1
|
Lassen ML, Tzolos E, Massera D, Cadet S, Bing R, Kwiecinski J, Dey D, Berman DS, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Slomka PJ. Aortic valve imaging using 18F-sodium fluoride: impact of triple motion correction. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35092520 PMCID: PMC8800969 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current 18F-NaF assessments of aortic valve microcalcification using 18F-NaF PET/CT are based on evaluations of end-diastolic or cardiac motion-corrected (ECG-MC) images, which are affected by both patient and respiratory motion. We aimed to test the impact of employing a triple motion correction technique (3 × MC), including cardiorespiratory and gross patient motion, on quantitative and qualitative measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with aortic stenosis underwent two repeat 30-min PET aortic valve scans within (29 ± 24) days. We considered three different image reconstruction protocols; an end-diastolic reconstruction protocol (standard) utilizing 25% of the acquired data, an ECG-gated (four ECG gates) reconstruction (ECG-MC), and a triple motion-corrected (3 × MC) dataset which corrects for both cardiorespiratory and patient motion. All datasets were compared to aortic valve calcification scores (AVCS), using the Agatston method, obtained from CT scans using correlation plots. We report SUVmax values measured in the aortic valve and maximum target-to-background ratios (TBRmax) values after correcting for blood pool activity. RESULTS Compared to standard and ECG-MC reconstructions, increases in both SUVmax and TBRmax were observed following 3 × MC (SUVmax: Standard = 2.8 ± 0.7, ECG-MC = 2.6 ± 0.6, and 3 × MC = 3.3 ± 0.9; TBRmax: Standard = 2.7 ± 0.7, ECG-MC = 2.5 ± 0.6, and 3 × MC = 3.3 ± 1.2, all p values ≤ 0.05). 3 × MC had improved correlations (R2 value) to the AVCS when compared to the standard methods (SUVmax: Standard = 0.10, ECG-MC = 0.10, and 3 × MC = 0.20; TBRmax: Standard = 0.20, ECG-MC = 0.28, and 3 × MC = 0.46). CONCLUSION 3 × MC improves the correlation between the AVCS and SUVmax and TBRmax and should be considered in PET studies of aortic valves using 18F-NaF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lyngby Lassen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelos Tzolos
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniele Massera
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Rong Bing
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Medicine (Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. Metro 203, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwiecinski J, Tzolos E, Cartlidge TRG, Fletcher A, Doris MK, Bing R, Tarkin JM, Seidman MA, Gulsin GS, Cruden NL, Barton AK, Uren NG, Williams MC, van Beek EJR, Leipsic J, Dey D, Makkar RR, Slomka PJ, Rudd JHF, Newby DE, Sellers SL, Berman DS, Dweck MR. Native Aortic Valve Disease Progression and Bioprosthetic Valve Degeneration in Patients With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Circulation 2021; 144:1396-1408. [PMID: 34455857 PMCID: PMC8542078 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Major uncertainties remain regarding disease activity within the retained native aortic valve, and regarding bioprosthetic valve durability, after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We aimed to assess native aortic valve disease activity and bioprosthetic valve durability in patients with TAVI in comparison with subjects with bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional observational cohort study, patients with TAVI or bioprosthetic SAVR underwent baseline echocardiography, computed tomography angiography, and 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography. Participants (n=47) were imaged once with 18F-NaF positron emission tomography/computed tomography either at 1 month (n=9, 19%), 2 years (n=22, 47%), or 5 years (16, 34%) after valve implantation. Patients subsequently underwent serial echocardiography to assess for changes in valve hemodynamic performance (change in peak aortic velocity) and evidence of structural valve dysfunction. Comparisons were made with matched patients with bioprosthetic SAVR (n=51) who had undergone the same imaging protocol. Results: In patients with TAVI, native aortic valves demonstrated 18F-NaF uptake around the outside of the bioprostheses that showed a modest correlation with the time from TAVI (r=0.36, P=0.023). 18F-NaF uptake in the bioprosthetic leaflets was comparable between the SAVR and TAVI groups (target-to-background ratio, 1.3 [1.2–1.7] versus 1.3 [1.2–1.5], respectively; P=0.27). The frequencies of imaging evidence of bioprosthetic valve degeneration at baseline were similar on echocardiography (6% versus 8%, respectively; P=0.78), computed tomography (15% versus 14%, respectively; P=0.87), and positron emission tomography (15% versus 29%, respectively; P=0.09). Baseline 18F-NaF uptake was associated with a subsequent change in peak aortic velocity for both TAVI (r=0.7, P<0.001) and SAVR (r=0.7, P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, 18F-NaF uptake was the only predictor of peak velocity progression (P<0.001). Conclusions: In patients with TAVI, native aortic valves demonstrate evidence of ongoing active disease. Across imaging modalities, TAVI degeneration is of similar magnitude to bioprosthetic SAVR, suggesting comparable midterm durability. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02304276.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (J.K.)
