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Kendall WY, Tian Q, Zhao S, Mirminachi S, O’Kane E, Joseph A, Dufault D, Miller DA, Shi C, Roper J, Wax A. Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400082. [PMID: 38955358 PMCID: PMC11416900 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with colonoscopy has improved patient outcomes; however, it remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, novel strategies to improve screening are needed. Here, we propose an optical biopsy technique based on spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Depth resolved OCT images are analyzed as a function of wavelength to measure optical tissue properties and used as input to machine learning algorithms. Previously, we used this approach to analyze mouse colon polyps. Here, we extend the approach to examine human biopsied colonic epithelial tissue samples ex vivo. Optical properties are used as input to a novel deep learning architecture, producing accuracy of up to 97.9% in discriminating tissue type. SOCT parameters are used to create false colored en face OCT images and deep learning classifications are used to enable visual classification by tissue type. This study advances SOCT toward clinical utility for analysis of colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Y. Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qinyi Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seyedbabak Mirminachi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin O’Kane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abel Joseph
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin Dufault
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kendall WY, Tian Q, Zhao S, Mirminachi S, Joseph A, Dufault D, Shi C, Roper J, Wax A. Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic OCT. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.04.555974. [PMID: 37732221 PMCID: PMC10508742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.555974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Screening programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) have had a profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of this disease by detecting and removing early cancers and precancerous adenomas with colonoscopy. However, CRC continues to be the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and woman, partly because of limitations in colonoscopy-based screening. Thus, novel strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of screening colonoscopy are urgently needed. Here, we propose to address this need using an optical biopsy technique based on spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The depth resolved images obtained with OCT are analyzed as a function of wavelength to measure optical tissue properties. The optical properties can be used as input to machine learning algorithms as a means to classify adenomatous tissue in the colon. In this study, biopsied tissue samples from the colonic epithelium are analyzed ex vivo using spectroscopic OCT and tissue classifications are generated using a novel deep learning architecture, informed by machine learning methods including LSTM and KNN. The overall classification accuracy obtained was 88.9%, 76.0% and 97.9% in discriminating tissue type for these methods. Further, we apply an approach using false coloring of en face OCT images based on SOCT parameters and deep learning predictions to enable visual identification of tissue type. This study advances the spectroscopic OCT towards clinical utility for analyzing colonic epithelium for signs of adenoma.
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Kuttippurath V, Slijkhuis N, Liu S, van Soest G. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography at 1200 nm for lipid detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:096002. [PMID: 37692562 PMCID: PMC10492233 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.9.096002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance Spectroscopic analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data can yield added information about the sample's chemical composition, along with high-resolution images. Typical commercial OCT systems operate at wavelengths that may not be optimal for identifying lipid-containing samples based on absorption features. Aim The main aim of this study was to develop a 1200 nm spectroscopic OCT (SOCT) for the classification of lipid-based and water-based samples by extracting the lipid absorption peak at 1210 nm from the OCT data. Approach We developed a 1200 nm OCT system and implemented a signal processing algorithm that simultaneously retrieves spectroscopic and structural information from the sample. In this study, we validated the performance of our OCT system by imaging weakly scattering phantoms with and without lipid absorption features. An orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was developed and applied to classify weakly scattering samples based on their absorption features. Results The OCT system achieved an axial resolution of 7.2 μ m and a sensitivity of 95 dB. The calibrated OPLS-DA model on weakly scattering samples with lipid and water-based absorption features correctly classified 19/20 validation samples. Conclusions The 1200 nm SOCT system can discriminate the lipid-containing weakly scattering samples from water-based weakly scattering samples with good predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kuttippurath
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Slijkhuis
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands
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4
