1
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Zhang H, Jelly ET, Miller DA, Wax A. Recovery of angular scattering profiles through a flexible multimode fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21092-21101. [PMID: 38859472 PMCID: PMC11239168 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Endoscopic angle-resolved light scattering methods have been developed for early cancer detection but they typically require multi-element coherent fiber optic bundles to recover scattering distributions from tissues. Recent work has focused on using a single multimode fiber (MMF) to measure angle resolved scattering but this approach has practical limitations to overcome before clinical translation. Here we address these limitations by proposing an MMF-based endoscope capable of measuring angular scattering patterns suitable for determining structure. Significantly, this approach implements a spectrally resolved detection scheme to reduce speckle and leverages the azimuthal symmetry of the angular scattering patterns to enable measurements that are robust to fiber bending. This results in a unique method that does not require matrix inversion or machine learning to measure a transmitted scattering distribution. The MMF utilized here is 1000 mm in length with a 200 µm core and is demonstrated to recover angular scattering distributions even with bending displacements of up to 30 cm. This advance has a significant impact on the clinical translation of biomedical endoscopic diagnostic techniques that use angular scattering to determine the size of cell nuclei to detect early cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Evan T. Jelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David A. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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2
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Jelly ET, Steelman ZA, Zhang H, Chu KK, Cotton CC, Eluri S, Shaheen NJ, Wax A. Next-generation endoscopic probe for detection of esophageal dysplasia using combined OCT and angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1943-1958. [PMID: 38495690 PMCID: PMC10942713 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an optical technique that enables depth-specific measurements of nuclear morphology, with applications to detecting epithelial cancers in various organs. Previous a/LCI setups have been limited by costly fiber-optic components and large footprints. Here, we present a novel a/LCI instrument incorporating a channel for optical coherence tomography (OCT) to provide real-time image guidance. We showcase the system's capabilities by acquiring imaging data from in vivo Barrett's esophagus patients. The main innovation in this geometry lies in implementing a pathlength-matched single-mode fiber array, offering substantial cost savings while preserving signal fidelity. A further innovation is the introduction of a specialized side-viewing probe tailored for esophageal imaging, featuring miniature optics housed in a custom 3D-printed enclosure attached to the tip of the endoscope. The integration of OCT guidance enhances the precision of tissue targeting by providing real-time morphology imaging. This novel device represents a significant advancement in clinical translation of an enhanced screening approach for esophageal precancer, paving the way for more effective early-stage detection and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T. Jelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Zachary A. Steelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Kengyeh K. Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Cary C. Cotton
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Swathi Eluri
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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3
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Kendall WY, Ho D, Chu K, Zinaman M, Wieland D, Moragne K, Wax A. Prospective detection of cervical dysplasia with scanning angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5197-5211. [PMID: 33014608 PMCID: PMC7510862 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a prospective clinical study using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) to detect cervical dysplasia via depth resolved nuclear morphology measurements. The study, performed at the Jacobi Medical Center, compares 80 a/LCI optical biopsies taken from 20 women with histopathological tissue diagnosis of co-registered physical biopsies. A novel instrument was used for this study that enables 2D scanning across the cervix without repositioning the probe. The main study goal was to compare performance with a previous clinical a/LCI point-probe instrument [Int. J. Cancer140, 1447 (2017)] and use the same diagnostic criteria as in that study. Tissue was classified in two schemes: non-dysplastic vs. dysplastic and low-risk vs. high-risk, with the latter classification aligned with clinically actionable diagnosis. High sensitivity (non-dysplastic vs. dysplastic: 0.903, low-risk vs. high-risk: 1.000) and NPV (0.930 and 1.000 respectively) were obtained when using the previously established decision boundaries, showing the success of the scanning a/LCI instrument and reinforcing the clinical viability of a/LCI in disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Y. Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kengyeh Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michael Zinaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daryl Wieland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kandis Moragne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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4
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Song G, Steelman ZA, Kendall W, Park HS, Wax A. Spatial scanning of a sample with two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry for analysis of anisotropic scatterers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4419-4430. [PMID: 32923053 PMCID: PMC7449733 DOI: 10.1364/boe.398052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) measures depth-resolved angular scattering for cell nuclear morphology analysis. 2D a/LCI, developed to collect across two scattering planes, is currently limited by the lack of spatial scanning. Here we demonstrate 2D a/LCI scanning across a three-dimensional volume using an image rotation scheme and a scanning mirror. Validation using various optical phantoms demonstrated excellent scatterer size determination over a 7.5 mm linear range, for a total accessible area of ∼44 mm2. Measurements from anisotropic scatterers allowed accurate determination of sizes and computation of aspect ratios. This scanning system will facilitate analysis of scatterer structure across wider tissue areas.
