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Balzan P, Tattersall C, Palmer R, Murray M. Mapping the development process of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation devices for neurorehabilitation, the associated barriers and facilitators, and its applicability to acquired dysarthria: a qualitative study of manufacturers' perspectives. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:1923-1934. [PMID: 37855610 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2269976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fragmented nature of the medical device market limits our understanding of how particular sub-markets navigate the device development process. Despite the widespread use of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), its use for acquired dysarthria treatment has not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to provide a preliminary understanding of the stages involved in the development of NMES devices designed for neurorehabilitation. It also aims to investigate manufacturers' perceptions concerning factors that facilitate or impede its development and determine its applicability for acquired dysarthria. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-depth semi-structured online interviews were conducted with eight NMES device manufacturers located across Europe, North America and Oceania. The interviews were video-recorded, automatically transcribed, manually reviewed, and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS NMES device development for neurorehabilitation involves six complex phases with sequential and overlapping activities. Some emerging concepts were comparable to established medical device models, while others were specific to NMES. Its adaptability to different neurological disorders, the positive academia-industry collaborations, the industry's growth prospects and the promising global efforts for standardised regulations are all key facilitators for its development. However, financial, political, regulatory, and natural constraints emerged as barriers. Indications and challenges for the applicability of NMES for acquired dysarthria treatment were also discussed. CONCLUSION The findings provide a foundation for further investigations on the NMES market sub-sector, particularly in the context of neurorehabilitation. The study also provides insights into the potential adoption of NMES for acquired dysarthria, which can serve as a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Balzan
- Division of Human Communication Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Catherine Tattersall
- Division of Human Communication Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Palmer
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Murray
- Sheffield Healthcare Gateway, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Metaxas A, Hantgan S, Wang KW, Desai J, Zwerling S, Jariwala SP. A Framework for Social Needs-Based Medical Biodesign Innovation. Appl Clin Inform 2024; 15:456-459. [PMID: 38657678 PMCID: PMC11168808 DOI: 10.1055/a-2312-8621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Metaxas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
| | - Sara Hantgan
- University of Michigan School of Information, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Katherine W. Wang
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jiya Desai
- The Pingry School, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, United States
| | - Sarah Zwerling
- Roslyn High School, Roslyn Heights, New York, United States
| | - Sunit P. Jariwala
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
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3
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White NA, Oude Vrielink TJC, van der Bogt KEA, Cohen AF, Rotmans JI, Horeman T. Question-based development of high-risk medical devices: A proposal for a structured design and review process. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:2144-2159. [PMID: 36740771 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent introduction of the European Medical Device Regulation poses stricter legislation for manufacturers developing medical devices in the EU. Many devices have been placed into a higher risk category, thus requiring more data before market approval, and a much larger focus has been placed on safety. For implantable and Class III devices, the highest risk class, clinical evidence is a necessity. However, the requirements of clinical study design and developmental outcomes are only described in general terms due to the diversity of devices. METHODS A structured approach to determining the requirements for the clinical development of high-risk medical devices is introduced, utilizing the question-based development framework, which is already used for pharmaceutical drug development. An example of a novel implantable device for haemodialysis demonstrates how to set up a relevant target product profile defining the device requirements and criteria. The framework can be used in the medical device design phase to define specific questions to be answered during the ensuing clinical development, based upon five general questions, specified by the question-based framework. RESULTS The result is a clear and evaluable overview of requirements and methodologies to verify and track these requirements in the clinical development phase. Development organizations will be guided to the optimal route, also to abandon projects destined for failure early on to minimize development risks. CONCLUSION The framework could facilitate communication with funding agencies, regulators and clinicians, while highlighting remaining 'known unknowns' that require answering in the post-market phase after sufficient benefit is established relative to the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A White
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Koen E A van der Bogt
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University Vascular Centre, Leiden | The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Adam F Cohen
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Horeman
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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4
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Sousa LB, Almeida I, Bernardes RA, Leite TR, Negrão R, Apóstolo J, Salgueiro-Oliveira A, Parreira P. A three step protocol for the development of an innovative footwear (shoe and sensor based insole) to prevent diabetic foot ulceration. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1061383. [PMID: 36794077 PMCID: PMC9922787 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is increasing worldwide. Therapeutic footwear is usually recommended in clinical practice for preventing foot ulcers in persons with diabetes. The project Science DiabetICC Footwear aims to develop innovative footwear to prevent DFU, specifically a shoe and sensor-based insole, which will allow for monitoring pressure, temperature, and humidity parameters. Method This study presents a three-step protocol for the development and evaluation of this therapeutic footwear, specifically: (i) a first observational study will specify the user requirements and contexts of use; (ii) after the design solutions were developed for shoe and insole, the semi-functional prototypes will be evaluated against the initial requirements; (iii) and a pre-clinical study protocol will enable the evaluation of the final functional prototype. The eligible diabetic participants will be involved in each stage of product development. The data will be collected using interviews, clinical evaluation of the foot, 3D foot parameters and plantar pressure evaluation. This three-step protocol was defined according to the national and international legal requirements, ISO norms for medical devices development, and was also reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E) of the Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC). Results The involvement of end-users (diabetic patients) will enable the definition of user requirements and contexts of use to develop design solutions for the footwear. Those design solutions will be prototyped and evaluated by end-users to achieve the final design for therapeutic footwear. The final functional prototype will be evaluated in pre-clinical studies to ensure that the footwear meets all the requirements to move forward to clinical studies. Discussion The three-step study outlined in this protocol will provide the necessary insights during the product development, ensuring this new therapeutic footwear's main functional and ergonomic features for DFU prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana B. Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: Liliana B. Sousa ✉
