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Marković L, Ivanišević A, Matijević J, Chan RSM, Tsoi JKH, Šnjarić D, Gjorgievska E. Micro-CT analysis and leakage of bioceramic retrofillings after ultrasonic and Er:YAG laser cavity preparations: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:145. [PMID: 37347307 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of preparation techniques on marginal adaptation and sealing of Biodentine™ and TotalFill® RRM bioceramic retrograde fillings. Fifty-two single-root teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were used. Root canals were instrumented using Reciproc Blue #25 and obturated using a single cone technique with an AH Plus® root canal sealer. Retrograde cavities were prepared with Piezomed device (Piezo), Er:YAG laser in short-pulse(SP) and quantum square pulse(QSP) modes and filled with Biodentine™ (BD) or TotalFill® RRM (TF). There were 6 groups (n=8): (1) Piezo BD, (2) Piezo TF, (3) SP BD, (4) SP TF, (5) QSP BD, and (6) QSP TF, and positive and negative controls (n=2). Micro-CT analysis was performed on two samples from each group. Percentage volumes of internal and external voids in apical 1.5 mm were determined. Rhodamine B dye leakage was done on six samples. The samples were cut longitudinally and examined under a stereomicroscope. Digital recordings were analyzed in ImageJ software. The deepest penetration of color in mm was recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test at the level of significance α=0.05. TotalFill® RRM performed significantly better than Biodentine™ in terms of sealing (p<0.05) and marginal adaptation, as evaluated by micro-CT. Sealing was significantly better in SP compared to QSP mode preparations (p<0.05). Differences between Piezomed and laser modes were not significantly different (p>0.05). Sealing was statistically significantly better with TotalFill® RRM compared to Biodentine™ and in Er:YAG SP preparations compared to Er:YAG QSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Ivanišević
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jurica Matijević
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rosalind Sin Man Chan
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Damir Šnjarić
- Department for Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Elizabeta Gjorgievska
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius" Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Wurm H, Schuler PJ, Hausladen F, Graesslin R, Hoffmann TK, Stock K, Reins EF. Comparative ex vivo Investigations on the Cutting Quality of the CO 2 Laser and the Diode Pumped Er:YAG Laser. Front Surg 2021; 8:764450. [PMID: 34970590 PMCID: PMC8712430 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.764450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: A sufficient histological evaluation is a key pillar in oncological treatment, especially in situations of cancer of unknown primary. CO2 laser technology is used in clinical routine of soft tissue surgery because of its cutting quality and availability. Diode pumped solid state Er(bium):YAG laser systems promise a higher cutting efficiency and minor thermal damages. The aim of this study was to compare both laser systems with respect to their suitability for cutting soft tissue. Methods: A setup was realized which enables comparable experiments with the clinical CO2 laser (AcuPulse 40ST DUO, Lumenis) and the Er:YAG laser system (DPM 40, Pantec Biosolutions AG). Fresh mucosal samples of porcine tongues were used to determine the influence of laser power and sample velocity on cutting depth and thermal damage width for both lasers. In addition, for the Er:YAG laser, the influence of the pulse repetition rate was examined additionally. For analysis, images of histological sections were taken. Results: In all experiments, the Er:YAG laser shows a significantly higher cutting depth (P < 0.0001) and less thermal damage width (P < 0.0001) than the CO2 laser. For example, at an average power of 7.7 W and a sample velocity of 5 mm/s the Er:YAG laser shows a mean cutting depth of 1.1 mm compared to the CO2 laser with 500 μm. While the Er:YAG laser shows a mean thermal damage width of 70 μm compared to 120 μm. Furthermore, the Er:YAG enables the adjustment of the cutting depth and thermal damage width by varying the irradiation parameters. A decrease of the repetition rate leads to a reduction of thermal damage. For example, a repetition rate of 100 Hz results in a thermal damage width of 46 μm compared to 87 μm at 800 Hz at an average power of 7.7 W and a cutting velocity = 5 mm/s while a homogenous cutting quality can be achieved. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of these ex vivo experiments demonstrate significant advantages of the diode pumped Er:YAG laser system for soft tissue ablation compared to the CO2 laser, in particular regarding cutting efficiency and thermal damage width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Wurm
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Johannes Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Hausladen
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - René Graesslin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Karl Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl Stock
