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Liu HC, Lin MH, Ting CH, Wang YM, Sun CW. Intraoperative application of optical coherence tomography for lung tumor. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200344. [PMID: 36755475 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On-site instant determination of benign or malignant tumors for deciding the types of resection is crucial during pulmonary surgery. We designed a portable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system to do real-time scanning intraoperatively for the distinction of fresh tumor specimens in the lung. A total of 12 ex vivo lung specimens from six patients were enrolled. Three patients were diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), while the others were benign. After OCT-imaged reconstruction, we compared the qualitative morphology of OCT and histology among malignant, benign, and normal tissues. In addition, through analysis of the quantitative data, a discrete difference in optical attenuation coefficients around the junctional surface was shown by our data processing. This study demonstrated a feasible OCT-assisted resection guide by a rapid on-site tumor diagnosis. The results indicate that future deep learning of OCT-captured image systems able to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hui Lin
- Biomedical Optical Imaging Lab, Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Ting
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Biomedical Optical Imaging Lab, Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Sun
- Biomedical Optical Imaging Lab, Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation and Translation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang S, Murff C, Leng T, Groth SL, Bowden AK. Depth-resolved extraction of optical attenuation for glaucoma assessment in clinical settings: a pilot study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4326-4337. [PMID: 36032564 PMCID: PMC9408251 DOI: 10.1364/boe.461348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the ability of the optical attenuation coefficient (AC) to detect early-stage glaucoma with two AC estimation algorithms: retinal layer intensity ratio (LIR) and depth-resolved confocal (DRC). We also introduced new depth-dependent AC parameters for retinal nerve fiber layer assessment. Optical coherence tomography B-scans were collected from 44 eyes of age-similar participants with eye health ranging from healthy to severe glaucoma, including glaucoma suspect patients. Mean AC values estimated from the DRC method are comparable to ratio-extracted values (p > 0.5 for all study groups), and the depth-dependent ACDRC parameters enhance the utility of the AC for detection of early-stage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chang
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Clara Murff
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Theodore Leng
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Sylvia L. Groth
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Audrey K. Bowden
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Latus S, Sprenger J, Neidhardt M, Schadler J, Ron A, Fitzek A, Schluter M, Breitfeld P, Heinemann A, Puschel K, Schlaefer A. Rupture Detection During Needle Insertion Using Complex OCT Data and CNNs. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3059-3067. [PMID: 33651681 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3063069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soft tissue deformation and ruptures complicate needle placement. However, ruptures at tissue interfaces also contain information which helps physicians to navigate through different layers. This navigation task can be challenging, whenever ultrasound (US) image guidance is hard to align and externally sensed forces are superimposed by friction. METHODS We propose an experimental setup for reproducible needle insertions, applying optical coherence tomography (OCT) directly at the needle tip as well as external US and force measurements. Processing the complex OCT data is challenging as the penetration depth is limited and the data can be difficult to interpret. Using a machine learning approach, we show that ruptures can be detected in the complex OCT data without additional external guidance or measurements after training with multi-modal ground-truth from US and force. RESULTS We can detect ruptures with accuracies of 0.94 and 0.91 on homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms, respectively, and 0.71 for ex-situ tissues. CONCLUSION We propose an experimental setup and deep learning based rupture detection for the complex OCT data in front of the needle tip, even in deeper tissue structures without the need for US or force sensor guiding. SIGNIFICANCE This study promises a suitable approach to complement a robust robotic needle placement.
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Bayesian analysis of depth resolved OCT attenuation coefficients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2263. [PMID: 33500435 PMCID: PMC7838413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical technique which allows for volumetric visualization of the internal structures of translucent materials. Additional information can be gained by measuring the rate of signal attenuation in depth. Techniques have been developed to estimate the rate of attenuation on a voxel by voxel basis. This depth resolved attenuation analysis gives insight into tissue structure and organization in a spatially resolved way. However, the presence of speckle in the OCT measurement causes the attenuation coefficient image to contain unrealistic fluctuations and makes the reliability of these images at the voxel level poor. While the distribution of speckle in OCT images has appeared in literature, the resulting voxelwise corruption of the attenuation analysis has not. In this work, the estimated depth resolved attenuation coefficient from OCT data with speckle is shown to be approximately exponentially distributed. After this, a prior distribution for the depth resolved attenuation coefficient is derived for a simple system using statistical mechanics. Finally, given a set of depth resolved estimates which were made from OCT data in the presence of speckle, a posterior probability distribution for the true voxelwise attenuation coefficient is derived and a Bayesian voxelwise estimator for the coefficient is given. These results are demonstrated in simulation and validated experimentally.