| | - Inês Almeida
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael A. Bernardes
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teófilo R. Leite
- Indústrias e Comércio de Calçado S. A. (ICC), Sol-Pinheiro, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Negrão
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Apóstolo
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Salgueiro-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Parreira
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
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A Review of Lean Methodology Application and Its Integration in Medical Device New Product Introduction Processes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to review the Lean tool application and its utilisation in medical device design and the new product introduction process to establish the benefits and best practices for its integration with existing new product introduction processes. A review of the literature on the current state of medical device New Product Introduction (NPI) processes is completed along with a comprehensive review of the literature on the history and development of Lean NPI. The review indicates that Lean can be combined with the predominant NPI execution tools, Stage-Gate and Concurrent Engineering within the medical device industry to achieve a best-in-class continuous improvement methodology within the NPI process. This integration eliminates waste, focusses on customer value, and ultimately reduces cost and lead time to market. This review highlights for the first time the main challenges and issues with Lean in the medical device sector NPI processes, identifying possible future strands of research. Limitations of the current review are that despite the heavy emphasis placed on Lean manufacturing processes, comparatively little emphasis is placed on the use of Lean in the medical device NPI process. Future longitudinal case studies on case study application of Lean in medical device NPI processes would be useful. This study has implications for identifying best practices for Lean in NPI in the device industry, improving what is considered state-of-the-art for the introduction of devices into the public domain.
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Kheir O, Jacoby A, Verwulgen S. Risk Identification and Analysis in the Development of Medical Devices Among Start-Ups: Towards a Broader Risk Management Framework. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2022; 15:349-363. [PMID: 36158728 PMCID: PMC9507292 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s375977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whilst risk management has become fundamental in the development of medical devices, enforced by regulations and international standards, there is still no comprehensive model that explains how risk management in medical devices' development should be tackled, especially with regard to the type of risks that should be addressed. Risk management in the medical devices' development field is currently focused on technical risks, comprising product, usability, and development process risks, in alignment with standards' requirements and regulations, without giving enough attention to non-technical risks, which include business and project risks. Start-ups within this heavily regulated domain have a key role in the innovation process, yet they suffer a structural lack of tangible, such as financial capacity, and intangible resources such as development, risk management, and regulations' compliance. Nonetheless, they can still optimize their risk identification coverage beyond the enforced requirements to increase their products' chances of success. METHODS A set of qualitative interviews, serving the adopted grounded theory building research method, with seven start-ups who are involved in the development, commercialization, and quality control of medical devices was accomplished. The purpose was to determine the applied risk management practices and most importantly identify the risk types covered by them. Since every start-up is a project by itself, a sample of project risks, as identified by the project management institute, was utilized to scope the risk coverage and flag missing non-technical risks by the participating start-ups. RESULTS Un-identified risk types, lack of involvement of the right teams, and other related loopholes were presented. DISCUSSION A list of requirements was developed and sketched in a user-friendly risk management framework, which is believed to be crucial in helping start-ups attain successful, safe, and regulatory compliant medical devices production, is shared in the discussion and proposed framework section of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kheir
- Product Development, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexis Jacoby
- Product Development, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verwulgen
- Product Development, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Lewis A, Douka D, Koukoura A, Valla V, Smirthwaite A, Faarbaek SH, Vassiliadis E. Preference Testing in Medical Devices: Current Framework and Regulatory Gaps. MEDICAL DEVICES (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2022; 15:199-213. [PMID: 35822064 PMCID: PMC9271283 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s368420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preference testing is a valuable source of information that can be provided by both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients (users). It can be used to improve the design and development of medical devices by feeding into device usability and, ultimately, risk management. Furthermore, it can aid with selecting the most appropriate clinical endpoints to be used in the clinical evaluation of a device and increase patient engagement by incorporating patient-relevant outcomes. Preference testing is widely conducted in the food industry but is not widespread in the medical field due to limited guidelines and a lack of regulatory framework. As such, manufacturers may be unaware of the benefits of preference testing and fail to take full advantage of it, or conversely, may use inappropriate methodology and/or analyses and consequently fail to collect meaningful data. In this position paper, we aim to highlight the benefits and uses of preference testing, along with potential methods that could be used for preference testing of medical devices. A key step towards the wider implementation of preference testing in medical devices is for the publication of international standards and guidelines for the collection, assessment, and implementation of preference data into the life cycle of a medical device.
