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Kessack L, Davenport G, McGlennan C, Bamber JH. Observational study of peripheral skin temperature changes following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean birth. Int J Obstet Anesth 2024; 58:103970. [PMID: 38485585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal anaesthesia is widely used in obstetric anaesthesia practice but there is limited knowledge about the development of sympathetic blockade following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean birth. This study investigated the characteristics of sympathetic blockade by measuring peripheral skin temperature changes in the feet of patients given spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean birth. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted involving 60 eligible parturients scheduled for elective caesarean birth with spinal anaesthesia. Skin temperature probes were attached to the dorsum of both feet, and temperature measurements were recorded every minute. The dose of spinal anaesthesia given, and other relevant patient data, were collected. RESULTS All participants had successful spinal anaesthesia. Following spinal anaesthesia, a sustained rise in skin temperature of both feet was observed, indicating the presence of sympathetic blockade. The maximum rate of temperature increase occurred between 6 and 15 min after the intrathecal injection and plateaued from 22 min after the injection. Control participants did not show any changes in foot temperature. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that successful spinal anaesthesia for caesarean birth results in a consistent and reliable rise in skin temperature of the feet that is evident after six minutes from intrathecal injection. The observed temperature changes provide indirect objective evidence of bilateral sympathetic blockade. Measurement of feet skin temperatures may serve as an additional objective indicator of successful spinal anaesthesia, along with tests of lower limb motor block and sensory block height. These findings contribute to the understanding of sympathetic blockade during spinal anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kessack
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK.
| | - G Davenport
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK
| | - C McGlennan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK
| | - J H Bamber
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Mota-Rojas D, Ghezzi MD, Hernández-Ávalos I, Domínguez-Oliva A, Casas-Alvarado A, Lendez PA, Ceriani MC, Wang D. Hypothalamic Neuromodulation of Hypothermia in Domestic Animals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:513. [PMID: 38338158 PMCID: PMC10854546 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
When an organism detects decreases in their core body temperature, the hypothalamus, the main thermoregulatory center, triggers compensatory responses. These responses include vasomotor changes to prevent heat loss and physiological mechanisms (e.g., shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis) for heat production. Both types of changes require the participation of peripheral thermoreceptors, afferent signaling to the spinal cord and hypothalamus, and efferent pathways to motor and/or sympathetic neurons. The present review aims to analyze the scientific evidence of the hypothalamic control of hypothermia and the central and peripheral changes that are triggered in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Pamela Anahí Lendez
- Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Ceriani
- Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Liu Z, Li H, Li W, Zhuang D, Zhang F, Ouyang W, Wang S, Bertolaccini L, Alskaf E, Pan X. Noncontact remote sensing of abnormal blood pressure using a deep neural network: a novel approach for hypertension screening. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:8657-8668. [PMID: 38106309 PMCID: PMC10722034 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background As the global burden of hypertension continues to increase, early diagnosis and treatment play an increasingly important role in improving the prognosis of patients. In this study, we developed and evaluated a method for predicting abnormally high blood pressure (HBP) from infrared (upper body) remote thermograms using a deep learning (DL) model. Methods The data used in this cross-sectional study were drawn from a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pilot cohort study comprising data from 252 volunteers recruited from 22 July to 4 September 2020. Original video files were cropped at 5 frame intervals to 3,800 frames per slice. Blood pressure (BP) information was measured using a Welch Allyn 71WT monitor prior to infrared imaging, and an abnormal increase in BP was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg. The PanycNet DL model was developed using a deep neural network to predict abnormal BP based on infrared thermograms. Results A total of 252 participants were included, of which 62.70% were male and 37.30% were female. The rate of abnormally high HBP was 29.20% of the total number. In the validation group (upper body), precision, recall, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were 0.930, 0.930, and 0.983 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.904-1.000], respectively, and the head showed the strongest predictive ability with an AUC of 0.868 (95% CI: 0.603-0.994). Conclusions This is the first technique that can perform screening for hypertension without contact using existing equipment and data. It is anticipated that this technique will be suitable for mass screening of the population for abnormal BP in public places and home BP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeye Liu
