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Chen Y, Zhang M, Yang C, Gao M, Yan Y, Deng C, Sun N. Designed Directional Growth of Ti-Metal-Organic Frameworks for Decoding Alzheimer's Disease-Specific Exosome Metabolites. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2727-2736. [PMID: 38300748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, a growing focus for liquid biopsies, contain diverse molecular cargos. In particular, exosome metabolites with valuable information have exhibited great potential for improving the efficiency of liquid biopsies for addressing complex medical conditions. In this work, we design the directional growth of Ti-metal-organic frameworks on polar-functionalized magnetic particles. This design facilitates the rapid synergistic capture of exosomes with the assistance of an external magnetic field and additionally synergistically enhances the ionization of their metabolites during mass spectrometry detection. Benefiting from this dual synergistic effect, we identified three high-performance exosome metabolites through the differential comparison of a large number of serum samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal cognition. Notably, the accuracy of AD identification ranges from 93.18 to 100% using a single exosome metabolite and reaches a flawless 100% with three metabolites. These findings emphasize the transformative potential of this work to enhance the precision and reliability of AD diagnosis, ushering in a new era of improved diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Neumann J, Hofmann B, Dhein S, Gergs U. Role of Dopamine in the Heart in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055042. [PMID: 36902474 PMCID: PMC10003060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine has effects on the mammalian heart. These effects can include an increase in the force of contraction, and an elevation of the beating rate and the constriction of coronary arteries. Depending on the species studied, positive inotropic effects were strong, very modest, or absent, or even negative inotropic effects occurred. We can discern five dopamine receptors. In addition, the signal transduction by dopamine receptors and the regulation of the expression of cardiac dopamine receptors will be of interest to us, because this might be a tempting area of drug development. Dopamine acts in a species-dependent fashion on these cardiac dopamine receptors, but also on cardiac adrenergic receptors. We will discuss the utility of drugs that are currently available as tools to understand cardiac dopamine receptors. The molecule dopamine itself is present in the mammalian heart. Therefore, cardiac dopamine might act as an autocrine or paracrine compound in the mammalian heart. Dopamine itself might cause cardiac diseases. Moreover, the cardiac function of dopamine and the expression of dopamine receptors in the heart can be altered in diseases such as sepsis. Various drugs for cardiac and non-cardiac diseases are currently in the clinic that are, at least in part, agonists or antagonists at dopamine receptors. We define the research needs in order to understand dopamine receptors in the heart better. All in all, an update on the role of dopamine receptors in the human heart appears to be clinically relevant, and is thus presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-1686; Fax: +49-345-557-1835
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Herzchirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Medizinische Fakultät, Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
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3
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Exogenous glutathione exerts a therapeutic effect in ischemic stroke rats by interacting with intrastriatal dopamine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:541-551. [PMID: 34035485 PMCID: PMC8888709 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that oral administration of exogenous glutathione (GSH) exerted a direct and/or indirect therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, we conducted a quantitative proteomic analysis to explore the pathways mediating the therapeutic effect of GSH in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model rats. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion. The rats were treated with GSH (250 mg/kg, ig) or levodopa (L-dopa, 100 mg/kg, ig) plus carbidopa (10 mg/kg, ig). Neurologic deficits were assessed, and the rats were sacrificed at 24 h after cerebral I/R surgery to measure brain infarct sizes. We conducted a proteomic analysis of the lesion side striatum samples and found that tyrosine metabolism and dopaminergic synapse were involved in the occurrence of cerebral stroke and the therapeutic effect of GSH. Western blot assay revealed that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mediated the occurrence of I/R-induced ischemic stroke and the therapeutic effect of GSH. We analyzed the regulation of GSH on endogenous small molecule metabolites and showed that exogenous GSH had the most significant effect on intrastriatal dopamine (DA) in I/R model rats by promoting its synthesis and inhibiting its degradation. To further explore whether DA-related alterations were potential targets of GSH, we investigated the therapeutic effect of DA accumulation on ischemic brain injury. The combined administration of the precursor drugs of DA (L-dopa and carbidopa) significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced infarct size, and oxidative stress, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in the striatum of I/R injury rats. More interestingly, exogenous L-dopa/carbidopa could also greatly enhance the exposure of intracerebral GSH by upregulating GSH synthetases and enhancing homocysteine (HCY) levels in the striatum. Thus, administration of exogenous GSH exerts a therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke by increasing intrastriatal DA, and the accumulated DA can, in turn, enhance the exposure of GSH and its related substances, thus promoting the therapeutic effect of GSH.