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Kendall WY, Bordas J, Mirminachi S, Joseph A, Roper J, Wax A. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for classification of colorectal cancer in a mouse model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100387. [PMID: 35338763 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive diagnosis of the malignant potential of colon polyps can improve prevention of colorectal cancer without the need for time-consuming and expensive biopsies. This study examines the use of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) to classify tissue from genetically engineered mouse models of early-stage adenoma (APC) and advanced adenocarcinoma (AKP) in which tumors are induced in the distal colon. The optical tissue properties of scattering power and scattering attenuation coefficient are evaluated by analyzing the imaging data collected from tissues. Classifications are generated using 2D linear discriminant analysis with high levels of discrimination obtained. The overall classification accuracy obtained was 91.5%, with 100% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity in separating tumors from benign tissue, and 77.8% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity in separating adenocarcinoma from nonmalignant tissue. Thus, this study demonstrates the clinical potential of using spectroscopic OCT for rapid detection of colon adenoma and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Y Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julianna Bordas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Abel Joseph
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Song G, Jelly ET, Chu KK, Kendall WY, Wax A. A review of low-cost and portable optical coherence tomography. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:032002. [PMID: 37645660 PMCID: PMC10465117 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abfeb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful optical imaging technique capable of visualizing the internal structure of biological tissues at near cellular resolution. For years, OCT has been regarded as the standard of care in ophthalmology, acting as an invaluable tool for the assessment of retinal pathology. However, the costly nature of most current commercial OCT systems has limited its general accessibility, especially in low-resource environments. It is therefore timely to review the development of low-cost OCT systems as a route for applying this technology to population-scale disease screening. Low-cost, portable and easy to use OCT systems will be essential to facilitate widespread use at point of care settings while ensuring that they offer the necessary imaging performances needed for clinical detection of retinal pathology. The development of low-cost OCT also offers the potential to enable application in fields outside ophthalmology by lowering the barrier to entry. In this paper, we review the current development and applications of low-cost, portable and handheld OCT in both translational and research settings. Design and cost-reduction techniques are described for general low-cost OCT systems, including considerations regarding spectrometer-based detection, scanning optics, system control, signal processing, and the role of 3D printing technology. Lastly, a review of clinical applications enabled by low-cost OCT is presented, along with a detailed discussion of current limitations and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
| | | | - Kengyeh K Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Wesley Y Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
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Kassinopoulos M, Bousi E, Zouvani I, Pitris C. Correlation of the derivative as a robust estimator of scatterer size in optical coherence tomography (OCT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1598-1606. [PMID: 28663852 PMCID: PMC5480567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The size-dependent spectral variations, predicted by Mie theory, have already been considered as a contrast enhancement mechanism in optical coherence tomography. In this work, a new spectroscopic metric, the bandwidth of the correlation of the derivative, was developed for estimating scatterer size which is more robust and accurate compared to existing methods. Its feasibility was demonstrated using phantoms containing polystyrene microspheres as well as images of normal and cancerous human colon. The results are very promising, suggesting that the proposed metric could be utilized for measuring nuclear size distribution, a diagnostically valuable marker, in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kassinopoulos
- KIOS Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - E. Bousi
- KIOS Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I. Zouvani
- Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - C. Pitris
- KIOS Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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7
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Nam HS, Song JW, Jang SJ, Lee JJ, Oh WY, Kim JW, Yoo H. Characterization of lipid-rich plaques using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:75004. [PMID: 27391375 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) is a high-resolution imaging method used to visualize the internal structures of walls of coronary arteries in vivo. However, accurate characterization of atherosclerotic plaques with gray-scale IV-OCT images is often limited by various intrinsic artifacts. In this study, we present an algorithm for characterizing lipid-rich plaques with a spectroscopic OCT technique based on a Gaussian center of mass (GCOM) metric. The GCOM metric, which reflects the absorbance properties of lipids, was validated using a lipid phantom. In addition, the proposed characterization method was successfully demonstrated in vivo using an atherosclerotic rabbit model and was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 76.7% for lipid classification, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Soo Nam
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Jang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joong Lee
