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Tarutani K. [Basics of IMRT Dose Verification Methodology and Tolerances: Explanation of AAPM TG-218]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2024; 80:226-232. [PMID: 38382982 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2024-2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tarutani
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety Kansai Rosai Hospital
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2
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Mena S, Karkour N, Alaphilippe V, Botero JP, Jiménez M, Linget D, Gibelin L, Le Ven V, Marquet A, Mellouh S, Josson E, Benassou W, Muñoz-Berbel X, Guirado G, Guardiola C. New opto-electro-mechanical sensor for two-dimensions dosimetry based on radiochromic films. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16787. [PMID: 37798315 PMCID: PMC10556105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the validation of a new Opto‒Electro-Mechanical (MOEM) system consisting of a matrix of photodetectors for two-dimensional dosimetry evaluation with radiochromic films. The proposed system is based on a 5 × 10 matrix of photodetectors controlled by both in-house electronic circuit and graphical user interface, which enables optical measurements directly. We present the first tests performed in an X-ray machine and 137Cs source with that array by using Gafchromic EBT3 films. We obtained similar results than with a standard method (e.g. flat-bed scanner). Results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations and very good agreement was found. Results show the feasibility of using this system for dose evaluations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MOEM sensor for radiotherapy. Further developments are ongoing to create an advanced 16 × 16 LDRs system covering 1.6 cm × 1.6 cm with a 1 mm of spatial resolution. We point to develop a portable dosimetry tool delivering dose maps in real time to improve the clinical application of radiochromic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mena
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - N Karkour
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - V Alaphilippe
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - J P Botero
- Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18ª-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Jiménez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Linget
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - L Gibelin
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - V Le Ven
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - A Marquet
- ESME (École Supérieure Mécanique et Electronique) Sudria, Paris, France
| | - S Mellouh
- ESME (École Supérieure Mécanique et Electronique) Sudria, Paris, France
| | - E Josson
- ESME (École Supérieure Mécanique et Electronique) Sudria, Paris, France
| | - W Benassou
- Faculté de Chimie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - X Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Guardiola
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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3
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Goosheh A, Abtahi SMM, Mahdavi SR. Response investigation of a new polymer gel dosimeter based on ammonium salt through MRI technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110956. [PMID: 37531731 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the use of polymer gel dosimetry (PGD) in radiotherapy requires reducing its toxicity. The toxicity of the PGD components causes risks for the users as well as the environment. The aim of this study is to produce a new PGD called PAGBIT (Polymer, Amps ammonium salt, Gelatin, BIs, Thpc) based on the nontoxic monomer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid ammonium salt. Furthermore, this monomer is ecofriendly. The PAGBIT PGD was prepared in the laboratory in ambient conditions. PGDs were irradiated using a clinical accelerator with a dose range of 0-10 Gy. The incident photon energy and dose rate were 6-MV and 300 cGy/min, respectively. The irradiated PGDs were imaged using a 1.5T MRI scanner 9 times in a time range of 12-720 h post-irradiation. The maximum obtained sensitivity was 0.115 ± 0.005 Gy-1s-1 at 36 h post-irradiation time. The average sensitivity change as a function of post-irradiation time was 0.0017 Gy-1s-1h-1. However, the average sensitivity change as a function of scanning temperature was 0.0006 Gy-1s-1°C-1. Results showed that the differences of effective atomic number and electron density between PAGBIT and soft tissue were 2.3% and 0.3%, respectively. It was concluded that the PAGBIT is a low toxic, water equivalent PGD with noticeable temporal and temperature stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Huang L, Gaballa H, Chang J. Evaluating dosimetric accuracy of the 6 MV calibration on EBT3 film in the use of Ir-192 high dose rate brachytherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13571. [PMID: 35226398 PMCID: PMC9121041 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of EBT3 film calibrated with a 6 MV beam for high dose rate brachytherapy and propose a novel method for direct film calibration with an Ir‐192 source. Methods The 6 MV calibration was performed in water on a linear accelerator (linac). The Ir‐192 calibration was accomplished by irradiating the film wrapped around a cylinder applicator with an Ir‐192 source. All films were scanned 1‐day post‐irradiation to acquire calibration curves for all three (red, blue, and green) channels. The Ir‐192 calibration films were also used for single‐dose comparison. Moreover, an independent test film under a H.A.M. applicator was irradiated and the 2D dose distribution was obtained separately for each calibration using the red channel data. Gamma analysis and point‐by‐point profile comparison were performed to evaluate the performance of both calibrations. The uncertainty budget for each calibration system was analyzed. Results The red channel had the best performance for both calibration systems in the single‐dose comparison. We found a significant 4.89% difference from the reference for doses <250 cGy using the 6 MV calibration, while the difference was only 0.87% for doses >600 cGy. Gamma analysis of the 2D dose distribution showed the Ir‐192 calibration had a higher passing rate of 91.9% for the 1 mm/2% criterion, compared to 83.5% for the 6 MV calibration. Most failing points were in the low‐dose region (<200 cGy). The point‐by‐point profile comparison reported a discrepancy of 2%–3.6% between the Ir‐192 and 6 MV calibrations in this low‐dose region. The linac‐ and Ir‐192‐based dosimetry systems had an uncertainty of 4.1% (k = 2) and 5.66% (k = 2), respectively. Conclusions Direct calibration of EBT3 films with an Ir‐192 source is feasible and reliable, while the dosimetric accuracy of 6 MV calibration depends on the dose range. The Ir‐192 calibration should be used when the measurement dose range is below 250 cGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Center for Advanced Medicine, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Hani Gaballa
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Center for Advanced Medicine, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Jenghwa Chang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Center for Advanced Medicine, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
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5
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Tattenberg S, Hyde D, Milette MP, Parodi K, Araujo C, Carlone M. Assessment of the Sun Nuclear ArcCHECK to detect errors in 6MV FFF VMAT delivery of brain SABR using ROC analysis. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:35-44. [PMID: 34021691 PMCID: PMC8200516 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Institutions use a range of different detector systems for patient-specific quality assurance (QA) measurements conducted to assure that the dose delivered by a patient's radiotherapy treatment plan matches the calculated dose distribution. However, the ability of different detectors to detect errors from different sources is often unreported. This study contains a systematic evaluation of Sun Nuclear's ArcCHECK in terms of the detectability of potential machine-related treatment errors. The five investigated sources of error were multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf positions, gantry angle, collimator angle, jaw positions, and dose output. The study encompassed the clinical treatment plans of 29 brain cancer patients who received stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Six error magnitudes were investigated per source of error. In addition, the Eclipse AAA beam model dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) parameter was varied with four error magnitudes. Error detectability was determined based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Detectability of DLG errors was good or excellent (AUC >0.8) at an error magnitude of at least ±0.4 mm, while MLC leaf position and gantry angle errors reached good or excellent detectability at error magnitudes of at least 1.0 mm and 0.6°, respectively. Ideal thresholds, that is, gamma passing rates, to maximize sensitivity and specificity ranged from 79.1% to 98.7%. The detectability of collimator angle, jaw position, and dose output errors was poor for all investigated error magnitudes, with an AUC between 0.5 and 0.6. The ArcCHECK device's ability to detect errors from treatment machine-related sources was evaluated, and ideal gamma passing rate thresholds were determined for each source of error. The ArcCHECK was able to detect errors in DLG value, MLC leaf positions, and gantry angle. The ArcCHECK was unable to detect the studied errors in collimator angle, jaw positions, and dose output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tattenberg
