1
|
Zeng Y, Guo Z, Wu M, Chen F, Chen L. Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:199. [PMID: 38678017 PMCID: PMC11055927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many metabolic pathways and factors, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. This paper aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of BMAL1, clock and other clock genes on immune cells, and reveal the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm's involvement in tumor and its microenvironment regulation. A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms has the potential to provide new strategies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichan Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Young CJ, Lyons D, Piggins HD. Circadian Influences on the Habenula and Their Potential Contribution to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:815700. [PMID: 35153695 PMCID: PMC8831701 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.815700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural circadian system consists of the master circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) communicating time of day cues to the rest of the body including other brain areas that also rhythmically express circadian clock genes. Over the past 16 years, evidence has emerged to indicate that the habenula of the epithalamus is a candidate extra-SCN circadian oscillator. When isolated from the SCN, the habenula sustains rhythms in clock gene expression and neuronal activity, with the lateral habenula expressing more robust rhythms than the adjacent medial habenula. The lateral habenula is responsive to putative SCN output factors as well as light information conveyed to the perihabenula area. Neuronal activity in the lateral habenula is altered in depression and intriguingly disruptions in circadian rhythms can elevate risk of developing mental health disorders including depression. In this review, we will principally focus on how circadian and light signals affect the lateral habenula and evaluate the possibility that alteration in these influences contribute to mental health disorders.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tinarelli F, Ivanova E, Colombi I, Barini E, Balzani E, Garcia CG, Gasparini L, Chiappalone M, Kelsey G, Tucci V. Cell-cell coupling and DNA methylation abnormal phenotypes in the after-hours mice. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33407878 PMCID: PMC7789812 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation has emerged as an important epigenetic regulator of brain processes, including circadian rhythms. However, how DNA methylation intervenes between environmental signals, such as light entrainment, and the transcriptional and translational molecular mechanisms of the cellular clock is currently unknown. Here, we studied the after-hours mice, which have a point mutation in the Fbxl3 gene and a lengthened circadian period. Methods In this study, we used a combination of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches. We measured retinal responses in Afh animals and we have run reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS), pyrosequencing and gene expression analysis in a variety of brain tissues ex vivo. In vitro, we used primary neuronal cultures combined to micro electrode array (MEA) technology and gene expression. Results We observed functional impairments in mutant neuronal networks, and a reduction in the retinal responses to light-dependent stimuli. We detected abnormalities in the expression of photoreceptive melanopsin (OPN4). Furthermore, we identified alterations in the DNA methylation pathways throughout the retinohypothalamic tract terminals and links between the transcription factor Rev-Erbα and Fbxl3. Conclusions The results of this study, primarily represent a contribution towards an understanding of electrophysiological and molecular phenotypic responses to external stimuli in the Afh model. Moreover, as DNA methylation has recently emerged as a new regulator of neuronal networks with important consequences for circadian behaviour, we discuss the impact of the Afh mutation on the epigenetic landscape of circadian biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tinarelli
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilaria Colombi
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Brain Development and Disease, NBT, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Erica Barini
- Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co, Knollstr, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Edoardo Balzani
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10006, USA
| | - Celina Garcia Garcia
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co, Knollstr, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michela Chiappalone
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valter Tucci
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Timothy JWS, Klas N, Sanghani HR, Al-Mansouri T, Hughes ATL, Kirshenbaum GS, Brienza V, Belle MDC, Ralph MR, Clapcote SJ, Piggins HD. Circadian Disruptions in the Myshkin Mouse Model of Mania Are Independent of Deficits in Suprachiasmatic Molecular Clock Function. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:827-837. [PMID: 28689605 PMCID: PMC6218650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in environmental light and intrinsic circadian function have strong associations with mood disorders. The neural origins underpinning these changes remain unclear, although genetic deficits in the molecular clock regularly render mice with altered mood-associated phenotypes. METHODS A detailed circadian and light-associated behavioral characterization of the Na+/K+-ATPase α3 Myshkin (Myk/+) mouse model of mania was performed. Na+/K+-ATPase α3 does not reside within the core circadian molecular clockwork, but Myk/+ mice exhibit concomitant disruption in circadian rhythms and mood. The neural basis of this phenotype was investigated through molecular and electrophysiological dissection of the master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Light input and glutamatergic signaling to the SCN were concomitantly assessed through behavioral assays and calcium imaging. RESULTS In vivo assays revealed several circadian abnormalities including lengthened period and instability of behavioral rhythms, and elevated metabolic rate. Grossly aberrant responses to light included accentuated resetting, accelerated re-entrainment, and an absence of locomotor suppression. Bioluminescent recording of circadian clock protein (PERIOD2) output from ex vivo SCN revealed no deficits in Myk/+ molecular clock function. Optic nerve crush rescued the circadian period of Myk/+ behavior, highlighting that afferent inputs are critical upstream mediators. Electrophysiological and calcium imaging SCN recordings demonstrated changes in the response to glutamatergic stimulation as well as the electrical output indicative of altered retinal input processing. CONCLUSIONS The Myshkin model demonstrates profound circadian and light-responsive behavioral alterations independent of molecular clock disruption. Afferent light signaling drives behavioral changes and raises new mechanistic implications for circadian disruption in affective disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W S Timothy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Natasza Klas
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | | | | | - Alun T L Hughes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Greer S Kirshenbaum
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincent Brienza
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mino D C Belle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Martin R Ralph
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of virtually all living organisms, regulating a wide diversity of physiological systems. It has long been established that the circadian clockwork plays a key role in innate immune responses, and recent studies reveal that several aspects of adaptive immunity are also under circadian control. We discuss the latest insights into the genetic and biochemical mechanisms linking immunity to the core circadian clock of the cell and hypothesize as to why the immune system is so tightly controlled by circadian oscillations. Finally, we consider implications for human health, including vaccination strategies and the emerging field of chrono-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Biomedical Centre, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julie Gibbs
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Ince
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Biomedical Centre, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew Loudon
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pariollaud M, Gibbs JE, Hopwood TW, Brown S, Begley N, Vonslow R, Poolman T, Guo B, Saer B, Jones DH, Tellam JP, Bresciani S, Tomkinson NC, Wojno-Picon J, Cooper AW, Daniels DA, Trump RP, Grant D, Zuercher W, Willson TM, MacDonald AS, Bolognese B, Podolin PL, Sanchez Y, Loudon AS, Ray DW. Circadian clock component REV-ERBα controls homeostatic regulation of pulmonary inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018. [PMID: 29533925 PMCID: PMC5983347 DOI: 10.1172/jci93910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal that airway epithelial cells are critical pulmonary circadian pacemaker cells, mediating rhythmic inflammatory responses. Using mouse models, we now identify the rhythmic circadian repressor REV-ERBα as essential to the mechanism coupling the pulmonary clock to innate immunity, involving both myeloid and bronchial epithelial cells in temporal gating and determining amplitude of response to inhaled endotoxin. Dual mutation of REV-ERBα and its paralog REV-ERBβ in bronchial epithelia further augmented inflammatory responses and chemokine activation, but also initiated a basal inflammatory state, revealing a critical homeostatic role for REV-ERB proteins in the suppression of the endogenous proinflammatory mechanism in unchallenged cells. However, REV-ERBα plays the dominant role, as deletion of REV-ERBβ alone had no impact on inflammatory responses. In turn, inflammatory challenges cause striking changes in stability and degradation of REV-ERBα protein, driven by SUMOylation and ubiquitination. We developed a novel selective oxazole-based inverse agonist of REV-ERB, which protects REV-ERBα protein from degradation, and used this to reveal how proinflammatory cytokines trigger rapid degradation of REV-ERBα in the elaboration of an inflammatory response. Thus, dynamic changes in stability of REV-ERBα protein couple the core clock to innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pariollaud
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W Hopwood
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Brown
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Vonslow
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Toryn Poolman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Saer
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Heulyn Jones
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James P Tellam
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Bresciani
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Co Tomkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Wojno-Picon
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Wj Cooper
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan P Trump
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Grant
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Novartis AG, East Hannover, New Jersey, USA