| | - Evangelos Tzolos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy R G Cartlidge
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Fletcher
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rong Bing
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jason M Tarkin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., J.H.F.R.)
| | | | - Gaurav S Gulsin
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, & Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia & St. Paul's Hospital, Canada (J.Z.S., G.S.G., J.L., S.K.S.)
| | - Nicholas L Cruden
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna K Barton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neal G Uren
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle C Williams
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Edinburgh Imaging, facility QMRI (E.J.R.v.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, & Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia & St. Paul's Hospital, Canada (J.Z.S., G.S.G., J.L., S.K.S.)
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.D., R.R.M., P.J.S., D.S.B.)
| | - Raj R Makkar
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.D., R.R.M., P.J.S., D.S.B.)
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.D., R.R.M., P.J.S., D.S.B.)
| | - James H F Rudd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK (J.M.T., J.H.F.R.)
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie L Sellers
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, & Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia & St. Paul's Hospital, Canada (J.Z.S., G.S.G., J.L., S.K.S.)
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.D., R.R.M., P.J.S., D.S.B.)
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (E.T., T.R.G.C., A.F., M.K.D., R.B., N.L.C., A.K.B., N.G.U., M.C.W., E.J.R.v.B., D.E.N., M.R.D.), University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bellinge JW, Majeed K, Carr SS, Jones J, Hong I, Francis RJ, Schultz CJ. Coronary artery 18F-NaF PET analysis with the use of an elastic motion correction software. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:952-961. [PMID: 30684262 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography (18F-NaF PET) is a novel molecular imaging modality with promise for use as a risk stratification tool in cardiovascular disease. There are limitations in the analysis of small and rapidly moving coronary arteries using traditional PET technology. We aimed to validate the use of a motion correction algorithm (eMoco) on coronary 18F-NaF PET outcome parameters. METHODS Patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome underwent 18F-NaF PET and computed tomography coronary angiography. 18F-NaF PET data were analyzed using a diastolic reconstruction, an ungated reconstruction and the eMoco reconstruction. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent 18F-NaF PET imaging and 17 patients had at least one positive lesion that could be used to compare PET reconstruction datasets. eMoco improved noise (the coefficient of variation of the blood pool radiotracer activity) compared to the diastolic dataset (0.09 [0.07 to 0.12] vs 0.14[0.11 to 0.17], p < .001) and marginally improved coronary lesion maximum tissue-to-background ratios compared to the ungated dataset (1.33 [1.05 to 1.48]vs 1.29 [1.04 to 1.40], p = .011). CONCLUSION In this pilot dataset, the eMoco reconstruction algorithm for motion correction appears to have potential in improving coronary analysis of 18F-NaF PET by reducing noise and increasing maximum counts. Further testing in a larger patient dataset is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie W Bellinge
- Cardiology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Kamran Majeed
- Cardiology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart S Carr
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Judson Jones
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Inki Hong
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Cardiology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Massera D, Doris MK, Cadet S, Kwiecinski J, Pawade TA, Peeters FECM, Dey D, Newby DE, Dweck MR, Slomka PJ. Analytical quantification of aortic valve 18F-sodium fluoride PET uptake. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:962-972. [PMID: 30499069 PMCID: PMC6541558 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenges to cardiac PET-CT include patient motion, prolonged image acquisition and a reduction of counts due to gating. We compared two analytical tools, FusionQuant and OsiriX, for quantification of gated cardiac 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-fluoride) PET-CT imaging. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with aortic stenosis were included, 15 of whom underwent repeated imaging 4 weeks apart. Agreement between analytical tools and scan-rescan reproducibility was determined using the Bland-Altman method and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). RESULTS Image analysis was faster with FusionQuant [median time (IQR) 7:10 (6:40-8:20) minutes] compared with OsiriX [8:30 (8:00-10:10) minutes, p = .002]. Agreement of uptake measurements between programs was excellent, CCC = 0.972 (95% CI 0.949-0.995) for mean tissue-to-background ratio (TBRmean) and 0.981 (95% CI 0.965-0.997) for maximum tissue-to-background ratio (TBRmax). Mean noise decreased from 11.7% in the diastolic gate to 6.7% in motion-corrected images (p = .002); SNR increased from 25.41 to 41.13 (p = .0001). Aortic valve scan-rescan reproducibility for TBRmax was improved with FusionQuant using motion correction compared to OsiriX (error ± 36% vs ± 13%, p < .001) while reproducibility for TBRmean was similar (± 10% vs ± 8% p = .252). CONCLUSION 18F-fluoride PET quantification with FusionQuant and OsiriX is comparable. FusionQuant with motion correction offers advantages with respect to analysis time and reproducibility of TBRmax values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Massera