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Derek Hyde
- Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for the Southern Interior, Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Milette
- Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for the Southern Interior, Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Cynthia Araujo
- Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for the Southern Interior, Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Marco Carlone
- Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for the Southern Interior, Department of Medical Physics, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Guardiola C, Márquez A, Jiménez-Ramos MC, López JG, Baratto-Roldán A, Muñoz-Berbel X. Dosimetry with gafchromic films based on a new micro-opto-electro-mechanical system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10414. [PMID: 34001941 PMCID: PMC8129144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first tests performed with radiochromic films and a new Micro‒Opto‒Electro-Mechanical system (MOEMS) for in situ dosimetry evaluation in radiotherapy in real time. We present a new device and methodology that overcomes the traditional limitation of time-delay in radiochromic film analysis by turning a passive detector into an active sensor. The proposed system consists mainly of an optical sensor based on light emitting diodes and photodetectors controlled by both customized electronic circuit and graphical user interface, which enables optical measurements directly. We show the first trials performed in a low‒energy proton cyclotron with this MOEMS by using gafchromic EBT3 films. Results show the feasibility of using this system for in situ dose evaluations. Further adaptation is ongoing to develop a full real‒time active detector by integrating MOEM multi‒arrays and films in flexible printed circuits. Hence, we point to improve the clinical application of radiochromic films with the aim to optimize radiotherapy treatment verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guardiola
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - A Márquez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - J García López
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Baratto-Roldán
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - X Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Mittal A, Verma S, Natanasabapathi G, Kumar P, Verma AK. Diacetylene-Based Colorimetric Radiation Sensors for the Detection and Measurement of γ Radiation during Blood Irradiation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9482-9491. [PMID: 33869928 PMCID: PMC8047693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood and its cellular components are irradiated by ionizing radiation before transfusion to prevent the proliferation of viable T lymphocytes which cause transfusion associated-graft versus host disease. The immunodeficient patients undergoing chemotherapy for various malignancies are at risk of this disease. The international guidelines for blood transfusion recommend a minimum radiation exposure of 25 Gray (Gy) to the midplane of the blood bag, while a minimum dose of 15 Gy and a maximum dose of 50 Gy should be given to each portion of the blood bag. Therefore, precise dosimetry of the blood irradiator is essential to ensure the adequate irradiation of the blood components. The paper presents the fabrication of diacetylene-based colorimetric film dosimeters for the verification of irradiated doses. The diacetylene analogues are synthesized by tailoring them with different amide-based headgroups followed by their coating to develop colorimetric film dosimeters. Among all the synthesized diacetylene analogues, aminofluorene-substituted diacetylene exhibits the most significant color transition from white to blue color at a minimum γ radiation dose of 5 Gy. The quantitative study of color change is performed by the digitization of the scanned images of film dosimeters. The digital image processing of the developed film dosimeters facilitates rapid dose measurement which enables their facile implementation and promising application in routine blood irradiator dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Mittal
- Department
of Medical Physics, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Gopishankar Natanasabapathi
- Department
of Radiotherapy, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pratik Kumar
- Department
of Medical Physics, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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8
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Piffer S, Casati M, Marrazzo L, Arilli C, Calusi S, Desideri I, Fusi F, Pallotta S, Talamonti C. Validation of a secondary dose check tool against Monte Carlo and analytical clinical dose calculation algorithms in VMAT. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:52-62. [PMID: 33735491 PMCID: PMC8035572 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient-specific quality assurance (QA) is very important in radiotherapy, especially for patients with highly conformed treatment plans like VMAT plans. Traditional QA protocols for these plans are time-consuming reducing considerably the time available for patient treatments. In this work, a new MC-based secondary dose check software (SciMoCa) is evaluated and benchmarked against well-established TPS (Monaco and Pinnacle3 ) by means of treatment plans and dose measurements. METHODS Fifty VMAT plans have been computed using same calculation parameters with SciMoCa and the two primary TPSs. Plans were validated with measurements performed with a 3D diode detector (ArcCHECK) by translating patient plans to phantom geometry. Calculation accuracy was assessed by measuring point dose differences and gamma passing rates (GPR) from a 3D gamma analysis with 3%-2 mm criteria. Comparison between SciMoCa and primary TPS calculations was made using the same estimators and using both patient and phantom geometry plans. RESULTS TPS and SciMoCa calculations were found to be in very good agreement with validation measurements with average point dose differences of 0.7 ± 1.7% and -0.2 ± 1.6% for SciMoCa and two TPSs, respectively. Comparison between SciMoCa calculations and the two primary TPS plans did not show any statistically significant difference with average point dose differences compatible with zero within error for both patient and phantom geometry plans and GPR (98.0 ± 3.0% and 99.0 ± 3.0% respectively) well in excess of the typical 95 % clinical tolerance threshold. CONCLUSION This work presents results obtained with a significantly larger sample than other similar analyses and, to the authors' knowledge, compares SciMoCa with a MC-based TPS for the first time. Results show that a MC-based secondary patient-specific QA is a clinically viable, reliable, and promising technique, that potentially allows significant time saving that can be used for patient treatment and a per-plan basis QA that effectively complements traditional commissioning and calibration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piffer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)FlorenceItaly
| | - Marta Casati
- Department of Medical PhysicsCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Livia Marrazzo
- Department of Medical PhysicsCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Chiara Arilli
- Department of Medical PhysicsCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Silvia Calusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Franco Fusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Stefania Pallotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)FlorenceItaly
- Department of Medical PhysicsCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Cinzia Talamonti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)FlorenceItaly
- Department of Medical PhysicsCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
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9
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Lozares S, Font JA, Gandía A, Campos A, Flamarique S, Ibáñez R, Villa D, Alba V, Jiménez S, Hernández M, Casamayor C, Vicente I, Hernando E, Rubio P. In vivo dosimetry in low-voltage IORT breast treatments with XR-RV3 radiochromic film. Phys Med 2021; 81:173-181. [PMID: 33465753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of the study were to establish a procedure for in vivo film-based dosimetry for intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), evaluate the typical doses delivered to organs at risk, and verify the dose prescription. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo dose measurements were studied using XR-RV3 radiochromic films in 30 patients with breast cancer undergoing IORT using the Axxent® device (Xoft Inc.). The stability of the radiochromic films in the energy ranges used was verified by taking measurements at different depths. The stability of the scanner response was tested, and 5 different calibration curves were constructed for different beam qualities. Six pieces of film were placed in each of the 30 patients. All the pieces were correctly sterilized and checked to ensure that the process did not affect the outcome. All calibration and dose measurements were analyzed using the Radiochromic.com software application. RESULTS The doses were measured for 30 patients. The doses in contact with the applicator (prescription zone) were 19.8 ± 0.9 Gy. In the skin areas, the doses were as follows: 1-2 cm from the applicator, 1.86 ± 0.77 Gy; 2-5 cm, 0.73 ± 0.14 Gy; and greater than 5 cm, 0.28 ± 0.17 Gy. The dose delivered to the pectoral muscle (tungsten shielding disc) was 0.51 ± 0.27 Gy. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the viability of XR-RV3 films for in vivo dose measurement in the dose and energy ranges applied in a complex procedure, such as breast IORT. The doses in organs at risk were far below the tolerances for cases such as those studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lozares