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Ge S, Dupuy LX, MacDonald MP. In situ laser manipulation of root tissues in transparent soil. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 468:475-489. [PMID: 34789948 PMCID: PMC8580905 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Laser micromanipulation such as dissection or optical trapping enables remote physical modification of the activity of tissues, cells and organelles. To date, applications of laser manipulation to plant roots grown in soil have been limited. Here, we show laser manipulation can be applied in situ when plant roots are grown in transparent soil. METHODS We have developed a Q-switched laser manipulation and imaging instrument to perform controlled dissection of roots and to study light-induced root growth responses. We performed a detailed characterisation of the properties of the cutting beams through the soil, studying dissection and optical ablation. Furthermore, we also studied the use of low light doses to control the root elongation rate of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) in air, agar, gel and transparent soil. RESULTS We show that whilst soil inhomogeneities affect the thickness and circularity of the beam, those distortions are not inherently limiting. The ability to induce changes in root elongation or complete dissection of microscopic regions of the root is robust to substrate heterogeneity and microscopy set up and is maintained following the limited distortions induced by the transparent soil environment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that controlled in situ laser dissection of root tissues is possible with a simple and low-cost optical set-up. We also show that, in the absence of dissection, a reduced laser light power density can provide reversible control of root growth, achieving a precise "point and shoot" method for root manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ge
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Lionel X. Dupuy
- Neiker, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Berreaga 1, 48.160, Derio, Spain
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michael P. MacDonald
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
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Hamidi A, Bayhaqi YA, Canbaz F, Navarini AA, Cattin PC, Zam A. Long-range optical coherence tomography with extended depth-of-focus: a visual feedback system for smart laser osteotomy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2118-2133. [PMID: 33996219 PMCID: PMC8086437 DOI: 10.1364/boe.414300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a long-range and extended depth-of-focus optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a Bessel-like beam (BLB) as a visual feedback system during laser osteotomy. We used a swept-source OCT system (λ c = 1310 nm) with an imaging range of 26.2 mm in the air, integrated with a high energy microsecond Er:YAG laser operating at 2.94 µm. We demonstrated that the self-healing characteristics of the BLB could reduce the imaging artifacts that may arise during real-time monitoring of laser ablation. Furthermore, the feasibility of using long-range OCT to monitor a deep laser-induced incision is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsham Hamidi
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Yakub A Bayhaqi
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ferda Canbaz
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Digital Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Philippe C Cattin
- Center for medical Image Analysis and Navigation (CIAN), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Azhar Zam
- Biomedical Laser and Optics Group (BLOG), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Shih CY, Shugaev MV, Wu C, Zhigilei LV. The effect of pulse duration on nanoparticle generation in pulsed laser ablation in liquids: insights from large-scale atomistic simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7077-7099. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the laser pulse duration on the nanoparticle generation in laser ablation in liquids is investigated; three mechanisms operating at different stages of the ablation process and in different parts of the cavitation bubble are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
- Longterm Concept International Pte Ltd
| | - Maxim V. Shugaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Chengping Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Leonid V. Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
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6
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Yuan J, Liang L, Lin G, Li X, Jiang M. Experimental study on the laser-matter-plume interaction and its effects on ablation characteristics during nanosecond pulsed laser scanning ablation process. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23204-23216. [PMID: 31510603 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed lasers have been widely applied to interact with and characterize many different materials. For the purpose of a broader application, the current challenge is to achieve a speedup of ablation process, which is commonly thought to be possible by raising the on-target laser intensity. But the use of high intensity lasers results in severe laser-matter-plume interaction, leading to unwanted effects (e.g. saturation, shielding and thermal damage), which further affect the ablation process and ablation quality. However, laser-matter-plume interaction and its effects on ablation characteristics during laser scanning ablation processes are not well understood. In this paper, shadowgraph images and optical images during a laser ablation process were taken with a pump-probe shadowgraph imaging setup and an ultrahigh-speed camera. The results demonstrate that, under a high incoming laser density, laser-matter-plume interaction presents a periodical process, and thus cause a major impact on ablation regimes and microstructure formations. Moreover, the characteristics of micromorphologies and ejected particles suggest that the laser-matter-plume interaction has a significant influence on the ablation process, which, in turn, provides a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of laser-matter-plume interaction on the scanning ablation process. Consequently, laser-matter-plume interaction and its influence on the ablation process were summarized and clarified.