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donglin Zhuang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ouyang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzheng Wang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luca Bertolaccini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ebraham Alskaf
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Costa CMA, Narciso FV, Brant VM, Silva A, Borba DDA, Rosa JPP, Wanner SP, Romano-Silva MA, de Mello MT. Can the inner eye canthus temperature be used as an alternative method to measure core temperature in sleep-deprived individuals? J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103716. [PMID: 37806067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Core temperature is used in several situations, including studies on biological rhythms and circadian markers of physical performance. Measuring the inner eye canthus (Tco) temperature is a method proposed to identify core temperature, but it has shown little concordance in physical exercise situations and has not yet been used in studies with measurements taken throughout the day. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements and daily behavior of Tco obtained by infrared thermography with rectal temperature (Tre) during a prolonged waking protocol. Eleven male individuals participated in the study, who remained in the laboratory for at least 38 h using an actigraph to determine the wakefulness time and were monitored during the entire period. The Tre and Tco measurements were performed every 3 h. The ANOVA was used for repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to find the limits of concordance/proximity, while the Bland and Altman method and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to establish the reliability between the pairs. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The results demonstrate significant differences, low levels of concordance and unsatisfactory reliability levels between Tco and Tre at all 13 analyzed moments, in addition to not showing measurement reliability when all data are used together with the 143 temperature measurements. Daily behavior analysis shows moments with similar behavior with an increase in Tco and Tre, but at other times the behavior was the opposite, with a decrease in one measurement and an increase in the other. Based on the results presented, it is not recommended to use the inner eye canthus temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature for measuring core temperature at different times of the day or in sleep-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Magno Amaral Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Veruska Narciso
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário Mario Palmério (UNIFUCAMP), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valdênio Martins Brant
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Silva
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Diego de Alcantara Borba
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Science and of Movement, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Pereira Rosa
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Whittaker AL, Muns R, Wang D, Martínez-Burnes J, Hernández-Ávalos I, Casas-Alvarado A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Mota-Rojas D. Assessment of Pain and Inflammation in Domestic Animals Using Infrared Thermography: A Narrative Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2065. [PMID: 37443863 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain assessment in domestic animals has gained importance in recent years due to the recognition of the physiological, behavioral, and endocrine consequences of acute pain on animal production, welfare, and animal model validity. Current approaches to identifying acute pain mainly rely on behavioral-based scales, quantifying pain-related biomarkers, and the use of devices monitoring sympathetic activity. Infrared thermography is an alternative that could be used to correlate the changes in the superficial temperature with other tools and thus be an additional or alternate acute pain assessment marker. Moreover, its non-invasiveness and the objective nature of its readout make it potentially very valuable. However, at the current time, it is not in widespread use as an assessment strategy. The present review discusses scientific evidence for infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate pain, limiting its use to monitor acute pain in pathological processes and invasive procedures, as well as its use for perioperative monitoring in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5116, Australia
| | - Ramon Muns
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co Down BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behaviour and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co Down BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