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jose A Font
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Almudena Gandía
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arantxa Campos
- Radiation Oncology Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Flamarique
- Radiation Oncology Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Reyes Ibáñez
- Radiation Oncology Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Villa
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mónica Hernández
- Medical Physics Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Casamayor
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit. General and Digestive Surgery Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Vicente
- Breast Unit. Gynaecology Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ernesto Hernando
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit. General and Digestive Surgery Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Rubio
- Breast Unit. Gynaecology Department. Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Shin D, Yoon M, Moon S, Jo Y, Seo J. Inter-fractional entrance dose monitoring as quality assurance using Gafchromic EBT3 film. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 18:1152-1158. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Niroomand‐Rad A, Chiu‐Tsao S, Grams MP, Lewis DF, Soares CG, Van Battum LJ, Das IJ, Trichter S, Kissick MW, Massillon‐JL G, Alvarez PE, Chan MF. Report of AAPM Task Group 235 Radiochromic Film Dosimetry: An Update to TG‐55. Med Phys 2020; 47:5986-6025. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Indra J. Das
- Radiation Oncology Northwestern University Memorial Hospital Chicago IL USA
| | - Samuel Trichter
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | | | - Guerda Massillon‐JL
- Instituto de Fisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico City Mexico
| | - Paola E. Alvarez
- Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Maria F. Chan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Basking Ridge NJ USA
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12
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Alhamada H, Simon S, Philippson C, Vandekerkhove C, Jourani Y, Pauly N, Van Gestel D, Reynaert N. Monte Carlo dose calculations of shielding disks with different material combinations in intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT). Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Peng J, Shi C, Laugeman E, Hu W, Zhang Z, Mutic S, Cai B. Implementation of the structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index as a quantitative evaluation tool for dose distribution error detection. Med Phys 2020; 47:1907-1919. [PMID: 31901143 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To apply an imaging metric of the structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index to the radiotherapy dose verification field and evaluate its capability to reveal the different types of errors between two dose distributions. METHOD The SSIM index consists of three sub-indices: luminance, contrast, and structure. Given two images, luminance analysis compares the local mean result, contrast analysis compares the local standard deviation, and the structure index represents the local Pearson correlation. Three test error patterns (absolute dose error, dose gradient error, and dose structure error) were designed to characterize the response of SSIM and its sub-indices and establish the correlation between the indices and different dose error types. After establishing the correlation, four radiotherapy plans (one MLC picket-fence test plan, one brain stereotactic radiotherapy plan, and two head-and-neck plans) were tested by computing each index and compared with the gamma analysis results to determine their similarities and differences. RESULTS Among the three test error patterns, the luminance index decreased from 1 to 0.1 when the absolute dose agreement fell from 100% to 5%, the contrast index decreased from 1 to 0.36 when the dose gradient agreement fell from 100% to 10%, and the structure index decreased from 1 to 0.23 when the periodical dose pattern shifted (leading to a lower correlation). Thus, the luminance, contrast and structure index can detect the absolute dose error, gradient discrepancy, and dose structure error, respectively. For the four clinical cases, the sub-indices can reveal the type of error when gamma analysis only provided limited information. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between the subcomponents of the SSIM index and the error types of the dose distribution were established. The SSIM index provides additional error information compared to that provided by gamma analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chengyu Shi
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Laugeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Weigang Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sasa Mutic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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14
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Alhujaili SF, Davis JA, Davies J, Lerch MLF, Rosenfeld AB, Petasecca M. Characterization of an “Edgeless” Dosimeter for Angular Independent Measurements in Advanced Radiotherapy Treatments. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2906842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Kakade NR, Kumar R, Sharma SD, Mittal V, Datta D. Pretreatment Dose Verification in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Using Liquid Ionization Chamber. J Med Phys 2019; 44:9-15. [PMID: 30983765 PMCID: PMC6438046 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_108_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the practicability of liquid ionization chamber (LIC) for pretreatment dose verification of the advanced radiotherapy techniques such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Materials and Methods: The dosimetric characteristics of LIC such as repeatability, sensitivity, monitor unit linearity, dose rate dependence, angular dependence, voltage-current response, and output factors were investigated in 6 MV therapeutic X-ray beams. The LIC was cross-calibrated against 0.125-cc air-filled thimble ionization chamber. A dedicated dosimetry insert made up of Perspex to incorporate the LIC at proper location in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy thorax phantom was locally fabricated. The collection efficiency and ion recombination correction factor was determined using the two-dose rate method. Pretreatment dose verification measurement of VMAT treatment plans were carried out using the liquid ionization chamber as well as small volume (0.125 cc) air-filled thimble ionization chamber. The measured dose values by the two dosimeters and TPS calculated dose at a given point were compared. Results: The relative percentage differences between the TPS calculated and measured doses were within ± 1.57% for LIC and ± 2.21% for 0.125 cc ionization chamber, respectively. Conclusions: The measured dose values by the two dosimeters and TPS calculated dose at a given point were found comparable suggesting that the LIC could be a good choice of dosimeter for pretreatment dose verification in VMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin R Kakade
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Dutt Sharma
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Mittal
- Department of Radiotherapy, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - D Datta
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Alexander KM, Pinter C, Fichtinger G, Olding T, Schreiner LJ. Streamlined open-source gel dosimetry analysis in 3D slicer. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018; 4. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aad0cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Absolute dose verification of static intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with ion chambers of various volumes and TLD detectors. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:242-250. [PMID: 29991928 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims at examining absolute dose verification of step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) of prostate and brain patients by use of ion chambers of two different volumes and thermoluminescent detectors (TLD). Background The volume of the ion chamber (IC) is very important for absolute dose verification of IMRT plans since the IC has a volume average effect. With TLD detectors absolute dose verification can be done measuring the dose of multiple points simultaneously. Materials and methods Ion chambers FC65-P of volume 0.65 cc and semiflex of volume 0.125 cc as well as TLDs were used to measure the central axis absolute dose of IMRT quality assurance (QA) plans. The results were compared with doses calculated by a treatment planning system (TPS). The absolute doses of off axis points located 2 cm and 4 cm away from the isocenter were measured with TLDs. Results The measurements of the 0.125 cc ion chamber were found to be closer to TPS calculations compared to the 0.65 cc ion chamber, for both patient groups. For both groups the root mean square (RMS) differences between doses of the TPS and the TLD detectors are within 3.0% for the central axis and points 2 cm away from the isocenter of each axis. Larger deviations were found at the field edges, which have steep dose gradient. Conclusions The 0.125 cc ion chamber measures the absolute dose of the isocenter more accurately compared to the 0.65 cc chamber. TLDs have good accuracy (within 3.0%) for absolute dose measurements of in-field points.