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Micko A, Placzek F, Fonollà R, Winklehner M, Sentosa R, Krause A, Vila G, Höftberger R, Andreana M, Drexler W, Leitgeb RA, Unterhuber A, Wolfsberger S. Diagnosis of Pituitary Adenoma Biopsies by Ultrahigh Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Using Neuronal Networks. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:730100. [PMID: 34733239 PMCID: PMC8560084 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.730100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite advancements of intraoperative visualization, the difficulty to visually distinguish adenoma from adjacent pituitary gland due to textural similarities may lead to incomplete adenoma resection or impairment of pituitary function. The aim of this study was to investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in combination with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for objectively identify pituitary adenoma tissue in an ex vivo setting. METHODS A prospective study was conducted to train and test a CNN algorithm to identify pituitary adenoma tissue in OCT images of adenoma and adjacent pituitary gland samples. From each sample, 500 slices of adjacent cross-sectional OCT images were used for CNN classification. RESULTS OCT data acquisition was feasible in 19/20 (95%) patients. The 16.000 OCT slices of 16/19 of cases were employed for creating a trained CNN algorithm (70% for training, 15% for validating the classifier). Thereafter, the classifier was tested on the paired samples of three patients (3.000 slices). The CNN correctly predicted adenoma in the 3 adenoma samples (98%, 100% and 84% respectively), and correctly predicted gland and transition zone in the 3 samples from the adjacent pituitary gland. CONCLUSION Trained convolutional neural network computing has the potential for fast and objective identification of pituitary adenoma tissue in OCT images with high sensitivity ex vivo. However, further investigation with larger number of samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Micko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Placzek
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger Fonollà
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Video Coding and Architectures, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Michael Winklehner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryan Sentosa
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Krause
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Greisa Vila
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the Department of Internal Medicine III, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer A. Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory Innovative Optical Imaging and its Translation for “Innovative Optical Imaging and its Translation into Medicine” (OPTRAMED), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Wolfsberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Stefan Wolfsberger,
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Placzek F, Micko A, Sentosa R, Fonollà R, Winklehner M, Hosmann A, Andreana M, Höftberger R, Drexler W, Leitgeb RA, Wolfsberger S, Unterhuber A. Towards ultrahigh resolution OCT based endoscopical pituitary gland and adenoma screening: a performance parameter evaluation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7003-7018. [PMID: 33408976 PMCID: PMC7747926 DOI: 10.1364/boe.409987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) for differentiating pituitary gland versus adenoma tissue has been investigated for the first time, indicating more than 80% accuracy. For biomarker identification, OCT images of paraffin embedded tissue are correlated to histopathological slices. The identified biomarkers are verified on fresh biopsies. Additionally, an approach, based on resolution modified UHR-OCT ex vivo data, investigating optical performance parameters for the realization in an in vivo endoscope is presented and evaluated. The identified morphological features-cell groups with reticulin framework-detectable with UHR-OCT showcase a promising differentiation ability, encouraging endoscopic OCT probe development for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Placzek
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alexander Micko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ryan Sentosa
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger Fonollà
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Video Coding and Architectures, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Winklehner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Hosmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer A. Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Wolfsberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Swaan A, Muller BG, Wilk LS, Almasian M, Zwartkruis ECH, Rozendaal LR, de Bruin DM, Faber DJ, van Leeuwen TG, van Herk MB. En-face optical coherence tomography for the detection of cancer in prostatectomy specimens: Quantitative analysis in 20 patients. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960105. [PMID: 32049426 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase histopathological evaluation of prostatectomy specimens rises the workload on pathologists. Automated histopathology systems, preferably directly on unstained specimens, would accelerate the pathology workflow. In this study, we investigate the potential of quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to separate benign from malignant prostate tissue automatically. Twenty fixated prostates were cut, from which 54 slices were scanned by OCT. Quantitative OCT metrics (attenuation coefficient, residue, goodness-of-fit) were compared for different tissue types, annotated on the histology slides. To avoid misclassification, the poor-quality slides, and edges of annotations were excluded. Accurate registration of OCT data with histology was achieved in 31 slices. After removing outliers, 56% of the OCT data was compared with histopathology. The quantitative data could not separate malignant from benign tissue. Logistic regression resulted in malignant detection with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.34. Quantitative OCT analysis should be improved before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Swaan
