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Hastings N, Kuan WL, Osborne A, Kotter MRN. Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221105499. [PMID: 35770772 PMCID: PMC9251977 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is an attractive treatment strategy for a variety of brain disorders, as it promises to replenish lost functions and rejuvenate the brain. In particular, transplantation of astrocytes has come into light recently as a therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); moreover, grafting of astrocytes also showed positive results in models of other conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases of older age to traumatic injury and stroke. Despite clear differences in etiology, disorders such as ALS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as traumatic injury and stroke, converge on a number of underlying astrocytic abnormalities, which include inflammatory changes, mitochondrial damage, calcium signaling disturbance, hemichannel opening, and loss of glutamate transporters. In this review, we examine these convergent pathways leading to astrocyte dysfunction, and explore the existing evidence for a therapeutic potential of transplantation of healthy astrocytes in various models. Existing literature presents a wide variety of methods to generate astrocytes, or relevant precursor cells, for subsequent transplantation, while described outcomes of this type of treatment also differ between studies. We take technical differences between methodologies into account to understand the variability of therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, at a deeper level. We conclude by discussing some key requirements of an astrocyte graft that would be most suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Hastings
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R N Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Moshkforoush A, Balachandar L, Moncion C, Montejo KA, Riera J. Unraveling ChR2-driven stochastic Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes: A call for new interventional paradigms. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008648. [PMID: 33566841 PMCID: PMC7875401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic targeting of astrocytes provides a robust experimental model to differentially induce Ca2+ signals in astrocytes in vivo. However, a systematic study quantifying the response of optogenetically modified astrocytes to light is yet to be performed. Here, we propose a novel stochastic model of Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes that incorporates a light sensitive component-channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2). Utilizing this model, we investigated the effect of different light stimulation paradigms on cells expressing select variants of ChR2 (wild type, ChETA, and ChRET/TC). Results predict that depending on paradigm specification, astrocytes might undergo drastic changes in their basal Ca2+ level and spiking probability. Furthermore, we performed a global sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of variation in parameters pertinent to the shape of the ChR2 photocurrent on astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics. Results suggest that directing variants towards the first open state of the ChR2 photocycle (o1) enhances spiking activity in astrocytes during optical stimulation. Evaluation of the effect of Ca2+ buffering and coupling coefficient in a network of ChR2-expressing astrocytes demonstrated basal level elevations in the stimulated region and propagation of calcium activity to unstimulated cells. Buffering reduced the diffusion range of Ca2+ within the network, thereby limiting propagation and influencing the activity of astrocytes. Collectively, the framework presented in this study provides valuable information for the selection of light stimulation paradigms that elicit desired astrocytic activity using existing ChR2 constructs, as well as aids in the engineering of future application-oriented optogenetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Moshkforoush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lakshmini Balachandar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carolina Moncion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karla A. Montejo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jorge Riera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang CH, Shih YYI, Siow TY, Hsu YH, Chen CCV, Lin TN, Jaw FS, Chang C. Temporal assessment of vascular reactivity and functionality using MRI during postischemic proangiogenenic vascular remodeling. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:903-10. [PMID: 25944092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postischemic angiogenesis is an important recovery mechanism. Both arteries and veins are upregulated during angiogenesis, but eventually there are more angiogenic veins than arteries in terms of number and length. It is critical to understand how the veins are modulated after ischemia and then transitioned into angiogenic vessels during the proangiogenic stage to finally serve as a restorative strength to the injured area. Using a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia, the hypercapnic blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response was used to evaluate vascular reactivity, while the hyperoxic BOLD and tissue oxygen level-dependent (TOLD) responses were used to evaluate the vascular functionality at 1, 3, and 7days after ischemia. Vessel-like venous signals appeared on R2* maps on days 3 and 7, but not on day 1. The large hypercapnic BOLD responses on days 3 and 7 indicated that these areas have high vascular reactivity. The temporal correlation between vascular reactivity and the immunoreactivity to desmin and VEGF further indicates that the integrity of vascular reactivity is associated with the pericyte coverage as regulated by the VEGF level. Vascular functionality remained low on days 1, 3, and 7, as reflected by the small hyperoxic BOLD and large hyperoxic TOLD responses, indicating the low oxygen consumption of the ischemic tissues. These functional changes in proangiogenic veins may be critical for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Experimental Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tiing-Yee Siow
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chi V Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shan Jaw
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhao H, Aoshi T, Kawai S, Mori Y, Konishi A, Ozkan M, Fujita Y, Haseda Y, Shimizu M, Kohyama M, Kobiyama K, Eto K, Nabekura J, Horii T, Ishino T, Yuda M, Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Akira S, Kinoshita M, Tohyama K, Yoshioka Y, Ishii KJ, Coban C. Olfactory plays a key role in spatiotemporal pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 15:551-63. [PMID: 24832450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection characterized by sudden coma, death, or neurodisability. Studies using a mouse model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) have indicated that blood-brain barrier disruption and CD8 T cell recruitment contribute to disease, but the spatiotemporal mechanisms are poorly understood. We show by ultra-high-field MRI and multiphoton microscopy that the olfactory bulb is physically and functionally damaged (loss of smell) by Plasmodium parasites during ECM. The trabecular small capillaries comprising the olfactory bulb show parasite accumulation and cell occlusion followed by microbleeding, events associated with high fever and cytokine storm. Specifically, the olfactory upregulates chemokine CCL21, and loss or functional blockade of its receptors CCR7 and CXCR3 results in decreased CD8 T cell activation and recruitment, respectively, as well as prolonged survival. Thus, early detection of olfaction loss and blockade of pathological cell recruitment may offer potential therapeutic strategies for ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawai
- Departments of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aki Konishi
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Muge Ozkan
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujita
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunari Haseda
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Mikiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kei Eto
- Division of Homeostatic Development Unit, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development Unit, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Masao Yuda
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Koujiro Tohyama
- Laboratory for Nano-neuroanatomy, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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