, and its function is modulated by multiple factors, including Ca2+, trace metals, pH, and reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl species. TRPA1 is involved in acute and chronic pain as well as inflammation, plays key roles in the pathophysiology of nearly all organ systems, and is an attractive target for the treatment of related diseases. Here we review the current knowledge about the mammalian TRPA1 channel, linking its unique structure, widely tuned sensory properties, and complex regulation to its roles in multiple pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julio Alvarez-Collazo
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Kistemaker LEM, Prakash YS. Airway Innervation and Plasticity in Asthma. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:283-298. [PMID: 31165683 PMCID: PMC6863372 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00050.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway nerves represent a mechanistically and therapeutically important aspect that requires better highlighting in the context of diseases such as asthma. Altered structure and function (plasticity) of afferent and efferent airway innervation can contribute to airway diseases. We describe established anatomy, current understanding of how plasticity occurs, and contributions of plasticity to asthma, focusing on target-derived growth factors (neurotrophins). Perspectives toward novel treatment strategies and future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Giorgi S, Nikolaeva-Koleva M, Alarcón-Alarcón D, Butrón L, González-Rodríguez S. Is TRPA1 Burning Down TRPV1 as Druggable Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122906. [PMID: 31197115 PMCID: PMC6627658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, a great array of molecular mediators have been identified as potential targets for the treatment of chronic pain. Among these mediators, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily members have been thoroughly studied. Namely, the nonselective cationic channel, transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), has been described as a chemical nocisensor involved in noxious cold and mechanical sensation and as rivalling TRPV1, which traditionally has been considered as the most important TRP channel involved in nociceptive transduction. However, few TRPA1-related drugs have succeeded in clinical trials. In the present review, we attempt to discuss the latest data on the topic and future directions for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giorgi
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Avda de la Univesidad s/n, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Nikolaeva-Koleva
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Avda de la Univesidad s/n, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
- AntalGenics, SL. Ed. Quorum III, Parque Científico Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - David Alarcón-Alarcón
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Avda de la Univesidad s/n, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Laura Butrón
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Avda de la Univesidad s/n, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Sara González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Avda de la Univesidad s/n, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
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20
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Hooper JS, Stanford KR, Alencar PA, Alves NG, Breslin JW, Dean JB, Morris KF, Taylor-Clark TE. Nociceptive pulmonary-cardiac reflexes are altered in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Physiol 2019; 597:3255-3279. [PMID: 31077371 DOI: 10.1113/jp278085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We investigated the cardiovascular and respiratory responses of the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat and the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat to inhalation and intravenous injection of the noxious stimuli allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). AITC inhalation evoked atropine-sensitive bradycardia in conscious WKY rats, and evoked atropine-sensitive bradycardia and atenolol-sensitive tachycardia with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in conscious SH rats. Intravenous injection of AITC evoked bradycardia but no tachycardia/PVCs in conscious SHs, while inhalation and injection of AITC caused similar bradypnoea in conscious SH and WKY rats. Anaesthesia (inhaled isoflurane) inhibited the cardiac reflexes evoked by inhaled AITC but not injected AITC. Data indicate the presence of a de novo nociceptive pulmonary-cardiac reflex triggering sympathoexcitation in SH rats, and this reflex is dependent on vagal afferents but is not due to steady state blood pressure or due to remodelling of vagal efferent function. ABSTRACT Inhalation of noxious irritants/pollutants activates airway nociceptive afferents resulting in reflex bradycardia in healthy animals. Nevertheless, noxious pollutants evoke sympathoexcitation (tachycardia, hypertension) in cardiovascular disease patients. We hypothesize that cardiovascular disease alters nociceptive pulmonary-cardiac reflexes. Here, we studied reflex responses to irritants in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. Inhaled allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) evoked atropine-sensitive bradycardia with atrial-ventricular (AV) block in conscious WKY rats, thus indicating a parasympathetic reflex. Conversely, inhaled AITC in conscious SH rats evoked complex brady-tachycardia with both AV block and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Atropine abolished the bradycardia and AV block, but the atropine-insensitive tachycardia and PVCs were abolished by the β1 -adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol. The aberrant AITC-evoked reflex in SH rats was not reduced by acute blood pressure reduction by captopril. Surprisingly, intravenous AITC only evoked bradycardia in conscious SH and WKY rats. Furthermore, anaesthesia reduced the cardiac reflexes evoked by inhaled but not injected AITC. Nevertheless, anaesthesia had little effect on AITC-evoked respiratory reflexes. Such data suggest distinct differences in nociceptive reflex pathways dependent on cardiovascular disease, administration route and downstream effector. AITC-evoked tachycardia in decerebrate SH rats was abolished by vagotomy. Finally, there was no difference in the cardiac responses of WKY and SH rats to vagal efferent electrical stimulation. Our data suggest that AITC inhalation in SH rats evokes de novo adrenergic reflexes following vagal afferent activation. This aberrant reflex is independent of steady state hypertension and is not evoked by intravenous AITC. We conclude that pre-existing hypertension aberrantly shifts nociceptive pulmonary-cardiac reflexes towards sympathoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shane Hooper
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katherine R Stanford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pierina A Alencar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Natascha G Alves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jay B Dean
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kendall F Morris
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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21
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Martinez JM, Eling TE. Activation of TRPA1 by volatile organic chemicals leading to sensory irritation. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2019; 36:572-582. [PMID: 31026039 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1811012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) have not been tested for sensory pulmonary irritation. Development of in vitro non-animal sensory irritation assay suitable for a large number of chemicals is needed to replace the mouse assay. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is designed to provide a clear description of the biochemical and cellular processes leading to toxicological effects or an adverse outcome. The AOP for chemical sensory pulmonary irritation was developed according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidance including the Bradford Hill criteria for a weight of evidence to determine the confidence of the AOP. The proposed AOP is based on an in-depth review of the relevant scientific literature to identify the initial molecular event for respiratory irritation. The activation of TRPA1 receptor (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1) is the molecular initial event (MIE) leading to sensory irritation. A direct measure of TRPA1 activation in vitro should identify chemical sensory irritants and provide an estimate of potency. Fibroblasts expressing TRPA1 are used to determine TRPA1 activation and irritant potency. We report a linear relationship between the in vivo RD₅₀ and the in vitro pEC₅₀ values (R=0.81) to support this hypothesis. We propose that this in vitro assay after additional analysis and validation could serve as a suitable candidate to replace the mouse sensory irritation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanelle M Martinez