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berrend G Muller
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leah S Wilk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitra Almasian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evita C H Zwartkruis
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Rence Rozendaal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B van Herk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Gong P, Almasian M, van Soest G, de Bruin DM, van Leeuwen TG, Sampson DD, Faber DJ. Parametric imaging of attenuation by optical coherence tomography: review of models, methods, and clinical translation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-34. [PMID: 32246615 PMCID: PMC7118361 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.4.040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional and volumetric images of backscattering from biological tissue that reveal the tissue morphology. The strength of the scattering, characterized by an attenuation coefficient, represents an alternative and complementary tissue optical property, which can be characterized by parametric imaging of the OCT attenuation coefficient. Over the last 15 years, a multitude of studies have been reported seeking to advance methods to determine the OCT attenuation coefficient and developing them toward clinical applications. AIM Our review provides an overview of the main models and methods, their assumptions and applicability, together with a survey of preclinical and clinical demonstrations and their translation potential. RESULTS The use of the attenuation coefficient, particularly when presented in the form of parametric en face images, is shown to be applicable in various medical fields. Most studies show the promise of the OCT attenuation coefficient in differentiating between tissues of clinical interest but vary widely in approach. CONCLUSIONS As a future step, a consensus on the model and method used for the determination of the attenuation coefficient is an important precursor to large-scale studies. With our review, we hope to provide a basis for discussion toward establishing this consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- The University of Western Australia, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Address all correspondence to Peijun Gong, E-mail:
| | - Mitra Almasian
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. de Bruin
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David D. Sampson
- The University of Western Australia, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Surrey, Surrey Biophotonics, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yuan W, Chen D, Sarabia-Estrada R, Guerrero-Cázares H, Li D, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Li X. Theranostic OCT microneedle for fast ultrahigh-resolution deep-brain imaging and efficient laser ablation in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz9664. [PMID: 32300661 PMCID: PMC7148106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current minimally invasive optical techniques for in vivo deep-brain imaging provide a limited resolution, field of view, and speed. These limitations prohibit direct assessment of detailed histomorphology of various deep-seated brain diseases at their native state and therefore hinder the potential clinical utilities of those techniques. Here, we report an ultracompact (580 μm in outer diameter) theranostic deep-brain microneedle combining 800-nm optical coherence tomography imaging with laser ablation. Its performance was demonstrated by in vivo ultrahigh-resolution (1.7 μm axial and 5.7 μm transverse), high-speed (20 frames per second) volumetric imaging of mouse brain microstructures and optical attenuation coefficients. Its translational potential was further demonstrated by in vivo cancer visualization (with an imaging depth of 1.23 mm) and efficient tissue ablation (with a 1448-nm continuous-wave laser at a 350-mW power) in a deep mouse brain (with an ablation depth of about 600 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Dawei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Chang S, Bowden AK. Review of methods and applications of attenuation coefficient measurements with optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-17. [PMID: 31520468 PMCID: PMC6997582 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The optical attenuation coefficient (AC), an important tissue parameter that measures how quickly incident light is attenuated when passing through a medium, has been shown to enable quantitative analysis of tissue properties from optical coherence tomography (OCT) signals. Successful extraction of this parameter would facilitate tissue differentiation and enhance the diagnostic value of OCT. In this review, we discuss the physical and mathematical basis of AC extraction from OCT data, including current approaches used in modeling light scattering in tissue and in AC estimation. We also report on demonstrated clinical applications of the AC, such as for atherosclerotic tissue characterization, malignant lesion detection, and brain injury visualization. With current studies showing AC analysis as a promising technique, further efforts in the development of methods to accurately extract the AC and to explore its potential use for more extensive clinical applications are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chang
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Audrey K. Bowden
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Address all correspondence to Audrey K. Bowden, E-mail:
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Eissa A, Zoeir A, Sighinolfi MC, Puliatti S, Bevilacqua L, Del Prete C, Bertoni L, Azzoni P, Reggiani Bonetti L, Micali S, Bianchi G, Rocco B. "Real-time" Assessment of Surgical Margins During Radical Prostatectomy: State-of-the-Art. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:95-104. [PMID: 31784282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histopathologic examination of the pathologic specimens using hematoxylin & eosin stains represents the backbone of the modern pathology. It is time-consuming; thus, "real-time" assessment of prostatic and periprostatic tissue has gained special interest in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. The current study focuses on the review of the different available techniques for "real-time" evaluation of surgical margins during radical prostatectomy (RP). We performed a comprehensive search of the Medline database to identify all the articles discussing "real-time" or intraoperative assessment of surgical margins during RP. Several filters were applied to the search to include only English articles performed on human subjects and published between January 2000 and March 2019. The search revealed several options for pathologic assessment of surgical margins including intraoperative frozen sections, confocal laser endomicroscopy, optical spectroscopy, photodynamic diagnosis, optical coherence tomography, multiphoton microscopy, structured illumination microscopy, 3D augmented reality, and ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscope. Frozen section represents the gold standard technique for real-time pathologic examinations of surgical margins during RP; however, several other options showed promising results in the initial clinical trials, and considering the rapid development in the field of molecular and cellular imaging, some of these options may serve as an alternative to frozen section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eissa
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zoeir
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Stefano Puliatti
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Bevilacqua
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Azzoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Micali
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bianchi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernardo Rocco
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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12
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Freund JE, Faber DJ, Bus MT, van Leeuwen TG, de Bruin DM. Grading upper tract urothelial carcinoma with the attenuation coefficient of in-vivo optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:399-406. [PMID: 30919487 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With catheter based optical coherence tomography (OCT), high resolution images of the upper urinary tract can be obtained, thereby facilitating the detection of upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC). We hypothesized that the attenuation coefficient of the OCT signal (μOCT ) is related to the histopathologic grade of the tumor. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to define the μOCT cut-off for discriminating high grade and low grade papillary UTUC. METHODS For this post-hoc analysis, data from OCT imaging of papillary UTUC was obtained from patients during ureterorenoscopy. OCT images and raw data were simultaneously analyzed with in-house developed software. The μOCT determined in papillary UTUCs and corresponding histopathologic grading from either biopsies or radical resection specimens were compared. RESULTS Thirty-five papillary UTUC from 35 patients were included. μOCT analysis was feasible in all cases. The median μOCT was 3.3 mm-1 (IQR 2.7-3.7 mm-1 ) for low-grade UTUC and 4.9 mm-1 (IQR 4.3-6.1 mm-1 ) for high-grade UTUC (P = 0.004). ROC analysis yielded a μOCT cut-off value of >4.0 mm-1 (AUC = 0.85, P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 94% for high-grade papillary UTUC. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes a μOCT cut-off of 4.0 mm-1 for quantitative grading of UTUC with ureterorenoscopic OCT imaging. The promising diagnostic accuracy calculations justify further studies to validate the proposed cut-off value. Implementation of the software for the μOCT analysis in OCT systems may allow for μOCT assessment at real time during ureterorenoscopy. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:399-406, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Erik Freund
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke T Bus
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Swaan A, Mannaerts CK, Muller BG, van Kollenburg RAA, Lucas M, Savci‐Heijink CD, van Leeuwen TG, de Reijke TM, de Bruin DM. The First In Vivo Needle-Based Optical Coherence Tomography in Human Prostate: A Safety and Feasibility Study. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:390-398. [PMID: 31090088 PMCID: PMC6617991 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the safety and feasibility of clinical in vivo needle-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two patients with prostate cancer underwent each two percutaneous in vivo needle-based OCT measurements before transperineal template mapping biopsy. The OCT probe was introduced via a needle and positioned under ultrasound guidance. To test the safety, adverse events were recorded during and after the procedure. To test the feasibility, OCT and US images were studied during and after the procedure. Corresponding regions for OCT and biopsy were determined. A uropathologist evaluated and annotated the histopathology. Three experts assessed all the corresponding OCT images. The OCT and biopsy conclusions for the corresponding regions were compared. RESULTS No adverse events during and following the, in total four, in vivo needle-based OCT measurements were reported. The OCT measurements showed images of prostatic tissue with a penetration depth of ~1.5 mm. The histological-proven tissue types, which were also found in the overlapping OCT images, were benign glands, stroma, glandular atrophy, and adenocarcinoma (Gleason pattern 3). CONCLUSIONS Clinical in vivo needle-based OCT of the prostate is feasible with no adverse events during measurements. OCT images displayed detailed prostatic tissue with a imaging depth up to ~1.5 mm. We could co-register four histological-proven tissue types with OCT images. The feasibility of in vivo OCT in the prostate opens the pathway to the next phase of needle-based OCT studies in the prostate. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:390-398, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Swaan