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kim J, Brown W, Maher JR, Levinson H, Wax A. Functional optical coherence tomography: principles and progress. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:R211-37. [PMID: 25951836 PMCID: PMC4448140 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/r211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, several functional extensions of optical coherence tomography (OCT) have emerged, and this review highlights key advances in instrumentation, theoretical analysis, signal processing and clinical application of these extensions. We review five principal extensions: Doppler OCT (DOCT), polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE), spectroscopic OCT (SOCT), and molecular imaging OCT. The former three have been further developed with studies in both ex vivo and in vivo human tissues. This review emphasizes the newer techniques of SOCT and molecular imaging OCT, which show excellent potential for clinical application but have yet to be well reviewed in the literature. SOCT elucidates tissue characteristics, such as oxygenation and carcinogenesis, by detecting wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering of light in tissues. While SOCT measures endogenous biochemical distributions, molecular imaging OCT detects exogenous molecular contrast agents. These newer advances in functional OCT broaden the potential clinical application of OCT by providing novel ways to understand tissue activity that cannot be accomplished by other current imaging methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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9
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Liu M, Chou S, Chua C, Tay B, Ng B. The development of silk fibroin scaffolds using an indirect rapid prototyping approach: Morphological analysis and cell growth monitoring by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Fleming CP, Eckert J, Halpern EF, Gardecki JA, Tearney GJ. Depth resolved detection of lipid using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1269-84. [PMID: 24009991 PMCID: PMC3756567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) can identify key components related to plaque vulnerability but can suffer from artifacts that could prevent accurate identification of lipid rich regions. In this paper, we present a model of depth resolved spectral analysis of OFDI data for improved detection of lipid. A quadratic Discriminant analysis model was developed based on phantom compositions known chemical mixtures and applied to a tissue phantom of a lipid-rich plaque. We demonstrate that a combined spectral and attenuation model can be used to predict the presence of lipid in OFDI images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P. Fleming
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jocelyn Eckert
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elkan F. Halpern
- Radiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A. Gardecki
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Jaedicke V, Agcaer S, Robles FE, Steinert M, Jones D, Goebel S, Gerhardt NC, Welp H, Hofmann MR. Comparison of different metrics for analysis and visualization in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2945-61. [PMID: 24409393 PMCID: PMC3862158 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography (S-OCT) extracts depth resolved spectra that are inherently available from OCT signals. The back scattered spectra contain useful functional information regarding the sample, since the light is altered by wavelength dependent absorption and scattering caused by chromophores and structures of the sample. Two aspects dominate the performance of S-OCT: (1) the spectral analysis processing method used to obtain the spatially-resolved spectroscopic information and (2) the metrics used to visualize and interpret relevant sample features. In this work, we focus on the second aspect, where we will compare established and novel metrics for S-OCT. These concepts include the adaptation of methods known from multispectral imaging and modern signal processing approaches such as pattern recognition. To compare the performance of the metrics in a quantitative manner, we use phantoms with microsphere scatterers of different sizes that are below the system's resolution and therefore cannot be differentiated using intensity based OCT images. We show that the analysis of the spectral features can clearly separate areas with different scattering properties in multi-layer phantoms. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our approach for contrast enhancement in bovine articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Jaedicke
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Semih Agcaer
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 2303 French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Marian Steinert
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr. 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - David Jones
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr. 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Goebel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Science Georg Agricola, Herner Str 45, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils C. Gerhardt
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hubert Welp
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Science Georg Agricola, Herner Str 45, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin R. Hofmann
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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12
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Tucker-Schwartz JM, Meyer TA, Patil CA, Duvall CL, Skala MC. In vivo photothermal optical coherence tomography of gold nanorod contrast agents. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2881-95. [PMID: 23162726 PMCID: PMC3493242 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal optical coherence tomography (PT-OCT) is a potentially powerful tool for molecular imaging. Here, we characterize PT-OCT imaging of gold nanorod (GNR) contrast agents in phantoms, and we apply these techniques for in vivo GNR imaging. The PT-OCT signal was compared to the bio-heat equation in phantoms, and in vivo PT-OCT images were acquired from subcutaneous 400 pM GNR Matrigel injections into mice. Experiments revealed that PT-OCT signals varied as predicted by the bio-heat equation, with significant PT-OCT signal increases at 7.5 pM GNR compared to a scattering control (p < 0.01) while imaging in common path configuration. In vivo PT-OCT images demonstrated an appreciable increase in signal in the presence of GNRs compared to controls. Additionally, in vivo PT-OCT GNR signals were spatially distinct from blood vessels imaged with Doppler OCT. We anticipate that the demonstrated in vivo PT-OCT sensitivity to GNR contrast agents is sufficient to image molecular expression in vivo. Therefore, this work demonstrates the translation of PT-OCT to in vivo imaging and represents the next step towards its use as an in vivo molecular imaging tool.
