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Brighi C, Waddington DEJ, Keall PJ, Booth J, O’Brien K, Silvester S, Parkinson J, Mueller M, Yim J, Bailey DL, Back M, Drummond J. The MANGO study: a prospective investigation of oxygen enhanced and blood-oxygen level dependent MRI as imaging biomarkers of hypoxia in glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1306164. [PMID: 38192626 PMCID: PMC10773871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1306164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of ~5% and most tumours recurring locally within months of first-line treatment. Hypoxia is associated with worse clinical outcomes in GBM, as it leads to localized resistance to radiotherapy and subsequent tumour recurrence. Current standard of care treatment does not account for tumour hypoxia, due to the challenges of mapping tumour hypoxia in routine clinical practice. In this clinical study, we aim to investigate the role of oxygen enhanced (OE) and blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI as non-invasive imaging biomarkers of hypoxia in GBM, and to evaluate their potential role in dose-painting radiotherapy planning and treatment response assessment. Methods The primary endpoint is to evaluate the quantitative and spatial correlation between OE and BOLD MRI measurements and [18F]MISO values of uptake in the tumour. The secondary endpoints are to evaluate the repeatability of MRI biomarkers of hypoxia in a test-retest study, to estimate the potential clinical benefits of using MRI biomarkers of hypoxia to guide dose-painting radiotherapy, and to evaluate the ability of MRI biomarkers of hypoxia to assess treatment response. Twenty newly diagnosed GBM patients will be enrolled in this study. Patients will undergo standard of care treatment while receiving additional OE/BOLD MRI and [18F]MISO PET scans at several timepoints during treatment. The ability of OE/BOLD MRI to map hypoxic tumour regions will be evaluated by assessing spatial and quantitative correlations with areas of hypoxic tumour identified via [18F]MISO PET imaging. Discussion MANGO (Magnetic resonance imaging of hypoxia for radiation treatment guidance in glioblastoma multiforme) is a diagnostic/prognostic study investigating the role of imaging biomarkers of hypoxia in GBM management. The study will generate a large amount of longitudinal multimodal MRI and PET imaging data that could be used to unveil dynamic changes in tumour physiology that currently limit treatment efficacy, thereby providing a means to develop more effective and personalised treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Brighi
- Image X Institute, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David E. J. Waddington
- Image X Institute, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Keall
- Image X Institute, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy Booth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shona Silvester
- Image X Institute, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon Parkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Mueller
- Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jackie Yim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dale L. Bailey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Back
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - James Drummond
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Li T, Wang J, Yang Y, Glide-Hurst CK, Wen N, Cai J. Multi-parametric MRI for radiotherapy simulation. Med Phys 2023; 50:5273-5293. [PMID: 36710376 PMCID: PMC10382603 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important imaging modality in the field of radiotherapy (RT) in the past decade, especially with the development of various novel MRI and image-guidance techniques. In this review article, we will describe recent developments and discuss the applications of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in RT simulation. In this review, mpMRI refers to a general and loose definition which includes various multi-contrast MRI techniques. Specifically, we will focus on the implementation, challenges, and future directions of mpMRI techniques for RT simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yingli Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univeristy School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Ruijing-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Carri K Glide-Hurst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univeristy School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Ruijing-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Jie C, Li R, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wu Q, Xie C. Prospects and feasibility of synergistic therapy with radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122352. [PMID: 36875059 PMCID: PMC9981667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are increasing, seriously threatening human health and life. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has an insidious onset and is not easy to be diagnosed in its early stage. Distant metastasis often occurs and the prognosis is poor. Radiotherapy (RT) combined with immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has become the focus of research in NSCLC. The efficacy of immunoradiotherapy (iRT) is promising, but further optimization is necessary. DNA methylation has been involved in immune escape and radioresistance, and becomes a game changer in iRT. In this review, we focused on the regulation of DNA methylation on ICIs treatment resistance and radioresistance in NSCLC and elucidated the potential synergistic effects of DNA methyltransferases inhibitors (DNMTis) with iRT. Taken together, we outlined evidence suggesting that a combination of DNMTis, RT, and immunotherapy could be a promising treatment strategy to improve NSCLC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rumeng Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Cheng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Mireștean CC, Iancu RI, Iancu DPT. New horizons in modulating the radio-sensitivity of head and neck cancer - 100 years after Warburg' effect discovery. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908695. [PMID: 36568220 PMCID: PMC9780029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor radiation resistance along with chemotherapy resistance is one of the main causes of therapeutic failure of radiotherapy-treated head and neck cancers. 100 years after the discovery of the Warburg effect, a process specific to malignant cells to metabolize glucose especially anaerobically even under normoxia condition, its modulation has become a viable therapeutic target for improving the results of cancer therapies. Improving the radio-sensitivity of head and neck tumors by reversing the Warburg effect can increase the rate of local control and reduce the toxicity associated with irradiation. P53 status can be used as a biomarker in the choice of a single agent strategy (cell respiration inhibition with Metformin) or double inhibition, both of respiration and glycolysis. Targeting of enzymes involved in the Warburg effect, such as Hexokinase-II, are strategies with potential to be applied in clinical practice with radio-sensitizing effect for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Even if anti-Warburg therapies tested in clinical trials have been associated with either toxic deaths or a minor clinical benefit, the identification of both potential radio-sensitivity biomarkers and methods of reversing the Warburg effect will play an important role in the radiobiology of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camil Ciprian Mireștean
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania,Department of Surgery, Railways Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Irina Iancu
- Oral Pathology Department, “Gr.T.Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,Department of Clinical Laboratory, St. Spiridon Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania,*Correspondence: Roxana Irina Iancu,
| | - Dragoș Petru Teodor Iancu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, “Gr.T.Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
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Meng F, Liu J, Wei J, Yang J, Zhou C, Yan J, Liu B. Tumor-penetrating peptide internalizing RGD enhances radiotherapy efficacy through reducing tumor hypoxia. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1417-1427. [PMID: 35133063 PMCID: PMC8990783 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to irradiation (IR) remains a major therapeutic challenge in tumor radiotherapy. The development of novel tumor-specific radiosensitizers is crucial for effective radiotherapy against solid tumors. Here, we revealed that remodeling tumor tissue penetration via tumor-penetrating peptide internalizing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid RGD (iRGD) enhanced irradiation efficacy. The growth of 4T1 and CT26 multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and tumors was delayed significantly by the treatment with IR and iRGD. Mechanistically, iRGD reduced hypoxia in MCTS and tumors, resulting in enhanced apoptosis after MCTS and tumors were treated with IR and iRGD. This is the first report that shows enhanced radiation efficacy by remodeling tumor-specific tissue penetration with iRGD, implying the potential clinical application of peptides in future tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jun Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Chong Zhou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jing Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
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Ni J, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Hu S. Activatable UCL/CT/MR-enhanced in vivo imaging-guided radiotherapy and photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:549-561. [PMID: 34985095 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although sophisticated radiotherapy (RT) technology has been widely applied in clinical oncotherapy, unsatisfactory therapeutic effects due to hypoxic tumor microenvironments and complications are still prevalent. Herein, copper sulphide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) wrapped on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) via manganese dioxide (MnO2) coatings were synthesized for O2 self-supplementing and enhanced combinational RT/photothermal therapy (PTT). In our design, the nanoplatforms can be rapidly enriched at tumor sites by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and respond to the tumor microenvironment. The surface MnO2 coatings can interact with over-expressed H2O2 in tumors and cause an abundant generation of oxygen for hypoxic improvement, leading to an enhanced RT. More importantly, by irradiation with near-infrared light, the scattered CuS NPs can convert light energy into heat to destroy tumor cells and reinforce the therapeutic effects of RT. Furthermore, these NPs also displayed excellent performances in upconversion fluorescence imaging (UCL), computerized tomographic (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demonstrating a potential imaging-guided cancer therapy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Ni
- Radiology Department, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Huiting Xu
- Radiology Department, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Yanqi Zhong
- Radiology Department, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yongping Zhou
- Hepatobiliary surgery Department, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
| | - Shudong Hu
- Radiology Department, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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7