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5
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Nie Z, Yeh SCA, LePalud M, Badr F, Tse F, Armstrong D, Liu LWC, Deen MJ, Fang Q. Optical Biopsy of the Upper GI Tract Using Fluorescence Lifetime and Spectra. Front Physiol 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32477151 PMCID: PMC7237753 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening and surveillance for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers by endoscope guided biopsy is invasive, time consuming, and has the potential for sampling error. Tissue endogenous fluorescence spectra contain biochemical and physiological information, which may enable real-time, objective diagnosis. We first briefly reviewed optical biopsy modalities for GI cancer diagnosis with a focus on fluorescence-based techniques. In an ex vivo pilot clinical study, we measured fluorescence spectra and lifetime on fresh biopsy specimens obtained during routine upper GI screening procedures. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of rapid acquisition of time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectra from fresh GI mucosal specimens. We also identified spectroscopic signatures that can differentiate between normal mucosal samples obtained from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Nie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shu-Chi Allison Yeh
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michelle LePalud
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fares Badr
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Frances Tse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louis W. C. Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Jamal Deen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Gardner MR, Baruah V, Vargas G, Motamedi M, Milner TE, Rylander HG. Scattering Angle Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Detects Early Changes in 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:18. [PMID: 32821490 PMCID: PMC7401921 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.5.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinical intensity-based optical coherence tomographic retinal imaging is unable to resolve some of the earliest changes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate that scattering-angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT), which is sensitive to changes in light scattering angle, is a candidate retinal imaging modality for early AD detection. SAR-OCT signal data may be sensitive to changes in intracellular constituent morphology that are not detectable with conventional OCT. Methods In this cross-sectional study, retinas of a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) were imaged alongside age-matched control mice (C57BL/6J) using SAR-OCT. A total of 32 mice (12 control, 20 3xTg-Ad) at four ages (10, 20, 30, and 45 weeks) were included in this cross-sectional study, and three retinal feature sets (scattering, thickness, and angiography) were examined between the disease and control groups. Results AD mice had significantly increased scattering diversity (lower SAR-OCT C parameter) at the earliest imaging time (10 weeks). Differences in the C parameter between AD and control mice were diminished at later times when both groups showed increased scattering diversity. AD mice have reduced retinal thickness compared to controls, particularly in central regions and superficial layers. No differences in vascular density or fractional blood volume between groups were detected. Conclusions SAR-OCT is sensitive to scattering angle changes in a 3xTg-AD mouse model and could provide early-stage biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Translational Relevance Clinical OCT systems may be modified to record SAR-OCT images for non-invasive retinal diagnostic imaging of patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikram Baruah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E Milner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Henry G Rylander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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7
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Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Light scattering methods for tissue diagnosis. OPTICA 2019; 6:479-489. [PMID: 33043100 PMCID: PMC7544148 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering has become a common biomedical research tool, enabling diagnostic sensitivity to myriad tissue alterations associated with disease. Light-tissue interactions are particularly attractive for diagnostics due to the variety of contrast mechanisms that can be used, including spectral, angle-resolved, and Fourier-domain detection. Photonic diagnostic tools offer further benefit in that they are non-ionizing, non-invasive, and give real-time feedback. In this review, we summarize recent innovations in light scattering technologies, with a focus on clinical achievements over the previous ten years.