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18
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Grams MP, de Los Santos LEF. Design and clinical use of a rotational phantom for dosimetric verification of IMRT/VMAT treatments. Phys Med 2018; 50:59-65. [PMID: 29891095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the design and clinical use of a rotational phantom for dosimetric verification of IMRT/VMAT treatment plans using radiochromic film. METHODS A solid water cylindrical phantom was designed with separable upper and lower halves and rests on plastic bearings allowing for 360° rotation about its central axis. The phantom accommodates a half sheet of radiochromic film, and by rotating the cylinder, the film can be placed in any plane between coronal and sagittal. Calculated dose planes coinciding with rotated film measurements are exported by rotating the CT image and dose distribution within the treatment planning system. The process is illustrated with 2 rotated film measurements of an SRS treatment plan involving 4 separate targets. Additionally, 276 patient specific QA measurements were obtained with the phantom and analyzed with a 2%/2 mm gamma criterion. RESULTS The average 2%/2 mm gamma passing rate for all 276 plans was 99.3%. Seventy-two of the 276 plans were measured with the plane of the film rotated between the coronal and sagittal planes and had an average passing rate of 99.4%. CONCLUSIONS The rotational phantom allows for accurate film measurements in any plane. With this technique, regions of a dose distribution which might otherwise require multiple sagittal or coronal measurements can be verified with as few as a single measurement. This increases efficiency and, in combination with the high spatial resolution inherent to film dosimetry, makes the rotational technique an attractive option for patient-specific QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Grams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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19
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Farhood B, Abtahi SMM, Geraily G, Ghorbani M, Mahdavi SR, Zahmatkesh MH. Dosimetric characteristics of PASSAG as a new polymer gel dosimeter with negligible toxicity. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Miften M, Olch A, Mihailidis D, Moran J, Pawlicki T, Molineu A, Li H, Wijesooriya K, Shi J, Xia P, Papanikolaou N, Low DA. Tolerance limits and methodologies for IMRT measurement-based verification QA: Recommendations of AAPM Task Group No. 218. Med Phys 2018; 45:e53-e83. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moyed Miften
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora CO USA
| | - Arthur Olch
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Southern California and Radiation Oncology Program; Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Dimitris Mihailidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Pennsylvania; Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jean Moran
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Todd Pawlicki
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Andrea Molineu
- Radiological Physics Center; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX USA
| | - Harold Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Krishni Wijesooriya
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Jie Shi
- Sun Nuclear Corporation; Melbourne FL USA
| | - Ping Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Nikos Papanikolaou
- Department of Medical Physics; University of Texas Health Sciences Center; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Daniel A. Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
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21
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Dosimetric verification and quality assurance for intensity-modulated radiation therapy using Gafchromic® EBT3 film. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396917000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine the dosimetric properties of Gafchromic® EBT3 film and intensity-modulated radiation therapy quality assurance (IMRT QA).Materials and methodsBeams characteristics dosimetric properties and 20 IMRT plans were created and irradiated on Varian dual-energy DHX-S Linac for 6 and 15 MV energies. EBT3 films were analysed using ‘film Pro QA 2014’ software.ResultsThe dosimetric comparison of EBT3 film (for red channel dosimetry) and ionisation ion chamber measurement showed that average deviations of symmetry, flatness, central axis, penumbra (left) and penumbra (right) of dose profile were 0·18, 1·34, 0·49%, 3·68 and 3·61 mm for 6 MV and 0·10, 1·3, 0·45, 2·65 and 2·71 mm for 15 MV, respectively. The blue and green channels dosimetry showed greater dose deviation as compared with red channel. IMRT QA verification plan complied about 95% at all different criteria. Reproducibility, stability and face orientation of film were within 1·4% for red channel.ConclusionsThe results advocate that the film can be used not only for dosimetric assessment but also as a reliable IMRT QA tool.
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22
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Differential dose absorptions for various biological tissue equivalent materials using Gafchromic XR-QA2 film in diagnostic radiology. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 129:130-134. [PMID: 28843699 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phantoms are devices that simulate human tissues including soft tissues, lungs, and bones in medical and health physics. The purpose of this work was to investigate the differential dose absorption in several commercially available low-cost materials as substitutes to human tissues using Gafchromic XR-QA2 film. The measurement of absorbed dose by different materials of various densities was made using the film to establish the relationship between the absorbed dose and the material density. Materials investigated included soft board materials, Perspex, chicken bone, Jeltrate, chalk, cow bone, marble, and aluminum, which have varying densities from 0.26 to 2.67gcm-3. The absorbed dose increased as the density and atomic number of the material increased. The absorbed dose to the density can be well represented by a polynomial function for the materials used.
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23
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Tomida M, Kamomae T, Suzuki J, Ohashi Y, Itoh Y, Oguchi H, Okuda T. Clinical usefulness of MLCs in robotic radiosurgery systems for prostate SBRT. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2017; 18:124-133. [PMID: 28691256 PMCID: PMC5875821 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using recently introduced multileaf collimators (MLC) is preferred over circular collimators in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of MLCs in prostate SBRT by comparing the effectiveness of treatment plans using fixed collimators, variable collimators, and MLCs and by ensuring delivery quality assurance (DQA) for each. For each patient who underwent conventional radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer, mock SBRT plans were created using a fixed collimator, a variable collimator, and an MLC. The total MUs, treatment times, and dose-volume histograms of the planning target volumes and organs at risk for each treatment plan were compared. For DQA, a phantom with a radiochromic film or an ionization chamber was irradiated in each plan. We performed gamma-index analysis to evaluate the consistency between the measured and calculated doses. The MLC-based plans had an ~27% lower average total MU than the plans involving other collimators. Moreover, the average estimated treatment time for the MLC plan was 31% and 20% shorter than that for the fixed and variable collimator plans respectively. The gamma-index passing rate in the DQA using film measurements was slightly lower for the MLC than for the other collimators. The DQA results acquired using the ionization chamber showed that the discrepancies between the measured and calculated doses were within 3% in all cases. The results reinforce the usefulness of MLCs in robotic radiosurgery for prostrate SBRT treatment planning; most notably, the total MU and treatment time were both reduced compared to the cases using other types of collimators. Moreover, although the DQA results based on film dosimetry yielded a slightly lower gamma-index passing rate for the MLC than for the other collimators, the MLC accuracy was determined to be sufficient for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tomida