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8
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Olubajo L, Dimitri P, Johnston A, Owens M. Managing interorganisational collaborations to develop medical technologies: the contribution of interpersonal relationships. J Med Eng Technol 2022; 46:482-496. [PMID: 35730521 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2022.2089255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of medical technologies that effectively meet clinical and patient needs increasingly relies upon collaborative working between clinicians, businesses and universities. While this "open" innovation process may provide access to additional resources, knowledge, and expertise the process is not frictionless. At the personal level, individuals may have different ways of working and incentives and at the organisational level, partners may have their own cultures and processes. Thus, interorganisational collaboration is not necessarily a panacea, but has advantages and disadvantages. The challenges are somewhat heightened in the MedTech sector where collaborative working cuts across established professional boundaries, brings together diverse knowledge from an array of disciplines, and often disrupts existing medical practice. Given these factors, this article presents a review of the extant management literature examining the complexities within multi-party collaboration and ways to drive these partnerships forwards. The article emphasises the critical value of interpersonal relationships within collaborations and offers means of strengthening them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Olubajo
- Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Dimitri
- NIHR Children and Young People MedTech Co-operative, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Johnston
- International Centre for Transformational Entrepreneurship, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin Owens
- Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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9
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Schoepen M, Vansteenkiste E, De Gersem W, Detand J. Systems thinking and designerly tools for medical device design in engineering curricula. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2022; 12:461-471. [PMID: 38235301 PMCID: PMC10791094 DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2022.2072778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this paper we focus on medical device development (MDD) in Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) academia. We want to find which methods our MDD-students currently use, where our guidance has shortcomings and where it brings added value. Methods We have analysed 19 master and 3 doctoral MDD-theses in our IDE curriculum. The evaluation focusses around four main themes: 1) regulatory 2) testing 3) patient-centricity and 4) systemic design. Results Regulatory aspects and medical testing procedures seem to be disregarded frequently. We assume this is because of a lack of MDD experience and the small thesis timeframe. Furthermore, many students applied medical-oriented systemic tools, which enhances multiperspectivism. However, we found an important lack in the translation to the List of Specifications and to business models of these medical devices. Finally, students introduced various participatory techniques, but seem to struggle with implementing this in the setting of evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schoepen
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Product Design, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Werner De Gersem
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Detand
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Product Design, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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von Behr C, Semple GA, Minshall T. Rapid setup and management of medical device design and manufacturing consortia: experiences from the COVID‐19 crisis in the UK. R&D MANAGEMENT 2022; 52:220-234. [PMCID: PMC8242446 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic caused severe ventilator shortages in many healthcare systems worldwide. The UK government reacted to this with a three‐pronged approach of importing, up‐scaling existing production and supporting new design projects. The latter two parts – labelled the UK Ventilator Challenge – included over 50 companies from various sectors including the automotive and aerospace industries. Nine multi‐partner consortia and five single‐company projects were initiated with varying approaches. This study explores lessons learned during the setup and management of these medical device designs and manufacturing consortia. A qualitative survey methodology was employed, and 32 semi‐structured stakeholder interviews were conducted. The primary data was triangulated through the collection of 42 secondary data sources such as webinars and radio interviews. Transcription and a three‐step data analysis process of thematic coding identified six lessons learned. The analysis of the data showed that a strong, appealing common goal can enable employee motivation and trust as well as align priorities across all companies involved. This facilitates the involvement and fruitful collaboration of companies with varying sizes and fields of expertise. Furthermore, selecting the most suitable employees with specialist knowledge for high‐priority projects and empowering them to make decisions can have a positive effect on project performance. The findings from the study complement existing literature on new product development and crisis management processes. In addition, the results uncover potential long‐term effects such as more openness for cross‐sector collaborations, which can serve as interesting sources for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl‐Magnus von Behr
- Department of EngineeringInstitute for ManufacturingUniversity of Cambridge17 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Georgia Anne Semple
- Department of EngineeringInstitute for ManufacturingUniversity of Cambridge17 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Tim Minshall
- Department of EngineeringInstitute for ManufacturingUniversity of Cambridge17 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
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11
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Webb MM, Bridges P, Aruparayil N, Chugh C, Beacon T, Singh T, Sawhney SS, Bains L, Hall R, Jayne D, Gnanaraj J, Mishra A, Culmer PR. The RAIS Device for Global Surgery: Using a Participatory Design Approach to Navigate the Translational Pathway to Clinical Use. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2022; 10:3700212. [PMID: 35865752 PMCID: PMC9292337 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3177313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Over 5 billion people worldwide have no access to surgery worldwide, typically in low-resource settings, despite it being a primary life-saving treatment. Gas Insufflation-Less Laparoscopic Surgery (GILLS) can address this inequity, by improving current GILLS instrumentation to modern surgical standards. Objective: to develop and translate a new Retractor for Abdominal Insufflation-less Surgery (RAIS) into clinical use and thus provide a context-appropriate system to advance GILLS surgery. Methods: A collaborative multidisciplinary team from the UK and India was formed, embedding local clinical stakeholders and an industry partner in defining user and contextual needs. System development was based on a phased roadmap for ‘surgical device design in low resource settings’ and embedded participatory and frugal design principles in an iterative process supported by traditional medical device design methodologies. Each phase of development was evaluated by the stakeholder team through interactive workshops