| | - William Zuercher
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Bolognese
- Stress and Repair Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia L Podolin
- Stress and Repair Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Stress and Repair Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Si Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Belle MDC, Diekman CO. Neuronal oscillations on an ultra-slow timescale: daily rhythms in electrical activity and gene expression in the mammalian master circadian clockwork. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2696-2717. [PMID: 29396876 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal oscillations of the brain, such as those observed in the cortices and hippocampi of behaving animals and humans, span across wide frequency bands, from slow delta waves (0.1 Hz) to ultra-fast ripples (600 Hz). Here, we focus on ultra-slow neuronal oscillators in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the master daily clock that operates on interlocking transcription-translation feedback loops to produce circadian rhythms in clock gene expression with a period of near 24 h (< 0.001 Hz). This intracellular molecular clock interacts with the cell's membrane through poorly understood mechanisms to drive the daily pattern in the electrical excitability of SCN neurons, exhibiting an up-state during the day and a down-state at night. In turn, the membrane activity feeds back to regulate the oscillatory activity of clock gene programs. In this review, we emphasise the circadian processes that drive daily electrical oscillations in SCN neurons, and highlight how mathematical modelling contributes to our increasing understanding of circadian rhythm generation, synchronisation and communication within this hypothalamic region and across other brain circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mino D C Belle
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Casey O Diekman
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.,Institute for Brain and Neuroscience Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
CLOCKΔ19 mutation modifies the manner of synchrony among oscillation neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:854. [PMID: 29339832 PMCID: PMC5770461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the principal circadian oscillator exists in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In the SCN, CLOCK works as an essential component of molecular circadian oscillation, and ClockΔ19 mutant mice show unique characteristics of circadian rhythms such as extended free running periods, amplitude attenuation, and high-magnitude phase-resetting responses. Here we investigated what modifications occur in the spatiotemporal organization of clock gene expression in the SCN of ClockΔ19 mutants. The cultured SCN, sampled from neonatal homozygous ClockΔ19 mice on an ICR strain comprising PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE, demonstrated that the Clock gene mutation not only extends the circadian period, but also affects the spatial phase and period distribution of circadian oscillations in the SCN. In addition, disruption of the synchronization among neurons markedly attenuated the amplitude of the circadian rhythm of individual oscillating neurons in the mutant SCN. Further, with numerical simulations based on the present studies, the findings suggested that, in the SCN of the ClockΔ19 mutant mice, stable oscillation was preserved by the interaction among oscillating neurons, and that the orderly phase and period distribution that makes a phase wave are dependent on the functionality of CLOCK.
Collapse
|
9
|
Maggi S, Balzani E, Lassi G, Garcia-Garcia C, Plano A, Espinoza S, Mus L, Tinarelli F, Nolan PM, Gainetdinov RR, Balci F, Nieus T, Tucci V. The after-hours circadian mutant has reduced phenotypic plasticity in behaviors at multiple timescales and in sleep homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17765. [PMID: 29259298 PMCID: PMC5736711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock is known to adapt to environmental changes and can significantly influence cognitive and physiological functions. In this work, we report specific behavioral, cognitive, and sleep homeostatic defects in the after hours (Afh) circadian mouse mutant, which is characterized by lengthened circadian period. We found that the circadian timing irregularities in Afh mice resulted in higher interval timing uncertainty and suboptimal decisions due to incapability of processing probabilities. Our phenotypic observations further suggested that Afh mutants failed to exhibit the necessary phenotypic plasticity for adapting to temporal changes at multiple time scales (seconds-to-minutes to circadian). These behavioral effects of Afh mutation were complemented by the specific disruption of the Per/Cry circadian regulatory complex in brain regions that govern food anticipatory behaviors, sleep, and timing. We derive statistical predictions, which indicate that circadian clock and sleep are complementary processes in controlling behavioral/cognitive performance during 24 hrs. The results of this study have pivotal implications for understanding how the circadian clock modulates sleep and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maggi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Edoardo Balzani
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Glenda Lassi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Celina Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Plano
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Espinoza
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Liudmila Mus
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Tinarelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrick M Nolan