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Eling
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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22
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Corteselli EM, Gibbs-Flournoy E, Simmons SO, Bromberg P, Gold A, Samet JM. Long chain lipid hydroperoxides increase the glutathione redox potential through glutathione peroxidase 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:950-959. [PMID: 30844486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxidation of PUFAs by a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles is a recognized pathophysiological process that can lead to adverse health effects. Although secondary products generated from peroxidized PUFAs have been relatively well studied, the role of primary lipid hydroperoxides in mediating early intracellular oxidative events is not well understood. METHODS Live cell imaging was used to monitor changes in glutathione (GSH) oxidation in HAEC expressing the fluorogenic sensor roGFP during exposure to 9-hydroperoxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HpODE), a biologically important long chain lipid hydroperoxide, and its secondary product 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). The role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was examined by direct measurement and through catalase interventions. shRNA-mediated knockdown of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) was utilized to determine its involvement in the relay through which 9-HpODE initiates the oxidation of GSH. RESULTS Exposure to 9-HpODE caused a dose-dependent increase in GSH oxidation in HAEC that was independent of intracellular or extracellular H2O2 production and was exacerbated by NADPH depletion. GPx4 was involved in the initiation of GSH oxidation in HAEC by 9-HpODE, but not that induced by exposure to H2O2 or the low molecular weight alkyl tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH). CONCLUSIONS Long chain lipid hydroperoxides can directly alter cytosolic EGSH independent of secondary lipid oxidation products or H2O2 production. NADPH has a protective role against 9-HpODE induced EGSH changes. GPx4 is involved specifically in the reduction of long-chain lipid hydroperoxides, leading to GSH oxidation. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal a previously unrecognized consequence of lipid peroxidation, which may provide insight into disease states involving lipid peroxidation in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Philip Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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23
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Lee KZ, Xu KJ. The Impact of Cervical Spinal Cord Contusion on the Laryngeal Resistance in the Rat. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:448-459. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ze Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Jun Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Topical treatment with a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist reduced nociception and inflammation in a thermal lesion model in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Hazari MS, Stratford KM, Krantz T, King C, Krug J, Farraj AK, Gilmour I. Comparative Cardiopulmonary Effects of Particulate Matter- And Ozone-Enhanced Smog Atmospheres in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3071-3080. [PMID: 29388764 PMCID: PMC6089361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the cardiac effects of particulate matter (PM)- (SA-PM) and ozone(O3)-enhanced (SA-O3) smog atmospheres in mice. Based on our previous findings of filtered diesel exhaust we hypothesized that SA-O3 would cause greater cardiac dysfunction than SA-PM. Radiotelemetered mice were exposed to either SA-PM, SA-O3, or filtered air (FA) for 4 h. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure. Both SA-PM and SA-O3 increased heart rate variability (HRV) but only SA-PM increased HR. Normalization of responses to total hydrocarbons, gas-only hydrocarbons and PM concentration were performed to assess the relative contribution of each phase given the compositional variability. Normalization to PM concentration revealed that SA-O3 was more potent in increasing HRV, arrhythmogenesis, and causing ventilatory changes. However, there were no differences when the responses were normalized to total or gas-phase only hydrocarbons. Thus, this study demonstrates that a single exposure to smog causes cardiac effects in mice. Although the responses of SA-PM and SA-O3 are similar, the latter is more potent in causing electrical disturbances and breathing changes potentially due to the effects of irritant gases, which should therefore be accounted for more rigorously in health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi S. Hazari
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Kimberly M. Stratford
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Todd Krantz
- Inhalation Toxicology Facilities Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Charly King
- Inhalation Toxicology Facilities Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Jonathan Krug
- Exposure Methods and Measurement Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Aimen K. Farraj
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Ian Gilmour
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Moore C, Gupta R, Jordt SE, Chen Y, Liedtke WB. Regulation of Pain and Itch by TRP Channels. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:120-142. [PMID: 29282613 PMCID: PMC5799130 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociception is an important physiological process that detects harmful signals and results in pain perception. In this review, we discuss important experimental evidence involving some TRP ion channels as molecular sensors of chemical, thermal, and mechanical noxious stimuli to evoke the pain and itch sensations. Among them are the TRPA1 channel, members of the vanilloid subfamily (TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4), and finally members of the melastatin group (TRPM2, TRPM3, and TRPM8). Given that pain and itch are pro-survival, evolutionarily-honed protective mechanisms, care has to be exercised when developing inhibitory/modulatory compounds targeting specific pain/itch-TRPs so that physiological protective mechanisms are not disabled to a degree that stimulus-mediated injury can occur. Such events have impeded the development of safe and effective TRPV1-modulating compounds and have diverted substantial resources. A beneficial outcome can be readily accomplished via simple dosing strategies, and also by incorporating medicinal chemistry design features during compound design and synthesis. Beyond clinical use, where compounds that target more than one channel might have a place and possibly have advantageous features, highly specific and high-potency compounds will be helpful in mechanistic discovery at the structure-function level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene Moore