- Department of Radiology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan.,Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamomae
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junji Suzuki
- Department of Quality Management for Radiotherapy, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohashi
- Department of Radiology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Oguchi
- Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahito Okuda
- Department of Radiology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
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24
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Hsieh LL, Shieh JI, Wei LJ, Wang YC, Cheng KY, Shih CT. Polymer gel dosimeters for pretreatment radiotherapy verification using the three-dimensional gamma evaluation and pass rate maps. Phys Med 2017; 37:75-81. [PMID: 28535918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer gel dosimeters (PGDs) have been widely studied for use in the pretreatment verification of clinical radiation therapy. However, the readability of PGDs in three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry remain unclear. In this study, the pretreatment verifications of clinical radiation therapy were performed using an N-isopropyl-acrylamide (NIPAM) PGD, and the results were used to evaluate the performance of the NIPAM PGD on 3D dose measurement. A gel phantom was used to measure the dose distribution of a clinical case of intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed for dose readouts. The measured dose volumes were compared with the planned dose volume. The relative volume histograms showed that relative volumes with a negative percent dose difference decreased as time elapsed. Furthermore, the histograms revealed few changes after 24h postirradiation. For the 3%/3mm and 2%/2mm criteria, the pass rates of the 12- and 24-h dose volumes were higher than 95%, respectively. This study thus concludes that the pass rate map can be used to evaluate the dose-temporal readability of PGDs and that the NIPAM PGD can be used for clinical pretreatment verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzih Road, Taichung 40601, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzih Road, Taichung 40601, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-I Shieh
- Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Ju Wei
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzih Road, Taichung 40601, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ting Shih
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Colodro JFM, Berná AS, Puchades VP, Amores DR, Baños MA. Volumetric-modulated Arc Therapy Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dosimetric Quality Assurance: A Comparison between Radiochromic Film and Chamber Array. J Med Phys 2017; 42:133-139. [PMID: 28974858 PMCID: PMC5618459 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_130_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this work is to verify the use of radiochromic film in the quality assurance (QA) of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) plans and compare the results with those obtained using an ion chamber array. Materials and Methods: QA was performed for 14 plans using a two-dimensional-array seven29 and EBT3 film. Dose values per session ranged between 7.5 Gy and 18 Gy. The multichannel method was used to obtain a dose map for film. Results: The results obtained were compared with treatment planning system calculated profiles through gamma analysis. Passing criteria were 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm and 3%/1.5 mm with maximum and local dose (LD) normalization. Mean gamma passing rate (GPR) (percentage of points presenting a gamma function value of <1) was obtained and compared. Calibration curves were obtained for each color channel within the dose range 0–16 Gy. Mean GPR values for film were >98.9% for all criteria when normalizing per maximum dose. When using LD, normalization was >92.7%. GPR values for the array were lower for all criteria; this difference being statistically significant when normalizing at LD, reaching 12% for the 3%/1.5 mm criterion. Conclusion: Both detectors provide satisfactory results for the QA of plans for VMAT lung SBRT. The film provided greater mean GPR values, afforded greater spatial resolution and was more efficient overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fernando Mata Colodro
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Santa Lucia University Hospital, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Serna Berná
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Santa Lucia University Hospital, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Puchades Puchades
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Santa Lucia University Hospital, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Ramos Amores
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Santa Lucia University Hospital, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcaraz Baños
- Department of Medical Physic Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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26
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Zheng Y, Kang Y, Zeidan O, Schreuder N. An end-to-end assessment of range uncertainty in proton therapy using animal tissues. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:8010-8024. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/22/8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Marroquin EYL, Herrera González JA, Camacho López MA, Barajas JEV, García-Garduño OA. Evaluation of the uncertainty in an EBT3 film dosimetry system utilizing net optical density. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2016; 17:466-481. [PMID: 27685125 PMCID: PMC5874103 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v17i5.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiochromic film has become an important tool to verify dose distributions for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and quality assurance (QA) procedures. A new radiochromic film model, EBT3, has recently become available, whose composition and thickness of the sensitive layer are the same as those of previous EBT2 films. However, a matte polyester layer was added to EBT3 to prevent the formation of Newton's rings. Furthermore, the symmetrical design of EBT3 allows the user to eliminate side-orientation dependence. This film and the flatbed scanner, Epson Perfection V750, form a dosimetry system whose intrinsic characteristics were studied in this work. In addition, uncertainties associated with these intrinsic characteristics and the total uncertainty of the dosimetry system were determined. The analysis of the response of the radiochromic film (net optical density) and the fitting of the experimental data to a potential function yielded an uncertainty of 2.6%, 4.3%, and 4.1% for the red, green, and blue channels, respectively. In this work, the dosimetry system presents an uncertainty in resolving the dose of 1.8% for doses greater than 0.8 Gy and less than 6 Gy for red channel. The films irradiated between 0 and 120 Gy show differences in the response when scanned in portrait or landscape mode; less uncertainty was found when using the portrait mode. The response of the film depended on the position on the bed of the scanner, contributing an uncertainty of 2% for the red, 3% for the green, and 4.5% for the blue when placing the film around the center of the bed of scanner. Furthermore, the uniformity and reproducibility radiochromic film and reproducibility of the response of the scanner contribute less than 1% to the overall uncertainty in dose. Finally, the total dose uncertainty was 3.2%, 4.9%, and 5.2% for red, green, and blue channels, respectively. The above uncertainty values were obtained by mini-mizing the contribution to the total dose uncertainty of the film orientation and film homogeneity.