- Neurophysiology, Behaviour and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behaviour and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Gulias-Cañizo R, Rodríguez-Malagón ME, Botello-González L, Belden-Reyes V, Amparo F, Garza-Leon M. Applications of Infrared Thermography in Ophthalmology. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030723. [PMID: 36983878 PMCID: PMC10053626 DOI: 10.3390/life13030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Body temperature is one of the key vital signs for determining a disease’s severity, as it reflects the thermal energy generated by an individual’s metabolism. Since the first study on the relationship between body temperature and diseases by Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich at the end of the 19th century, various forms of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Traditionally, methods for measuring temperature can be invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive. In recent years, great technological advances have reduced the cost of thermographic cameras, which allowed extending their use. Thermal cameras capture the infrared radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum and process the images to represent the temperature of the object under study through a range of colors, where each color and its hue indicate a previously established temperature. Currently, cameras have a sensitivity that allows them to detect changes in temperature as small as 0.01 °C. Along with its use in other areas of medicine, thermography has been used at the ocular level for more than 50 years. In healthy subjects, the literature reports that the average corneal temperature ranges from 32.9 to 36 °C. One of the possible sources of variability in normal values is age, and other possible sources of variation are gender and external temperature. In addition to the evaluation of healthy subjects, thermography has been used to evaluate its usefulness in various eye diseases, such as Graves’ orbitopathy, and tear duct obstruction for orbital diseases. The ocular surface is the most studied area. Ocular surface temperature is influenced by multiple conditions, one of the most studied being dry eye; other diseases studied include allergic conjunctivitis and pterygium as well as systemic diseases such as carotid artery stenosis. Among the corneal diseases studied are keratoconus, infectious keratitis, corneal graft rejection, the use of scleral or soft contact lenses, and the response to refractive or cataract surgery. Other diseases where thermographic features have been reported are glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusions, intraocular tumors as well as scleritis, and other inflammatory eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anahuac México, Naucalpan de Juárez 52786, Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Rodríguez-Malagón
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Loubette Botello-González
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Valeria Belden-Reyes
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Francisco Amparo
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Manuel Garza-Leon
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Gaza García 66238, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Merchant SA, Nadkarni P, Shaikh MJS. Augmentation of literature review of COVID-19 radiology. World J Radiol 2022; 14:342-351. [PMID: 36186515 PMCID: PMC9521431 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i9.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We suggest an augmentation of the excellent comprehensive review article titled “Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings, imaging modalities, and the role of radiology in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic” under the following categories: (1) “Inclusion of additional radiological features, related to pulmonary infarcts and to COVID-19 pneumonia”; (2) “Amplified discussion of cardiovascular COVID-19 manifestations and the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring and prognosis”; (3) “Imaging findings related to fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, optical, thermal and other imaging modalities/devices, including ‘intelligent edge’ and other remote monitoring devices”; (4) “Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 imaging”; (5) “Additional annotations to the radiological images in the manuscript to illustrate the additional signs discussed”; and (6) “A minor correction to a passage on pulmonary destruction”.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Nadkarni
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Mohd Javed Saifullah Shaikh
- Department of Radiology, North Bengal Neuro Centre - Jupiter MRI & Diagnostic Centre, Siliguri 734003, West Bengal, India
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Mohan DK, Nandhini K, Raavi V, Perumal V. Impact of X-radiation in the management of COVID-19 disease. World J Radiol 2022; 14:219-228. [PMID: 36160628 PMCID: PMC9350611 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i7.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect both animals and humans. Even though the existence of coronavirus and its infection to humans is not new, the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) caused a major burden to individuals and society i.e., anxiety, fear of infection, extreme competition for hospitalization, and more importantly financial liability. The nCoV infection/disease diagnosis was based on non-specific signs and symptoms, biochemical parameters, detection of the virus using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and X-ray-based imaging. This review focuses on the consolidation of potentials of X-ray-based imaging modality [chest-X radiography (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT)] and low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for screening, severity, and management of COVID-19 disease. Reported studies suggest that CXR contributed significantly toward initial rapid screening/diagnosis and CT- imaging to monitor the disease severity. The chest CT has high sensitivity up to 98% and low specificity for diagnosis and severity of COVID-19 disease compared to RT-PCR. Similarly, LDRT compliments drug therapy in the early recovery/Less hospital stays by maintaining the physiological parameters better than the drug therapy alone. All the results undoubtedly demonstrated the evidence that X-ray-based technology continues to evolve and play a significant role in human health care even during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya T A