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Wolfgang B Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Feng X, Beiping L. Therapeutic Efficacy of Ozone Injection into the Knee for the Osteoarthritis Patient along with Oral Celecoxib and Glucosamine. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:UC01-UC03. [PMID: 29207809 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26065.10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Suffering from osteoarthritis is prevalent among elderly patients so the use of intra-articular injection of medical ozone may well be the effective way to relieve their pain. Aim To evaluate the effect of intra-articular injection of medical ozone given into the knee of the osteoarthritis patients, and to compare it with taking celecoxib and glucosamine orally. Materials and Methods In the present study, 76 patients suffering from osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into two groups. In the ozone group, 20 ml ozone-oxygen mixture gas concentration of 20 μg/ml was injected into knee articular cavity and each patient took oral celecoxib and glucosamine hydrochloride. Patients in control group only took the celecoxib and glucosamine hydrochloride orally.Pain score and Lysholm knee score were measured prior to the injection (pretreatment) and at one, three, six weeks after the beginning of the treatment (posttreatment). Results After the treatment, the pain intensity and function significantly improved in the two groups compared with the pretreatment (p<0.05). In the ozone group, three weeks after intervention, the pain score improved significantly when compared with the control group (p<0.05).After the treatment, the lysholm scores increased significantly (p<0.05), but in the ozone group, it improved faster. Conclusion Intra-articular injection of ozone plus oral celecoxib and glucosamine could significantly decrease pain intensity in patients with mild to moderate Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), and improve their functional status early than oral celecoxib and glucosamine only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Beiping
- Chief Physician, Department of Anaesthesiology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Snow SJ, McGee MA, Henriquez A, Richards JE, Schladweiler MC, Ledbetter AD, Kodavanti UP. Respiratory Effects and Systemic Stress Response Following Acute Acrolein Inhalation in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:454-464. [PMID: 28541489 PMCID: PMC6515527 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to the pulmonary irritant ozone causes myriad systemic metabolic and pulmonary effects attributed to sympathetic and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, which are exacerbated in metabolically impaired models. We examined respiratory and systemic effects following exposure to a sensory irritant acrolein to elucidate the systemic and pulmonary consequences in healthy and diabetic rat models. Male Wistar and Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats, a nonobese type II diabetic Wistar-derived model, were exposed by inhalation to 0, 2, or 4 ppm acrolein, 4 h/d for 1 or 2 days. Exposure at 4 ppm significantly increased pulmonary and nasal inflammation in both strains with vascular protein leakage occurring only in the nose. Acrolein exposure (4 ppm) also caused metabolic impairment by inducing hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance (GK > Wistar). Serum total cholesterol (GKs only), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (both strains), and free fatty acids (GK > Wistar) levels increased; however, no acrolein-induced changes were noted in branched-chain amino acid or insulin levels. These responses corresponded with a significant increase in corticosterone and modest but insignificant increases in adrenaline in both strains, suggesting activation of the HPA axis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that acrolein exposure has a profound effect on nasal and pulmonary inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, with the systemic effects exacerbated in the metabolically impaired GKs. These results are similar to ozone-induced responses with the exception of lung protein leakage and ability to alter branched-chain amino acid and insulin levels, suggesting some differences in neuroendocrine regulation of these two air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marie A. McGee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Judy E. Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allen D. Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Frampton MW, Balmes JR, Bromberg PA, Stark P, Arjomandi M, Hazucha MJ, Rich DQ, Hollenbeck-Pringle D, Dagincourt N, Alexis N, Ganz P, Zareba W, Costantini MG. Multicenter Ozone Study in oldEr Subjects (MOSES): Part 1. Effects of Exposure to Low Concentrations of Ozone on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2017; 2017:1-107. [PMID: 31898880 PMCID: PMC7266375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to air pollution is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Most of the evidence supporting an association between air pollution and adverse cardiovascular effects involves exposure to particulate matter (PM). To date, little attention has been paid to acute cardiovascular responses to ozone, in part due to the notion that ozone causes primarily local effects on lung function, which are the basis for the current ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). There is evidence from a few epidemiological studies of adverse health effects of chronic exposure to ambient ozone, including increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease. However, in contrast to the well-established association between ambient ozone and various nonfatal adverse respiratory effects, the observational evidence for impacts of acute (previous few days) increases in ambient ozone levels on total cardiovascular mortality and morbidity is mixed. Ozone is a prototypic oxidant gas that reacts with constituents of the respiratory tract lining fluid to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can overwhelm antioxidant defenses and cause local oxidative stress. Pathways by which ozone could cause cardiovascular dysfunction include alterations in autonomic balance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. These initial responses could lead ultimately to arrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction, acute arterial vasoconstriction, and procoagulant activity. Individuals with impaired antioxidant defenses, such as those with the null variant of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), may be at increased risk for acute health effects. The Multicenter Ozone Study in oldEr Subjects (MOSES) was a controlled human exposure study designed to evaluate whether short-term exposure of older, healthy individuals to ambient levels of ozone induces acute cardiovascular responses. The study was designed to test the a priori hypothesis that short-term exposure to ambient levels of ozone would induce acute cardiovascular responses through the following mechanisms: autonomic imbalance, systemic inflammation, and development of a prothrombotic vascular state. We also postulated a priori the confirmatory hypothesis that exposure to ozone would induce airway inflammation, lung injury, and lung function decrements. Finally, we postulated the secondary hypotheses that ozone-induced acute cardiovascular responses would be associated with: (a) increased systemic oxidative stress and lung effects, and (b) the GSTM1-null genotype. METHODS The study was conducted at three clinical centers with a separate Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (DCAC) using a common protocol. All procedures were approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) of the participating centers. Healthy volunteers 55 to 70 years of age were recruited. Consented participants who successfully completed the screening and training sessions were enrolled in the study. All three clinical centers adhered to common standard operating procedures (SOPs) and used common tracking and data forms. Each subject was scheduled to participate in a total of 11 visits: screening visit, training visit, and three sets of exposure visits, each consisting of the pre-exposure day, the exposure day, and the post-exposure day. The subjects spent the night in a nearby hotel the night of the pre-exposure day. On exposure days, the subjects were exposed for three hours in random order to 0 ppb ozone (clean air), 70 ppb ozone, and 120 ppm ozone, alternating 15 minutes of moderate exercise with 15 minutes of rest. A suite of cardiovascular and pulmonary endpoints was measured on the day before, the day of, and up to 22 hours after, each exposure. The endpoints included: (1) electrocardiographic changes (continuous Holter monitoring: heart rate variability [HRV], repolarization, and arrhythmia); (2) markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], 8-isoprostane, nitrotyrosine, and P-selectin); (3) vascular function measures (blood pressure [BP], flow-mediated dilatation [FMD] of the brachial artery, and endothelin-1 [ET-1]; (4) venous blood markers of platelet activation, thrombosis, and microparticle-associated tissue factor activity (MP-TFA); (5) pulmonary function (spirometry); (6) markers of airway epithelial cell injury (increases in plasma club cell protein 16 [CC16] and sputum total protein); and (7) markers of lung inflammation in sputum (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN], IL-6, interleukin-8 [IL-8], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]). Sputum was collected only at 22 hours after exposure. The analyses of the continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, the