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Taggart MS, Tchir A, Van Dieren L, Chen H, Hassan M, Taveras C, Lellouch AG, Toner M, Sandlin RD, Uygun K. Parallelized Droplet Vitrification Enables Single-Run Vitrification of the Whole Rat Liver Hepatocyte Yield. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.14.603471. [PMID: 39071342 PMCID: PMC11275928 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.14.603471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Drug discovery pipelines rely on the availability of isolated primary hepatocytes for investigating potential hepatotoxicity prior to clinical application. These hepatocytes are typically isolated from livers rejected for transplantation and subsequently cryopreserved for later usage. The gold-standard cryopreservation technique, slow-freezing, is a labor-intensive process, with significant post-storage viability loss. In this work, we introduce parallelized droplet vitrification, a technique for high-volumetric, rapid vitrification of suspended cells. We show the utility of this technique through the single-run vitrification of the whole-rate liver hepatocyte yield, resulting in a 1600% increase in single-batch vitrification and a 500% increase in droplet generation rate compared to previous droplet vitrification approaches. Additionally, we showed that these implementations maintained improved post-preservation outcomes in primary rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Taggart
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Tchir
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA
| | - L Van Dieren
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Chen
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Hassan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Taveras
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A G Lellouch
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- INSERM UMRS 1140 Innovation Thérapeutique en Hémostase, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R D Sandlin
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - K Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Shriners Children's Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Parker JT, Consiglio AN, Rubinsky B, Mäkiharju SA. Direct comparison of isobaric and isochoric vitrification of two aqueous solutions with photon counting X-ray computed tomography. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104839. [PMID: 38097056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification is a promising approach for ice-free cryopreservation of biological material, but progress is hindered by the limited set of experimental tools for studying processes in the interior of the vitrified matter. Isochoric cryopreservation chambers are often metallic, and their opacity prevents direct visual observation. In this study, we introduce photon counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) to compare the effects of rigid isochoric and unconfined isobaric conditions on vitrification and ice formation during cooling of two aqueous solutions: 50 wt% DMSO and a coral vitrification solution, CVS1. Previous studies have only compared vitrification in isochoric systems with isobaric systems that have an exposed air-liquid interface. We use a movable piston to replicate the surface and thermal boundary conditions of the isochoric system yet maintain isobaric conditions. When controlling for the boundary conditions we find that similar ice and vapor volume fractions form during cooling in isochoric and isobaric conditions. Interestingly, we observe distinct ice and vapor cavity morphology in the isochoric systems, possibly due to vapor outgassing or cavitation as rapid cooling causes the pressure to drop in the confined systems. These observations highlight the array of thermal-fluid processes that occur during vitrification in confined aqueous systems and motivate the further application of imaging techniques such as photon counting X-ray CT in fundamental studies of vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Parker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Simo A Mäkiharju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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3
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Guo Z, Zuchowicz N, Bouwmeester J, Joshi AS, Neisch AL, Smith K, Daly J, Etheridge ML, Finger EB, Kodandaramaiah SB, Hays TS, Hagedorn M, Bischof JC. Conduction-Dominated Cryomesh for Organism Vitrification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303317. [PMID: 38018294 PMCID: PMC10797434 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitrification-based cryopreservation is a promising approach to achieving long-term storage of biological systems for maintaining biodiversity, healthcare, and sustainable food production. Using the "cryomesh" system achieves rapid cooling and rewarming of biomaterials, but further improvement in cooling rates is needed to increase biosystem viability and the ability to cryopreserve new biosystems. Improved cooling rates and viability are possible by enabling conductive cooling through cryomesh. Conduction-dominated cryomesh improves cooling rates from twofold to tenfold (i.e., 0.24 to 1.2 × 105 °C min-1 ) in a variety of biosystems. Higher thermal conductivity, smaller mesh wire diameter and pore size, and minimizing the nitrogen vapor barrier (e.g., vertical plunging in liquid nitrogen) are key parameters to achieving improved vitrification. Conduction-dominated cryomesh successfully vitrifies coral larvae, Drosophila embryos, and zebrafish embryos with improved outcomes. Not only a theoretical foundation for improved vitrification in µm to mm biosystems but also the capability to scale up for biorepositories and/or agricultural, aquaculture, or scientific use are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Guo
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Nikolas Zuchowicz
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Jessica Bouwmeester
- Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of HawaiiKaneoheHI96744USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVA22630USA
| | - Amey S. Joshi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Amanda L. Neisch
- Department of GeneticsCell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Kieran Smith
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Taronga Conservation Society AustraliaMosmanNew South Wales2088Australia
- School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South Wales2033Australia