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divya K Mohan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nandhini
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar 563 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Vavrinsky E, Esfahani NE, Hausner M, Kuzma A, Rezo V, Donoval M, Kosnacova H. The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:217. [PMID: 35448277 PMCID: PMC9029995 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical sensors play an increasingly important role in the development of medical diagnostic devices. They can be very widely used to measure the physiology of the human body. Optical methods include PPG, radiation, biochemical, and optical fiber sensors. Optical sensors offer excellent metrological properties, immunity to electromagnetic interference, electrical safety, simple miniaturization, the ability to capture volumes of nanometers, and non-invasive examination. In addition, they are cheap and resistant to water and corrosion. The use of optical sensors can bring better methods of continuous diagnostics in the comfort of the home and the development of telemedicine in the 21st century. This article offers a large overview of optical wearable methods and their modern use with an insight into the future years of technology in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Vavrinsky
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Niloofar Ebrahimzadeh Esfahani
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Michal Hausner
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Anton Kuzma
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Vratislav Rezo
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Donoval
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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García-Mato E, Varela-Aneiros I, Abeleira-Pazos M, Outumuro-Rial M, Diz-Dios P, Limeres-Posse J, Diniz-Freitas M. Is It Useful to Determine the Temperature of Children for COVID-19 Screening in the Dental Setting? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040976. [PMID: 35207248 PMCID: PMC8874429 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, the efficacy of temperature readings of children in the dental setting for COVID-19 screening has not been evaluated. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the usefulness of forehead temperature measurements in a dental clinic for COVID-19 screening in healthy children (without systemic disease) and in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: Using an infrared thermometer, we recorded the forehead temperature of 200 pediatric patients (100 healthy children and 100 children with neurodevelopmental disorders). We performed temperature measurements “before”, “during”, and “after” the dental procedure. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken of all participants to detect SARS-CoV-2. Results: Sex, age, administration of local anesthesia, and use of rotary instrumentation did not affect the temperature values. In the children with neurodevelopmental disorders with a value of 1 on the Frankl behavior scale, the temperatures were significantly higher than in those with values of 2, 3, and 4 (p = 0.032, p = 0.029, and p = 0.03, respectively). The PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive for two patients (one healthy and the other with a neurodevelopmental disorder), whose “before” temperatures were 36.4 °C and 36.5 °C, respectively. Conclusions: Forehead temperatures increase during dental procedures and are conditioned by the patient’s behavior. An isolated temperature reading does not identify children infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Zheng S, Zhou C, Jiang X, Huang J, Xu D. Progress on Infrared Imaging Technology in Animal Production: A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030705. [PMID: 35161450 PMCID: PMC8839879 DOI: 10.3390/s22030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermography (IRT) imaging technology, as a convenient, efficient, and contactless temperature measurement technology, has been widely applied to animal production. In this review, we systematically summarized the principles and influencing parameters of IRT imaging technology. In addition, we also summed up recent advances of IRT imaging technology in monitoring the temperature of animal surfaces and core anatomical areas, diagnosing early disease and inflammation, monitoring animal stress levels, identifying estrus and ovulation, and diagnosing pregnancy and animal welfare. Finally, we made prospective forecast for future research directions, offering more theoretical references for related research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Colleges of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changfan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Colleges of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Colleges of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingshu Huang
- Agricultural Development Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430064, China;