brachial artery ultrasound (BAU) images, and the blood and sputum samples were carried out by core laboratories. The results of all analyses were submitted directly to the DCAC. The variables analyzed in the statistical models were represented as changes from pre-exposure to post-exposure (post-exposure minus pre-exposure). Mixed-effect linear models were used to evaluate the impact of exposure to ozone on the prespecified primary and secondary continuous outcomes. Site and time (when multiple measurements were taken) were controlled for in the models. Three separate interaction models were constructed for each outcome: ozone concentration by subject sex; ozone concentration by subject age; and ozone concentration by subject GSTM1 status (null or sufficient). Because of the issue of multiple comparisons, the statistical significance threshold was set a priori at P < 0.01. RESULTS Subject recruitment started in June 2012, and the first subject was randomized on July 25, 2012. Subject recruitment ended on December 31, 2014, and testing of all subjects was completed by April 30, 2015. A total of 87 subjects completed all three exposures. The mean age was 59.9 ± 4.5 years, 60% of the subjects were female, 88% were white, and 57% were GSTM1 null. Mean baseline body mass index (BMI), BP, cholesterol (total and low-density lipoprotein), and lung function were all within the normal range. We found no significant effects of ozone exposure on any of the primary or secondary endpoints for autonomic function, repolarization, ST segment change, or arrhythmia. Ozone exposure also did not cause significant changes in the primary endpoints for systemic inflammation (CRP) and vascular function (systolic blood pressure [SBP] and FMD) or secondary endpoints for systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (IL-6, P-selectin, and 8-isoprostane). Ozone did cause changes in two secondary endpoints: a significant increase in plasma ET-1 (P = 0.008) and a marginally significant decrease in nitrotyrosine (P = 0.017). Lastly, ozone exposure did not affect the primary prothrombotic endpoints (MP-TFA and monocyte-platelet conjugate count) or any secondary markers of prothrombotic vascular status (platelet activation, circulating microparticles [MPs], von Willebrand factor [vWF], or fibrinogen.). Although our hypothesis focused on possible acute cardiovascular effects of exposure to low levels of ozone, we recognized that the initial effects of inhaled ozone involve the lower airways. Therefore, we looked for: (a) changes in lung function, which are known to occur during exposure to ozone and are maximal at the end of exposure; and (b) markers of airway injury and inflammation. We found an increase in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) after exposure to 0 ppb ozone, likely due to the effects of exercise. The FEV₁ increased significantly 15 minutes after 0 ppb exposure (85 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 64 to 106; P < 0.001), and remained significantly increased from pre-exposure at 22 hours (45 mL; 95% CI, 26 to 64; P < 0.001). The increase in FVC followed a similar pattern. The increase in FEV₁ and FVC were attenuated in a dose-response manner by exposure to 70 and 120 ppb ozone. We also observed a significant ozone-induced increase in the percentage of sputum PMN 22 hours after exposure at 120 ppb compared to 0 ppb exposure (P = 0.003). Plasma CC16 also increased significantly after exposure to 120 ppb (P < 0.001). Sputum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations were not significantly different after ozone exposure. We found no significant interactions with sex, age, or GSTM1 status regarding the effect of ozone on lung function, percentage of sputum PMN, or plasma CC16. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter clinical study of older healthy subjects, ozone exposure caused concentration-related reductions in lung function and presented evidence for airway inflammation and injury. However, there was no convincing evidence for effects on cardiovascular function. Blood levels of the potent vasoconstrictor, ET-1, increased with ozone exposure (with marginal statistical significance), but there were no effects on BP, FMD, or other markers of vascular function. Blood levels of nitrotyrosine decreased with ozone exposure, the opposite of our hypothesis. Our study does not support acute cardiovascular effects of low-level ozone exposure in healthy older subjects. Inclusion of only healthy older individuals is a major limitation, which may affect the generalizability of our findings. We cannot exclude the possibility of effects with higher ozone exposure concentrations or more prolonged exposure, or the possibility that subjects with underlying vascular disease, such as hypertension or diabetes, would show effects under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Frampton
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - P Stark
- New England Research Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - D Q Rich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - N Dagincourt
- New England Research Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts
| | - N Alexis
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - P Ganz
- University of California, San Francisco
| | - W Zareba
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Mazzone SB, Undem BJ. Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 96:975-1024. [PMID: 27279650 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology and pulmonary defense through local responses and centrally mediated neural pathways. Mechanical and chemical activation of airway afferents depends on a myriad of ionic and receptor-mediated signaling, much of which has yet to be fully explored. Alterations in the sensitivity and neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent nerves and/or the neural pathways that they innervate occur in a wide variety of pulmonary diseases, and as such, understanding the mechanisms of vagal sensory function and dysfunction may reveal novel therapeutic targets. In this comprehensive review we discuss historical and state-of-the-art concepts in airway sensory neurobiology and explore mechanisms underlying how vagal sensory pathways become dysfunctional in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bradley J Undem
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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31
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MORI Y, TAKAHASHI N, KUROKAWA T, KIYONAKA S. TRP channels in oxygen physiology: distinctive functional properties and roles of TRPA1 in O 2 sensing. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:464-482. [PMID: 28769017 PMCID: PMC5713176 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins form cation channels characterized by a wide variety of activation triggers. Here, we overview a group of TRP channels that respond to reactive redox species to transduce physiological signals, with a focus on TRPA1 and its role in oxygen physiology. Our systematic evaluation of oxidation sensitivity using cysteine-selective reactive disulphides with different redox potentials reveals that TRPA1 has the highest sensitivity to oxidants/electrophiles among the TRP channels, which enables it to sense O2. Proline hydroxylation by O2-dependent hydroxylases also regulates the O2-sensing function by inhibiting TRPA1 in normoxia; TRPA1 is activated by hypoxia through relief from the inhibition and by hyperoxia through cysteine oxidation that overrides the inhibition. TRPA1 enhances neuronal discharges induced by hyperoxia and hypoxia in the vagus to underlie respiratory adaptation to changes in O2 availability. This importance of TRPA1 in non-carotid body O2 sensors can be extended to the universal significance of redox-sensitive TRP channels in O2 adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo MORI
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: Y. Mori, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Nobuaki TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki KUROKAWA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki KIYONAKA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Grace PM, Gaudet AD, Staikopoulos V, Maier SF, Hutchinson MR, Salvemini D, Watkins LR. Nitroxidative Signaling Mechanisms in Pathological Pain. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:862-879. [PMID: 27842920 PMCID: PMC5148691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury can initiate bidirectional signaling between neurons, glia, and immune cells that creates and amplifies pain. While the ability for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines to initiate and maintain pain has been extensively studied, recent work has identified a key role for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS; nitroxidative species), including superoxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. In this review we describe how nitroxidative species are generated after tissue injury and the mechanisms by which they enhance neuroexcitability in pain pathways. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for normalizing nitroxidative signaling, which may also enhance opioid analgesia, to help to alleviate the enormous burden of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Current address: Department of Critical Care Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Andrew D Gaudet