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Department of Imaging, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Ste A047 N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Department of Imaging, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Ste A047 N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Tania A Pawade
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Damini Dey
- Department of Imaging, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Ste A047 N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - David E Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Imaging, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Ste A047 N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Doris MK, Otaki Y, Krishnan SK, Kwiecinski J, Rubeaux M, Alessio A, Pan T, Cadet S, Dey D, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Berman DS, Slomka PJ. Optimization of reconstruction and quantification of motion-corrected coronary PET-CT. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:494-504. [PMID: 29948889 PMCID: PMC6289874 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary PET shows promise in the detection of high-risk atherosclerosis, but there remains a need to optimize imaging and reconstruction techniques. We investigated the impact of reconstruction parameters and cardiac motion-correction in 18F Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) PET. METHODS Twenty-two patients underwent 18F-NaF PET within 22 days of an acute coronary syndrome. Optimal reconstruction parameters were determined in a subgroup of six patients. Motion-correction was performed on ECG-gated data of all patients with optimal reconstruction. Tracer uptake was quantified in culprit and reference lesions by computing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in diastolic, summed, and motion-corrected images. RESULTS Reconstruction using 24 subsets, 4 iterations, point-spread-function modelling, time of flight, and 5-mm post-filtering provided the highest median SNR (31.5) compared to 4 iterations 0-mm (22.5), 8 iterations 0-mm (21.1), and 8 iterations 5-mm (25.6; all P < .05). Motion-correction improved SNR of culprit lesions (n = 33) (24.5[19.9-31.5]) compared to diastolic (15.7[12.4-18.1]; P < .001) and summed data (22.1[18.9-29.2]; P < .001). Motion-correction increased the SNR difference between culprit and reference lesions (10.9[6.3-12.6]) compared to diastolic (6.2[3.6-10.3]; P = .001) and summed data (7.1 [4.8-11.6]; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS The number of iterations and extent of post-filtering has marked effects on coronary 18F-NaF PET quantification. Cardiac motion-correction improves discrimination between culprit and reference lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi K Doris
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4SB, UK
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuka Otaki
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandeep K Krishnan
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4SB, UK
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mathieu Rubeaux
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Alessio
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tinsu Pan
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Imaging and Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Ste A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Computational Framework for Data Fusion in MEMS-Based Cardiac and Respiratory Gating. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194137. [PMID: 31554282 PMCID: PMC6811750 DOI: 10.3390/s19194137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual cardiac and respiratory gating is a well-known technique for motion compensation in nuclear medicine imaging. In this study, we present a new data fusion framework for dual cardiac and respiratory gating based on multidimensional microelectromechanical (MEMS) motion sensors. Our approach aims at robust estimation of the chest vibrations, that is, high-frequency precordial vibrations and low-frequency respiratory movements for prospective gating in positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and radiotherapy. Our sensing modality in the context of this paper is a single dual sensor unit, including accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to measure chest movements in three different orientations. Since accelerometer- and gyroscope-derived respiration signals represent the inclination of the chest, they are similar in morphology and have the same units. Therefore, we use principal component analysis (PCA) to combine them into a single signal. In contrast to this, the accelerometer- and gyroscope-derived cardiac signals correspond to the translational and rotational motions of the chest, and have different waveform characteristics and units. To combine these signals, we use independent component analysis (ICA) in order to obtain the underlying cardiac motion. From this cardiac motion signal, we obtain the systolic and diastolic phases of cardiac cycles by using an adaptive multi-scale peak detector and a