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Comparison of Lugol’s solution and Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles as contrast agents for tumor spheroid imaging using microcomputed tomography. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Lugol’s solution is well known for its unique contrasting properties to biological samples in in microcomputed tomography imaging. On the other hand, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which have much lower attenuation capabilities to X-ray radiation show decent cell penetration and accumulation properties, are increasingly being used as quantitative contrast agents in biology and medicine. In our research, they were used to stain 3D cell structures called spheroids. Aim In this study, the micro computed tomography (µCT) technique was used to visualize and compare the uptake and accumulation of two contrast agents, Lugol’s solution and iron (II, III ) oxid e nanoparticles (IONPs) in the in vitro human spheroid tumour model. Methods The metastatic human melanoma cell line WM266-4 was cultured, first under standard 2D conditions, and after reaching 90% confluence cells was seeded in a low adhesive plate, which allows spheroid formation. On the 7th day of growth, the spheroids were transferred to the tubes and stained with IONPs or Lugol’s solution and subjected to µCT imaging. Results Our research allows visualization of the regions of absorption at the level of single cells, with relatively short incubation times - 24h - for Lugol’s solution. IONPs proved to be useful only in high concentrations (1 mg/ml) and long incubation times (96h). Conclusions When comparing the reconstructed visualizations of the distribution of these stating agents, it is worth noting that Lugol’s solution spreads evenly throughout the spheroids, whereas IONPs (regardless of their size 5 and 30 nm) accumulate only in the outer layer of the spheroid structure.
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Ring HL, Sharma A, Ivkov R, Bischof JC. The impact of data selection and fitting on SAR estimation for magnetic nanoparticle heating. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:100-107. [PMID: 33426988 PMCID: PMC7888243 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1810332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic fluid heating has great potential in the fields of thermal medicine and cryopreservation. However, variations among experimental parameters, analysis methods and experimental uncertainty make quantitative comparisons of results among laboratories difficult. Herein, we focus on the impact of calculating the specific absorption rate (SAR) using Time-Rise and Box-Lucas fitting. Time-Rise assumes adiabatic conditions, which is experimentally unachievable, but can be reasonably assumed (quasi-adiabatic) only for specific and limited evaluation times when heat loss is negligible compared to measured heating rate. Box-Lucas, on the other hand, accounts for heat losses but requires longer heating. METHODS Through retrospective analysis of data obtained from two laboratories, we demonstrate measurement time is a critical parameter to consider when calculating SAR. Volumetric SAR were calculated using the two methods and compared across multiple iron-oxide nanoparticles. RESULTS We observed the lowest volumetric SAR variation from both fitting methods between 1-10 W/mL, indicating an ideal SAR range for heating measurements. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that poorly chosen fitting method can generate reproducible but inaccurate SAR. CONCLUSION We provide recommendations to select measurement time for data analysis with either Modified Time-Rise or Box-Lucas method, and suggestions to enhance experimental precision and accuracy when conducting heating experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie L Ring
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert Ivkov
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wang L, Yan L, Liu J, Chen C, Zhao Y. Quantification of Nanomaterial/Nanomedicine Trafficking in Vivo. Anal Chem 2017; 90:589-614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety,
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety,
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The
College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety,
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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Hong W, He Q, Fan S, Carl M, Shao H, Chen J, Chang EY, Du J. Imaging and quantification of iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONP) using MP-RAGE and UTE based sequences. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:226-232. [PMID: 27495266 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) and 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequences for the imaging of iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONP). METHODS The phantoms were composed of tubes filled with different IONP concentrations ranging from 2 to 45 mM. The tubes were fixed in an agarose gel phantom (0.9% by weight). Morphological imaging was performed with 3D MP-RAGE, 2D UTE, 2D adiabatic inversion recovery-prepared UTE (2D IR-UTE), 3D UTE with Cones trajectory (3D Cones), and 3D IR-Cones sequences. Quantitative assessment of IONP concentration was performed using R2*(1/T2*) and R1 (1/T1 ) measurements using a 3 Tesla (T) scanner. RESULTS The 3D MP-RAGE sequence provides high-contrast images of IONP with concentration up to 7.5 mM. Higher IONP concentration up to 37.5 mM can be detected with the UTE sequences, with the highest IONP contrast provided by the 3D IR-Cones sequence. A linear relationship was observed between R2* and IONP concentration up to ∼45 mM, and between R1 and IONP concentration up to ∼30 mM. CONCLUSION The clinical 3D MP-RAGE sequence can be used to assess lower IONP concentration up to 7.5 mM. The UTE sequences can be used to assess higher IONP concentration up to 45 mM. Magn Reson Med 78:226-232, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hong