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Kim YS, Hong CS, Lee SW, Nam JH, Kim BJ. Effects of ginger and its pungent constituents on transient receptor potential channels. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1905-1914. [PMID: 27840893 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger extract is used as an analeptic in herbal medicine and has been reported to exert antioxidant effects. Transient receptor potential (TRP) canonical 5 (TRPC5), TRP cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7; melastatin 7), and TRP cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1; ankyrin 1) are non-selective cation channels that are modulated by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and subsequently control various cellular processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ginger and its pungent constituents modulate these channels and exert antioxidant effects. It was found that TRPC5 and TRPA1 currents were modulated by ginger extract and by its pungent constituents, [6]-gingerol, zingerone and [6]-shogaol. In particular, [6]-shogaol markedly and dose-dependently inhibited TRPC5 currents with an IC50 of value of ~18.3 µM. Furthermore, the strong dose-dependent activation of TRPA1 currents by [6]-shogaol was abolished by A‑967079 (a selective TRPA1 inhibitor). However, ginger extract and its pungent constituents had no effect on TRPM7 currents. These results suggest the antioxidant effects of ginger extract and its pungent constituents are mediated through TRPC5 and TRPA1, and that [6]-shogaol is predominantly responsible for the regulation of TRPC5 and TRPA1 currents by ginger extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sik Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Weon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University, College of Medicine, Kyungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center (HAKMRC), Pusan National University, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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TRPA1 mediates changes in heart rate variability and cardiac mechanical function in mice exposed to acrolein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 324:51-60. [PMID: 27746315 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution is linked with adverse cardiovascular effects. While previous research focused primarily on particulate matter-induced responses, gaseous air pollutants also contribute to cause short-term cardiovascular effects. Mechanisms underlying such effects have not been adequately described, however the immediate nature of the response suggests involvement of irritant neural activation and downstream autonomic dysfunction. Thus, this study examines the role of TRPA1, an irritant sensory receptor found in the airways, in the cardiac response of mice to acrolein and ozone. Conscious unrestrained wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice implanted with radiotelemeters were exposed once to 3ppm acrolein, 0.3ppm ozone, or filtered air. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure. Analysis of ECG morphology, incidence of arrhythmia and heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. Cardiac mechanical function was assessed using a Langendorff perfusion preparation 24h post-exposure. Acrolein exposure increased HRV independent of HR, as well as incidence of arrhythmia. Acrolein also increased left ventricular developed pressure in WT mice at 24h post-exposure. Ozone did not produce any changes in cardiac function. Neither gas produced ECG effects, changes in HRV, arrhythmogenesis, or mechanical function in KO mice. These data demonstrate that a single exposure to acrolein causes cardiac dysfunction through TRPA1 activation and autonomic imbalance characterized by a shift toward parasympathetic modulation. Furthermore, it is clear from the lack of ozone effects that although gaseous irritants are capable of eliciting immediate cardiac changes, gas concentration and properties play important roles.
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Su D, Zhao H, Hu J, Tang D, Cui J, Zhou M, Yang J, Wang S. TRPA1 and TRPV1 contribute to iodine antiseptics-associated pain and allergy. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1422-1430. [PMID: 27566753 PMCID: PMC5048374 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine antiseptics exhibit superior antimicrobial efficacy and do not cause acquired microbial resistance. However, they are underused in comparison with antibiotics in infection treatments, partly because of their adverse effects such as pain and allergy. The cause of these noxious effects is not fully understood, and no specific molecular targets or mechanisms have been discovered. In this study, we show that iodine antiseptics cause pain and promote allergic contact dermatitis in mouse models, and iodine stimulates a subset of sensory neurons that express TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. In vivo pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of these channels indicates that TRPA1 plays a major role in iodine antiseptics-induced pain and the adjuvant effect of iodine antiseptics on allergic contact dermatitis and that TRPV1 is also involved. We further demonstrate that iodine activates TRPA1 through a redox mechanism but has no direct effects on TRPV1. Our study improves the understanding of the adverse effects of iodine antiseptics and suggests a means to minimize their side effects through local inhibition of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Bromberg PA. Mechanisms of the acute effects of inhaled ozone in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2771-81. [PMID: 27451958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air ozone (O3) is generated photochemically from oxides of nitrogen and volatile hydrocarbons. Inhaled O3 causes remarkably reversible acute lung function changes and inflammation. Approximately 80% of inhaled O3 is deposited on the airways. O3 reacts rapidly with CC double bonds in hydrophobic airway and alveolar surfactant-associated phospholipids and cholesterol. Resultant primary ozonides further react to generate bioactive hydrophilic products that also initiate lipid peroxidation leading to eicosanoids and isoprostanes of varying electrophilicity. Airway surface liquid ascorbate and urate also scavenge O3. Thus, inhaled O3 may not interact directly with epithelial cells. Acute O3-induced lung function changes are dominated by involuntary inhibition of inspiration (rather than bronchoconstriction), mediated by stimulation of intraepithelial nociceptive vagal C-fibers via activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 cation channels by electrophile (e.g., 4-oxo-nonenal) adduction of TRPA1 thiolates enhanced by PGE2-stimulated sensitization. Acute O3-induced neutrophilic airways inflammation develops more slowly than the lung function changes. Surface macrophages and epithelial cells are involved in the activation of epithelial NFkB and generation of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, IL-1b, ICAM-1, E-selectin and PGE2. O3-induced partial depolymerization of hyaluronic acid and the release of peroxiredoxin-1 activate macrophage TLR4 while oxidative epithelial cell release of EGFR ligands such as TGFa or EGFR transactivation by activated Src may also be involved. The ability of lipid ozonation to generate potent electrophiles also provides pathways for Nrf2 activation and inhibition of canonical NFkB activation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Kozai D, Sakaguchi R, Ohwada T, Mori Y. Deciphering Subtype-Selective Modulations in TRPA1 Biosensor Channels. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:266-78. [PMID: 26411770 PMCID: PMC4598439 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1302150525122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels that act as
cellular sensors. Several members of the TRP family are sensitive to oxidative stress mediators.