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28
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Chen SN, Gauthier M, Bazalova-Carter M, Bolanos S, Glenzer S, Riquier R, Revet G, Antici P, Morabito A, Propp A, Starodubtsev M, Fuchs J. Absolute dosimetric characterization of Gafchromic EBT3 and HDv2 films using commercial flat-bed scanners and evaluation of the scanner response function variability. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:073301. [PMID: 27475550 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiochromic films (RCF) are commonly used in dosimetry for a wide range of radiation sources (electrons, protons, and photons) for medical, industrial, and scientific applications. They are multi-layered, which includes plastic substrate layers and sensitive layers that incorporate a radiation-sensitive dye. Quantitative dose can be retrieved by digitizing the film, provided that a prior calibration exists. Here, to calibrate the newly developed EBT3 and HDv2 RCFs from Gafchromic™, we used the Stanford Medical LINAC to deposit in the films various doses of 10 MeV photons, and by scanning the films using three independent EPSON Precision 2450 scanners, three independent EPSON V750 scanners, and two independent EPSON 11000XL scanners. The films were scanned in separate RGB channels, as well as in black and white, and film orientation was varied. We found that the green channel of the RGB scan and the grayscale channel are in fact quite consistent over the different models of the scanner, although this comes at the cost of a reduction in sensitivity (by a factor ∼2.5 compared to the red channel). To allow any user to extend the absolute calibration reported here to any other scanner, we furthermore provide a calibration curve of the EPSON 2450 scanner based on absolutely calibrated, commercially available, optical density filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Chen
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universite Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universities, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Gauthier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Bazalova-Carter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - S Bolanos
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universite Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universities, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Riquier
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universite Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universities, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - G Revet
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universite Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universities, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, Varennes, J3X1S2 Québec, Canada
| | - A Morabito
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU non profit kft, Dugonics ter 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Propp
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Starodubtsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universite Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universities, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Tamponi M, Bona R, Poggiu A, Marini P. A new form of the calibration curve in radiochromic dosimetry. Properties and results. Med Phys 2016; 43:4435. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4954208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Moignier C, Huet C, Barraux V, Fontaine J, Loiseau C, Sebe-Mercier K, Batalla A, Makovicka L. Development of a protocol for small beam bi-dimensional dose distribution measurements with radiochromic films. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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García-Garduño OA, Lárraga-Gutiérrez JM, Rodríguez-Villafuerte M, Martínez-Dávalos A, Rivera-Montalvo T. Effect of correction methods of radiochromic EBT2 films on the accuracy of IMRT QA. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 107:121-126. [PMID: 26492322 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O A García-Garduño
- Laboratorio de Física Médica & Unidad de Radioneurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Lindavista, 11500 Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - J M Lárraga-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Física Médica & Unidad de Radioneurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - M Rodríguez-Villafuerte
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - A Martínez-Dávalos
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - T Rivera-Montalvo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Lindavista, 11500 Mexico D.F., Mexico
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32
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Lewis D, Devic S. Correcting scan-to-scan response variability for a radiochromic film-based reference dosimetry system. Med Phys 2015; 42:5692-701. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4929563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Son J, Baek T, Lee B, Shin D, Park SY, Park J, Lim YK, Lee SB, Kim J, Yoon M. A comparison of the quality assurance of four dosimetric tools for intensity modulated radiation therapy. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49:307-13. [PMID: 26401138 PMCID: PMC4577229 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to compare the quality assurance (QA) results of four dosimetric tools used for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and to suggest universal criteria for the passing rate in QA, irrespective of the dosimetric tool used. Materials and methods. Thirty fields of IMRT plans from five patients were selected, followed by irradiation onto radiochromic film, a diode array (Mapcheck), an ion chamber array (MatriXX) and an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for patient-specific QA. The measured doses from the four dosimetric tools were compared with the dose calculated by the treatment planning system. The passing rates of the four dosimetric tools were calculated using the gamma index method, using as criteria a dose difference of 3% and a distance-to-agreement of 3 mm. Results The QA results based on Mapcheck, MatriXX and EPID showed good agreement, with average passing rates of 99.61%, 99.04% and 99.29%, respectively. However, the average passing rate based on film measurement was significantly lower, 95.88%. The average uncertainty (1 standard deviation) of passing rates for 6 intensity modulated fields was around 0.31 for film measurement, larger than those of the other three dosimetric tools. Conclusions QA results and consistencies depend on the choice of dosimetric tool. Universal passing rates should depend on the normalization or inter-comparisons of dosimetric tools if more than one dosimetric tool is used for patient specific QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeman Son
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea ; Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Taesung Baek
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dongho Shin
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Park
- McLaren Proton Therapy Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Jeonghoon Park
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Lim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Se Byeong Lee
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Myonggeun Yoon
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Vadrucci M, Esposito G, Ronsivalle C, Cherubini R, Marracino F, Montereali RM, Picardi L, Piccinini M, Pimpinella M, Vincenti MA, De Angelis C. Calibration of GafChromic EBT3 for absorbed dose measurements in 5 MeV proton beam and 60
Co γ-rays. Med Phys 2015; 42:4678-84. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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35
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Lin MH, Veltchev I, Koren S, Ma C, Li J. Robotic radiosurgery system patient-specific QA for extracranial treatments using the planar ion chamber array and the cylindrical diode array. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2015. [PMID: 26219013 PMCID: PMC5690014 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v16i4.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Robotic radiosurgery system has been increasingly employed for extracranial treatments. This work is aimed to study the feasibility of a cylindrical diode array and a planar ion chamber array for patient‐specific QA with this robotic radiosurgery system and compare their performance. Fiducial markers were implanted in both systems to enable image‐based setup. An in‐house program was developed to postprocess the movie file of the measurements and apply the beam‐by‐beam angular corrections for both systems. The impact of noncoplanar delivery was then assessed by evaluating the angles created by the incident beams with respect to the two detector arrangements and cross‐comparing the planned dose distribution to the measured ones with/without the angular corrections. The sensitivity of detecting the translational (1–3 mm) and the rotational (1°–3°) delivery errors were also evaluated for both systems. Six extracranial patient plans (PTV 7–137 cm3) were measured with these two systems and compared with the calculated doses. The plan dose distributions were calculated with ray‐tracing and the Monte Carlo (MC) method, respectively. With 0.8 by 0.8 mm2 diodes, the output factors measured with the cylindrical diode array agree better with the commissioning data. The maximum angular correction for a given beam is 8.2% for the planar ion chamber array and 2.4% for the cylindrical diode array. The two systems demonstrate a comparable sensitivity of detecting the translational targeting errors, while the cylindrical diode array is more sensitive to the rotational targeting error. The MC method is necessary for dose calculations in the cylindrical diode array phantom because the ray‐tracing algorithm fails to handle the high‐Z diodes and the acrylic phantom. For all the patient plans, the cylindrical diode array/ planar ion chamber array demonstrate 100%/>;92%(3%/3 mm) passing rates. The feasibility of using both systems for robotic radiosurgery system patient‐specific QA has been demonstrated. For gamma evaluation, 2%/2 mm criteria for cylindrical diode array and 3%/3 mm criteria for planar ion chamber array are suggested. The customized angular correction is necessary as proven by the improved passing rate, especially with the planar ion chamber array system. PACS number: 29.40.‐n
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Han Lin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine.