| | - Michael L. Etheridge
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Erik B. Finger
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Suhasa B. Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Graduate Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Thomas S. Hays
- Department of GeneticsCell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of HawaiiKaneoheHI96744USA
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVA22630USA
| | - John C. Bischof
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
- Institute for Engineering in MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
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4
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Pan J, Zeng Q, Peng K, Zhou Y, Shu Z. Review of Rewarming Methods for Cryopreservation. Biopreserv Biobank 2023. [PMID: 37751240 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most effective technology for the long-term preservation of biological materials, including cells, tissues, and even organs in the future. The process of cooling and rewarming is essential to the successful preservation of biological materials. One of the critical problems in the development of cryopreservation is the optimization of effective rewarming technologies. This article reviewed rewarming methods, including traditional boundary rewarming commonly used for small-volume biological materials and other advanced techniques that could be potentially feasible for organ preservation in the future. The review focused on various rewarming technique principles, typical applications, and their possible limitations for cryopreservation of biological materials. This article introduced nanowarming methods in the progressing optimization and the possible difficulties. The trends of novel rewarming methods were discussed, and suggestions were given for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Shuda College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiquan Shu
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, USA
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Zhan L, Han Z, Shao Q, Etheridge ML, Hays T, Bischof JC. Rapid joule heating improves vitrification based cryopreservation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6017. [PMID: 36224179 PMCID: PMC9556611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation by vitrification has far-reaching implications. However, rewarming techniques that are rapid and scalable (both in throughput and biosystem size) for low concentrations of cryoprotective agent (CPA) for reduced toxicity are lacking, limiting the potential for translation. Here, we introduce a joule heating-based platform technology, whereby biosystems are rapidly rewarmed by contact with an electrical conductor that is fed a voltage pulse. We demonstrate successful cryopreservation of three model biosystems with thicknesses across three orders of magnitude, including adherent cells (~4 µm), Drosophila melanogaster embryos (~50 µm) and rat kidney slices (~1.2 mm) using low CPA concentrations (2-4 M). Using tunable voltage pulse widths from 10 µs to 100 ms, numerical simulation predicts that warming rates from 5 × 104 to 6 × 108 °C/min can be achieved. Altogether, our results present a general solution to the cryopreservation of a broad spectrum of cellular, organismal and tissue-based biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zonghu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael L Etheridge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Hays
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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6
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Alvarez C, Berrospe-Rodriguez C, Wu C, Pasek-Allen J, Khosla K, Bischof J, Mangolini L, Aguilar G. Photothermal heating of titanium nitride nanomaterials for fast and uniform laser warming of cryopreserved biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:957481. [PMID: 36091458 PMCID: PMC9455577 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.957481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) is presented as an alternative plasmonic nanomaterial to the commonly used gold (Au) for its potential use in laser rewarming of cryopreserved biomaterials. The rewarming of vitrified, glass like state, cryopreserved biomaterials is a delicate process as potential ice formation leads to mechanical stress and cracking on a macroscale, and damage to cell walls and DNA on a microscale, ultimately leading to the destruction of the biomaterial. The use of plasmonic nanomaterials dispersed in cryoprotective agent solutions to rapidly convert optical radiation into heat, generally supplied by a focused laser beam, proposes a novel approach to overcome this difficulty. This study focuses on the performance of TiN nanoparticles (NPs), since they present high thermal stability and are inexpensive compared to Au. To uniformly warm up the nanomaterial solutions, a beam splitting laser system was developed to heat samples from multiple sides with equal beam energy distribution. In addition, uniform laser warming requires equal distribution of absorption and scattering properties in the nanomaterials. Preliminary results demonstrated higher absorption but less scattering in TiN NPs than Au nanorods (GNRs). This led to the development of TiN clusters, synthetized by nanoparticle agglomeration, to increase the scattering cross-section of the material. Overall, this study analyzed the heating rate, thermal efficiency, and heating uniformity of TiN NPs and clusters in comparison to GNRs at different solution concentrations. TiN NPs and clusters demonstrated higher heating rates and solution temperatures, while only clusters led to a significantly improved uniformity in heating. These results highlight a promising alternative plasmonic nanomaterial to rewarm cryopreserved biological systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crysthal Alvarez
- J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Carla Berrospe-Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Chaolumen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Pasek-Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kanav Khosla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lorenzo Mangolini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Mangolini, ; Guillermo Aguilar,
| | - Guillermo Aguilar
- J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Mangolini, ; Guillermo Aguilar,
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