Among them, TRPA1 is remarkably susceptible to various oxidants, and is known to mediate
neuropathic pain and respiratory, vascular and gastrointestinal functions, making TRPA1 an
attractive therapeutic target. Recent studies have revealed a number of modulators (both activators and inhibitors) that act
on TRPA1. Endogenous mediators of oxidative stress and exogenous electrophiles activate TRPA1 through oxidative
modification of cysteine residues. Non-electrophilic compounds also activate TRPA1. Certain non-electrophilic
modulators may act on critical non-cysteine sites in TRPA1. However, a method to achieve selective modulation of
TRPA1 by small molecules has not yet been established. More recently, we found that a novel N-nitrosamine compound
activates TRPA1 by S-nitrosylation (the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to cysteine thiol), and does so with
significant selectivity over other NO-sensitive TRP channels. It is proposed that this subtype selectivity is conferred
through synergistic effects of electrophilic cysteine transnitrosylation and molecular recognition of the non-electrophilic
moiety on the N-nitrosamine. In this review, we describe the molecular pharmacology of these TRPA1 modulators and
discuss their modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyoku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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38
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Rajagopalan S, Brook RD. Ozone-induced Metabolic Effects in Humans. Ieiunium, Conviviorum, aut Timor? (Fasting, Feasting, or Fear?). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:1327-9. [PMID: 27304238 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201601-0142ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert D Brook
- 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Kodavanti UP. Stretching the stress boundary: Linking air pollution health effects to a neurohormonal stress response. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2880-90. [PMID: 27166979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled pollutants produce effects in virtually all organ systems in our body and have been linked to chronic diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and diabetes. A neurohormonal stress response (referred to here as a systemic response produced by activation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis) has been implicated in a variety of psychological and physical stresses, which involves immune and metabolic homeostatic mechanisms affecting all organs in the body. In this review, we provide new evidence for the involvement of this well-characterized neurohormonal stress response in mediating systemic and pulmonary effects of a prototypic air pollutant - ozone. A plethora of systemic metabolic and immune effects are induced in animals exposed to inhaled pollutants, which could result from increased circulating stress hormones. The release of adrenal-derived stress hormones in response to ozone exposure not only mediates systemic immune and metabolic responses, but by doing so, also modulates pulmonary injury and inflammation. With recurring pollutant exposures, these effects can contribute to multi-organ chronic conditions associated with air pollution. This review will cover, 1) the potential mechanisms by which air pollutants can initiate the relay of signals from respiratory tract to brain through trigeminal and vagus nerves, and activate stress responsive regions including hypothalamus; and 2) the contribution of sympathetic and HPA-axis activation in mediating systemic homeostatic metabolic and immune effects of ozone in various organs. The potential contribution of chronic environmental stress in cardiovascular, neurological, reproductive and metabolic diseases, and the knowledge gaps are also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Clay E, Patacchini R, Trevisani M, Preti D, Branà MP, Spina D, Page C. Ozone-Induced Hypertussive Responses in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:73-83. [PMID: 26837703 PMCID: PMC4977573 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cough remains a major unmet clinical need, and preclinical animal models are not predictive for new antitussive agents. We have investigated the mechanisms and pharmacological sensitivity of ozone-induced hypertussive responses in rabbits and guinea pigs. Ozone induced a significant increase in cough frequency and a decrease in time to first cough to inhaled citric acid in both conscious guinea pigs and rabbits. This response was inhibited by the established antitussive drugs codeine and levodropropizine. In contrast to the guinea pig, hypertussive responses in the rabbit were not inhibited by bronchodilator drugs (β2 agonists or muscarinic receptor antagonists), suggesting that the observed hypertussive state was not secondary to bronchoconstriction in this species. The ozone-induced hypertussive response in the rabbit was inhibited by chronic pretreatment with capsaicin, suggestive of a sensitization of airway sensory nerve fibers. However, we could find no evidence for a role of TRPA1 in this response, suggesting that ozone was not sensitizing airway sensory nerves via activation of this receptor. Whereas the ozone-induced hypertussive response was accompanied by a significant influx of neutrophils into the airway, the hypertussive response was not inhibited by the anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast at a dose that clearly exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, our results suggest that ozone-induced hypertussive responses to citric acid may provide a useful model for the investigation of novel drugs for the treatment of cough, but some important differences were noted between the two species with respect to sensitivity to bronchodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emlyn Clay
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Marcello Trevisani
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Delia Preti
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Branà
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Domenico Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
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41
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Taylor-Clark TE. Role of reactive oxygen species and TRP channels in the cough reflex. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:155-62. [PMID: 27016063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cough reflex is evoked by noxious stimuli in the airways. Although this reflex is essential for health, it can be triggered chronically in inflammatory and infectious airway disease. Neuronal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels such as ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are polymodal receptors expressed on airway nociceptive afferent nerves. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive compounds are associated with inflammation, from either NADPH oxidase or mitochondria. These reactive compounds cause activation and hyperexcitability of nociceptive afferents innervating the airways, and evidence suggests key contributions of TRPA1 and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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42
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Ogawa N, Kurokawa T, Mori Y. Sensing of redox status by TRP channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:115-22. [PMID: 26969190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox status is maintained by the balance between series of antioxidant systems and production of reactive oxygen/nitrogenous species. Cells utilize this redox balance to mediate diverse physiological functions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective cation channels that act as biosensors for environmental and noxious stimuli, such as capsaicin and allicin, as well as changes in temperature and conditions inside the cell. TRP channels also have an emerging role as essential players in detecting cellular redox status to regulate cellular signals mediating physiological phenomena. Reactive species activate TRP channels either directly through oxidative amino acid modifications or indirectly through second messengers. For instance, TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPC5 channels are directly activated by oxidizing agents through cysteine modification; whereas, TRPM2 channel is indirectly activated by production of ADP-ribose. One intriguing property of several TRP channels is susceptibility to both oxidizing and reducing stimuli, suggesting TRP channels could potentially act as a bidirectional sensor for detecting deviations in redox status. In this review, we discuss the unique chemical physiologies of redox sensitive TRP channels and their physiological significance in Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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43