short-time autocorrelation function. Three groups of subjects, including healthy controls (n = 7), healthy volunteers (n = 12), and patients with a history of coronary artery disease (n = 19) were studied to establish a quantitative framework for assessing the performance of the presented work in prospective imaging applications. The results of this investigation showed a fairly strong positive correlation (average r = 0.73 to 0.87) between the MEMS-derived (including corresponding PCA fusion) respiration curves and the reference optical camera and respiration belt sensors. Additionally, the mean time offset of MEMS-driven triggers from camera-driven triggers was 0.23 to 0.3 ± 0.15 to 0.17 s. For each cardiac cycle, the feature of the MEMS signals indicating a systolic time interval was identified, and its relation to the total cardiac cycle length was also reported. The findings of this study suggest that the combination of chest angular velocity and accelerations using ICA and PCA can help to develop a robust dual cardiac and respiratory gating solution using only MEMS sensors. Therefore, the methods presented in this paper should help improve predictions of the cardiac and respiratory quiescent phases, particularly with the clinical patients. This study lays the groundwork for future research into clinical PET/CT imaging based on dual inertial sensors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Cardiac PET provides high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathies. Cardiac, respiratory as well as bulk patient motion have detrimental effects on thoracic PET imaging, in particular on cardiovascular PET imaging where the motion can affect the PET images quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Gating can ameliorate the unfavorable impact of motion additionally enabling evaluation of left ventricular systolic function. In this article, the authors review the recent advances in gating approaches and highlight the advances in data-driven approaches, which hold promise in motion detection without the need for complex hardware setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lassen ML, Kwiecinski J, Cadet S, Dey D, Wang C, Dweck MR, Berman DS, Germano G, Newby DE, Slomka PJ. Data-Driven Gross Patient Motion Detection and Compensation: Implications for Coronary 18F-NaF PET Imaging. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:830-836. [PMID: 30442755 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.217877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient motion degrades image quality, affecting the quantitative assessment of PET images. This problem affects studies of coronary lesions in which microcalcification processes are targeted. Coronary PET imaging protocols require scans of up to 30 min, introducing the risk of gross patient motion (GPM) during the acquisition. Here, we investigate the feasibility of an automated data-driven method for the detection of GPM during PET acquisition. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with stable coronary disease underwent a 30-min PET acquisition 1 h after the injection of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) at 248 ± 10 MBq (mean ± SD) and then a coronary CT angiography scan. An automated data-driven GPM detection technique tracking the center of mass of the count rates for every 200 ms in the PET list-mode data was devised and evaluated. Two patient motion patterns were considered: sudden repositioning (motion of >0.5 mm within 3 s) and general repositioning (motion of >0.3 mm over 15 s or more). After the reconstruction of diastolic images, individual GPM frames with focal coronary uptake were coregistered in 3 dimensions, creating a GPM-compensated (GPMC) image series. Lesion motion was reported for all lesions with focal uptake. Relative differences in SUVmax and target-to-background ratio (TBR) between GPMC and non-GPMC (standard electrocardiogram-gated data) diastolic PET images were compared in 3 separate groups defined by the maximum motion observed in the lesion (<5, 5-10, and >10 mm). Results: A total of 35 18F-NaF-avid lesions were identified in 28 patients. An average of 3.5 ± 1.5 GPM frames were considered for each patient, resulting in an average frame duration of 7 ± 4 (range, 3-21) min. The mean per-patient motion was: 7 ± 3 mm (maximum, 13.7 mm). GPM correction increased SUVmax and TBR in all lesions with greater than 5 mm of motion. In lesions with 5-10 mm of motion (n = 15), SUVmax and TBR increased by 4.6% ± 5.6% (P = 0.02) and 5.8% ± 6.4% (P < 0.002), respectively. In lesions with greater than 10 mm of motion (n = 15), the SUVmax and TBR increased by 5.0% ± 5.3% (P = 0.009) and 11.5% ± 10.1% (P = 0.001), respectively. GPM correction led to the diagnostic reclassification of 3 patients (11%). Conclusion: GPM during coronary 18F-NaF PET imaging is common and may affect quantitative accuracy. Automated retrospective compensation of this motion is feasible and should be considered for coronary PET imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and.,British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Damini Dey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Chengjia Wang
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Guido Germano
