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Identification of miRNA Regulatory Networks and Candidate Markers for Fracture Healing in Mice. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2866475. [PMID: 34840596 PMCID: PMC8611357 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2866475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background It is important to improve the understanding of the fracture healing process at the molecular levels, then to discover potential miRNA regulatory mechanisms and candidate markers. Methods Expression profiles of mRNA and miRNA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We performed differential analysis, enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The miRNA-mRNA network analysis was also performed. Results We identified 499 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRs) that were upregulated and 534 downregulated DEmRs during fracture healing. They were mainly enriched in collagen fibril organization and immune response. Using the PPI network, we screened 10 hub genes that were upregulated and 10 hub genes downregulated with the largest connectivity. We further constructed the miRNA regulatory network for hub genes and identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) regulators. Cd19 and Col6a1 were identified as key candidate mRNAs with the largest fold change, and their DEmiR regulators were key candidate regulators. Conclusion Cd19 and Col6a1 might serve as candidate markers for fracture healing in subsequent studies. Their expression is regulated by miRNAs and is involved in collagen fibril organization and immune responses.
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Knox AM, McGuire AC, Natoli RM, Kacena MA, Collier CD. Methodology, selection, and integration of fracture healing assessments in mice. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2295-2309. [PMID: 34436797 PMCID: PMC8542592 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Long bone fractures are one of the most common and costly medical conditions encountered after trauma. Characterization of the biology of fracture healing and development of potential medical interventions generally involves animal models of fracture healing using varying genetic or treatment groups, then analyzing relative repair success via the synthesis of diverse assessment methodologies. Murine models are some of the most widely used given their low cost, wide variety of genetic variants, and rapid breeding and maturation. This review addresses key concerns regarding fracture repair investigations in mice and may serve as a guide in conducting and interpreting such studies. Specifically, this review details the procedures, highlights relevant parameters, and discusses special considerations for the selection and integration of the major modalities used for quantifying fracture repair in such studies, including X-ray, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometric, biomechanical, gene expression and biomarker analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Knox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Anthony C. McGuire
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Roman M. Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
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Hebb JH, Ashley JW, McDaniel L, Lopas LA, Tobias J, Hankenson KD, Ahn J. Bone healing in an aged murine fracture model is characterized by sustained callus inflammation and decreased cell proliferation. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:149-158. [PMID: 28708309 PMCID: PMC6385606 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Geriatric fractures take longer to heal and heal with more complications than those of younger patients; however, the mechanistic basis for this difference in healing is not well understood. To improve this understanding, we investigated cell and molecular differences in fracture healing between 5-month-old (young adult) and 25-month-old (geriatric) mice healing utilizing high-throughput analysis of gene expression. Mice underwent bilateral tibial fractures and fracture calluses were harvested at 5, 10, and 20 days post-fracture (DPF) for analysis. Global gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix MoGene 1.0 ST microarrays. After normalization, data were compared using ANOVA and evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), CTen, heatmap, and Incromaps analysis. PCA and cross-sectional heatmap analysis demonstrated that DPF followed by age had pronounced effects on changes in gene expression. Both un-fractured and 20 DPF aged mice showed increased expression of immune-associated genes (CXCL8, CCL8, and CCL5) and at 10 DPF, aged mice showed increased expression of matrix-associated genes, (Matn1, Ucma, Scube1, Col9a1, and Col9a3). Cten analysis suggested an enrichment of CD8+ cells and macrophages in old mice relative to young adult mice and, conversely, a greater prevalence of mast cells in young adult mice relative to old. Finally, consistent with the PCA data, the classic bone healing pathways of BMP, Indian Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt clustered according to the time post-fracture first and age second. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Greater understanding of age-dependent molecular changes with healing will help form a mechanistic basis for therapies to improve patient outcomes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:149-158, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Hebb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason W Ashley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA
| | - Lee McDaniel
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C
| | - Luke A Lopas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Tobias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Co-corresponding Authors: , Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2019 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher 48109, Phone: 734-395-7838, Jaimo Ahn, , Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market St, Suite 6121, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Phone: (215) 294-9141
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Co-corresponding Authors: , Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2019 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher 48109, Phone: 734-395-7838, Jaimo Ahn, , Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market St, Suite 6121, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Phone: (215) 294-9141
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