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8
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Zeng Y, Rao B, Chapman WC, Nandy S, Rais R, González I, Chatterjee D, Mutch M, Zhu Q. The Angular Spectrum of the Scattering Coefficient Map Reveals Subsurface Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2998. [PMID: 30816153 PMCID: PMC6395629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer diagnosis currently relies on histological detection of endoluminal neoplasia in biopsy specimens. However, clinical visual endoscopy provides no quantitative subsurface cancer information. In this ex vivo study of nine fresh human colon specimens, we report the first use of quantified subsurface scattering coefficient maps acquired by swept-source optical coherence tomography to reveal subsurface abnormities. We generate subsurface scattering coefficient maps with a novel wavelet-based-curve-fitting method that provides significantly improved accuracy. The angular spectra of scattering coefficient maps of normal tissues exhibit a spatial feature distinct from those of abnormal tissues. An angular spectrum index to quantify the differences between the normal and abnormal tissues is derived, and its strength in revealing subsurface cancer in ex vivo samples is statistically analyzed. The study demonstrates that the angular spectrum of the scattering coefficient map can effectively reveal subsurface colorectal cancer and potentially provide a fast and more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William C Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rehan Rais
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iván González
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Mutch
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Zhang H, Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Angular range, sampling and noise considerations for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800258. [PMID: 30239148 PMCID: PMC6375761 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant work has been devoted to the use of angle-resolved elastic scattering for the extraction of nuclear morphology in tissue. By treating the nucleus as a Mie scattering object, techniques such as angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) have demonstrated substantial success in identifying nuclear alterations associated with dysplasia. Because optical biopsies are inherently noninvasive, only a small, discretized portion of the 4π scattering field can be collected from tissue, limiting the amount of information available for diagnostic purposes. In this work, we comprehensively characterize the diagnostic impact of variations in angular sampling, range and noise for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology, using a previously reported dataset from 40 patients undergoing a/LCI optical biopsy for cervical dysplasia. The results from this analysis are applied to a benchtop scanning a/LCI system which compromises angular range for wide-area scanning capability. This work will inform the design of next-generation optical biopsy probes by directing optical design towards parameters which offer the most diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zachary A. Steelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Correspondence: Zachary A. Steelman, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Derek S. Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kengyeh K. Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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10
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Steelman ZA, Ho D, Chu KK, Wax A. Scanning system for angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4581-4584. [PMID: 29140317 PMCID: PMC5777518 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) detects precancer by enabling depth-resolved measurements of nuclear morphology in vivo. A significant limitation of a/LCI is the point-probe nature of the method, sampling <0.5 mm2 before probe relocation is necessary. In this work, we demonstrate a scanning method capable of assessing an area >100 mm2 without repositioning. By utilizing a reflection-only three-optic rotator prism and a two-axis scanning mirror, we demonstrate radial scans of a sample with a linear range of 12 mm and a full rotational range of 180°. Use of this design will improve the diagnostic utility of a/LCI for wide-area screening of tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Steelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kengyeh K. Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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11
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Ho D, Drake TK, Smith-McCune KK, Darragh TM, Hwang LY, Wax A. Feasibility of clinical detection of cervical dysplasia using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1447-1456. [PMID: 27883177 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to establish the feasibility of using in situ depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements for detection of cervical dysplasia. Forty enrolled patients received routine cervical colposcopy with angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) measurements of nuclear morphology. a/LCI scans from 63 tissue sites were compared to histopathological analysis of co-registered biopsy specimens which were classified as benign, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Results were dichotomized as dysplastic (LSIL/HSIL) versus non-dysplastic and HSIL versus LSIL/benign to determine both accuracy and potential clinical utility of a/LCI nuclear morphology measurements. Analysis of a/LCI data was conducted using both traditional Mie theory based processing and a new hybrid algorithm that provides improved processing speed to ascertain the feasibility of real-time measurements. Analysis of depth-resolved nuclear morphology data revealed a/LCI was able to detect a significant increase in the nuclear diameter at the depth bin containing the basal layer of the epithelium for dysplastic versus non-dysplastic and HSIL versus LSIL/Benign biopsy sites (both p < 0.001). Both processing techniques resulted in high sensitivity and specificity (>0.80) in identifying dysplastic biopsies and HSIL. The hybrid algorithm demonstrated a threefold decrease in processing time at a slight cost in classification accuracy. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using a/LCI as an adjunctive clinical tool for detecting cervical dysplasia and guiding the identification of optimal biopsy sites. The faster speed from the hybrid algorithm offers a promising approach for real-time clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Tyler K Drake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Karen K Smith-McCune
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Teresa M Darragh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Loris Y Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
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12
