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Bec J, Zhou X, Villiger M, Southard JA, Bouma B, Marcu L. Dual modality intravascular catheter system combining pulse-sampling fluorescence lifetime imaging and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2114-2132. [PMID: 38633060 PMCID: PMC11019710 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The clinical management of coronary artery disease and the prevention of acute coronary syndromes require knowledge of the underlying atherosclerotic plaque pathobiology. Hybrid imaging modalities capable of comprehensive assessment of biochemical and morphological plaques features can address this need. Here we report the first implementation of an intravascular catheter system combining fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). This system provides multi-scale assessment of plaque structure and composition via high spatial resolution morphology from OCT, polarimetry-derived tissue microstructure, and biochemical composition from FLIm, without requiring any molecular contrast agent. This result was achieved with a low profile (2.7 Fr) double-clad fiber (DCF) catheter and high speed (100 fps B-scan rate, 40 mm/s pullback speed) console. Use of a DCF and broadband rotary junction required extensive optimization to mitigate the reduction in OCT performance originating from additional reflections and multipath artifacts. This challenge was addressed by the development of a broad-band (UV-visible-IR), high return loss (47 dB) rotary junction. We demonstrate in phantoms, ex vivo swine coronary specimens and in vivo swine heart (percutaneous coronary access) that the FLIm-PSOCT catheter system can simultaneously acquire co-registered FLIm data over four distinct spectral bands (380/20 nm, 400/20 nm, 452/45 nm, 540/45 nm) and PSOCT backscattered intensity, birefringence, and depolarization. The unique ability to collect complementary information from tissue (e.g., morphology, extracellular matrix composition, inflammation) with a device suitable for percutaneous coronary intervention offers new opportunities for cardiovascular research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bec
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangnan Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Southard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UC Davis Health System, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Brett Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura Marcu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Pance A, Ng BL, Mwikali K, Koutsourakis M, Agu C, Rouhani FJ, Montandon R, Law F, Ponstingl H, Rayner JC. Novel stem cell technologies are powerful tools to understand the impact of human factors on Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1287355. [PMID: 38173794 PMCID: PMC10762799 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1287355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum parasites have a complex life cycle, but the most clinically relevant stage of the disease is the invasion of erythrocytes and the proliferation of the parasite in the blood. The influence of human genetic traits on malaria has been known for a long time, however understanding the role of the proteins involved is hampered by the anuclear nature of erythrocytes that makes them inaccessible to genetic tools. Here we overcome this limitation using stem cells to generate erythroid cells with an in-vitro differentiation protocol and assess parasite invasion with an adaptation of flow cytometry to detect parasite hemozoin. We combine this strategy with reprogramming of patient cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and genome editing to understand the role of key genes and human traits in malaria infection. We show that deletion of basigin ablates invasion while deletion of ATP2B4 has a minor effect and that erythroid cells from reprogrammed patient-derived HbBart α-thalassemia samples poorly support infection. The possibility to obtain patient-secific and genetically modifed erythoid cells offers an unparalleled opportunity to study the role of human genes and polymorphisms in malaria allowing preservation of the genomic background to demonstrate their function and understand their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Pance
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Bee L. Ng
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kioko Mwikali
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Bioscience Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Chukwuma Agu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruddy Montandon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre of Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Law
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julian C. Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Double-Clad Fiber-Based Multifunctional Biosensors and Multimodal Bioimaging Systems: Technology and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020090. [PMID: 35200350 PMCID: PMC8869713 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers have been used to probe various tissue properties such as temperature, pH, absorption, and scattering. Combining different sensing and imaging modalities within a single fiber allows for increased sensitivity without compromising the compactness of an optical fiber probe. A double-clad fiber (DCF) can sustain concurrent propagation modes (single-mode, through its core, and multimode, through an inner cladding), making DCFs ideally suited for multimodal approaches. This study provides a technological review of how DCFs are used to combine multiple sensing functionalities and imaging modalities. Specifically, we discuss the working principles of DCF-based sensors and relevant instrumentation as well as fiber probe designs and functionalization schemes. Secondly, we review different applications using a DCF-based probe to perform multifunctional sensing and multimodal bioimaging.