using cadaveric surgical simulations. A Commercialisation phase undertook Design to Manufacture and regulatory approval activities. Clinical validation was then conducted with rural surgeons performing GILLS procedures using the RAIS system. Semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used to evaluate device performance. Results: A set of user needs and contextual requirements were defined and formalised. System development occurred across five iterations. Stakeholder participation was instrumental in converging on a design which met user requirements. A commercial RAIS system was then produced by an industry partner under Indian regulatory approval. This was successfully used in clinical validation to conduct 12 surgical procedures at two locations in rural India. Surgical feedback showed that the RAIS system provided a valuable and usable surgical instrument which was appropriate for use in low-resource contexts. Conclusions: Using a context-specific development approach with close engagement of stakeholders was crucial to develop the RAIS system for low-resource regions. The outcome is translation from global health need into a fully realized commercial instrument which can be used by surgeons in low-resource regions across India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marriott Webb
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | | | - N. Aruparayil
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - C. Chugh
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - T. Beacon
- Medical Aid International, Bedford, U.K
| | - T. Singh
- XLO Ortho Life Systems, New Delhi, India
| | | | - L. Bains
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Hall
- Pd-m International, Thirsk, U.K
| | - D. Jayne
- Department of Academic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - J. Gnanaraj
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
| | - A. Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - P. R. Culmer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
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12
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Antonini MJ, Plana D, Srinivasan S, Atta L, Achanta A, Yang H, Cramer AK, Freake J, Sinha MS, Yu SH, LeBoeuf NR, Linville-Engler B, Sorger PK. A Crisis-Responsive Framework for Medical Device Development Applied to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:617106. [PMID: 33899045 PMCID: PMC8064560 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.617106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of conventional manufacturing, supply, and distribution channels during the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) and other medical supplies. These shortages catalyzed local efforts to use nontraditional, rapid manufacturing to meet urgent healthcare needs. Here we present a crisis-responsive design framework designed to assist with product development under pandemic conditions. The framework emphasizes stakeholder engagement, comprehensive but efficient needs assessment, rapid manufacturing, and modified product testing to enable accelerated development of healthcare products. We contrast this framework with traditional medical device manufacturing that proceeds at a more deliberate pace, discuss strengths and weakness of pandemic-responsive fabrication, and consider relevant regulatory policies. We highlight the use of the crisis-responsive framework in a case study of face shield design and production for a large US academic hospital. Finally, we make recommendations aimed at improving future resilience to pandemics and healthcare emergencies. These include continued development of open source designs suitable for rapid manufacturing, education of maker communities and hospital administrators about rapidly-manufactured medical devices, and changes in regulatory policy that help strike a balance between quality and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Joseph Antonini
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Deborah Plana
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shriya Srinivasan
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lyla Atta
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aditya Achanta
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Yang
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Avilash K. Cramer
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Freake
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Fikst Product Development, Woburn, MA, United States
| | - Michael S. Sinha
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sherry H. Yu
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nicole R. LeBoeuf
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ben Linville-Engler
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- System Design and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Manufacturing Emergency Response Team (MA M-ERT), Massachusetts Technology Collaborative, Westborough, MA, United States
| | - Peter K. Sorger
- Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Marešová P, Klímová B, Honegr J, Kuča K, Ibrahim WNH, Selamat A. Medical Device Development Process, and Associated Risks and Legislative Aspects-Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2020; 8:308. [PMID: 32903646 PMCID: PMC7438805 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Medical device development, from the product's conception to release to market, is very complex and relies significantly on the application of exact processes. This paper aims to provide an analysis and summary of current research in the field of medical device development methodologies, discuss its phases, and evaluate the associated legislative and risk aspects. Methods: The literature search was conducted to detect peer-reviewed studies in Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, on content published between 2007 and November 2019. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, 13 papers were included in the first session and 11 were included in the second session. Thus, a total of 24 papers were analyzed. Most of the publications originated in the United States (7 out of 24). Results: The medical device development process comprises one to seven stages. Six studies also contain a model of the medical device development process for all stages or for just some of the stages. These studies specifically describe the concept stage during which all uncertainties, such as the clinical need definition, customer requirements/needs, finances, reimbursement strategy, team selection, and legal aspects, must be considered. Conclusion: The crucial factor in healthcare safety is the stability of factors over a long production time. Good manufacturing practices cannot be tested on individual batches of products; they must be inherently built into the manufacturing process. The key issues that must be addressed in the future are the consistency in the classification of devices throughout the EU and globally, and the transparency of approval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marešová
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Blanka Klímová
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jan Honegr
- Biomedical Research Centrum, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Wan Nur Hidayah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia & Media and Game Innovation Centre of Excellence (MaGICX), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Selamat
- Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia & Media and Game Innovation Centre of Excellence (MaGICX), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ni M, Borsci S, Walne S, Mclister AP, Buckle P, Barlow JG, Hanna GB. The Lean and Agile Multi-dimensional Process (LAMP) - a new framework for rapid and iterative evidence generation to support health-care technology design and development. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:277-288. [PMID: 32167800 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1743174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Health technology assessments (HTA) are tools for policymaking and resource allocation. Early HTAs are increasingly used in design and development of new technologies. Conducting early HTAs is challenging, due to a lack of evidence and significant uncertainties in the technology and the market. A multi-disciplinary approach is considered essential. However, an operational framework that can enable the integration of multi-dimensional evidence into commercialization remains lacking.Areas covered: We developed the Lean and Agile Multi-dimensional Process (LAMP), an early HTA framework, for embedding commercial decision-making in structured evidence generation activities, divided into phases. Diverse evidence in unmet needs, user acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and market competitiveness are being generated in increasing depth. This supports the emergence of design and value propositions that align technology capabilities and clinical and user needs.Expert opinion: We have been applying LAMP to working with medical device and diagnostic industry in the UK. The framework can be adapted to suit different technologies, decision needs, time scales, and resources. LAMP offers a practical solution to the multi-disciplinary approach. Methodologists drive the process by performing evidence generation and synthesis as and by enabling interactions between manufacturers, designers, clinicians, and other key stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Ni
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Borsci
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, Twente University, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Simon Walne
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna P Mclister
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Buckle
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James G Barlow
- Imperial Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Complexity Stage Model of the Medical Device Development Based on Economic Evaluation—MedDee. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12051755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new product is essential for the progress and success of any company. The medical device market is very specific, which is challenging. Therefore, this paper assesses an economic model for medical device evaluation using the economic, health, technology regulatory, and present market knowledge to enable the cost–time conception for any applicant. The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive stage model of the medical device development to subsequently describe the financial expenditure of the entire development process. The identification of critical steps was based on the literature review, and analysis, and a comparison of the available medical device development stages and directives. Furthermore, a preliminary assessment of the medical device development steps and procedures on the basis of the interviews was performed. Six interviews were conducted with an average duration of one hour, focusing on areas: relevance and level of detail of the medical device development stages, involvement of economic methods, and applicability of the proposed model. Subsequently, the improvement and modification of the medical device investment process, based on respondents’ responses, were conducted. The authors have proposed the complexity model MedDee—Medical Devices Development by Economic Evaluation. This model is comprised of six phases: initiation, concept, design, production, final verification, and market disposition in which the economic methods are incorporated.
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16
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Ocampo JU, Kaminski PC. Medical device development, from technical design to integrated product development. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 43:287-304. [PMID: 31496341 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1653393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development process of medical devices (MDs) implies the integration of knowledge and skills from the fields of medicine and engineering. Such an integration is difficult because of lack of communication, mismatch of priorities and work-style differences among those fields. Besides, MD development has particularities that make the product development process (PDP) even more complex such as high level of regulations, concurrent technologies application as well as different end users requirements. In addition, these MDs are classified according to the level of risk they offer to users - low, medium and high - what makes their development project very complex in practice depending on the risk associated. For the specific case of SMEs in the broad mechanical and electronic area that develop physical MD with low and medium-risk levels, PDP models in place have proved to be not well fit to the reality they face. This research objective is to synthesise a PDP model for SMEs in the specific medical sector, by incorporating the best practices of the engineering area and particularities of the medical area. The methodology used was an extensive bibliographic analysis and field research conducted towards SMEs in the MD industry.
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Smith V, Warty R, Nair A, Krishnan S, Sursas JA, da Silva Costa F, Vollenhoven B, Wallace EM. Defining the clinician's role in early health technology assessment during medical device innovation - a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:514. [PMID: 31337393 PMCID: PMC6651962 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early Health Technology Assessment (EHTA) is an evolving field in health policy which aims to provide decision support and mitigate risk during early medical device innovation. The clinician is a key stakeholder in this process and their role has traditionally been confined to assessing device efficacy and safety alone. There is however, no data exploring their role in this process and how they can contribute towards it. This motivated us to carry out a systematic review to delineate the role of the clinician in EHTA as per the PRISMA guidelines. Methods A systematic search of peer reviewed literature was undertaken across PUBMED, OVID Medline and Web of science up till June 2018. Studies that were suitable for inclusion focused on clinician input in health technology assessment or early medical device innovation. A qualitative approach was utilised to generate themes on how clinicians could contribute in general and specific areas of EHTA. Data was manually extracted by the authors and themes were agreed in consensus using a grounded theory framework. The specific stages included: All stages of EHTA, Basic research on mechanisms, Targeting for specific product, Proof of principle and Prototype and product development. Bias was assessed utilising the NICE Qualitative checklist. Results A total of 33 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. Areas identified in which the clinicians could contribute to EHTA included: i) needs driven problem solving, ii) conformity assessment of MDs, iii) economic evaluation of MDs and iv) addressing the conflicts in interest. For clinicians’ input across the various specific areas of EHTA, an innovation framework was generated based on the subthemes extracted. Conclusions The following review has identified the various segments in which clinicians can contribute to EHTA to inform stakeholders and has also proposed an innovation framework. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4305-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, 252 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia. .,Biorithm Pte Ltd, 81 Ayer Rajah Crescent 03-53, Singapore, 139967, Singapore.