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh Heart Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bellinge JW, Francis RJ, Majeed K, Watts GF, Schultz CJ. In search of the vulnerable patient or the vulnerable plaque: 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography for cardiovascular risk stratification. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1774-1783. [PMID: 29992525 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death. Preventative therapies that reduce CVD are most effective when targeted to individuals at high risk. Current risk stratification tools have only modest prognostic capabilities, resulting in over-treatment of low-risk individuals and under-treatment of high-risk individuals. Improved methods of CVD risk stratification are required. Molecular imaging offers a novel approach to CVD risk stratification. In particular, 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) has shown promise in the detection of both high-risk atherosclerotic plaque features and vascular calcification activity, which predicts future development of new vascular calcium deposits. The rate of change of coronary calcium scores, measured by serial computed tomography scans over a 2-year period, is a strong predictor of CVD risk. Vascular calcification activity, as measured with 18F-NaF PET, has the potential to provide prognostic information similar to consecutive coronary calcium scoring, with a single-time-point convenience. However, owing to the rapid motion and small size of the coronary arteries, new solutions are required to address the traditional limitations of PET imaging. Two different methods of coronary PET analysis have been independently proposed and here we compare their respective strengths, weaknesses, and the potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie W Bellinge
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kamran Majeed
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salehi N, Rahmim A, Fatemizadeh E, Akbarzadeh A, Farahani MH, Farzanefar S, Ay MR. Cardiac contraction motion compensation in gated myocardial perfusion SPECT: A comparative study. Phys Med 2018; 49:77-82. [PMID: 29866346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac contraction significantly degrades quality and quantitative accuracy of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) images. In this study, we aimed to explore different techniques in motion-compensated temporal processing of MPS images and their impact on image quality and quantitative accuracy. MATERIAL AND METHOD 50 patients without known heart condition underwent gated MPS. 3D motion compensation methods using Motion Freezing by Cedars Sinai (MF), Log-domain Diffeomorphic Demons (LDD) and Free-Form Deformation (FFD) were applied to warp all image phases to fit the end-diastolic (ED) phase. Afterwards, myocardial wall thickness, myocardial to blood pool contrast, and image contrast-to noise ratio (CNR) were measured in summed images with no motion compensation (NoMC) and compensated images (MF, LDD and FFD). Total Perfusion Defect (TPD) was derived from Cedars-Sinai software, on the basis of sex-specific normal limits. RESULT Left ventricle (LV) lateral wall thickness was reduced after applying motion compensation (p < 0.05). Myocardial to blood pool contrast and CNR in compensated images were greater than NoMC (p < 0.05). TPD_LDD was in good agreement with the corresponding TPD_MF (p = 0.13). CONCLUSION All methods have improved image quality and quantitative performance relative to NoMC. LDD and FFD are fully automatic and do not require any manual intervention, while MF is dependent on contour definition. In terms of diagnostic parameters LDD is in good agreement with MF which is a clinically accepted method. Further investigation along with diagnostic reference standards, in order to specify diagnostic value of each technique is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Salehi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emad Fatemizadeh
- Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Akbarzadeh
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Farahani
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzanefar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ay
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) images often contain errors due to cardiac, respiratory, and patient motion during relatively long image acquisition. Advanced motion compensation techniques may improve PET spatial resolution, eliminate potential artifacts, and ultimately improve the research and clinical capabilities of PET. RECENT FINDINGS Combined cardiac and respiratory gating has only recently been implemented in clinical PET systems. Considering that the gated image bins contain much lower counts than the original PET data, they need to be summed after correcting for motion, forming motion-corrected, high-count image volume. Furthermore, automated image registration techniques can be used to correct for motion between CT attenuation scan and PET acquisition. While motion correction methods are not yet widely used in clinical practice, approaches including dual-gated non-rigid motion correction and the incorporation of motion correction information into the reconstruction process have the potential to markedly improve cardiac PET imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Rubeaux
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Taper A238, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Taper A238, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam Alessio
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Old Fisheries Center, Room 222, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Box 357987, Seattle, WA, 98195-7987, USA
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Taper A238, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|