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Zhang C, Aldana-Mendoza JA. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy for chemical imaging of biological systems. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abfd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) processes, including both the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, have been utilized in state-of-the-art microscopy platforms for chemical imaging of biological samples. The key advantage of CRS microscopy over fluorescence microscopy is label-free, which is an attractive characteristic for modern biological and medical sciences. Besides, CRS has other advantages such as higher selectivity to metabolites, no photobleaching, and narrow peak width. These features have brought fast-growing attention to CRS microscopy in biological research. In this review article, we will first briefly introduce the history of CRS microscopy, and then explain the theoretical background of the CRS processes in detail using the classical approach. Next, we will cover major instrumentation techniques of CRS microscopy. Finally, we will enumerate examples of recent applications of CRS imaging in biological and medical sciences.
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Sung JH, Chang JH. Mechanically Rotating Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Transducer: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3907. [PMID: 34198822 PMCID: PMC8201242 DOI: 10.3390/s21113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a valuable imaging modality for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. It provides useful clinical information, such as lumen size, vessel wall thickness, and plaque composition, by providing a cross-sectional vascular image. For several decades, IVUS has made remarkable progress in improving the accuracy of diagnosing cardiovascular disease that remains the leading cause of death globally. As the quality of IVUS images mainly depends on the performance of the IVUS transducer, various IVUS transducers have been developed. Therefore, in this review, recently developed mechanically rotating IVUS transducers, especially ones exploiting piezoelectric ceramics or single crystals, are discussed. In addition, this review addresses the history and technical challenges in the development of IVUS transducers and the prospects of next-generation IVUS transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Ho Chang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Deagu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
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Bailly C. Pyronaridine: An update of its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23398. [PMID: 33280083 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyronaridine (PYR) is an erythrocytic schizonticide with a potent antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium. The drug is used in combination with artesunate for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, in adults and children. The present review briefly retraces the discovery of PYR and recent antimalarial studies which has led to the approval of PYR/artesunate combination (Pyramax) by the European Medicines Agency to treat uncomplicated malaria worldwide. PYR also presents a marked antitumor activity and has revealed efficacy for the treatment of other parasitic diseases (notably Babesia and Trypanosoma infections) and to mitigate the Ebola virus propagation. On the one hand, PYR functions has an inhibitor of hemozoin (biomineral malaria pigment, by-product of hemoglobin digestion) formation, blocking the biopolymerization of β-hematin and thus facilitating the accumulation of toxic hematin into the digestive vacuole of the parasite. On the other hand, PYR is a bona fide DNA-intercalating agent and an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase 2, leading to DNA damages and cell death. Inhibition of hematin polymerization represents the prime mechanism at the origin of the antimalarial activity, whereas anticancer effects relies essentially on the interference with DNA metabolism, as with structurally related anticancer drugs like amsacrine and quinacrine. In addition, recent studies point to an immune modulatory activity of PYR and the implication of a mitochondrial oxidative pathway. An analogy with the mechanism of action of artemisinin drugs is underlined. In brief, the biological actions of pyronaridine are recapitulated to shed light on the diverse health benefits of this unsung drug.
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Francis AT, Shears MJ, Murphy SC, Fu D. Direct Quantification of Single Red Blood Cell Hemoglobin Concentration with Multiphoton Microscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12235-12241. [PMID: 32786430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blood disorders, diseases, and infections often affect the shape, number, and content of red blood cells (RBCs) dramatically. To combat these pathologies, many therapies target RBCs and their contents directly. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is an important pathological metric in both identification and treatment. However, current methods for RBC analysis and MCHC quantification rely on bulk measurements. Single RBC measurements could provide necessary insight into the heterogeneity of RBC health and improve therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we present a novel multimodal multiphoton approach for quantifying hemoglobin concentration at single RBC resolution. We achieve this by collecting two images simultaneously that allows us to excite water with stimulated Raman scattering and hemoglobin with transient absorption. This multimodal imaging is enabled by a newly designed orthogonal modulation theme for dual-channel lock-in detection. By leveraging water as an internal standard, we quantify MCHC of healthy RBCs and RBCs infected with Plasmodium yoelii, a commonly studied rodent parasite model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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