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Jackman MJ, Li W, Smith A, Workman D, Treacher KE, Corrigan A, Abdulrazzaq F, Sonzini S, Nazir Z, Lawrence MJ, Mahmoudi N, Cant D, Counsell J, Cairns J, Ferguson D, Lenz E, Baquain S, Madla CM, van Pelt S, Moss J, Peter A, Puri S, Ashford M, Mazza M. Impact of the physical-chemical properties of poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) polymeric nanoparticles on biodistribution. J Control Release 2024; 365:491-506. [PMID: 38030083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) formulations are inherently polydisperse making their structural characterization and justification of specifications complex. It is essential, however, to gain an understanding of the physico-chemical properties that drive performance in vivo. To elucidate these properties, drug-containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block polymeric NP formulations (or PNPs) were sub-divided into discrete size fractions and analyzed using a combination of advanced techniques, namely cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Together, these techniques revealed a uniquely detailed picture of PNP size, surface structure, internal molecular architecture and the preferred site(s) of incorporation of the hydrophobic drug, AZD5991, properties which cannot be accessed via conventional characterization methodologies. Within the PNP size distribution, it was shown that the smallest PNPs contained significantly less drug than their larger sized counterparts, reducing overall drug loading, while PNP molecular architecture was critical in understanding the nature of in vitro drug release. The effect of PNP size and structure on drug biodistribution was determined by administrating selected PNP size fractions to mice, with the smaller sized NP fractions increasing the total drug-plasma concentration area under the curve and reducing drug concentrations in liver and spleen, due to greater avoidance of the reticuloendothelial system. In contrast, administration of unfractionated PNPs, containing a large population of NPs with extremely low drug load, did not significantly impact the drug's pharmacokinetic behavior - a significant result for nanomedicine development where a uniform formulation is usually an important driver. We also demonstrate how, in this study, it is not practicable to validate the bioanalytical methodology for drug released in vivo due to the NP formulation properties, a process which is applicable for most small molecule-releasing nanomedicines. In conclusion, this work details a strategy for determining the effect of formulation variability on in vivo performance, thereby informing the translation of PNPs, and other NPs, from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Jackman
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Weimin Li
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Smith
- DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Workman
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin E Treacher
- New Modalities & Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Adam Corrigan
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fadi Abdulrazzaq
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Sonzini
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zahid Nazir
- New Modalities & Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry and the North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - David Cant
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Cairns
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doug Ferguson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Eva Lenz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saif Baquain
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine M Madla
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sally van Pelt
- Business, Planning & Operations, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Moss
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Peter
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Mariarosa Mazza
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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Marques SS, Cant DJH, Minelli C, Segundo MA. Combining orthogonal measurements to unveil diclofenac encapsulation into polymeric and lipid nanocarriers. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1262:341234. [PMID: 37179055 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of the drug associated to nanoparticle carriers, often expressed in terms of encapsulation efficiency, is a regulatory requirement. The establishment of independent methods to evaluate this parameter provides a means for measurement validation, which is critical in providing confidence in the methods and enabling the robust characterization of nanomedicines. Chromatography is traditionally used to measure drug encapsulation into nanoparticles. Here, we describe an additional independent strategy based on analytical centrifugation. The encapsulation of diclofenac into nanocarriers was quantified based on the mass difference between placebo (i.e. unloaded) and loaded nanoparticles. This difference was estimated using particle densities measured by differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and size and concentration values measured by particle tracking analysis (PTA). The proposed strategy was applied to two types of formulations, namely poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, which were analysed by DCS operated in sedimentation and flotation modes, respectively. The results were compared to those from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was used to elucidate the surface chemical composition of the placebo and loaded nanoparticles. The proposed approach enables the monitoring of batch-to-batch consistency and the quantification of diclofenac association to PLGA nanoparticles from 0.7 ng to 5 ng of drug per 1 μg of PLGA, with good linear correlation between DCS and HPLC results (R2 = 0.975). Using the same approach, similar quantification in lipid nanocarriers was possible for a loading of diclofenac ≥1.1 ng per 1 μg of lipids, with results in agreement with the HPLC method (R2 = 0.971). Hence, the strategy proposed here expands the analytical tools available for evaluating nanoparticles encapsulation efficiency, being thus significant for increasing the robustness of drug-delivery nanocarriers characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Marques
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - David J H Cant
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Minelli
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Copper nanoparticles and their oxides: optical, anticancer and antibacterial properties. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Radnik J, Knigge X, Andresen E, Resch-Genger U, Cant DJH, Shard AG, Clifford CA. Composition, thickness, and homogeneity of the coating of core-shell nanoparticles-possibilities, limits, and challenges of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4331-4345. [PMID: 35471249 PMCID: PMC9142455 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Core–shell nanoparticles have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique properties and their increasing importance in many technological and consumer products. However, the chemistry of nanoparticles is still rarely investigated in comparison to their size and morphology. In this review, the possibilities, limits, and challenges of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for obtaining more insights into the composition, thickness, and homogeneity of nanoparticle coatings are discussed with four examples: CdSe/CdS quantum dots with a thick coating and a small core; NaYF4-based upconverting nanoparticles with a large Yb-doped core and a thin Er-doped coating; and two types of polymer nanoparticles with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) core with either a poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene coating. Different approaches for calculating the thickness of the coating are presented, like a simple numerical modelling or a more complex simulation of the photoelectron peaks. Additionally, modelling of the XPS background for the investigation of coating is discussed. Furthermore, the new possibilities to measure with varying excitation energies or with hard-energy X-ray sources (hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) are described. A discussion about the sources of uncertainty for the determination of the thickness of the coating completes this review. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Radnik