| | - Ritesh Warty
- Biorithm Pte Ltd, 81 Ayer Rajah Crescent 03-53, Singapore, 139967, Singapore
| | - Amrish Nair
- Biorithm Pte Ltd, 81 Ayer Rajah Crescent 03-53, Singapore, 139967, Singapore
| | - Sathya Krishnan
- Department of Paediatrics, Rockhampton Base Hospital, Canning Street, Rockhampton City, Queensland, 4700, Australia
| | - Joel Arun Sursas
- Biorithm Pte Ltd, 81 Ayer Rajah Crescent 03-53, Singapore, 139967, Singapore
| | - Fabricio da Silva Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, 252 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beverley Vollenhoven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, 252 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Euan Morrison Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, 252 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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18
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[Assessing the benefits of digital health solutions in the societal reimbursement context]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 61:340-348. [PMID: 29368121 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For a number of reasons, achieving reimbursability for digital health products has so far proven difficult. Demonstrating the benefits of the technology is the main hurdle in this context. The generally accepted evaluation processes, especially parallel group comparisons in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for (clinical) benefit assessment, are primarily intended to deal with questions of (added) medical benefit. In contrast to drugs or classical medical devices, users of digital health solutions often profit from gaining autonomy, increased awareness and mindfulness, better transparency in the provision of care, and improved comfort, although there are also digital solutions with an interventional character targeting clinical outcomes (e. g. for indications such as anorexia, depression). Commonly accepted methods for evaluating (clinical) benefits primarily rely on medical outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality, but do not adequately consider additional benefits unique to digital health. The challenge is therefore to develop evaluation designs that respect the particularities of digital health without reducing the validity of the evaluations (especially with respect to safety). There is an increasing need for concepts that include both continuous feedback loops for adapting and improving an application while at the same time generate sufficient evidence for complex benefit assessments. This approach may help improve risk benefit ratio assessments of digital health when it comes to implementing digital innovations in healthcare.
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Schwab T, Fassl B, Langell J. The Importance of Design Validation in Global Health Surgical Innovation. Surg Innov 2018; 25:1553350618814644. [PMID: 30461340 DOI: 10.1177/1553350618814644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical technology development requires an understanding of user needs and environmental requirements. Accurately capturing market requirements, user needs, and design specifications are multifactorial and challenging. On-site observation and design validation may lead to development of more effective solutions to improve health care. This study was designed to evaluate the value of design validation for medical devices developed to address global medical needs. METHODS Observational comparative analysis and survey studies were used to collect data involving multiple stakeholder viewpoints. User needs, market requirements, and design inputs were created using standard operating procedures in accordance with US FDA-21 CFR 820. Design requirements included user needs, product description, regulatory standards, functional requirements, performance and physical requirements, use environment, human-system interfacing, conceptual designs, and market analysis. A random population-based cohort sample in India was used to conduct a semi-longitudinal assessment of exposure-outcome relations from device prototype use and design validation. Seventy-two subjects were observed for a 4-week duration. After validation, each component of the traceability matrix was either marked "no change," "significant change," or "new addition" as defined in the methods section. RESULTS A total of 198 design requirements and specifications were evaluated for each device. Eleven percent of the final design requirements and specifications were "new additions" and 12% were "significant changes." CONCLUSION Assessment of design requirements and specifications in the global environment improves medical device design quality and safety. This study validates environmental immersion in the target use environment early to ensure validation of user needs and design specifications during design conception.
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Mugambi ML, Peter T, F Martins S, Giachetti C. How to implement new diagnostic products in low-resource settings: an end-to-end framework. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000914. [PMID: 30498586 PMCID: PMC6254739 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostics developers often face challenges introducing in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) products to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) because of difficulty in accessing robust market data, navigating policy and regulatory requirements and implementing and supporting products in healthcare systems with limited infrastructure. Best practices recommend the use of a phase-gate model with defined activities and milestones by phase to successfully move a product from concept to commercialisation. While activities for commercialisation of products in high-income countries (HICs) are well understood, the activities required for introduction of IVDs in LMICs are not. In this paper, we identify the key activities needed for IVD product development and implementation and map them to the various phases of the model, paying particular attention to those activities that might be conducted differently in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Peter
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Cristina Giachetti
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.,AdvantDx, San Diego, California, USA
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21
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Assessment of Forces in Intradermal Injection Devices: Hydrodynamic Versus Human Factors. Pharm Res 2018; 35:120. [PMID: 29671074 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The force that has to be exerted on the plunger for administering a given amount of fluid in a given time, has an important influence on comfort for the subject and usability for the administrator in intradermal drug delivery. The purpose of this study is to model those forces that are subject-independent, by linking needle and syringe geometry to the force required for ejecting a given fluid at a given ejection rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS We extend the well-known Hagen-Poiseuille formula to predict pressure drop induced by a fluid passing through a cylindrical body. The model investigates the relation between the pressure drop in needles and the theoretic Hagen-Poiseuille prediction and is validated in fifteen needles from 26G up to 33G suited for intradermal drug delivery. We also provide a method to assess forces exerted by operators in real world conditions. RESULTS The model is highly linear in each individual needle with R-square values ranging from 75% up to 99.9%. Ten out of fifteen needles exhibit R-square values above 99%. A proof-of-concept for force assessment is provided by logging forces in operators in real life conditions. CONCLUSIONS The force assessment method and the model can be used to pinpoint needle geometry for intradermal injection devices, tuning comfort for subjects and usability for operators.