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Ningbo Jansen NMR Technology Co., Ltd, Cixi, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shujuan Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael Carl
- Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hongda Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Patil US, Adireddy S, Jaiswal A, Mandava S, Lee BR, Chrisey DB. In Vitro/In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation and Quantification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24417-50. [PMID: 26501258 PMCID: PMC4632758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in academic and commercial settings have alarmed the scientific community about the safety and assessment of toxicity profiles of IONPs. The great amount of diversity found in the cytotoxic measurements of IONPs points toward the necessity of careful characterization and quantification of IONPs. The present document discusses the major developments related to in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of IONPs and its relationship with the physicochemical parameters of IONPs. Major discussion is included on the current spectrophotometric and imaging based techniques used for quantifying, and studying the clearance and biodistribution of IONPs. Several invasive and non-invasive quantification techniques along with the pitfalls are discussed in detail. Finally, critical guidelines are provided to optimize the design of IONPs to minimize the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal S Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Shiva Adireddy
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Ashvin Jaiswal
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Sree Mandava
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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Baker I, Fiering SN, Griswold KE, Hoopes PJ, Kekalo K, Ndong C, Paulsen K, Petryk AA, Pogue B, Shubitidze F, Weaver J. The Dartmouth Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence: magnetic hyperthermia. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1685-92. [PMID: 26080693 PMCID: PMC4493741 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dartmouth Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence - one of nine funded by the National Cancer Institute as part of the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer - focuses on the use of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer diagnostics and hyperthermia therapy. It brings together a diverse team of engineers and biomedical researchers with expertise in nanomaterials, molecular targeting, advanced biomedical imaging and translational in vivo studies. The goal of successfully treating cancer is being approached by developing nanoparticles, conjugating them with Fabs, hyperthermia treatment, immunotherapy and sensing treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baker
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Steve N Fiering
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Karl E Griswold
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - P Jack Hoopes
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Katerina Kekalo
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christian Ndong
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Keith Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Alicea A Petryk
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brian Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Fridon Shubitidze
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - John Weaver
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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Petryk AA, Giustini AJ, Gottesman RE, Trembly BS, Hoopes PJ. Comparison of magnetic nanoparticle and microwave hyperthermia cancer treatment methodology and treatment effect in a rodent breast cancer model. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 29:819-27. [PMID: 24219799 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.845801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of iron oxide/magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (mNPH) and 915 MHz microwave hyperthermia at the same thermal dose in a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thermal dose equivalent to 60 min at 43 °C (CEM60) was delivered to a syngeneic mouse mammary adenocarcinoma flank tumour (MTGB) via mNPH or locally delivered 915 MHz microwaves. mNPH was generated with ferromagnetic, hydroxyethyl starch-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Following mNP delivery, the mouse/tumour was exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The microwave hyperthermia treatment was delivered by a 915 MHz microwave surface applicator. Time required for the tumour to reach three times the treatment volume was used as the primary study endpoint. Acute pathological effects of the treatments were determined using conventional histopathological techniques. RESULTS Locally delivered mNPH resulted in a modest improvement in treatment efficacy as compared to microwave hyperthermia (p = 0.09) when prescribed to the same thermal dose. Tumours treated with mNPH also demonstrated reduced peritumoral normal tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate similar tumour treatment efficacy when tumour heating is delivered by locally delivered mNPs and 915 MHz microwaves at the same measured thermal dose. However, mNPH treatments did not result in the same type or level of peritumoral damage seen with the microwave hyperthermia treatments. These data suggest that mNP hyperthermia is capable of improving the therapeutic ratio for locally delivered tumour hyperthermia. These results further indicate that this improvement is due to improved heat localisation in the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Petryk
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire and
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Garwood M. MRI of fast-relaxing spins. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 229:49-54. [PMID: 23465800 PMCID: PMC3602136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