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science & Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fuat Balci
- Koç University, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thierry Nieus
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Valter Tucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies - Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1504507. [PMID: 29230328 PMCID: PMC5694588 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disrupt brain regions more closely related to mood regulation and cause mood disturbances. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that provide evidence both for and against a causal role for the SCN in mood disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Delayed Cryptochrome Degradation Asymmetrically Alters the Daily Rhythm in Suprachiasmatic Clock Neuron Excitability. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7824-7836. [PMID: 28698388 PMCID: PMC5559760 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0691-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) neurons contain an intracellular molecular circadian clock and the Cryptochromes (CRY1/2), key transcriptional repressors of this molecular apparatus, are subject to post-translational modification through ubiquitination and targeting for proteosomal degradation by the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. Loss-of-function point mutations in a component of this ligase complex, Fbxl3, delay CRY1/2 degradation, reduce circadian rhythm strength, and lengthen the circadian period by ∼2.5 h. The molecular clock drives circadian changes in the membrane properties of SCN neurons, but it is unclear how alterations in CRY1/2 stability affect SCN neurophysiology. Here we use male and female Afterhours mice which carry the circadian period lengthening loss-of-function Fbxl3Afh mutation and perform patch-clamp recordings from SCN brain slices across the projected day/night cycle. We find that the daily rhythm in membrane excitability in the ventral SCN (vSCN) was enhanced in amplitude and delayed in timing in Fbxl3Afh/Afh mice. At night, vSCN cells from Fbxl3Afh/Afh mice were more hyperpolarized, receiving more GABAergic input than their Fbxl3+/+ counterparts. Unexpectedly, the progression to daytime hyperexcited states was slowed by Afh mutation, whereas the decline to hypoexcited states was accelerated. In long-term bioluminescence recordings, GABAA receptor blockade desynchronized the Fbxl3+/+ but not the Fbxl3Afh/Afh vSCN neuronal network. Further, a neurochemical mimic of the light input pathway evoked larger shifts in molecular clock rhythms in Fbxl3Afh/Afh compared with Fbxl3+/+ SCN slices. These results reveal unanticipated consequences of delaying CRY degradation, indicating that the Afh mutation prolongs nighttime hyperpolarized states of vSCN cells through increased GABAergic synaptic transmission. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The intracellular molecular clock drives changes in SCN neuronal excitability, but it is unclear how mutations affecting post-translational modification of molecular clock proteins influence the temporal expression of SCN neuronal state or intercellular communication within the SCN network. Here we show for the first time, that a mutation that prolongs the stability of key components of the intracellular clock, the cryptochrome proteins, unexpectedly increases in the expression of hypoexcited neuronal state in the ventral SCN at night and enhances hyperpolarization of ventral SCN neurons at this time. This is accompanied by increased GABAergic signaling and by enhanced responsiveness to a neurochemical mimic of the light input pathway to the SCN. Therefore, post-translational modification shapes SCN neuronal state and network properties.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Over the past 20years, substantive research has firmly implicated the lateral habenula in myriad neural processes including addiction, depression, and sleep. More recently, evidence has emerged suggesting that the lateral habenula is a component of the brain's intrinsic daily or circadian timekeeping system. This system centers on the master circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus that is synchronized to the external world through environmental light information received directly from the eye. Rhythmic clock gene expression in suprachiasmatic neurons drives variation in their electrical activity enabling communication of temporal information, and the organization of circadian rhythms in downstream targets. Here, we review the evidence implicating the lateral habenula as part of an extended neural circadian system. We consider findings suggesting that the lateral habenula is a recipient of circadian signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei as well as light information from the eye. Further we examine the proposition that the lateral habenula itself expresses intrinsic clock gene and neuronal rhythms. We then speculate on how circadian information communicated from the lateral habenula could influence activity and function in downstream targets such as the ventral tegmental area and raphe nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hirano A, Shi G, Jones CR, Lipzen A, Pennacchio LA, Xu Y, Hallows WC, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. A Cryptochrome 2 mutation yields advanced sleep phase in humans. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27529127 PMCID: PMC5398888 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Advanced Sleep Phase (FASP) is a heritable human sleep phenotype characterized by very early sleep and wake times. We identified a missense mutation in the human Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) gene that co-segregates with FASP in one family. The mutation leads to replacement of an alanine residue at position 260 with a threonine (A260T). In mice, the CRY2 mutation causes a shortened circadian period and reduced phase-shift to early-night light pulse associated with phase-advanced behavioral rhythms in the light-dark cycle. The A260T mutation is located in the phosphate loop of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain of CRY2. The mutation alters the conformation of CRY2, increasing its accessibility and affinity for FBXL3 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), thus promoting its degradation. These results demonstrate that CRY2 stability controlled by FBXL3 plays a key role in the regulation of human sleep wake behavior. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16695.001 Sleep is an essential process in animals. In humans, the disturbance of normal sleep-wake cycles through shift-work or long-term sleep disorders increases the risk of developing conditions including mental illness, cancer and metabolic syndromes. Understanding how sleep-wake behavior is controlled within cells may help researchers to develop effective therapies to reduce the ill effects of disturbed sleep-wakLouise cycles on health. To understand how our sleep-wake cycles are regulated in cells, researchers have been looking for genetic mutations that affect human sleep schedules. For example, some people have a ‘morning lark’ schedule that makes them prone to go to sleep early and rise early the next day. Others are prone to be ‘night owls’, staying up later at night and waking up later in the morning. By studying the mutations that underlie these behaviors, researchers hope to understand precisely how these genes regulate sleep schedules. Now, Hirano et al. have identified a particular mutation in a gene called Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) that causes people to have shorter sleep-wake cycles so that they wake up very early in the morning and struggle to stay awake in the evening. For the experiments, mice were genetically engineered to carry the mutant human CRY2 gene, which shortened the sleep-wake cycles of the mice and their responses to light so that they both woke up earlier and went to sleep earlier. Further experiments examined what effect the mutation has on the protein that is produced by CRY2. The mutation changes the shape of the protein, which allows an enzyme called FBXL3 to bind to the mutant protein more easily and rapidly break it down. The length of sleep cycles may be determined by how long it takes FBXL3 to break down the protein produced by CRY2. The findings of Hirano et al. may help researchers to develop treatments for people with sleep problems. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16695.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Hirano
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Guangsen Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Anna Lipzen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, United States
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, United States
| | - Ying Xu
- Center for System Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - William C Hallows
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pauls SD, Honma KI, Honma S, Silver R. Deconstructing Circadian Rhythmicity with Models and Manipulations. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:405-419. [PMID: 27090429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A master brain clock, localized to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), coordinates daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. Within the SCN, interconnected individual neurons are oscillators that, as an ensemble, function to send a coherent timing signal to the brain and body. However, individually, these neurons display different amplitudes, periods, and phases of oscillation. The dynamic properties of the SCN have been characterized over several spatial levels of analysis, from proteins to cells to tissues, and over several temporal ranges, from milliseconds to weeks. Modeling tools guide empirical research in this complex and multiscale spatiotemporal environment. Given that the SCN is a prototypical example of oscillating neural systems, principles of its organization hold promise as general prototypes of rhythms in other frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Pauls
- Mathematics Department, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rae Silver
- Neuroscience Program, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cryptochrome-dependent circadian periods in the arcuate nucleus. Neurosci Lett 2015; 610:123-8. [PMID: 26542738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is responsible for controlling behavioral activity rhythms, such as a free running rhythm in constant darkness. Rodents have several circadian oscillators in other brain regions including the arcuate nucleus (ARC). In specific conditions such as food anticipatory activity rhythms in the context of timed restricted feeding, an alternative circadian pace-making system has been assumed by means of circadian oscillators like the SCN. Despite extensive lesion studies, the anatomic locations of extra-SCN circadian pacemakers responsible for regulating behavioral rhythms have not been found. In the present study, we investigated circadian rhythms in the SCN and extra-SCN region of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) by analyzing PER2::LUCIFERASE expression in specific regions from wild-type C57BL/6, Cry1(-/-), and Cry2(-/-) mice. Compared to wild-type animals, we observed period shortening in both the SCN and ARC of Cry1(-/-) mice and period lengthening in Cry2(-/-) mice. Interestingly, the periods in the ARC of both genotypes were identical to those in the SCN. Moreover, the amplitudes of PER2::LUC rhythms in the ARC of all animals were decreased compared to those in the SCN. These data suggest that the ARC is a candidate circadian pacemaker outside the SCN.