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36
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Mayer R, Lin L, Fager M, Douglas D, McDonough J, Carabe A. Proposed linear energy transfer areal detector for protons using radiochromic film. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:044301. [PMID: 25933872 DOI: 10.1063/1.4917418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy depends on predictably and reliably delivering dose to tumors and sparing normal tissues. Protons with kinetic energy of a few hundred MeV can selectively deposit dose to deep seated tumors without an exit dose, unlike x-rays. The better dose distribution is attributed to a phenomenon known as the Bragg peak. The Bragg peak is due to relatively high energy deposition within a given distance or high Linear Energy Transfer (LET). In addition, biological response to radiation depends on the dose, dose rate, and localized energy deposition patterns or LET. At present, the LET can only be measured at a given fixed point and the LET spatial distribution can only be inferred from calculations. The goal of this study is to develop and test a method to measure LET over extended areas. Traditionally, radiochromic films are used to measure dose distribution but not for LET distribution. We report the first use of these films for measuring the spatial distribution of the LET deposited by protons. The radiochromic film sensitivity diminishes for large LET. A mathematical model correlating the film sensitivity and LET is presented to justify relating LET and radiochromic film relative sensitivity. Protons were directed parallel to radiochromic film sandwiched between solid water slabs. This study proposes the scaled-normalized difference (SND) between the Treatment Planning system (TPS) and measured dose as the metric describing the LET. The SND is correlated with a Monte Carlo (MC) calculation of the LET spatial distribution for a large range of SNDs. A polynomial fit between the SND and MC LET is generated for protons having a single range of 20 cm with narrow Bragg peak. Coefficients from these fitted polynomial fits were applied to measured proton dose distributions with a variety of ranges. An identical procedure was applied to the protons deposited from Spread Out Bragg Peak and modulated by 5 cm. Gamma analysis is a method for comparing the calculated LET with the LET measured using radiochromic film at the pixel level over extended areas. Failure rates using gamma analysis are calculated for areas in the dose distribution using parameters of 25% of MC LET and 3 mm. The processed dose distributions find 5%-10% failure rates for the narrow 12.5 and 15 cm proton ranges and 10%-15% for proton ranges of 15, 17.5, and 20 cm and modulated by 5 cm. It is found through gamma analysis that the measured proton energy deposition in radiochromic film and TPS can be used to determine LET. This modified film dosimetry provides an experimental areal LET measurement that can verify MC calculations, support LET point measurements, possibly enhance biologically based proton treatment planning, and determine the polymerization process within the radiochromic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulon Mayer
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Liyong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Marcus Fager
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dan Douglas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - James McDonough
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alejandro Carabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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37
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Li B, Behrman RH. An investigation into factors affecting the precision of CT radiation dose profile width measurements using radiochromic films. Med Phys 2015; 42:1765-72. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4914396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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38
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Shimohigashi Y, Araki F, Maruyama M, Nakaguchi Y, Kuwahara S, Nagasue N, Kai Y. Evaluation of a single-scan protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2015; 16:5226. [PMID: 26103194 PMCID: PMC5690093 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v16i2.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single-scan protocol using Gafchromic EBT3 film (EBT3) by comparing it with the commonly used 24-hr measurement protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry. Radiochromic film is generally scanned 24 hr after film exposure (24-hr protocol). The single-scan protocol enables measurement results within a short time using only the verification film, one calibration film, and unirradiated film. The single-scan protocol was scanned 30 min after film irradiation. The EBT3 calibration curves were obtained with the multichannel film dosimetry method. The dose verifications for each protocol were performed with the step pattern, pyramid pattern, and clinical treatment plans for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The absolute dose distributions for each protocol were compared with those calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) using gamma evaluation at 3% and 3 mm. The dose distribution for the single-scan protocol was within 2% of the 24-hr protocol dose distribution. For the step pattern, the absolute dose discrepancies between the TPS for the single-scan and 24-hr protocols were 2.0 ± 1.8 cGy and 1.4 ± 1.2 cGy at the dose plateau, respectively. The pass rates were 96.0% for the single-scan protocol and 95.9% for the 24-hr protocol. Similarly, the dose discrepancies for the pyramid pattern were 3.6 ± 3.5cGy and 2.9 ± 3.3 cGy, respectively, while the pass rates for the pyramid pattern were 95.3% and 96.4%, respectively. The average pass rates for the four IMRT plans were 96.7% ± 1.8% for the single-scan protocol and 97.3% ± 1.4% for the 24-hr protocol. Thus, the single-scan protocol measurement is useful for dose verification of IMRT, based on its accuracy and efficiency.
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39
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Reinhardt S, Würl M, Greubel C, Humble N, Wilkens JJ, Hillbrand M, Mairani A, Assmann W, Parodi K. Investigation of EBT2 and EBT3 films for proton dosimetry in the 4-20 MeV energy range. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2015; 54:71-79. [PMID: 25572031 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiochromic films such as Gafchromic EBT2 or EBT3 films are widely used for dose determination in radiation therapy because they offer a superior spatial resolution compared to any other digital dosimetric 2D detector array. The possibility to detect steep dose gradients is not only attractive for intensity-modulated radiation therapy with photons but also for intensity-modulated proton therapy. Their characteristic dose rate-independent response makes radiochromic films also attractive for dose determination in cell irradiation experiments using laser-driven ion accelerators, which are currently being investigated as future medical ion accelerators. However, when using these films in ion beams, the energy-dependent dose response in the vicinity of the Bragg peak has to be considered. In this work, the response of these films for low-energy protons is investigated. To allow for reproducible and background-free irradiation conditions, the films were exposed to mono-energetic protons from an electrostatic accelerator, in the 4-20 MeV energy range. For comparison, irradiation with clinical photons was also performed. It turned out that in general, EBT2 and EBT3 films show a comparable performance. For example, dose-response curves for photons and protons with energies as low as 11 MeV show almost no differences. However, corrections are required for proton energies below 11 MeV. Care has to be taken when correction factors are related to an average LET from depth-dose measurements, because only the dose-averaged LET yields similar results as obtained in mono-energetic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reinhardt
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - M Würl
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - C Greubel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik (LRT2), Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85779, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - N Humble
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - J J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hillbrand
- Rinecker Proton Therapy Center, Munich, Germany
| | - A Mairani
- Medical Physics Unit CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - W Assmann
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - K Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
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40
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Morrison H, Menon G, Sloboda RS. Radiochromic film calibration for low-energy seed brachytherapy dose measurement. Med Phys 2015; 41:072101. [PMID: 24989396 DOI: 10.1118/1.4881146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiochromic film dosimetry is typically performed for high energy photons and moderate doses characterizing external beam radiotherapy (XRT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of previously established film calibration procedures used in XRT when applied to low-energy, seed-based brachytherapy at higher doses, and to determine necessary modifications to achieve similar accuracy in absolute dose measurements. METHODS Gafchromic EBT3 film was used to measure radiation doses upwards of 35 Gy from 75 kVp, 200 kVp, 6 MV, and (∼28 keV) I-125 photon sources. For the latter irradiations a custom phantom was built to hold a single I-125 seed. Film pieces were scanned with an Epson 10000XL flatbed scanner and the resulting 48-bit RGB TIFF images were analyzed using both FilmQA Pro software andMATLAB. Calibration curves relating dose and optical density via a rational functional form for all three color channels at each irradiation energy were determined with and without the inclusion of uncertainties in the measured optical densities and dose values. The accuracy of calibration curve variations obtained using piecewise fitting, a reduced film measurement area for I-125 irradiation, and a reduced number of dose levels was also investigated. The energy dependence of the film lot used was also analyzed by calculating normalized optical density values. RESULTS Slight differences were found in the resulting calibration curves for the various fitting methods used. The accuracy of the calibration curves was found to improve at low doses and worsen at high doses when including uncertainties in optical densities and doses, which may better represent the variability that could be seen in film optical density measurements. When exposing the films to doses > 8 Gy, two-segment piecewise fitting was found to be necessary to achieve similar accuracies in absolute dose measurements as when using smaller dose ranges. When reducing the film measurement area for the I-125 irradiations, the accuracy of the calibration curve was degraded due to the presence of localized film heterogeneities. No degradation in the calibration curves was found when reducing the number of calibration points down to only 4, but with piecewise fitting, 6 calibration points as well as a blank film are required. Variations due to photon energy in film optical density of up to 3% were found above doses of 2 Gy. CONCLUSIONS A modified procedure for performing EBT3 film calibration was established for use with low-energy brachytherapy seeds and high dose exposures. The energy dependence between 6 MV and I-125 photons is significant such that film calibrations should be done with an appropriately low-energy source when performing low-energy brachytherapy dose measurements. Two-segment piecewise fitting with the inclusion of errors in measured optical density as well as dose was found to result in the most accurate calibration curves. Above doses of 1 Gy, absolute dose measurements can be made with an accuracy of 1.6% for 6 MV beams and 5.7% for I-125 seed exposures if using the I-125 source for calibration, or 2.3% if using the 75 kVp photon beam for calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Morrison