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7
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Krutilin A, Maier S, Schuster R, Kruber S, Kwiatkowski M, Robertson WD, Hansen NO, Miller RJD, Schlüter H. Sampling of Tissues with Laser Ablation for Proteomics: Comparison of Picosecond Infrared Laser and Microsecond Infrared Laser. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1451-1457. [PMID: 30669834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It was recently shown that sampling of tissues with a picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) for analysis with bottom-up proteomics is advantageous compared to mechanical homogenization. Because the cold ablation of tissues with PIRL irradiation is soft, proteins remain intact and even enzymatic activities are detectable in PIRL homogenates. In contrast, it was observed that irradiation of tissues with a microsecond infrared laser (MIRL) heats the tissue, thereby causing significant damage. In this study, we investigated the question if sampling of tissues with a MIRL for analysis of their proteomes via bottom-up proteomics is possible and how the results are different from sampling of tissues with a PIRL. Comparison of the proteomes of the MIRL and PIRL tissue homogenates showed that the yield of proteins identified by bottom-up proteomics was larger in PIRL homogenates of liver tissue, whereas the yield was higher in MIRL homogenates of muscle tissue, which has a significantly higher content of connective tissue than liver tissue. In the PIRL homogenate of renal tissue, enzymatic activities were detectable, whereas in the corresponding MIRL homogenate, enzymatic activities were absent. In conclusion, MIRL and PIRL pulses are suited for sampling tissues for bottom-up proteomics. If it is important for bottom-up proteomic investigations to inactivate enzymatic activities already in the tissue before its ablation, MIRL tissue sampling is an option, because the proteins in the tissues are denatured and inactivated by the heating of the tissue during irradiation with MIRL irradiation prior to the ablation of the tissue. This heating effect is absent during irradiation of tissue with a PIRL; therefore, sampling of tissues with a PIRL is a choice for purifying enzymes, because their activities are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Krutilin
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Department, Center for Free Electron Laser Science , Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Stephanie Maier
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Department, Center for Free Electron Laser Science , Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Raphael Schuster
- University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruber
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Department, Center for Free Electron Laser Science , Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Wesley D Robertson
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Department, Center for Free Electron Laser Science , Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Nils-Owe Hansen
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Department, Center for Free Electron Laser Science , Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Department, Center for Free Electron Laser Science , Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany.,Departments of Chemistry and Physics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Martinistraße 52 , 20246 Hamburg , Germany
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Lukac N, Suhovršnik T, Lukac M, Jezeršek M. Ablation characteristics of quantum square pulse mode dental erbium laser. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15012. [PMID: 26811076 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Lukac
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Suhovršnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Physics, Jadranska 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Lukac
- Institute Josef Stefan, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matija Jezeršek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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9
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Cao F, Donnarumma F, Murray KK. Particle size measurement from infrared laser ablation of tissue. Analyst 2015; 141:183-90. [PMID: 26630332 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The concentration and size distribution were measured for particles ablated from tissue sections using an infrared optical parametric oscillator laser system. A scanning mobility particle sizer and light scattering particle sizer were used in parallel to realize a particle sizing range from 10 nm to 20 μm. Tissue sections from rat brain and lung ranging in thickness between 10 and 50 μm were mounted on microscope slides and irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses at 3 μm wavelength and fluences between 7 and 21 kJ m(-2) in reflection geometry. The particle size distributions were characterized by a bimodal distribution with a large number of particles 100 nm in diameter and below and a large mass contribution from particles greater than 1 μm in diameter. The large particle contribution dominated the ablated particle mass at high laser fluence. The tissue type, thickness, and water content did not have a significant effect on the particle size distributions. The implications of these results for laser ablation sampling and mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 70803, USA.