MR imaging of extremely fast-relaxing spins is currently a topic of much interest due to recent technical innovations and groundbreaking studies demonstrating its utility in biomedical research applications. From a technical perspective, this article examines the different classes of pulse sequences currently available to image spins with ultra-short transverse relaxation times (T2 and T2*), with particular attention focused on the newest member of the class, sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Garwood
- The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
MR imaging of extremely fast-relaxing spins is currently a topic of much interest due to recent technical innovations and groundbreaking studies demonstrating its utility in biomedical research applications. From a technical perspective, this article examines the different classes of pulse sequences currently available to image spins with ultra-short transverse relaxation times (T2 and T2*), with particular attention focused on the newest member of the class, sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Garwood
- The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Hoopes PJ, Petryk AA, Tate JA, Savellano MS, Strawbridge RR, Giustini AJ, Stan RV, Gimi B, Garwood M. Imaging and modification of the tumor vascular barrier for improvement in magnetic nanoparticle uptake and hyperthermia treatment efficacy. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2013; 8584. [PMID: 25285190 DOI: 10.1117/12.2008689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The predicted success of nanoparticle based cancer therapy is due in part to the presence of the inherent leakiness of the tumor vascular barrier, the so called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Although the EPR effect is present in varying degrees in many tumors, it has not resulted in the consistent level of nanoparticle-tumor uptake enhancement that was initially predicted. Magnetic/iron oxide nanoparticles (mNPs) have many positive qualities, including their inert/nontoxic nature, the ability to be produced in various sizes, the ability to be activated by a deeply penetrating and nontoxic magnetic field resulting in cell-specific cytotoxic heating, and the ability to be successfully coated with a wide variety of functional coatings. However, at this time, the delivery of adequate numbers of nanoparticles to the tumor site via systemic administration remains challenging. Ionizing radiation, cisplatinum chemotherapy, external static magnetic fields and vascular disrupting agents are being used to modify the tumor environment/vasculature barrier to improve mNP uptake in tumors and subsequently tumor treatment. Preliminary studies suggest use of these modalities, individually, can result in mNP uptake improvements in the 3-10 fold range. Ongoing studies show promise of even greater tumor uptake enhancement when these methods are combined. The level and location of mNP/Fe in blood and normal/tumor tissue is assessed via histopathological methods (confocal, light and electron microscopy, histochemical iron staining, fluorescent labeling, TEM) and ICP-MS. In order to accurately plan and assess mNP-based therapies in clinical patients, a noninvasive and quantitative imaging technique for the assessment of mNP uptake and biodistribution will be necessary. To address this issue, we examined the use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Sweep Imaging With Fourier Transformation (SWIFT), an MRI technique which provides a positive iron contrast enhancement and a reduced signal to noise ratio, for effective observation and quantification of Fe/mNP concentrations in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jack Hoopes
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH USA 03755 ; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Alicia A Petryk
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Jennifer A Tate
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Mark S Savellano
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Rendall R Strawbridge
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Andrew J Giustini
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH USA 03755 ; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Radu V Stan
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Barjor Gimi
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH USA 03755
| | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Optimizing magnetic nanoparticle based thermal therapies within the physical limits of heating. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 41:78-88. [PMID: 22855120 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (mNP) based thermal therapies have demonstrated relevance in the clinic, but effective application requires an understanding of both its strengths and limitations. This study explores two critical limitations for clinical use: (1) maximizing localized mNP heating, while avoiding bulk heating due to inductive coupling of the applied field with the body and (2) the limits of treatable volumes, related to basic heat transfer. Two commercially available mNPs are investigated, one superparamagnetic and one ferromagnetic, thereby allowing a comparison between the two fundamental types of mNPs (both of which are being evaluated for clinical use). Important results indicate that in dispersed solutions, the superparamagnetic mNPs outperform on a per mass basis (2× better), but the ferromagnetic mNPs outperform on a per nanoparticle basis (170× better), at the fields of highest clinical relevance (approximately 100 kHz and 20 kA/m). We also demonstrate a new method of observing heating in microliter droplets of mNP solution, leading to scaling analyses that suggest treatable tumor volumes should be ≥2 mm in diameter (for mNP loading of ≥10 mg Fe/g tumor), to achieve therapeutic temperatures ≥43 °C. This technique also provides a novel platform for quantifying heating from microgram quantities of mNPs.
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