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Christophe K. Mannaerts
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Berrend G. Muller
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rob AA. van Kollenburg
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marit Lucas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C Dilara Savci‐Heijink
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Reijke
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105 AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Swaan A, Muller BG, Wilk LS, Almasian M, van Kollenburg RAA, Zwartkruis E, Rozendaal LR, de Bruin DM, Faber DJ, van Leeuwen TG, van Herk MB. One-to-one registration of en-face optical coherence tomography attenuation coefficients with histology of a prostatectomy specimen. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800274. [PMID: 30565879 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), enables high-resolution 3D imaging of the morphology of light scattering tissues. From the OCT signal, parameters can be extracted and related to tissue structures. One of the quantitative parameters is the attenuation coefficient; the rate at which the intensity of detected light decays in depth. To couple the quantitative parameters with the histology one-to-one registration is needed. The primary aim of this study is to validate a registration method of quantitative OCT parameters to histological tissue outcome through one-to-one registration of OCT with histology. We matched OCT images of unstained fixated prostate tissue slices with corresponding histology slides, wherein different histologic types were demarcated. Attenuation coefficients were determined by a supervised automated exponential fit (corrected for point spread function and sensitivity roll-off related signal losses) over a depth of 0.32 mm starting from 0.10 mm below the automatically detected tissue edge. Finally, the attenuation coefficients corresponding to the different tissue types of the prostate were compared. From the attenuation coefficients, we produced the squared relative residue and goodness-of-fit metric R2 . This article explains the method to perform supervised automated quantitative analysis of OCT data, and the one-to-one registration of OCT extracted quantitative data with histopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Swaan
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Berrend G Muller
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leah S Wilk
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mitra Almasian
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Evita Zwartkruis
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Rence Rozendaal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel B van Herk
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Cancer Science, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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Novel real-time optical imaging modalities for the detection of neoplastic lesions in urology: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2018; 33:1349-1367. [PMID: 30421080 PMCID: PMC6484817 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current optical diagnostic techniques for malignancies are limited in their diagnostic accuracy and lack the ability to further characterise disease, leading to the rapidly increasing development of novel imaging methods within urology. This systematic review critically appraises the literature for novel imagining modalities, in the detection and staging of urological cancer and assesses their effectiveness via their utility and accuracy. METHODS A systematic literature search utilising MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library Database was conducted from 1970 to September 2018 by two independent reviewers. Studies were included if they assessed real-time imaging modalities not already approved in guidelines, in vivo and in humans. Outcome measures included diagnostic accuracy and utility parameters, including feasibility and cost. RESULTS Of 5475 articles identified from screening, a final 46 were included. Imaging modalities for bladder cancer included optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal laser endomicroscopy, autofluorescence and spectroscopic techniques. OCT was the most widely investigated, with 12 studies demonstrating improvements in overall diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 74.5-100% and specificity 60-98.5%). Upper urinary tract malignancy diagnosis was assessed using photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), narrow band imaging, optical coherence tomography and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Only PDD demonstrated consistent improvements in overall diagnostic accuracy in five trials (sensitivity 94-96% and specificity 96.6-100%). Limited evidence for optical coherence tomography in percutaneous renal biopsy was identified, with anecdotal evidence for any modality in penile cancer. CONCLUSIONS Evidence supporting the efficacy for identified novel imaging modalities remains limited at present. However, OCT for bladder cancer and PDD in upper tract malignancy demonstrate the best potential for improvement in overall diagnostic accuracy. OCT may additionally aid intraoperative decision making via real-time staging of disease. Both modalities require ongoing investigation through larger, well-conducted clinical trials to assess their diagnostic accuracy, use as an intraoperative staging aid and how to best utilise them within clinical practice.
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