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Bani-Ahmad MA, Obeidat MM, Ahmad MH, Barqawi M. The modulation of Plasma Levels of Dopamine, Serotonin, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in response to variation in iron availability. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022293. [PMID: 36533769 PMCID: PMC9828900 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i6.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In the context of iron deficiency anemia, central dopamine, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are intensively investigated. However, peripheral isoforms are poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the modulation of plasma levels of dopamine, serotonin, and BDNF among children with iron deficiency anemia. METHODS A total of seventy-three iron-deficient (n=38) and iron-sufficient (n=35) children were included in the study. Twenty-nine subjects were showing clinical presentations and were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and forty-four were asymptomatic normal children. Plasma levels of dopamine, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS As compared to corresponding levels among control subjects, Anemic subjects were having significantly higher plasma dopamine and lower plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. A significant linear and monotonic association of plasma dopamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor with hemoglobin concentration (r=-0.520, P < 0.001 and ρ = 0.411, P = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, there were significantly higher plasma serotonin levels among iron-deficient subjects with a significant inverse linear association with serum ferritin levels (r = -0.337, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Iron deficiency anemia is associated with the modulation of peripheral dopamine, serotonin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Upregulation of dopamine and downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor are correlated to the anemic status. The upregulation of plasma serotonin levels is iron-dependent and, probably, is attributed to the impairment of its metabolic fate. Further investigation is required to explore the pathophysiological and clinical association of these peripheral biomolecules in the context of iron deficiency anemia. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Bani-Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110. Jordan
| | - Marya M. Obeidat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110. Jordan
| | - Marah H. Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110. Jordan
| | - Mousa Barqawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Rahma Children’s Hospital, Ministry of Health, Irbid, Jordan
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5
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Cañes L, Alonso J, Ballester-Servera C, Varona S, Escudero JR, Andrés V, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. Targeting Tyrosine Hydroxylase for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Impact on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Remodeling. Hypertension 2021; 78:681-692. [PMID: 34304581 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., J.M.-G.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.C., J.A., S.V., J.R.E., V.A., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., C.R., J.M.-G.)
| | - Judith Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., J.M.-G.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.C., J.A., S.V., J.R.E., V.A., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., C.R., J.M.-G.)
| | - Carme Ballester-Servera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., J.M.-G.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.C., J.A., S.V., J.R.E., V.A., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., C.R., J.M.-G.)
| | - Saray Varona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., J.M.-G.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.C., J.A., S.V., J.R.E., V.A., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., C.R., J.M.-G.)
| | - José R Escudero
- Servicios Mancomunados de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular, Hospitales de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau/Dos de Mayo, Barcelona, Spain (J.R.E.)
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.A.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.C., J.A., S.V., J.R.E., V.A., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRHSCSP), Barcelona, Spain (C.R.)
| | - José Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., J.M.-G.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.C., J.A., S.V., J.R.E., V.A., C.R., J.M.-G.).,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.C., J.A., C.B.-S., S.V., C.R., J.M.-G.)