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary healthcare nurses increasingly rely on innovative technology for assessment, treatment, and patient self-management. Funding opportunities as well are increasingly steering toward technology development and innovation. Health researchers, including nursing scientists, who are engaged in medical device innovation need to assess the state of the art of current technology. This requires an intellectual property analysis, or patent search, which is not covered by the types of literature reviews customarily used in health science research. PURPOSE The purposes of this article are to illustrate a methodical review of worldwide patents and to show how those results can be used to identify possible products available for use. APPROACH An application of peak flow meters for use by patients with asthma is used to illustrate the process. The Derwent Innovations Index interface with keyword searching is illustrated, as is the use of Google Patents. From the 14 patent document results, six possible technologies were identified. The patent search revealed innovations in asthma peak flow meters for use in future research and identified future directions for device development. DISCUSSION These results support the claim that patent literature must be included in reviews that seek to identify technology state-of-the-art healthcare applications and that advances in the nursing research paradigm should include patents as background and scholarly products.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Medical devices and innovative technology promise to revolutionize health care. Despite the importance of involving nurses in the collaborative medical device development processes, there are few learning opportunities in nursing programs. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual guide for nurse educators and researchers to engage nursing expertise in medical device development processes. METHOD A review of the literature guided the creation of the "Strengthening the Role of Nurses in Medical Device Development Roadmap" model. The model was used to describe how nurses can be engaged in multidisciplinary design of medical devices. An academic transdisciplinary team piloted the application of the model. RESULTS The model includes the stages of needs assessment, planned brainstorm, feasibility determination, concept design, and prototype building. A transdisciplinary team case study of improving an asthma home-monitoring devices illustrates effective application of the model. CONCLUSION Nurse leaders in the academic setting can effectively use the "Strengthening the Role of Nurses in Medical Device Development Roadmap" to inform their engagement of nurses in early medical device development and innovation processes.
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SEIDLE RUSSELL. ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING SEQUENCES IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE BIOPHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL DEVICE SECTORS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1363919615400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organisations engage in various activities designed to foster effective learning. Three forms of learning with important implications for the innovation process are experiential (whereby firms gain relevant insights through direct experience with patterns of action), vicarious (observation of external activities, with inference and other attributions being employed to reconstruct the underlying processes) and inter-organisational (direct contact with outside entities). This paper examines the influence of these forms of learning throughout the process of technological innovation. Using interview and archival data from 11 innovation projects in biopharmaceuticals and medical devices, I uncover evidence of three distinct learning sequences: (1) intensive-externalising (IE); (2) intensive-internalising (II); and (3) expansive-internalising (EI). The sequences vary both in the breadth of learning forms utilised and in the degree to which resultant knowledge is internalised as subsequent innovations are pursued. These findings offer useful insights into the locus and sources of learning for innovation processes in technologically complex settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- RUSSELL SEIDLE
- Sawyer Business School, Suffolk University, 8 Ashburton Place, Boston, MA 02108, USA
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25
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Hagedorn TJ, Grosse IR, Krishnamurty S. A concept ideation framework for medical device design. J Biomed Inform 2015; 55:218-30. [PMID: 25956618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medical device design is a challenging process, often requiring collaboration between medical and engineering domain experts. This collaboration can be best institutionalized through systematic knowledge transfer between the two domains coupled with effective knowledge management throughout the design innovation process. Toward this goal, we present the development of a semantic framework for medical device design that unifies a large medical ontology with detailed engineering functional models along with the repository of design innovation information contained in the US Patent Database. As part of our development, existing medical, engineering, and patent document ontologies were modified and interlinked to create a comprehensive medical device innovation and design tool with appropriate properties and semantic relations to facilitate knowledge capture, enrich existing knowledge, and enable effective knowledge reuse for different scenarios. The result is a Concept Ideation Framework for Medical Device Design (CIFMeDD). Key features of the resulting framework include function-based searching and automated inter-domain reasoning to uniquely enable identification of functionally similar procedures, tools, and inventions from multiple domains based on simple semantic searches. The significance and usefulness of the resulting framework for aiding in conceptual design and innovation in the medical realm are explored via two case studies examining medical device design problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hagedorn
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 160 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Ian R Grosse
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 160 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Sundar Krishnamurty
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 160 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Developing sustainable global health technologies: insight from an initiative to address neonatal hypothermia. J Public Health Policy 2014; 36:24-40. [PMID: 25355235 DOI: 10.1057/jphp.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Relative to drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines, efforts to develop other global health technologies, such as medical devices, are limited and often focus on the short-term goal of prototype development instead of the long-term goal of a sustainable business model. To develop a medical device to address neonatal hypothermia for use in resource-limited settings, we turned to principles of design theory: (1) define the problem with consideration of appropriate integration into relevant health policies, (2) identify the users of the technology and the scenarios in which the technology would be used, and (3) use a highly iterative product design and development process that incorporates the perspective of the user of the technology at the outset and addresses scalability. In contrast to our initial idea, to create a single device, the process guided us to create two separate devices, both strikingly different from current solutions. We offer insights from our initial experience that may be helpful to others engaging in global health technology development.