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Rundell KW, Anderson SD, Sue-Chu M, Bougault V, Boulet LP. Air quality and temperature effects on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:579-610. [PMID: 25880506 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is exaggerated constriction of the airways usually soon after cessation of exercise. This is most often a response to airway dehydration in the presence of airway inflammation in a person with a responsive bronchial smooth muscle. Severity is related to water content of inspired air and level of ventilation achieved and sustained. Repetitive hyperpnea of dry air during training is associated with airway inflammatory changes and remodeling. A response during exercise that is related to pollution or allergen is considered EIB. Ozone and particulate matter are the most widespread pollutants of concern for the exercising population; chronic exposure can lead to new-onset asthma and EIB. Freshly generated emissions particulate matter less than 100 nm is most harmful. Evidence for acute and long-term effects from exercise while inhaling high levels of ozone and/or particulate matter exists. Much evidence supports a relationship between development of airway disorders and exercise in the chlorinated pool. Swimmers typically do not respond in the pool; however, a large percentage responds to a dry air exercise challenge. Studies support oxidative stress mediated pathology for pollutants and a more severe acute response occurs in the asthmatic. Winter sport athletes and swimmers have a higher prevalence of EIB, asthma and airway remodeling than other athletes and the general population. Because of fossil fuel powered ice resurfacers in ice rinks, ice rink athletes have shown high rates of EIB and asthma. For the athlete training in the urban environment, training during low traffic hours and in low traffic areas is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Rundell
- Department of The Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Sandra D Anderson
- Clinical Professor Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm Sue-Chu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Miller DB, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Richards JE, Ghio AJ, Ledbetter AD, Kodavanti UP. Acute Ozone-Induced Pulmonary and Systemic Metabolic Effects Are Diminished in Adrenalectomized Rats. Toxicol Sci 2016; 150:312-22. [PMID: 26732886 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ozone exposure increases circulating stress hormones and induces metabolic alterations in animals. We hypothesized that the increase of adrenal-derived stress hormones is necessary for both ozone-induced metabolic effects and lung injury. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats underwent bilateral adrenal demedullation (DEMED), total bilateral adrenalectomy (ADREX), or sham surgery (SHAM). After a 4 day recovery, rats were exposed to air or ozone (1 ppm), 4 h/day for 1 or 2 days and responses assessed immediately postexposure. Circulating adrenaline levels dropped to nearly zero in DEMED and ADREX rats relative to SHAM. Corticosterone tended to be low in DEMED rats and dropped to nearly zero in ADREX rats. Adrenalectomy in air-exposed rats caused modest changes in metabolites and lung toxicity parameters. Ozone-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance were markedly attenuated in DEMED rats with nearly complete reversal in ADREX rats. Ozone increased circulating epinephrine and corticosterone in SHAM but not in DEMED or ADREX rats. Free fatty acids (P = .15) and branched-chain amino acids increased after ozone exposure in SHAM but not in DEMED or ADREX rats. Lung minute volume was not affected by surgery or ozone but ozone-induced labored breathing was less pronounced in ADREX rats. Ozone-induced increases in lung protein leakage and neutrophilic inflammation were markedly reduced in DEMED and ADREX rats (ADREX > DEMED). Ozone-mediated decreases in circulating white blood cells in SHAM were not observed in DEMED and ADREX rats. We demonstrate that ozone-induced peripheral metabolic effects and lung injury/inflammation are mediated through adrenal-derived stress hormones likely via the activation of stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desinia B Miller
- *Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; and
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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45
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Hooper JS, Hadley SH, Morris KF, Breslin JW, Dean JB, Taylor-Clark TE. Characterization of cardiovascular reflexes evoked by airway stimulation with allylisothiocyanate, capsaicin, and ATP in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:580-91. [PMID: 26718787 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00944.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inhalation of airborne pollutants alters cardiovascular function and evidence suggests that pollutant-induced activation of airway sensory nerves via the gating of ion channels is critical to these systemic responses. Here, we have investigated the effect of capsaicin [transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist], AITC [TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist], and ATP (P2X2/3 agonist) on bronchopulmonary sensory activity and cardiovascular responses of conscious Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Single fiber recordings show that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and capsaicin selectively activate C fibers, whereas subpopulations of both A and C fibers are activated by stimulation of P2X2/3 receptors. Inhalation of the agonists by conscious rats caused significant bradycardia, atrioventricular (AV) block, and prolonged PR intervals, although ATP-induced responses were lesser than those evoked by AITC or capsaicin. Responses to AITC were inhibited by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red and the muscarinic antagonist atropine. AITC inhalation also caused a biphasic blood pressure response: a brief hypertensive phase followed by a hypotensive phase. Atropine accentuated the hypertensive phase, while preventing the hypotension. AITC-evoked bradycardia was not abolished by terazosin, the α1-adrenoceptor inhibitor, which prevented the hypertensive response. Anesthetics had profound effects on AITC-evoked bradycardia and AV block, which was abolished by urethane, ketamine, and isoflurane. Nevertheless, AITC inhalation caused bradycardia and AV block in paralyzed and ventilated rats following precollicular decerebration. In conclusion, we provide evidence that activation of ion channels expressed on nociceptive airway sensory nerves causes significant cardiovascular effects in conscious SD rats via reflex modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hooper
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - S H Hadley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - K F Morris
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - J W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - J B Dean
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - T E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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46
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Chung KF, Canning B, McGarvey L. Eight International London Cough Symposium 2014: Cough hypersensitivity syndrome as the basis for chronic cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:76-80. [PMID: 26341666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
At the Eighth International London Cough Conference held in London in July 2014, the focus was on the relatively novel concept of cough hypersensitivity syndrome (CHS) as forming the basis of chronic cough. This concept has been formulated following understanding of the neuronal pathways for cough and a realisation that not all chronic cough is usually associated with a cause. The CHS is defined by troublesome coughing triggered by low level of thermal, mechanical or chemical exposure. It also encompasses other symptoms or sensations such as laryngeal hypersensitivity, nasal hypersensitivity and possibly also symptoms related to gastrooesopahgeal reflux. The pathophysiologic basis of the CHS is now being increasingly linked to an enhancement of the afferent pathways of the cough reflex both at the peripheral and central levels. Mechanisms involved include the interactions of inflammatory mechanisms with cough sensors in the upper airways and with neuronal pathways of cough, associated with a central component. Tools for assessing CHS in the clinic need to be developed. New drugs may be developed to control CHS. A roadmap is suggested from the inception of the CHS concept towards the development of newer antitussives at the Symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK; Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK.
