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Prabhu D, Mehanna E, Gargesha M, Brandt E, Wen D, van Ditzhuijzen NS, Chamie D, Yamamoto H, Fujino Y, Alian A, Patel J, Costa M, Bezerra HG, Wilson DL. Three-dimensional registration of intravascular optical coherence tomography and cryo-image volumes for microscopic-resolution validation. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:026004. [PMID: 27429997 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.2.026004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests high-resolution, high-contrast, [Formula: see text] intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) can distinguish plaque types, but further validation is needed, especially for automated plaque characterization. We developed experimental and three-dimensional (3-D) registration methods to provide validation of IVOCT pullback volumes using microscopic, color, and fluorescent cryo-image volumes with optional registered cryo-histology. A specialized registration method matched IVOCT pullback images acquired in the catheter reference frame to a true 3-D cryo-image volume. Briefly, an 11-parameter registration model including a polynomial virtual catheter was initialized within the cryo-image volume, and perpendicular images were extracted, mimicking IVOCT image acquisition. Virtual catheter parameters were optimized to maximize cryo and IVOCT lumen overlap. Multiple assessments suggested that the registration error was better than the [Formula: see text] spacing between IVOCT image frames. Tests on a digital synthetic phantom gave a registration error of only [Formula: see text] (signed distance). Visual assessment of randomly presented nearby frames suggested registration accuracy within 1 IVOCT frame interval ([Formula: see text]). This would eliminate potential misinterpretations confronted by the typical histological approaches to validation, with estimated 1-mm errors. The method can be used to create annotated datasets and automated plaque classification methods and can be extended to other intravascular imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prabhu
- Case Western Reserve University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Emile Mehanna
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Madhusudhana Gargesha
- Case Western Reserve University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Eric Brandt
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Di Wen
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States; Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nienke S van Ditzhuijzen
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Daniel Chamie
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hirosada Yamamoto
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yusuke Fujino
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ali Alian
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jaymin Patel
- Case Western Reserve University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marco Costa
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hiram G Bezerra
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - David L Wilson
- Case Western Reserve University , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Prabhu D, Mehanna E, Gargesha M, Wen D, Brandt E, van Ditzhuijzen NS, Chamie D, Yamamoto H, Fujino Y, Farmazilian A, Patel J, Costa M, Bezerra HG, Wilson DL. 3D registration of intravascular optical coherence tomography and cryo-image volumes for microscopic-resolution validation. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9788. [PMID: 27162417 DOI: 10.1117/12.2217537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
High resolution, 100 frames/sec intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) can distinguish plaque types, but further validation is needed, especially for automated plaque characterization. We developed experimental and 3D registration methods, to provide validation of IVOCT pullback volumes using microscopic, brightfield and fluorescent cryo-image volumes, with optional, exactly registered cryo-histology. The innovation was a method to match an IVOCT pull-back images, acquired in the catheter reference frame, to a true 3D cryo-image volume. Briefly, an 11-parameter, polynomial virtual catheter was initialized within the cryo-image volume, and perpendicular images were extracted, mimicking IVOCT image acquisition. Virtual catheter parameters were optimized to maximize cryo and IVOCT lumen overlap. Local minima were possible, but when we started within reasonable ranges, every one of 24 digital phantom cases converged to a good solution with a registration error of only +1.34±2.65μm (signed distance). Registration was applied to 10 ex-vivo cadaver coronary arteries (LADs), resulting in 10 registered cryo and IVOCT volumes yielding a total of 421 registered 2D-image pairs. Image overlays demonstrated high continuity between vascular and plaque features. Bland-Altman analysis comparing cryo and IVOCT lumen area, showed mean and standard deviation of differences as 0.01±0.43 mm2. DICE coefficients were 0.91±0.04. Finally, visual assessment on 20 representative cases with easily identifiable features suggested registration accuracy within one frame of IVOCT (±200μm), eliminating significant misinterpretations introduced by 1mm errors in the literature. The method will provide 3D data for training of IVOCT plaque algorithms and can be used for validation of other intravascular imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Emile Mehanna
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Madhusudhana Gargesha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Di Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Eric Brandt