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10
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Ahn M, Hau NT, Van Phuc N, Oh J, Kang HW. Photoactive dye-enhanced tissue ablation for endoscopic laser prostatectomy. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:703-11. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Nguyen Trung Hau
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio; Electrical & Mechanical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Nguyen Van Phuc
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio; Electrical & Mechanical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio; Electrical & Mechanical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus); Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio; Electrical & Mechanical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus); Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
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11
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Lü T, Xiao Q, Li Z. Influence of water environment on holmium laser ablation performance for hard tissues. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:2505-2514. [PMID: 22614434 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study clarifies the ablation differences in air and in water for hard biological tissues, which are irradiated by fiber-guided long-pulsed holmium lasers. High-speed photography is used to record the dynamic characteristics of ablation plumes and vaporization bubbles induced by pulsed holmium lasers. The ablation morphologies and depth of hard tissues are quantitatively measured by optical coherence microscopy. Explosive vaporization effects in water play a positive role in the contact ablation process and are directly responsible for significant ablation enhancement. Furthermore, water layer depth can also contribute to ablation performance. Under the same laser parameters for fiber-tissue contact ablation in air and water, ablation performances are comparable for a single-laser pulse, but for more laser pulses the ablation performances in water are better than those in air. Comprehensive knowledge of ablation differences under various environments is important, especially in medical procedures that are performed in a liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lü
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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12
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Cencič B, Grad L, Možina J, Jezeršek M. Optodynamic monitoring of laser tattoo removal. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:047003. [PMID: 22559694 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.4.047003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to use the information contained in the mechanisms occurring during the laser tattoo removal process. We simultaneously employed a laser-beam deflection probe (LBDP) to measure the shock wave and a camera to detect the plasma radiation, both originating from a high-intensity laser-pulse interaction with a tattoo. The experiments were performed in vitro (skin phantoms), ex vivo (marking tattoos on pig skin), and in vivo (professional and amateur decorative tattoos). The LBDP signal includes the information about the energy released during the interaction and indicates textural changes in the skin, which are specific for different skin and tattoo conditions. Using both sensors, we evaluated a measurement of threshold for skin damage and studied the effect of multiple pulses. In vivo results show that a prepulse reduces the interaction strength and that a single strong pulse produces better removal results.
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Comparing an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as a viable alternative for mid-infrared tissue ablation with a free electron laser (FEL). Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27:1213-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Barry JA, Muddiman DC. Global optimization of the infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR MALDESI) source for mass spectrometry using statistical design of experiments. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:3527-36. [PMID: 22095501 PMCID: PMC3781580 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Design of experiments (DOE) is a systematic and cost-effective approach to system optimization by which the effects of multiple parameters and parameter interactions on a given response can be measured in few experiments. Herein, we describe the use of statistical DOE to improve a few of the analytical figures of merit of the infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) source for mass spectrometry. In a typical experiment, bovine cytochrome c was ionized via electrospray, and equine cytochrome c was desorbed and ionized by IR-MALDESI such that the ratio of equine:bovine was used as a measure of the ionization efficiency of IR-MALDESI. This response was used to rank the importance of seven source parameters including flow rate, laser fluence, laser repetition rate, ESI emitter to mass spectrometer inlet distance, sample stage height, sample plate voltage, and the sample to mass spectrometer inlet distance. A screening fractional factorial DOE was conducted to designate which of the seven parameters induced the greatest amount of change in the response. These important parameters (flow rate, stage height, sample to mass spectrometer inlet distance, and laser fluence) were then studied at higher resolution using a full factorial DOE to obtain the globally optimized combination of parameter settings. The optimum combination of settings was then compared with our previously determined settings to quantify the degree of improvement in detection limit. The limit of detection for the optimized conditions was approximately 10 attomoles compared with 100 femtomoles for the previous settings, which corresponds to a four orders of magnitude improvement in the detection limit of equine cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Barry
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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15
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Watanabe T, Iwai K, Katagiri T, Matsuura Y. Synchronous radiation with Er:YAG and Ho:YAG lasers for efficient ablation of hard tissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:337-346. [PMID: 21258471 PMCID: PMC3017984 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Er:YAG and Ho:YAG laser beams were combined to irradiate hard tissues to achieve highly efficient ablation with low laser power. The delay time between pulses of the two lasers was controlled to irradiate alumina ceramic balls used as hard tissue models. With optimized delay time, the combined laser beam perforated the sample 40% deeper than independent radiation by either an Er:YAG or Ho:YAG laser. An ultra-high-speed camera and an infrared thermography camera were used to observe and investigate the ablation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Watanabe
- Tohoku University, Graduate school of Engineering, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Iwai
- Sendai National College of Technology, Sendai 989-3128, Japan
| | - Takashi Katagiri
- Tohoku University, Graduate school of Engineering, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuura
- Tohoku University, Graduate school of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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16
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Shanyfelt LM, Dickrell PL, Edelhauser HF, Hahn DW. Effects of laser repetition rate on corneal tissue ablation for 193-nm excimer laser light. Lasers Surg Med 2008; 40:483-93. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Oujja M, Rebollar E, Abrusci C, Amo AD, Catalina F, Castillejo M. UV, visible and IR laser interaction with gelatine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lee H, Kang HW, Teichman JMH, Oh J, Welch AJ. Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 38:39-51. [PMID: 16292771 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We tested Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser ablation of human urinary calculi to determine if Er:YAG is a more efficient lithotripsy device. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Ablation efficiency of Ho:YAG and Er:YAG lasers was tested at varying energy settings, ranging from the damage threshold to clinical energy setting associated with Ho:YAG laser. Stones of known composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), cystine, and uric acid (UA)) were irradiated. Crater width, depth, and ablation volumes were determined using an optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS For all stones and energy settings, the Er:YAG laser produced deeper craters and larger ablation volumes than Ho:YAG laser. The Ho:YAG laser created wider craters during the multiple pulse process and the shape of craters was irregular. CONCLUSIONS The Er:YAG laser is more efficient than the Ho:YAG laser for lithotripsy. The deeper craters produced by the Er:YAG laser is attributed to the high absorption of energy at its wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BHX 630, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, 02114, USA.