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramkisoensing A, Meijer JH. Synchronization of Biological Clock Neurons by Light and Peripheral Feedback Systems Promotes Circadian Rhythms and Health. Front Neurol 2015; 6:128. [PMID: 26097465 PMCID: PMC4456861 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as a circadian clock that drives 24-h rhythms in both physiology and behavior. The SCN is a multicellular oscillator in which individual neurons function as cell-autonomous oscillators. The production of a coherent output rhythm is dependent upon mutual synchronization among single cells and requires both synaptic communication and gap junctions. Changes in phase-synchronization between individual cells have consequences on the amplitude of the SCN’s electrical activity rhythm, and these changes play a major role in the ability to adapt to seasonal changes. Both aging and sleep deprivation negatively affect the circadian amplitude of the SCN, whereas behavioral activity (i.e., exercise) has a positive effect on amplitude. Given that the amplitude of the SCN’s electrical activity rhythm is essential for achieving robust rhythmicity in physiology and behavior, the mechanisms that underlie neuronal synchronization warrant further study. A growing body of evidence suggests that the functional integrity of the SCN contributes to health, well-being, cognitive performance, and alertness; in contrast, deterioration of the 24-h rhythm is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, cancer, depression, and sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Ramkisoensing
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu C, Ramkisoensing A, Liu Z, Meijer JH, Rohling JHT. The proportion of light-responsive neurons determines the limit cycle properties of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Biol Rhythms 2014; 29:16-27. [PMID: 24492879 DOI: 10.1177/0748730413516752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms and is entrained to the external light-dark cycle. The ability of the SCN to entrain can be measured by exposing the animal to a light-dark cycle with a duration that deviates from 24 h (T-cycles); a wider entrainment range reflects a higher ability to entrain. The neurons of the SCN are either light responsive or light unresponsive and are mutually synchronized. The coupling and synchronization between individual SCN neurons and between groups of neurons within the SCN influence the SCN's ability to entrain. Some studies suggest that enhanced coupling decreases the entrainment range, whereas others suggest that enhanced coupling increases the entrainment range. The latter results are surprising, as they are not consistent with the prevalent assumption that the SCN is a limit cycle oscillator that has larger phase shifts when the amplitude is smaller. Here, we used the Poincaré and Goodwin models to test entrainment properties using various proportions of neurons that are responsive to an external stimulus. If all neurons receive external input, the SCN shows limit cycle behavior in all conditions. If all neurons do not receive light input, we found that the entrainment range of the SCN was positively related to coupling strength when coupling was weak. When coupling strength was stronger and above a critical value, the entrainment range was negatively correlated with coupling strength. The results obtained from our simulations were confirmed by analytical studies. Thus, the limit cycle behavior of the SCN appears to be critically dependent on the coupling strength among the neurons and the proportion of neurons that respond to the entraining stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changgui Gu
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramkisoensing A, Gu C, van Engeldorp Gastelaars HMD, Michel S, Deboer T, Rohling JHT, Meijer JH. Enhanced phase resetting in the synchronized suprachiasmatic nucleus network. J Biol Rhythms 2014; 29:4-15. [PMID: 24492878 DOI: 10.1177/0748730413516750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) adapts to both the external light-dark (LD) cycle and seasonal changes in day length. In short photoperiods, single-cell activity patterns are tightly synchronized (i.e., in phase); in long photoperiods, these patterns are relatively dispersed, causing lower amplitude rhythms. The limit cycle oscillator has been used to describe the SCN's circadian rhythmicity and predicts that following a given perturbation, high-amplitude SCN rhythms will shift less than low-amplitude rhythms. Some studies reported, however, that phase delays are larger when animals are entrained to a short photoperiod. Because phase advances and delays are mediated by partially distinct (i.e., nonoverlapping) biochemical pathways, we investigated the effect of a 4-h phase advance of the LD cycle in mice housed in either short (LD 8:16) or long (LD 16:8) photoperiods. In vitro recordings revealed a significantly larger phase advance in the SCN of mice entrained to short as compared to long photoperiods (4.2 ± 0.3 h v. 1.4 ± 0.9 h, respectively). Surprisingly, in mice with long photoperiods, the behavioral phase shift was larger than the phase shift of the SCN (3.7 ± 0.4 h v. 1.4 ± 0.9 h, respectively). To exclude a confounding influence of running-wheel activity on the magnitude of the shifts of the SCN, we repeated the experiments in the absence of running wheels and found similar shifts in the SCN in vitro in short and long days (3.0 ± 0.5 h v. 0.4 ± 0.9 h, respectively). Interestingly, removal of the running wheel reduced the phase-shifting capacity of mice in long days, leading to similar behavioral shifts in short and long photoperiods (1.0 ± 0.1 h v. 1.0 ± 0.4 h). As the behavioral shifts in the presence of wheels were larger than the shift of the SCN, it is suggested that additional, non-SCN neuronal networks in the brain are involved in regulating the timing of behavioral activity. On the basis of the phase shifts observed in vitro, we conclude that highly synchronized SCN networks with high-amplitude rhythms show a larger phase-shifting capacity than desynchronized networks of low amplitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Ramkisoensing