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Naser M, Graham MT, Pierre K, Boustany NN. Label-Free Classification of Bax/Bak Expressing vs. Double-Knockout Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3398-3407. [PMID: 27256359 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We combine optical scatter imaging with principal component analysis (PCA) to classify apoptosis-competent Bax/Bak-expressing, and apoptosis resistant Bax/Bak-null immortalized baby mouse kidney cells. We apply PCA to 100 stacks each containing 236 dark-field cell images filtered with an optically implemented Gabor filter with period between 0.3 and 2.9 μm. Each stack yields an "eigencell" image corresponding to the first principal component obtained at one of the 100 Gabor filter periods used. At each filter period, each cell image is multiplied by (projected onto) the eigencell image. A Feature Matrix consisting of 236 × 100 scalar values is thus constructed with significantly reduced dimension compared to the initial dataset. Utilizing this Feature Matrix, we implement a supervised linear discriminant analysis and classify successfully the Bax/Bak-expressing and Bax/Bak-null cells with 94.7% accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993. Applying a feature selection algorithm further reveals that the Gabor filter period ranges most significant for the classification correspond to both large (likely nuclear) features as well as small sized features (likely organelles present in the cytoplasm). Our results suggest that cells with a genetic defect in their apoptosis pathway can be differentiated from their normal counterparts by label-free multi-parametric optical scatter data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michelle T Graham
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kamau Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nada N Boustany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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13
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Kim S, Heflin S, Kresty LA, Halling M, Perez LN, Ho D, Crose M, Brown W, Farsiu S, Arshavsky V, Wax A. Analyzing spatial correlations in tissue using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry measurements guided by co-located optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1400-14. [PMID: 27446664 PMCID: PMC4929650 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an optical technique used to measure nuclear morphology in situ. However, a/LCI is not an imaging modality and can produce ambiguous results when the measurements are not properly oriented to the tissue architecture. Here we present a 2D a/LCI system which incorporates optical coherence tomography imaging to guide the measurements. System design and characterization are presented, along with example cases which demonstrate the utility of the combined measurements. In addition, future development and applications of this dual modality approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie Heflin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura A. Kresty
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226 USA
| | - Meredith Halling
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226 USA
| | - Laura N. Perez
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226 USA
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michael Crose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - William Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Vadim Arshavsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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14
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Halaney DL, Zahedivash A, Phipps JE, Wang T, Dwelle J, Saux CJL, Asmis R, Milner TE, Feldman MD. Differences in forward angular light scattering distributions between M1 and M2 macrophages. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:115002. [PMID: 26538329 PMCID: PMC4881287 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to distinguish macrophage subtypes noninvasively could have diagnostic potential in cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, where polarized M1 and M2 macrophages play critical and often opposing roles. Current methods to distinguish macrophage subtypes rely on tissue biopsy. Optical imaging techniques based on light scattering are of interest as they can be translated into biopsy-free strategies. Because mitochondria are relatively strong subcellular light scattering centers, and M2 macrophages are known to have enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis compared to M1, we hypothesized that M1 and M2 macrophages may have different angular light scattering profiles. To test this, we developed an in vitro angle-resolved forward light scattering measurement system. We found that M1 and M2 macrophage monolayers scatter relatively unequal amounts of light in the forward direction between 1.6 deg and 3.2 deg with M2 forward scattering significantly more light than M1 at increasing angles. The ratio of forward scattering can be used to identify the polarization state of macrophage populations in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Halaney
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Aydin Zahedivash
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Phipps
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Tianyi Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan Dwelle
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Reto Asmis
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Biochemistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Thomas E. Milner
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marc D. Feldman
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Marc D. Feldman, E-mail:
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15
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Ho D, Drake TK, Bentley RC, Valea FA, Wax A. Evaluation of hybrid algorithm for analysis of scattered light using ex vivo nuclear morphology measurements of cervical epithelium. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2755-65. [PMID: 26309741 PMCID: PMC4541505 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate a new hybrid algorithm for determining nuclear morphology using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) measurements in ex vivo cervical tissue. The algorithm combines Mie theory based and continuous wavelet transform inverse light scattering analysis. The hybrid algorithm was validated and compared to traditional Mie theory based analysis using an ex vivo tissue data set. The hybrid algorithm achieved 100% agreement with pathology in distinguishing dysplastic and non-dysplastic biopsy sites in the pilot study. Significantly, the new algorithm performed over four times faster than traditional Mie theory based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tyler K. Drake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rex C. Bentley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Fidel A. Valea
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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16