| | - Dequan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Colleges of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Koroteeva E, Shagiyanova A. Infrared-based visualization of exhalation flows while wearing protective face masks. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2022; 34:011705. [PMID: 35340681 PMCID: PMC8939526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of flow visualization procedures have been proposed to assess the effect of personal protective equipment on respiratory flows. This study suggests infrared thermography as a beneficial visualization technique because it is completely noninvasive and safe and, thus, can be used on live individuals rather than mannequins or lung simulators. Here, we examine the effect of wearing either of three popular face coverings (a surgical mask, a cloth mask, or an N95 respirator with an exhalation valve) on thermal signatures of exhaled airflows near a human face while coughing, talking, or breathing. The flow visualization using a mid-wave infrared camera captures the dynamics of thermal inhomogeneities induced by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. Thermal images demonstrate that both surgical and cloth face masks allow air leakage through the edges and the fabric itself, but they decrease the initial forward velocity of a cough jet by a factor of four. The N95 respirator, on the other hand, reduces the infrared emission of carbon dioxide near the person's face almost completely. This confirms that the N95-type mask may indeed lead to excessive inhalation of carbon dioxide as suggested by some recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Koroteeva
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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13
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Goggins KA, Tetzlaff EJ, Young WW, Godwin AA. SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) workplace temperature screening: Seasonal concerns for thermal detection in northern regions. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 98:103576. [PMID: 34488191 PMCID: PMC8407948 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Workplace temperature screening has become standard practice during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The objective was to determine the consistency of four temperature devices during exposure to simulated and actual environmental conditions reflective of a workplace. An infrared (IR) digital thermometer (accuracy(A)±0.2), IR laser thermometer (A±1), and thermal imaging camera (A±0.3) were used to measure forehead and tympanic (digital only) temperatures. The first experiment was conducted in a controlled simulated environment (-20 to 20 °C) with three participants (32-YOF, 27-YOM, 20-YOF). The second experiment used actual outdoor conditions (-0.48 to 45.6 °C) with two participants (32-YOF, 27-YOM). The tympanic measurement was the least impacted by environmental temperature (mean(±SD)): simulated (36.8(±0.18) °C) and actual (36.9(±0.16) °C). The thermal imaging camera had the lowest RMSE values (0.81-0.97 °C), with outdoor temperatures ranging from 0 to 45 °C. Environmental temperature influenced forehead temperature readings and required a resting period in a thermoneutral environment (5-9 min (-20 to -10 °C) to immediate (15-20 °C)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Goggins
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
| | - Emily J Tetzlaff
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Wesley W Young
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Bharti School of Engineering, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Alison A Godwin
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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14
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Mah AJ, Ghazi Zadeh L, Khoshnam Tehrani M, Askari S, Gandjbakhche AH, Shadgan B. Studying the Accuracy and Function of Different Thermometry Techniques for Measuring Body Temperature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121327. [PMID: 34943242 PMCID: PMC8698704 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine which thermometry technique is the most accurate for regular measurement of body temperature. We compared seven different commercially available thermometers with a gold standard medical-grade thermometer (Welch-Allyn): four digital infrared thermometers (Wellworks, Braun, Withings, MOBI), one digital sublingual thermometer (Braun), one zero heat flux thermometer (3M), and one infrared thermal imaging camera (FLIR One). Thirty young healthy adults participated in an experiment that altered core body temperature. After baseline measurements, participants placed their feet in a cold-water bath while consuming cold water for 30 min. Subsequently, feet were removed and covered with a blanket for 30 min. Throughout the session, temperature was recorded every 10 min with all devices. The Braun tympanic thermometer (left ear) had the best agreement with the gold standard (mean error: 0.044 °C). The FLIR One thermal imaging camera was the least accurate device (mean error: -0.522 °C). A sign test demonstrated that all thermometry devices were significantly different than the gold standard except for the Braun tympanic thermometer (left ear). Our study showed that not all temperature monitoring techniques are equal, and suggested that tympanic thermometers are the most accurate commercially available system for the regular measurement of body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron James Mah
- Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (L.G.Z.); (M.K.T.); (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Leili Ghazi Zadeh
- Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (L.G.Z.); (M.K.T.); (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Mahta Khoshnam Tehrani
- Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (L.G.Z.); (M.K.T.); (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Askari
- Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (L.G.Z.); (M.K.T.); (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Amir H. Gandjbakhche
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD 20847, USA;
| | - Babak Shadgan
- Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (L.G.Z.); (M.K.T.); (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
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