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13
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Tay BCM, Chow TH, Ng BK, Loh TKS. Dual-Window Dual-Bandwidth Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography Metric for Qualitative Scatterer Size Differentiation in Tissues. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:2439-48. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2202391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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D'Hallewin M, Helle M, Garrier J, Bezdetnaya L, Guillemin F. Animal Models for Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Gambichler T, Jaedicke V, Terras S. Optical coherence tomography in dermatology: technical and clinical aspects. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:457-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Robles FE, Zhu Y, Lee J, Sharma S, Wax A. Detection of early colorectal cancer development in the azoxymethane rat carcinogenesis model with Fourier domain low coherence interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:736-745. [PMID: 21258505 PMCID: PMC3017982 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fourier domain low coherence interferometry (fLCI) is an emerging optical technique used to quantitatively assess cell nuclear morphology in tissue as a means of detecting early cancer development. In this work, we use the azoxymethane rat carcinogenesis model, a well characterized and established model for colon cancer research, to demonstrate the ability of fLCI to distinguish between normal and preneoplastic ex-vivo colon tissue. The results show highly statistically significant differences between the measured cell nuclear diameters of normal and azoxymethane-treated tissues, thus providing strong evidence that fLCI may be a powerful tool for non-invasive, quantitative detection of early changes associated with colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E. Robles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics,
Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
- Medical Physics Program, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Yizheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics,
Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Jin Lee
- The Hamner Institutes for Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sheela Sharma
- The Hamner Institutes for Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics,
Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
- Medical Physics Program, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
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17
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Robles FE, Chowdhury S, Wax A. Assessing hemoglobin concentration using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for feasibility of tissue diagnostics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:310-317. [PMID: 21258468 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and oxygen saturation levels are important biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer. Here, we investigate the ability to measure these parameters for tissue using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT). A parallel frequency domain OCT system is used with detection spanning the visible region of the spectrum (450 nm to 700 nm). Oxygenated and deoxygenated Hb absorbing phantoms are analyzed. The results show that Hb concentrations as low as 1.2 g/L at 1 mm can be retrieved indicating that both normal and cancerous tissue measurements may be obtained. However, measurement of oxygen saturation levels may not be achieved with this approach.
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18
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Robles FE, Wax A. Measuring morphological features using light-scattering spectroscopy and Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:360-2. [PMID: 20125721 PMCID: PMC2831473 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of morphological features in a thick turbid sample using light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS) and Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry (fLCI) by processing with the dual-window (DW) method. A parallel frequency domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a white-light source is used to image a two-layer phantom containing polystyrene beads of diameters 4.00 and 6.98 mum on the top and bottom layers, respectively. The DW method decomposes each OCT A-scan into a time-frequency distribution with simultaneously high spectral and spatial resolution. The spectral information from localized regions in the sample is used to determine scatterer structure. The results show that the two scatterer populations can be differentiated using LSS and fLCI.
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