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Zingales V, Torrisi SA, Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Drago F, Salomone S. Pharmacological and Genetic Evidence of Dopamine Receptor 3-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Isolated Mouse Aorta. Biomolecules 2021; 11:418. [PMID: 33799860 PMCID: PMC8001456 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors (DRs) are generally considered as mediators of vasomotor functions. However, when used in pharmacological studies, dopamine and/or DR agonists may not discriminate among different DR subtypes and may even stimulate alpha1 and beta-adrenoceptors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that D2R and/or D3R may specifically induce vasoconstriction in isolated mouse aorta. Aorta, isolated from wild-type (WT) and D3R-/- mice, was mounted in a wire myograph and challenged with cumulative concentrations of phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), and the D3R agonist 7-hydrxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT), with or without the D2R antagonist L741,626 and the D3R antagonist SB-277011-A. The vasoconstriction to PE and the vasodilatation to ACh were not different in WT and D3R-/-; in contrast, the contractile responses to 7-OH-DPAT were significantly weaker in D3R-/-, though not abolished. L741,626 did not change the contractile response induced by 7-OH-DPAT in WT or in D3R-/-, whereas SB-277011-A significantly reduced it in WT but did not in D3R-/-. D3R mRNA (assessed by qPCR) was about 5-fold more abundant than D2R mRNA in aorta from WT and undetectable in aorta from D3R-/-. Following transduction with lentivirus (72-h incubation) delivering synthetic microRNAs to specifically inactivate D2R (LV-miR-D2) or D3R (LV-miR-D3), the contractile response to 7-OH-DPAT was unaffected by LV-miR-D2, while it was significantly reduced by LV-miR-D3. These data indicate that, at least in mouse aorta, D3R stimulation induces vasoconstriction, while D2R stimulation does not. This is consistent with the higher expression level of D3R. The residual vasoconstriction elicited by high concentration D3R agonist in D3R-/- and/or in the presence of D3R antagonist is likely to be unrelated to DRs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.Z.); (S.A.T.); (G.M.L.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
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Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Lazzarini G, De Cicco V, Briganti A, Argento S, De Cicco D, Barresi M, Cataldo E, Bruschini L, d'Ascanio P, Pirone A, Lenzi C, Vannozzi I, Miragliotta V, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. The path from trigeminal asymmetry to cognitive impairment: a behavioral and molecular study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4744. [PMID: 33637775 PMCID: PMC7910455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal input exerts acute and chronic effects on the brain, modulating cognitive functions. Here, new data from humans and animals suggest that these effects are caused by trigeminal influences on the Locus Coeruleus (LC). In humans subjects clenching with masseter asymmetric activity, occlusal correction improved cognition, alongside with reductions in pupil size and anisocoria, proxies of LC activity and asymmetry, respectively. Notably, reductions in pupil size at rest on the hypertonic side predicted cognitive improvements. In adult rats, a distal unilateral section of the trigeminal mandibular branch reduced, on the contralateral side, the expression of c-Fos (brainstem) and BDNF (brainstem, hippocampus, frontal cortex). This counterintuitive finding can be explained by the following model: teeth contact perception loss on the lesioned side results in an increased occlusal effort, which enhances afferent inputs from muscle spindles and posterior periodontal receptors, spared by the distal lesion. Such effort leads to a reduced engagement of the intact side, with a corresponding reduction in the afferent inputs to the LC and in c-Fos and BDNF gene expression. In conclusion, acute effects of malocclusion on performance seem mediated by the LC, which could also contribute to the chronic trophic dysfunction induced by loss of trigeminal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Briganti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Argento
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide De Cicco
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and CriticalCare Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Vannozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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Britto-Júnior J, Antunes NJ, Campos R, Sucupira M, Mendes GD, Fernandes F, Moraes MO, Moraes MEA, De Nucci G. Determination of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in Krebs-Henseleit solution by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and measurement of their basal release from Chelonoidis carbonaria aortae in vitro. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4978. [PMID: 32866321 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presented for the first time the development and validation of a sensitive method for quantification of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in Krebs-Henseleit solution by LC-tandem mass spectrometry. Aliquots of 2.0 mL calibrators, quality controls, and samples of Krebs-Henseleit solution incubated with tortoise's aortic ring for 30 min were extracted by solid-phase extraction. Catecholamine separation was achieved on a 100 × 4.6 mm LiChrospher RP-8 column and the quantification was performed by a mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface operating in positive ion mode. The run time was 4 min and the calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1-20.0 ng/mL. The method was applied to the measurement of basal release of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline from the tortoise Chelonoidis carbonaria aortae in vitro. One aortic ring (30 mm) per tortoise (n = 5) was incubated for 30 min in a 5 mL organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The method demonstrated sensitivity, precision, and accuracy enough for its application in the measurement of basal release of these catecholamines from C. carbonaria aortic rings in vitro. The mean (standard deviation) concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were 3.48 (2.55) ng/mL, 1.40 (0.57) ng/mL, and 1.87 (1.09) ng/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Britto-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalícia J Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Campos