| | - Brendan Canning
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lorcan McGarvey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Taylor-Clark TE. Oxidative stress as activators of sensory nerves for cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:94-9. [PMID: 26095768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of the cough reflex is a major clinical problem in respiratory diseases. The cough reflex is triggered by activation of nociceptive sensory nerve terminals innervating the airways by noxious stimuli. Oxidative stress is a noxious stimuli associated with inhalation of pollutants and inflammatory airway disease. Here, we discuss recent findings that oxidative stress, in particular downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction, evokes increased electrical activity in airway nociceptive sensory nerves. Mechanisms include activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and protein kinase C. Such mechanisms may contribute to excessive cough reflexes in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Farraj AK, Walsh L, Haykal-Coates N, Malik F, McGee J, Winsett D, Duvall R, Kovalcik K, Cascio WE, Higuchi M, Hazari MS. Cardiac effects of seasonal ambient particulate matter and ozone co-exposure in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:12. [PMID: 25944145 PMCID: PMC4419498 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential for seasonal differences in the physicochemical characteristics of ambient particulate matter (PM) to modify interactive effects with gaseous pollutants has not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac responses in conscious hypertensive rats co-exposed to concentrated ambient particulates (CAPs) and ozone (O3) in Durham, NC during the summer and winter, and to analyze responses based on particle mass and chemistry. Methods Rats were exposed once for 4 hrs by whole-body inhalation to fine CAPs alone (target concentration: 150 μg/m3), O3 (0.2 ppm) alone, CAPs plus O3, or filtered air during summer 2011 and winter 2012. Telemetered electrocardiographic (ECG) data from implanted biosensors were analyzed for heart rate (HR), ECG parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), and spontaneous arrhythmia. The sensitivity to triggering of arrhythmia was measured in a separate cohort one day after exposure using intravenously administered aconitine. PM elemental composition and organic and elemental carbon fractions were analyzed by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and thermo-optical pyrolytic vaporization, respectively. Particulate sources were inferred from elemental analysis using a chemical mass balance model. Results Seasonal differences in CAPs composition were most evident in particle mass concentrations (summer, 171 μg/m3; winter, 85 μg/m3), size (summer, 324 nm; winter, 125 nm), organic:elemental carbon ratios (summer, 16.6; winter, 9.7), and sulfate levels (summer, 49.1 μg/m3; winter, 16.8 μg/m3). Enrichment of metals in winter PM resulted in equivalent summer and winter metal exposure concentrations. Source apportionment analysis showed enrichment for anthropogenic and marine salt sources during winter exposures compared to summer exposures, although only 4% of the total PM mass was attributed to marine salt sources. Single pollutant cardiovascular effects with CAPs and O3 were present during both summer and winter exposures, with evidence for unique effects of co-exposures and associated changes in autonomic tone. Conclusions These findings provide evidence for a pronounced effect of season on PM mass, size, composition, and contributing sources, and exposure-induced cardiovascular responses. Although there was inconsistency in biological responses, some cardiovascular responses were evident only in the co-exposure group during both seasons despite variability in PM physicochemical composition. These findings suggest that a single ambient PM metric alone is not sufficient to predict potential for interactive health effects with other air pollutants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0087-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Leon Walsh
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Najwa Haykal-Coates
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Fatiha Malik
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - John McGee
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Darrell Winsett
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Rachelle Duvall
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Kasey Kovalcik
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
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Miller DB, Karoly ED, Jones JC, Ward WO, Vallanat BD, Andrews DL, Schladweiler MC, Snow SJ, Bass VL, Richards JE, Ghio AJ, Cascio WE, Ledbetter AD, Kodavanti UP. Inhaled ozone (O3)-induces changes in serum metabolomic and liver transcriptomic profiles in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:65-79. [PMID: 25838073 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution has been linked to increased incidence of diabetes. Recently, we showed that ozone (O3) induces glucose intolerance, and increases serum leptin and epinephrine in Brown Norway rats. In this study, we hypothesized that O3 exposure will cause systemic changes in metabolic homeostasis and that serum metabolomic and liver transcriptomic profiling will provide mechanistic insights. In the first experiment, male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or O3 at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0ppm, 6h/day for two days to establish concentration-related effects on glucose tolerance and lung injury. In a second experiment, rats were exposed to FA or 1.0ppm O3, 6h/day for either one or two consecutive days, and systemic metabolic responses were determined immediately after or 18h post-exposure. O3 increased serum glucose and leptin on day 1. Glucose intolerance persisted through two days of exposure but reversed 18h-post second exposure. O3 increased circulating metabolites of glycolysis, long-chain free fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids and cholesterol, while 1,5-anhydroglucitol, bile acids and metabolites of TCA cycle were decreased, indicating impaired glycemic control, proteolysis and lipolysis. Liver gene expression increased for markers of glycolysis, TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis, and decreased for markers of steroid and fat biosynthesis. Genes involved in apoptosis and mitochondrial function were also impacted by O3. In conclusion, short-term O3 exposure induces global metabolic derangement involving glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, typical of a stress-response. It remains to be examined if these alterations contribute to insulin resistance upon chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desinia B Miller
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - William O Ward
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Beena D Vallanat
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Debora L Andrews
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Virginia L Bass
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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50
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Peripheral neural circuitry in cough. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:9-17. [PMID: 25704498 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cough is a reflex that serves to protect the airways. Excessive or chronic coughing is a major health issue that is poorly controlled by current therapeutics. Significant effort has been made to understand the mechanisms underlying the cough reflex. The focus of this review is the evidence supporting the role of specific airway sensory nerve (afferent) populations in the initiation and modulation of the cough reflex in health and disease.
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