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Omar E. Current concepts and future of noninvasive procedures for diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma--a systematic review. Head Face Med 2015; 11:6. [PMID: 25889859 PMCID: PMC4396078 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-015-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a remarkably high incidence worldwide, and a fairly serious prognosis, encouraging further research into advanced technologies for noninvasive methods of making early diagnoses, ideally in primary care settings. Objectives Our purpose was to examine the validity of using advanced noninvasive technologies in diagnosis of OSCC by identifying and evaluating relevant published reports. Data source MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched to identify clinical trials and other information published between 1990 and 10 June 2014; the searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE were updated to November 2014. Study selection: Studies of noninvasive methods of diagnosing OSCC, including oral brush biopsy, optical biopsy, saliva-based oral cancer diagnosis, and others were included. Data extraction Data were abstracted and evaluated in duplicate for possible relevance on two occasions at an interval of 2 months before being included or excluded. Data synthesis This study identified 163 studies of noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC that met the inclusion criteria. These included six studies of oral brush biopsy, 42 of saliva-based oral diagnosis, and 115 of optical biopsy. Sixty nine of these studies were assessed by the modified version of the QUADAS instrument. Saliva-based oral cancer diagnosis and optical biopsy were found to be promising noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC. Limitation The strength of evidence was rated low for accuracy outcomes because the studies did not report important details required to assess the risk for bias. Conclusions It is clear that screening for and early detection of cancer and pre-cancerous lesions have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Advances in technologies for saliva-based oral diagnosis and optical biopsy are promising pathways for the future development of more effective noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC that are easy to perform clinically in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Omar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Ho D, Kim S, Drake TK, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Wavelet transform fast inverse light scattering analysis for size determination of spherical scatterers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3292-304. [PMID: 25360350 PMCID: PMC4206302 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a fast approach for size determination of spherical scatterers using the continuous wavelet transform of the angular light scattering profile to address the computational limitations of previously developed sizing techniques. The potential accuracy, speed, and robustness of the algorithm were determined in simulated models of scattering by polystyrene beads and cells. The algorithm was tested experimentally on angular light scattering data from polystyrene bead phantoms and MCF-7 breast cancer cells using a 2D a/LCI system. Theoretical sizing of simulated profiles of beads and cells produced strong fits between calculated and actual size (r(2) = 0.9969 and r(2) = 0.9979 respectively), and experimental size determinations were accurate to within one micron.
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18
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Damania D, Subramanian H, Backman V, Anderson EC, Wong MH, McCarty OJT, Phillips KG. Network signatures of nuclear and cytoplasmic density alterations in a model of pre and postmetastatic colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:16016. [PMID: 24441943 PMCID: PMC4019418 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.016016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells contributing to the pathogenesis of cancer possess cytoplasmic and nuclear structural alterations that accompany their aberrant genetic, epigenetic, and molecular perturbations. Although it is known that architectural changes in primary and metastatic tumor cells can be quantified through variations in cellular density at the nanometer and micrometer spatial scales, the interdependent relationships among nuclear and cytoplasmic density as a function of tumorigenic potential has not been thoroughly investigated. We present a combined optical approach utilizing quantitative phase microscopy and partial wave spectroscopic microscopy to perform parallel structural characterizations of cellular architecture. Using the isogenic SW480 and SW620 cell lines as a model of pre and postmetastatic transition in colorectal cancer, we demonstrate that nuclear and cytoplasmic nanoscale disorder, micron-scale dry mass content, mean dry mass density, and shape metrics of the dry mass density histogram are uniquely correlated within and across different cellular compartments for a given cell type. The correlations of these physical parameters can be interpreted as networks whose nodal importance and level of connection independence differ according to disease stage. This work demonstrates how optically derived biophysical parameters are linked within and across different cellular compartments during the architectural orchestration of the metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwanil Damania
- Northwestern University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Northwestern University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Eric C. Anderson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Kevin G. Phillips
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Address all correspondence to: Kevin Phillips, E-mail:
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19
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Advances in optical adjunctive AIDS for visualisation and detection of oral malignant and potentially malignant lesions. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:194029. [PMID: 24078812 PMCID: PMC3775423 DOI: 10.1155/2013/194029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods of screening for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral malignancies involve a conventional oral examination with digital palpation. Evidence indicates that conventional examination is a poor discriminator of oral mucosal lesions. A number of optical aids have been developed to assist the clinician to detect oral mucosal abnormalities and to differentiate benign lesions from sinister pathology. This paper discusses advances in optical technologies designed for the detection of oral mucosal abnormalities. The literature regarding such devices, VELscope and Identafi, is critically analysed, and the novel use of Narrow Band Imaging within the oral cavity is also discussed. Optical aids are effective in assisting with the detection of oral mucosal abnormalities; however, further research is required to evaluate the usefulness of these devices in differentiating benign lesions from potentially malignant and malignant lesions.
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20
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Yarmoska SK, Kim S, Matthews TE, Wax A. A scattering phantom for observing long range order with two-dimensional angle-resolved Low-Coherence Interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1742-8. [PMID: 24049694 PMCID: PMC3771844 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an approach for assessing tissue structure based on light scattering data. Recent advances in a/LCI have extended the analysis to study scattering distributions in two dimensions. In order to provide suitable scattering phantoms for 2D a/LCI, we have developed phantoms based on soft lithography which can provide a range of structures including long range order. Here we characterize these phantoms and demonstrate their utility for providing standardized multi-scale structural information for light scattering measurements.