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Mackanos MA, Kozub JA, Hachey DL, Joos KM, Ellis DL, Jansen ED. The effect of free-electron laser pulse structure on mid-infrared soft-tissue ablation: biological effects. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50:1885-99. [PMID: 15815102 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/8/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that changing the pulse structure of the free electron laser (FEL) from 1 to 200 ps and thus reducing the peak irradiance of the micropulse by 200 times had little or no effect on both the ablation threshold radiant exposure and the ablated crater depth for a defined radiant exposure. This study focuses on the ablation mechanism at 6.1 and 6.45 microm with an emphasis on the role of the FEL pulse structure. Three different experiments were performed to gain insight into this mechanism. The first was an analysis of the ablation plume dynamics observed for a 1 ps micropulse compared with a 200 ps micropulse as seen through bright-field analysis. Negligible differences are seen in the size, but not the dynamics of ablation, as a result of this imaging. The second experiment was a histological analysis of corneal and dermal tissue to determine whether there is less thermal damage associated with one micropulse duration versus another. No significant difference was seen in the extent of thermal damage on either canine cornea or mouse dermis for the micropulse durations studied at either wavelength. The final set of experiments involved the use of mass spectrometry to determine whether amide bond breakage could occur in the proteins present in tissue as a result of direct absorptions of mid-infrared light into the amide I and amide II absorption bands. This analysis showed that there was no amide bond breakage due to irradiation at 6.45 microm on protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Mackanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Youn JI, Peavy GM, Venugopalan V. Free electron laser ablation of articular and fibro-cartilage at 2.79, 2.9, 6.1, and 6.45 ?m: Mass removal studies. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 36:202-9. [PMID: 15704094 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The wavelength and tissue-composition dependence of cartilage ablation was examined using selected mid-infrared laser wavelengths. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The mass removal produced by pulsed laser ablation of articular and fibro-cartilage (meniscus) were measured. The wavelengths examined were 2.79, 2.9, 6.1, and 6.45 microm and provided by a free electron laser (FEL) emitting 4 microsecond macropulses consisting of 1-2 picoseconds duration micropulses delivered at 350 picosecond intervals. The measurement of tissue mass removal was conducted using a microbalance during laser ablation. RESULTS These studies demonstrated that for articular cartilage the highest mass removal was achieved at lambda = 6.1 microm followed by, in order, lambda = 2.79, 2.9, and 6.45 microm. In comparison, the maximum mass removal for fibro-cartilage was achieved using lambda = 6.1 microm radiation with no statistically significant differences in mass removal provided by the other wavelengths. In evaluation of the comparative influence of each wavelength on tissue type, there was no difference in ablation efficiency between articular and fibro-cartilage at lambda = 6.1 microm. However, the ablation efficiency of articular cartilage was higher than that of fibro-cartilage at both lambda = 2.79 and 2.9 microm. By contrast, lambda = 6.45 microm radiation ablated fibro-cartilage more efficiently than articular cartilage at radiant exposures greater than 12 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS The mass removal of articular and fibro-cartilage produced by FEL ablation at selected mid-IR wavelengths was measured as a function of incident radiant exposure. The ablation efficiency was found to depend on both wavelength and tissue type. The 6.1 microm wavelength was found to provide the highest ablation efficiency for both articular and fibro-cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-In Youn
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Vogel
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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