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | | | - Daniel Chamie
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Hirosada Yamamoto
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Yusuke Fujino
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Ali Farmazilian
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Jaymin Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Marco Costa
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Hiram G Bezerra
- Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Mehanna E, Bezerra HG, Prabhu D, Brandt E, Chamié D, Yamamoto H, Attizzani GF, Tahara S, Van Ditzhuijzen N, Fujino Y, Kanaya T, Stefano G, Wang W, Gargesha M, Wilson D, Costa MA. Volumetric characterization of human coronary calcification by frequency-domain optical coherence tomography. Circ J 2013; 77:2334-2340. [PMID: 23782524 PMCID: PMC4422196 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-12-1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery calcification (CAC) presents unique challenges for percutaneous coronary intervention. Calcium appears as a signal-poor region with well-defined borders by frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the accuracy of intravascular FD-OCT to determine the distribution of CAC. METHODS AND RESULTS Cadaveric coronary arteries were imaged using FD-OCT at 100-μm frame interval. Arteries were subsequently frozen, sectioned and imaged at 20-μm intervals using the Case Cryo-Imaging automated system(TM). Full volumetric co-registration between FD-OCT and cryo-imaging was performed. Calcium area, calcium-lumen distance (depth) and calcium angle were traced on every cross-section; volumetric quantification was performed offline. In total, 30 left anterior descending arteries were imaged: 13 vessels had a total of 55 plaques with calcification by cryo-imaging; FD-OCT identified 47 (85%) of these plaques. A total of 1,285 cryo-images were analyzed and compared with corresponding co-registered 257 FD-OCT images. Calcium distribution, represented by the mean depth and the mean calcium angle, was similar, with excellent correlation between FD-OCT and cryo-imaging respectively (mean depth: 0.25±0.09 vs. 0.26±0.12mm, P=0.742; R=0.90), (mean angle: 35.33±21.86° vs. 39.68±26.61°, P=0.207; R=0.90). Calcium volume was underestimated in large calcifications (3.11±2.14 vs. 4.58±3.39mm(3), P=0.001) in OCT vs. cryo respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intravascular FD-OCT can accurately characterize CAC distribution. OCT can quantify absolute calcium volume, but may underestimate calcium burden in large plaques with poorly defined abluminal borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Mehanna
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Hiram G. Bezerra
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - David Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Eric Brandt
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Daniel Chamié
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Hirosada Yamamoto
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Guilherme F. Attizzani
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Satoko Tahara
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nienke Van Ditzhuijzen
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Yusuke Fujino
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Tomoaki Kanaya
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gregory Stefano
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wei Wang
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Madhusudhana Gargesha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - David Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Marco A. Costa
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106
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Kubo T, Xu C, Wang Z, van Ditzhuijzen NS, Bezerra HG. Plaque and thrombus evaluation by optical coherence tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 27:289-98. [PMID: 21336556 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography has been explored as an imaging tool for vessel wall and thrombus characterization. OCT enables a high resolution arterial wall imaging, and light properties allow tissue characterization. It has been proved one of the most valuable imaging modalities for the evaluation of vulnerable plaque and thrombus. OCT has a unique capacity in volumetric quantification of calcium, and unlike ultrasound, light can easily penetrate calcified plaques. Finally, this review paper will address aspects of the validation method of plaque characterization and potential pitfalls and put in perspective new approaches that may help the evolution of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Gargesha M, Qutaish MQ, Roy D, Steyer GJ, Watanabe M, Wilson DL. Visualization of color anatomy and molecular fluorescence in whole-mouse cryo-imaging. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2010; 35:195-205. [PMID: 21041065 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed multi-scale, live-time interactive visualization of color image data, including microscopic whole-mouse cryo-images serving many biomedical applications. Using true-color volume rendering, we interactively, selectively enhanced anatomy using feature detection. For example, to enhance red organs (vessels, liver, etc.) and internal surfaces, we computed a red feature from R/(R+G+B) and surface features from color/gray-scale gradients, respectively. For >70GB cryo-image volumes, we developed multi-resolution visualization, which provided low-resolution rendering of an entire mouse and zooming to organs, tissues, and cells. Fusions of fluorescence and color cryo-volumes uniquely showed biodistribution of metastatic and stem cells within an anatomical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhana Gargesha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Roy D, Steyer GJ, Gargesha M, Stone ME, Wilson DL. 3D cryo-imaging: a very high-resolution view of the whole mouse. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:342-51. [PMID: 19248166 PMCID: PMC2747656 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We developed the Case Cryo-imaging system that provides information rich, very high-resolution, color brightfield, and molecular fluorescence images of a whole mouse using a section-and-image block-face imaging technology. The system consists of a mouse-sized, motorized cryo-microtome with special features for imaging, a modified, brightfield/fluorescence microscope, and a robotic xyz imaging system positioner, all of which is fully automated by a control system. Using the robotic system, we acquired microscopic tiled images at a pixel size of 15.6 microm over the block face of a whole mouse sectioned at 40 microm, with a total data volume of 55 GB. Viewing 2D images at multiple resolutions, we identified small structures such as cardiac vessels, muscle layers, villi of the small intestine, the optic nerve, and layers of the eye. Cryo-imaging was also suitable for imaging embryo mutants in 3D. A mouse, in which enhanced green fluorescent protein was expressed under gamma actin promoter in smooth muscle cells, gave clear 3D views of smooth muscle in the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. With cryo-imaging, we could obtain 3D vasculature down to 10 microm, over very large regions of mouse brain. Software is fully automated with fully programmable imaging/sectioning protocols, email notifications, and automatic volume visualization. With a unique combination of field-of-view, depth of field, contrast, and resolution, the Case Cryo-imaging system fills the gap between whole animal in vivo imaging and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Grant J. Steyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Madhusudhana Gargesha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meredith E. Stone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
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Gargesha M, Qutaish M, Roy D, Steyer G, Bartsch H, Wilson DL. Enhanced Volume Rendering Techniques for High-Resolution Color Cryo-Imaging Data. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2009; 7262:72655V. [PMID: 19606273 PMCID: PMC2709868 DOI: 10.1117/12.813756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We are developing enhanced volume rendering techniques for color image data. One target application is cryo-imaging, which provides whole-mouse, micron-scale, anatomical color, and molecular fluorescence image volumes by alternatively sectioning and imaging the frozen tissue block face. With the rich color images provided by cryo-imaging, we use true-color volume rendering and visually enhance anatomical regions by proper selection of voxel opacity. To compute opacity, we use color and/or gradient feature detection followed by suitable opacity transfer functions (OTF). An interactive user interface allows one to select from among multiple color and gradient feature detectors, OTF's, and their associated parameters, and to compute in live time new volume visualizations from within the Amira platform. We are also developing multi-resolution volume rendering techniques to accommodate extremely large (>60GB) cryo-image data sets. Together, these enhancements enable us to interactively interrogate cryo-image volume data and create useful renderings with "implicit segmentation" of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhana Gargesha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106
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Wilson D, Roy D, Steyer G, Gargesha M, Stone M, McKinley E. Whole Mouse Cryo-Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2008; 6916:69161I-69161I9. [PMID: 19756215 PMCID: PMC2743345 DOI: 10.1117/12.772840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The Case cryo-imaging system is a section and image system which allows one to acquire micron-scale, information rich, whole mouse color bright field and molecular fluorescence images of an entire mouse. Cryo-imaging is used in a variety of applications, including mouse and embryo anatomical phenotyping, drug delivery, imaging agents, metastastic cancer, stem cells, and very high resolution vascular imaging, among many. Cryo-imaging fills the gap between whole animal in vivo imaging and histology, allowing one to image a mouse along the continuum from the mouse → organ → tissue structure → cell → sub-cellular domains. In this overview, we describe the technology and a variety of exciting applications. Enhancements to the system now enable tiled acquisition of high resolution images to cover an entire mouse. High resolution fluorescence imaging, aided by a novel subtraction processing algorithm to remove sub-surface fluorescence, makes it possible to detect fluorescently-labeled single cells. Multi-modality experiments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cryo-imaging of a whole mouse demonstrate superior resolution of cryo-images and efficiency of registration techniques. The 3D results demonstrate the novel true-color volume visualization tools we have developed and the inherent advantage of cryo-imaging in providing unlimited depth of field and spatial resolution. The recent results continue to demonstrate the value cryo-imaging provides in the field of small animal imaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wilson
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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