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mauro Sucupira
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete A Moraes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Britto‐Júnior J, Pinheiro DHA, Justo AFO, Figueiredo Murari GM, Campos R, Mariano FV, de Souza VB, Schenka AA, Mónica FZ, Antunes E, De Nucci G. Endothelium-derived dopamine modulates EFS-induced contractions of human umbilical vessels. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00612. [PMID: 32567793 PMCID: PMC7307250 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induces contractions of both snake aorta and human umbilical cord vessels (HUCV) which were dependent on the presence of the endothelium. This study aimed to establish the nature of the mediator(s) responsible for EFS-induced contractions in HUCV. Rings with or without endothelium from human umbilical artery (HUA) or vein (HUV) were mounted in organ bath chambers containing oxygenated, heated Krebs-Henseleit's solution. Basal release of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline, and adrenaline was measured by LC-MS-MS. Cumulative concentration-response curves were performed with dopamine in the absence and in the presence of L-NAME or of dopamine antagonists. EFS studies were performed in the presence and absence of L-NAME, the α-adrenergic blockers prazosin and idazoxan, and the dopamine antagonists SCH-23390 and haloperidol. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa-decarboxylase (DDC) were studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridizations. Basal release of dopamine requires an intact endothelium in both HUA and HUV. TH and DDC are present only in the endothelium of both HUA and HUV as determined by immunohistochemistry. Dopamine induced contractions in HUA only in the presence of L-NAME. Dopamine-induced contractions in HUV were strongly potentiated by L-NAME. The EFS-induced contractions in both HUA and HUV were potentiated by L-NAME and inhibited by the D2-like receptor antagonist haloperidol. The α-adrenergic antagonists prazosin and idazoxan and the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 had no effect on the EFS-induced contractions of HUA and HUV. Endothelium-derived dopamine is a major modulator of HUCV reactivity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Britto‐Júnior
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - David H. A. Pinheiro
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Alberto F. O. Justo
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | | | - Rafael Campos
- Superior Institute of Biomedical SciencesCeará State University (UECE)FortalezaBrazil
| | - Fernanda V. Mariano
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medical ScienceState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Valéria B. de Souza
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - André A. Schenka
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Fabiola Z. Mónica
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
- Brazil UniversityFernadopolisBrazil
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10
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Dopamine outside the brain: The eye, cardiovascular system and endocrine pancreas. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107392. [PMID: 31299315 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and DA receptors (DR) have been extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS), but their role in the periphery is still poorly understood. Here we summarize data on DA and DRs in the eye, cardiovascular system and endocrine pancreas, three districts where DA and DA-related drugs have been studied and the expression of DR documented. In the eye, DA modulates ciliary blood flow and aqueous production, which impacts on intraocular pressure and glaucoma. In the cardiovascular system, DA increases blood pressure and heart activity, mostly through a stimulation of adrenoceptors, and induces vasodilatation in the renal circulation, possibly through D1R stimulation. In pancreatic islets, beta cells store DA and co-release it with insulin. D1R is mainly expressed in beta cells, where it stimulates insulin release, while D2R is expressed in both beta and delta cells (in the latter at higher level), where it inhibits, respectively, insulin and somatostatin release. The formation of D2R-somatostatin receptor 5 heteromers (documented in the CNS), might add complexity to the system. DA may exert both direct autocrine effects on beta cells, and indirect paracrine effects through delta cells and somatostatin. Bromocriptine, an FDA approved drug for diabetes, endowed with both D1R (antagonistic) and D2R (agonistic) actions, may exert complex effects, resulting from the integration of direct effects on beta cells and paracrine effects from delta cells. A full comprehension of peripheral DA signaling deserves further studies that may generate innovative therapeutic drugs to manage conditions such as glaucoma, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
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11