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gibbs J, Ince L, Matthews L, Mei J, Bell T, Yang N, Saer B, Begley N, Poolman T, Pariollaud M, Farrow S, DeMayo F, Hussell T, Worthen GS, Ray D, Loudon A. An epithelial circadian clock controls pulmonary inflammation and glucocorticoid action. Nat Med 2014; 20:919-26. [PMID: 25064128 PMCID: PMC4268501 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is an important regulator of immune function. Human inflammatory lung diseases frequently show time-of-day variation in symptom severity and lung function, but the mechanisms and cell types underlying these effects remain unclear. We show that pulmonary antibacterial responses are modulated by a circadian clock within epithelial club (Clara) cells. These drive circadian neutrophil recruitment to the lung via the chemokine CXCL5. Genetic ablation of the clock gene Bmal1 (also called Arntl or MOP3) in bronchiolar cells disrupts rhythmic Cxcl5 expression, resulting in exaggerated inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide and an impaired host response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Adrenalectomy blocks rhythmic inflammatory responses and the circadian regulation of CXCL5, suggesting a key role for the adrenal axis in driving CXCL5 expression and pulmonary neutrophil recruitment. Glucocorticoid receptor occupancy at the Cxcl5 locus shows circadian oscillations, but this is disrupted in mice with bronchiole-specific ablation of Bmal1, leading to enhanced CXCL5 expression despite normal corticosteroid secretion. The therapeutic effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone depend on intact clock function in the airway. We now define a regulatory mechanism that links the circadian clock and glucocorticoid hormones to control both time-of-day variation and the magnitude of pulmonary inflammation and responses to bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gibbs
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Ince
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Matthews
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Junjie Mei
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Bell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ben Saer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Toryn Poolman
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie Pariollaud
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Farrow
- 1] Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK. [2] Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Francesco DeMayo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Ray
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakhi K, Belle MDC, Gossan N, Delagrange P, Piggins HD. Daily variation in the electrophysiological activity of mouse medial habenula neurones. J Physiol 2013; 592:587-603. [PMID: 24247982 PMCID: PMC3934703 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.263319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntrinsic daily or circadian rhythms arise through the outputs of the master circadian clock in the brain's suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as well as circadian oscillators in other brain sites and peripheral tissues. SCN neurones contain an intracellular molecular clock that drives these neurones to exhibit pronounced day–night differences in their electrical properties. The epithalamic medial habenula (MHb) expresses clock genes, but little is known about the bioelectric properties of mouse MHb neurones and their potential circadian characteristics. Therefore, in this study we used a brain slice preparation containing the MHb to determine the basic electrical properties of mouse MHb neurones with whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, and investigated whether these vary across the day–night cycle. MHb neurones (n = 230) showed heterogeneity in electrophysiological state, ranging from highly depolarised cells (∼ −25 to −30 mV) that are silent with no membrane activity or display depolarised low-amplitude membrane oscillations, to neurones that were moderately hyperpolarised (∼40 mV) and spontaneously discharging action potentials. These electrical states were largely intrinsically regulated and were influenced by the activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. When considered as one population, MHb neurones showed significant circadian variation in their spontaneous firing rate and resting membrane potential. However, in recordings of MHb neurones from mice lacking the core molecular circadian clock, these temporal differences in MHb activity were absent, indicating that circadian clock signals actively regulate the timing of MHb neuronal states. These observations add to the extracellularly recorded rhythms seen in other brain areas and establish that circadian mechanisms can influence the membrane properties of neurones in extra-SCN sites. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that the MHb may function as an intrinsic secondary circadian oscillator in the brain, which can shape daily information flow in key brain processes, such as reward and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Sakhi
- AV Hill 2.016, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|