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (BAM), Division 6.1 "Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry", Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xenia Knigge
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (BAM), Division 6.1 "Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry", Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elina Andresen
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Division 1.2 "Biophotonics", Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Division 1.2 "Biophotonics", Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J H Cant
- National Physical Laboratory, Surface Technology Group, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Alex G Shard
- National Physical Laboratory, Surface Technology Group, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Charles A Clifford
- National Physical Laboratory, Surface Technology Group, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
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Letchumanan D, Sok SPM, Ibrahim S, Nagoor NH, Arshad NM. Plant-Based Biosynthesis of Copper/Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: An Update on Their Applications in Biomedicine, Mechanisms, and Toxicity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040564. [PMID: 33921379 PMCID: PMC8069291 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are rich in phytoconstituent biomolecules that served as a good source of medicine. More recently, they have been employed in synthesizing metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) due to their capping and reducing properties. This green synthesis approach is environmentally friendly and allows the production of the desired NPs in different sizes and shapes by manipulating parameters during the synthesis process. The most commonly used metals and oxides are gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). Among these, Cu is a relatively low-cost metal that is more cost-effective than Au and Ag. In this review, we present an overview and current update of plant-mediated Cu/copper oxide (CuO) NPs, including their synthesis, medicinal applications, and mechanisms. Furthermore, the toxic effects of these NPs and their efficacy compared to commercial NPs are reviewed. This review provides an insight into the potential of developing plant-based Cu/CuO NPs as a therapeutic agent for various diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanthiran Letchumanan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
| | - Sophia P. M. Sok
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza Mohd Arshad
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Hanley T, Yin R, Mac JT, Tan W, Anvari B. Functionalized erythrocyte-derived optical nanoparticles to target ephrin-B2 ligands. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 31429216 PMCID: PMC6983482 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.8.085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over- or under-expression of erythropoietin-production human hepatocellular receptors (Eph) and their ligands are associated with various diseases. Therefore, these molecular biomarkers can potentially be used as binding targets for the delivery of therapeutic and/or imaging agents to cells characterized by such irregular expressions. We have engineered nanoparticles derived from erythrocytes and doped with the near-infrared (NIR) FDA-approved dye, indocyanine green. We refer to these nanoparticles as NIR erythrocyte-derived transducers (NETs). We functionalized the NETs with the ligand-binding domain of a particular Eph receptor, EphB1, to target the genetically modified human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hDMVECs) with coexpression of EphB1 receptor and its ligand ephrin-B2. This cell model mimics the pathological phenotypes of lesional endothelial cells (ECs) in port wine stains (PWSs). Our quantitative fluorescence imaging results demonstrate that such functionalized NETs bind to the ephrin-B2 ligands on these hDMVECs in a dose-dependent manner that varies sigmoidally with the number density of the particles. These nanoparticles may potentially serve as agents to target PWS lesional ECs and other diseases characterized with over-expression of Eph receptors or their associated ligands to mediate phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hanley
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Rong Yin
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jenny T. Mac
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Biochemistry, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Wenbin Tan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, California, United States
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Chen F, Haddour N, Frenea-Robin M, Chevolot Y, Monnier V. Polyamidoamine Dendrimers as Crosslinkers for Efficient Electron Transfer between Redox Probes onto Magnetic Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feixiong Chen
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Ecully, F- 69130 France
| | - Naoufel Haddour
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5005; Laboratoire Ampère; Ecully, F- 69130 France
| | - Marie Frenea-Robin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5005; Laboratoire Ampère; Villeurbanne, F- 69622 France
| | - Yann Chevolot
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Ecully, F- 69130 France
| | - Virginie Monnier
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Ecully, F- 69130 France
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Vankayala R, Corber SR, Mac JT, Rao MP, Shafie M, Anvari B. Erythrocyte-Derived Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Agent for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Thrombolysis of Blood Clots. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1700379. [PMID: 29479820 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot obstructs or narrows the arteries that supply blood to the brain. Currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a thrombolytic agent, is the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacologic treatment for ischemic stroke. Despite its effective usage, the major limitation of tPA that stems from its short half-life in plasma (≈5 min) is the potential for increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. To circumvent these limitations, herein, the first proof-of-principle demonstration of a theranostic nanoconstruct system derived from erythrocytes doped with the FDA-approved near-infrared (NIR) imaging agent, indocyanine green, and surface-functionalized with tPA is reported. Using a clot model, the dual functionality of these nanoconstructs in NIR fluorescence imaging and clot lysis is demonstrated. These biomimetic theranostic nanoconstructs may ultimately be effective in imaging and treatment of blood clots involved in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviraj Vankayala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Samantha R Corber
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jenny T Mac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Masaru P Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mohammad Shafie
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, 200 S. Manchester Ave. Ste 206, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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