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Campos R, Mónica FZ, Justo AFO, Cogo JC, Oliveira EDT, Moreno RA, Antunes E, De Nucci G. Electrical field stimulation-induced contractions on Pantherophis guttatus corpora cavernosa and aortae. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196123. [PMID: 29672643 PMCID: PMC5908133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant mechanism is responsible for the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions and relaxations of Crotalus durissus terrificus corpora cavernosa. Here it was investigated whether this mechanism also occurs in corpora cavernosa and aortae of the non-venomous snake Pantherophis guttatus corpora cavernosa and aortae. Corpora cavernosa and aortic rings isolated from Pantherophis guttatus snake were mounted in organ bath system for isometric tension recording. EFS-induced contractions in both tissues were performed in the presence and absence of guanethidine (30 μM), phentolamine (10 μM) and tetrodotoxin (1 μM). In another set of experiments, the endothelium was removed from aortic rings and EFS-induced contractions were performed in the denuded rings. Electrical field stimulation-induced contractions were frequency-dependent in Pantherophis guttatus corpora cavernosa and aortic rings. The contractions were significantly reduced in the presence of guanethidine (30 μM) or phentolamine (10 μM). Pre-treatment with tetrodotoxin had no effect on the EFS-induced contractions of either corpora cavernosa or aortic rings. Surprisingly, the EFS-induced contractions of aortic rings denuded of endothelium were almost abolished. These results indicate that the TTX-resistant mechanism is present in EFS-induced contractions of Pantherophis guttatus corpora cavernosa and aortae. The experiments performed in the aorta indicate that the endothelium is the main source for the release of catecholamines induced by EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Campos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabíola Z. Mónica
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Cogo
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, Itaquera—São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronilson Agnaldo Moreno
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Matchkov VV, Aalkjaer C. Reply from Vladimir V. Matchkov and Christian Aalkjaer. J Physiol 2017; 595:6785-6787. [PMID: 29090472 DOI: 10.1113/jp275145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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13
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Simonsen U, Comerma-Steffensen S, Andersson KE. Modulation of Dopaminergic Pathways to Treat Erectile Dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:63-74. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Central University of Venezuela; Maracay Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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14
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Delsouc MB, Morales LD, Vallcaneras SS, Bronzi D, Anzulovich AC, Delgado SM, Casais M. Participation of the extrinsic cholinergic innervation in the action of nitric oxide on the ovarian steroidogenesis in the first proestrous in rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 236:54-62. [PMID: 27388663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ex-vivo Coeliac Ganglion-Superior Ovarian Nerve-Ovary (CG-SON-O) system and an ovary without peripheral neural influence from virgin rats in the first proestrous were used to test whether ovarian extrinsic innervation and nitric oxide (NO) affects steroidogenesis in the ovary. The CG and the ovary were placed in separate buffered-compartments, connected by the SON. Stimulation of the CG was achieved by 10(-6)M acetylcholine (Ach). The ovary without peripheral neural influence was placed alone in a buffered-compartment. To test a possible role of NO in the ovarian response to peripheral neural influence, 100μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) and 100μM N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase) were added to the ovarian compartment separately. In the CG-SON-O system, SNP into the ovarian compartment increased the concentration of NO, reduced the release of progesterone and increased the release of estradiol (E2), increasing the mRNAs related to their synthesis enzyme. The addition of l-NAME to the ovarian compartment caused an opposite effect. In the ovary alone, NO manifested an antisteroidogenic effect on both hormones. These results show that the ovarian extrinsic innervation maintains a direct relationship between NO and E2, both needed at high levels during the follicular phase, allowing the continuity of the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Laura D Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sandra S Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Daniela Bronzi
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana C Anzulovich
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología (LABCRON), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvia M Delgado
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratorio de Cronobiología (LABCRON), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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15
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Wu F, Li J, Zhang K, He Z, Yang P, Zou D, Huang N. Multifunctional Coating Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Dopamine Conjugate for Potential Application on Surface Modification of Cardiovascular Implanted Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:109-121. [PMID: 26654689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification by conjugating biomolecules has been widely proved to enhance biocompatibility of cardiovascular implanted devices. Here, we aimed at developing a multifunctional surface that not only provides good hemocompatibility but also functions well in inducing desirable vascular cell-material interaction. In the present work, the multicoatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and dopamine (PDA) were prepared onto 316L stainless steel (316L SS) via chemical conjugation (Michael addition, Schiff base reaction, and electrostatic adsorption). The results of platelet adhesion and activation and the whole blood tests indicated that the HA/PDA coatings obtained better hemocompatibility compared with the bare 316L SS and HA or PDA immobilized on 316L SS. The HA/PDA coatings also inhibited the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and adhesion/activation of macrophages effectively, whereas not all the HA/PDA coatings improved surface endothelialization rapidly and the effects of the multifunctional coatings on endothelial cell growth depend on the HA amounts (1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/mL, labeled as PDA-HA-1, PDA-HA-2, and PDA-HA-5 respectively). Herein the PDA-HA-1 and PDA-HA-2 coatings were found to improve endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation significantly. The tissue compatibility of the HA/PDA coatings also depends on the HA amounts, and the PDA-HA-2 coating was proved to cause milder in vivo tissue response. Additionally, the mechanism of the HA molecular weight change and in vivo tissue response was also explored. These results effectively suggested that the HA/PDA coating might be promising when serving as a cardiovascular implanted device coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Jingan Li