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27
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Hampton DR. Steps required to inclusion in commercial ECG analysis systems — the new ECG indices for quantitating extent, acuteness and severity of acute myocardial ischemia for facilitating emergency triage decisions. J Electrocardiol 2014; 47:577-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Santos ICT, Gazelle GS, Rocha LA, Tavares JMRS. Modeling of the medical device development process. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 9:537-43. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bruzzi MS, Linehan JH. BioInnovate Ireland—Fostering Entrepreneurial Activity Through Medical Device Innovation Training. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:1834-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shimanuki S, Saiki T. Technological diversity management of medical device enterprises. JOURNAL OF STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1108/17554251211276380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge creation and technological diversity management by medical device manufacturers, to identify strategic directions for innovation in the medical device field.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses two types of data to assess the importance of multiple technologies and technological diversity in product development: patent applications and approvals of medical devices for sale and use in medical treatment. Additional perspective is provided by the results of a survey of management styles.FindingsWhile knowledge‐creating innovation frequently combines multiple technologies, the scope of technological diversity, the variety of types of technology combined may be wider in low‐risk than in high‐risk innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is too small to justify claims of statistical significance. This research should be extended to incorporate more cases and explore the theme in greater depth.Practical implicationsCompanies that choose a high‐risk strategy are likely to be more focused on related multiple technologies with which their researchers are already familiar. Conversely, companies that choose a low‐risk strategy may have more room to experiment since, if something goes wrong, the risk to patient health is lower. Innovative medical device enterprise to seek high‐risk device development is proposed to manage optimal diversity for it.Originality/valueThis paper analyses two case studies relevant to growing interest in technological diversity and knowledge management in knowledge‐driven innovation in the medical device industry in Japan.
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Huot L, Decullier E, Aulagner G, Chapuis F. Structure de soutien à l’évaluation clinique des dispositifs médicaux : expérience pilote en région Rhône-Alpes. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2012; 70:264-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martin JL, Barnett J. Integrating the results of user research into medical device development: insights from a case study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2012; 12:74. [PMID: 22812565 PMCID: PMC3444354 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6947-12-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that considering users is an important aspect of medical device development. However it is also well established that there are numerous barriers to successfully conducting user research and integrating the results into product development. It is not sufficient to simply conduct user research, it must also be effectively integrated into product development. METHODS A case study of the development of a new medical imaging device was conducted to examine in detail how users were involved in a medical device development project. Two user research studies were conducted: a requirements elicitation interview study and an early prototype evaluation using contextual inquiry. A descriptive in situ approach was taken to investigate how these studies contributed to the product development process and how the results of this work influenced the development of the technology. Data was collected qualitatively through interviews with the development team, participant observation at development meetings and document analysis. The focus was on investigating the barriers that exist to prevent user data from being integrated into product development. RESULTS A number of individual, organisational and system barriers were identified that functioned to prevent the results of the user research being fully integrated into development. The user and technological aspects of development were seen as separate work streams during development. The expectations of the developers were that user research would collect requirements for the appearance of the device, rather than challenge its fundamental concept. The manner that the user data was communicated to the development team was not effective in conveying the significance or breadth of the findings. CONCLUSION There are a range of informal and formal organisational processes that can affect the uptake of user data during medical device development. Adopting formal decision making processes may assist manufacturers to take a more integrated and reflective approach to development, which should result in improved business decisions and a higher quality end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Martin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Pietzsch JB, Zanchi MG, Linehan JH. Medical Device Innovators and the 510(k) Regulatory Pathway: Implications of a Survey-Based Assessment of Industry Experience. J Med Device 2012. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical device regulation plays a significant role in promoting and protecting the public health. But the regulatory process and its requirements also exercise substantial influence over the design, development, and commercialization of new medical technologies. In recent months, FDA’s premarket notification (510(k)) process, through which the majority of medical devices are cleared to the market, has been at the forefront of policy discussions, and efforts are continuing to further analyze and strengthen the process. In this paper, we report findings from our recently completed, comprehensive, industry-wide survey to provide input and perspective for the current discussions about changes to the 510(k) process. The findings reported here focus on five aspects of the 510(k) process with principal relevance to medical technology developers and innovators: predictability of the process, impact of regulatory requirements, role of guidance documents, interaction with FDA, and international comparisons. The results confirm the substantial influence of regulatory requirements on investment decisions and development priorities. The data suggest that improvement of regulatory process predictability needs to be a top priority for all stakeholders – especially FDA. Increasing the number of guidance documents available to industry, and ensuring that their content is timely updated to reflect current FDA thinking, could be one way to achieve this goal. Consistent implementation of the regulatory process and enhanced communications between sponsors and the agency could further contribute to improvements, along with efforts to provide additional training opportunities for reviewers and industry personnel. The survey data suggest that small companies, when compared to large companies, are particularly challenged by the current process, and should therefore receive particular attention in any reform and improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Pietzsch
- Wing Tech Inc., 42808 Christy Street, Suite 230, Fremont, CA, 94538
- Stanford University Program in Biodesign, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, E-100, Stanford, CA, 94305-5428
| | - Marta G. Zanchi
- Medinnovo, LLC., 333 West Santa Clara Street, San Jose, CA, 95113; Wing Tech Inc., 42808 Christy Street, Suite 230, Fremont, CA, 94538
| | - John H. Linehan
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208
- Stanford University Program in Biodesign, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, E-100, Stanford, CA, 94305-5428
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Linehan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ari Chaney
- Biodesign Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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