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Geetha Menon
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ron S Sloboda
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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41
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Chan E, Lydon J, Kron T. On the use of Gafchromic EBT3 films for validating a commercial electron Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:2091-102. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/5/2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Pisaturo O, Miéville F, Tercier PA, Allal AS. An efficient procedure for tomotherapy treatment plan verification using the on-board detector. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:1625-39. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/4/1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Schoenfeld AA, Poppinga D, Harder D, Doerner KJ, Poppe B. The artefacts of radiochromic film dosimetry with flatbed scanners and their causation by light scattering from radiation-induced polymers. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:3575-97. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/13/3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chan MF, Lewis D, Yu X. Is It Possible to Publish a Calibration Function for Radiochromic Film? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS, CLINICAL ENGINEERING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2014; 3:25-30. [PMID: 27642545 PMCID: PMC5023153 DOI: 10.4236/ijmpcero.2014.31005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the possibility of using a public calibration function for radiochromic film dosimetry in dose QA of highly conformal treatment plans. METHODS EBT3 film calibration strips (3.5 × 20 cm2 from lots A101212 and A011713) were exposed on a Varian Trilogy at a facility to a 10 × 10 cm2 open field at doses of 80, 160, 320 cGy using 6MV photons. Together with a strip of unexposed film from the same lot the exposed films were digitized in a single scan using different Epson 10,000 XL scanners at two different facilities. The dose-response data for each color-channel from each facility were generated using the same calibration function X(D) = a + b/(D - c), where X(D) is the response at dose D and a, b and c are the coefficients. Different batches of EBT3 film were exposed to a VMAT beam. These films, plus two reference strips exposed to doses of zero and 160 cGy, were digitized on the scanners at the two facilities. Using the multi-channel dosimetry method and One-scan protocol (Med Phys, 39:6339-49, 2012) the recorded doses on the VMAT films were calculated and the results were compared with the VMAT plan using a Gamma index of 3%/3 mm. RESULTS The passing rates obtained for dose maps calculated for all combinations of VMAT images and calibration functions were nearly unchanged, using the One-scan protocol. Also, in all cases a passing rate of >99% was obtained for Gamma index of 3%/3 mm. On the other hand, if the One-scan protocol was not employed, the dose maps for VMAT images and calibration functions from different scanners showed poor correlation with the treatment plan. This is probably due to the scan-to-scan variability. CONCLUSIONS The authors have found that it is feasible to use a public calibration function for a given radiochromic film lot using the same methodology, One-scan protocol, for patient-specific QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Chan
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Basking Ridge, USA
| | - David Lewis
- Advanced Materials Group, Ashland, Inc., Bridgewater, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Advanced Materials Group, Ashland, Inc., Bridgewater, USA
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Poppinga D, Schoenfeld AA, Doerner KJ, Blanck O, Harder D, Poppe B. A new correction method serving to eliminate the parabola effect of flatbed scanners used in radiochromic film dosimetry. Med Phys 2014; 41:021707. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4861098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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46
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Developing a novel method to analyse Gafchromic EBT2 films in intensity modulated radiation therapy quality assurance. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2013; 36:487-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-013-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim SM, Chmielewski R, Abbas A, Yeung IWT, Moseley DJ. Quality assurance of asymmetric jaw alignment using 2D diode array. Med Phys 2013; 40:122101. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4828784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sorriaux J, Kacperek A, Rossomme S, Lee J, Bertrand D, Vynckier S, Sterpin E. Evaluation of Gafchromic® EBT3 films characteristics in therapy photon, electron and proton beams. Phys Med 2013; 29:599-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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49
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Tanooka M, Doi H, Miura H, Inoue H, Niwa Y, Takada Y, Fujiwara M, Sakai T, Sakamoto K, Kamikonya N, Hirota S. Three-dimensional radiochromic film dosimetry for volumetric modulated arc therapy using a spiral water phantom. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:1153-1159. [PMID: 23685667 PMCID: PMC3823780 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We validated 3D radiochromic film dosimetry for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using a newly developed spiral water phantom. The phantom consists of a main body and an insert box, each of which has an acrylic wall thickness of 3 mm and is filled with water. The insert box includes a spiral film box used for dose-distribution measurement, and a film holder for positioning a radiochromic film. The film holder has two parallel walls whose facing inner surfaces are equipped with spiral grooves in a mirrored configuration. The film is inserted into the spiral grooves by its side edges and runs along them to be positioned on a spiral plane. Dose calculation was performed by applying clinical VMAT plans to the spiral water phantom using a commercial Monte Carlo-based treatment-planning system, Monaco, whereas dose was measured by delivering the VMAT beams to the phantom. The calculated dose distributions were resampled on the spiral plane, and the dose distributions recorded on the film were scanned. Comparisons between the calculated and measured dose distributions yielded an average gamma-index pass rate of 87.0% (range, 91.2-84.6%) in nine prostate VMAT plans under 3 mm/3% criteria with a dose-calculation grid size of 2 mm. The pass rates were increased beyond 90% (average, 91.1%; range, 90.1-92.0%) when the dose-calculation grid size was decreased to 1 mm. We have confirmed that 3D radiochromic film dosimetry using the spiral water phantom is a simple and cost-effective approach to VMAT dose verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Tanooka
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hideharu Miura
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasue Niwa
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takada
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Radiological Technology, Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital, Hyogo, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sakamoto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital, Hyogo, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kamikonya
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shozo Hirota
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
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Alashrah S, Kandaiya S, Lum LS, Cheng SK. Depth dependence of the single chamber response function of the I'mRT MatriXX array in a 6 MV photon beam. Z Med Phys 2013; 23:270-8. [PMID: 24113373 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the factors which influence the spatial resolution of a 2D detector array is the size of the single detector, another the transport of the secondary electrons from the walls into the measuring volume. In this study, the single ion chamber dose response function of an I'mRT MatriXX array was determined by comparison between slit beam dose profiles measured with the array and with EBT2 radiochromic film in a solid water-equivalent phantom at a shallow depth of 0.5cm and at a depth of 5cm beyond the depth dose maximum for a 6 MV photon beam. The dose response functions were obtained using two methods, the best fit method and the deconvolution method. At the shallow depth, a Lorentz function and at 5cm depth a Gaussian function, both with the same FWHM of 7.4mm within limits of uncertainty, were identified as the best suited dose response functions of the 4.5mm diameter single array chamber. These dose response functions were then tested on various dose profiles whose true shape had been determined with EBT2 film and with the IC03 ionization chamber. By convolving these with the Lorentz kernel (at shallow depth) and the Gaussian kernel (at 5cm depth) the signal profiles measured with the I'mRT MatriXX array were closely approximated. Thus, the convolution of TPS-calculated dose profiles with these dose response functions can minimize the differences between calculation and measurement which occur due to the limited spatial resolution of the I'mRT MatriXX detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alashrah
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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