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , 40 University Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zikun He
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Dan Zou
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, PR China
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Oversø Hansen P, Kringelholt S, Simonsen U, Bek T. Hypoxia-induced relaxation of porcine retinal arterioles in vitro depends on inducible NO synthase and EP4 receptor stimulation in the perivascular retina. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:457-463. [PMID: 25619924 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia-induced relaxation of porcine retinal arterioles has been shown to be reduced during inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The purpose of this study was to identity the specific prostaglandin receptor(s) and source(s) of NO mediating this effect. METHODS Porcine retinal arterioles with preserved perivascular retinal tissue were mounted in a myograph and were exposed to hypoxia in the presence of one of the following: the general NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W, the selective nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole, the general cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor ibuprofen or an antagonist to the FP- (AL 8810), DP- (BWA868C), EP1 - (SC-19220), EP2 - (PF-044189) or EP4 receptors (GW627368X). The experiments were repeated after removal of the perivascular retinal tissue. RESULTS Hypoxia induced relaxation of retinal arterioles with preserved perivascular retinal tissue. This relaxation was significantly reduced in the presence of L-NAME, 1400W, ibuprofen and the EP4 receptor antagonist GW627368X. The simultaneous addition of L-NAME or 1400W in combination with ibuprofen, but not GW627368X, reduced hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation additively as compared to the effect of the compounds individually. CONCLUSION Hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation of porcine retinal arterioles is mediated by inducible NOS and stimulation of EP4 receptors acting through separate pathways, but mechanisms unrelated to the studied prostaglandin receptors and NOS products are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidse Kringelholt
- Department of Ophthalmology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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17
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Sepsis varies arterial two-pore-domain potassium channel messenger RNA in mice. J Surg Res 2015; 193:816-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gozal EA, O'Neill BE, Sawchuk MA, Zhu H, Halder M, Chou CC, Hochman S. Anatomical and functional evidence for trace amines as unique modulators of locomotor function in the mammalian spinal cord. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:134. [PMID: 25426030 PMCID: PMC4224135 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace amines (TAs), tryptamine, tyramine, and β-phenylethylamine, are synthesized from precursor amino acids via aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). We explored their role in the neuromodulation of neonatal rat spinal cord motor circuits. We first showed that the spinal cord contains the substrates for TA biosynthesis (AADC) and for receptor-mediated actions via trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) 1 and 4. We next examined the actions of the TAs on motor activity using the in vitro isolated neonatal rat spinal cord. Tyramine and tryptamine most consistently increased motor activity with prominent direct actions on motoneurons. In the presence of N-methyl-D-aspartate, all applied TAs supported expression of a locomotor-like activity (LLA) that was indistinguishable from that ordinarily observed with serotonin, suggesting that the TAs act on common central pattern generating neurons. The TAs also generated distinctive complex rhythms characterized by episodic bouts of LLA. TA actions on locomotor circuits did not require interaction with descending monoaminergic projections since evoked LLA was maintained following block of all Na+-dependent monoamine transporters or the vesicular monoamine transporter. Instead, TA (tryptamine and tyramine) actions depended on intracellular uptake via pentamidine-sensitive Na+-independent membrane transporters. Requirement for intracellular transport is consistent with the TAs having much slower LLA onset than serotonin and for activation of intracellular TAARs. To test for endogenous actions following biosynthesis, we increased intracellular amino acid levels with cycloheximide. LLA emerged and included distinctive TA-like episodic bouts. In summary, we provided anatomical and functional evidence of the TAs as an intrinsic spinal monoaminergic modulatory system capable of promoting recruitment of locomotor circuits independent of the descending monoamines. These actions support their known sympathomimetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Zhu
- Physiology Department, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mallika Halder
- Physiology Department, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Shawn Hochman
- Physiology Department, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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