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21
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Yang Y, Wang T, Brewer M, Zhu Q. Quantitative analysis of angle-resolved scattering properties of ovarian tissue using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:90503-1. [PMID: 23085900 PMCID: PMC3434469 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.9.090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved optical scattering properties of ovarian tissue, on different optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging planes, were quantitatively measured by fitting the compounded OCT A-lines into a single scattering model. Higher cross correlation value of angle-resolved scattering coefficients between different OCT imaging planes was found in normal ovaries than was present in malignant ovaries. The mean cross correlation coefficient (MCC) was introduced in this pilot study to characterize and differentiate normal, n=6, and malignant, n=4, ovaries. A specificity of 100 percent and a sensitivity of 100 percent were achieved by setting MCC threshold at 0.6. Collagen properties, within the OCT imaging penetration depth, were also qualitatively studied in terms of their content, structure and directivity. The homogeneous three-dimensional collagen fiber network, observed in the normal ovary, effectively explains the stronger cross correlation of angle-resolved scattering properties on different imaging planes while the heterogeneity, observed in the malignant ovary, suggests a weaker correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Tianheng Wang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Molly Brewer
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Quing Zhu
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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22
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Carignan CS, Yagi Y. Optical endomicroscopy and the road to real-time, in vivo pathology: present and future. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:98. [PMID: 22889003 PMCID: PMC3502368 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial cancers account for substantial mortality and are an important public health concern. With the need for earlier detection and treatment of these malignancies, the ability to accurately detect precancerous lesions has an increasingly important role in controlling cancer incidence and mortality. New optical technologies are capable of identifying early pathology in tissues or organs in which cancer is known to develop through stages of dysplasia, including the esophagus, colon, pancreas, liver, bladder, and cervix. These diagnostic imaging advances, together as a field known as optical endomicroscopy, are based on confocal microscopy, spectroscopy-based imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and function as "optical biopsies," enabling tissue pathology to be imaged in situ and in real time without the need to excise and process specimens as in conventional biopsy and histopathology. Optical biopsy techniques can acquire high-resolution, cross-sectional images of tissue structure on the micron scale through the use of endoscopes, catheters, laparoscopes, and needles. Since the inception of these technologies, dramatic technological advances in accuracy, speed, and functionality have been realized. The current paradigm of optical biopsy, or single-area, point-based images, is slowly shifting to more comprehensive microscopy of larger tracts of mucosa. With the development of Fourier-domain OCT, also known as optical frequency domain imaging or, more recently, volumetric laser endomicroscopy, comprehensive surveillance of the entire distal esophagus is now achievable at speeds that were not possible with conventional OCT technologies. Optical diagnostic technologies are emerging as clinically useful tools with the potential to set a new standard for real-time diagnosis. New imaging techniques enable visualization of high-resolution, cross-sectional images and offer the opportunity to guide biopsy, allowing maximal diagnostic yields and appropriate staging without the limitations and risks inherent with current random biopsy protocols. However, the ability of these techniques to achieve widespread adoption in clinical practice depends on future research designed to improve accuracy and allow real-time data transmission and storage, thereby linking pathology to the treating physician. These imaging advances are expected to eventually offer a see-and-treat paradigm, leading to improved patient care and potential cost reduction. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5372548637202968.
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23
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Robles FE, Zhu Y, Lee J, Sharma S, Wax A. Detection of early colorectal cancer development in the azoxymethane rat carcinogenesis model with Fourier domain low coherence interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:736-745. [PMID: 21258505 PMCID: PMC3017982 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fourier domain low coherence interferometry (fLCI) is an emerging optical technique used to quantitatively assess cell nuclear morphology in tissue as a means of detecting early cancer development. In this work, we use the azoxymethane rat carcinogenesis model, a well characterized and established model for colon cancer research, to demonstrate the ability of fLCI to distinguish between normal and preneoplastic ex-vivo colon tissue. The results show highly statistically significant differences between the measured cell nuclear diameters of normal and azoxymethane-treated tissues, thus providing strong evidence that fLCI may be a powerful tool for non-invasive, quantitative detection of early changes associated with colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E. Robles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics,
Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
- Medical Physics Program, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Yizheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics,
Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Jin Lee
- The Hamner Institutes for Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sheela Sharma
- The Hamner Institutes for Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics,
Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
- Medical Physics Program, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA
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