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Sundar S, Symonds P. Reoxygenation With Fractionated Radiation Therapy in Clinical Practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1090-1091. [PMID: 34655554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhanam Sundar
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Symonds
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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8
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Yin WJ, Chen DP, Wang MY, Zheng L, Dong EL, Liu JQ, Qi B. Prognostic value of hypertension in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1313. [PMID: 34532450 PMCID: PMC8422106 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of hypertension remains unknown in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). In this study, we aimed to develop hypertension as a prognostic signature for improving the clinical outcome of non-metastatic NPC patients treated with IMRT. Methods A clinical cohort, comprising 1,057 patients with non-metastatic, histologically proven, NPC who were treated with IMRT were retrospectively reviewed. Associations between hypertension and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were estimated by Cox regression. A subgroup analysis of the relationship between hypertension grade and NPC prognosis was also conducted. Results Among the 1057 patients, 94 (8.9%) had hypertension. Significant differences were observed between patients with hypertension and patients without hypertension in relation to OS (66.6% vs. 85.4%; P<0.0001), PFS (60.8% vs. 76.3%; P=0.001), LRRFS (85.3% vs. 90.5%; P=0.024), and DMFS (77.4% vs. 85.1%; P=0.048), and patients without hypertension had greater treatment success rates. The Cox analysis showed that hypertension was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for OS [hazards ratio (HR), 2.056; P=0.001], PFS (HR, 1.716; P=0.005), and DMFS (HR, 1.658; P=0.049). The patients with more severe levels of hypertension had worse OS and LRRFS. Specifically, the 5-year OS and LRRFS for grades 1, 2, and 3 were 70.6%, 64.3%, and 62.4% (P=0.712), and 89.5%, 86.4%, and 76.1% (P=0.376), respectively. Conclusions Hypertension is an independent adverse prognostic factor in NPC patients treated with IMRT. The question of whether the severity of hypertension affects prognosis needs to be further verified by large sample data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ping Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En-Lai Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Quan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Zhao Q, Zheng Z, Liu S, Meng L, Dong L, Jiang X. Vascular normalization in immunotherapy: A promising mechanisms combined with radiotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111607. [PMID: 33965730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leakage and compression of blood vessels may result in deprivation of blood flow to a large number of tumor tissues, which can lead to tumor hypoxia. Hypoxia induces an increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in tumor cells, which induces angiogenesis in tumors through the high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, thereby forming a positive feedback vicious circle. Improving hypoxia by normalizing blood vessels and improving radiosensitivity by immunotherapy has emerged as a new application of combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Interferon γ produced by CD4 + /CD8 + T cells, induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors, plays an important role in the normalization of blood vessels; tumor-associated eosinophils also play a role in the process of immunotherapy-induced blood vessel normalization. In addition, the reduction in regulatory T cells induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors can increase eosinophil levels, which promotes the further development of vascular normalization mechanisms. This review focuses on the mechanism of immunotherapy to normalize blood vessels, and proposes a good prospect for improving hypoxia. Due to the narrow vascular normalization window of anti-angiogenesis therapy, discovery of the vascular normalization effect of immunotherapy provides a new idea for the combined application of immunotherapy and radiotherapy. The enlarged vascular normalization window and improved hypoxia provide a good opportunity for the subsequent implementation of radiotherapy. The above sorting and analysis may pave the way for a promising strategy for cancer treatment via combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Mein S, Tessonnier T, Kopp B, Harrabi S, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Haberer T, Mairani A. Spot-Scanning Hadron Arc (SHArc) Therapy: A Study With Light and Heavy Ions. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100661. [PMID: 33817410 PMCID: PMC8010580 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical potential of spot-scanning hadron arc (SHArc) therapy with a heavy-ion gantry. METHODS AND MATERIALS A series of in silico studies was conducted via treatment plan optimization in FRoG and the RayStation TPS to compare SHArc therapy against reference plans using conventional techniques with single, parallel-opposed, and 3-field configurations for 3 clinical particle beams (protons [p], helium [4He], and carbon [12C] ions). Tests were performed on water-equivalent cylindrical phantoms for simple targets and clinical-like scenarios with an organ-at-risk in proximity of the target. Effective dose and dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETD) distributions for SHArc were evaluated against conventional planning techniques applying the modified microdosimetric kinetic model for considering bio-effect with (α/β)x = 2 Gy. A model for hypoxia-induced tumor radio-resistance was developed for particle therapy with dependence on oxygen concentration and particle species/energy (Zeff/β)2 to investigate the impact on effective dose. RESULTS SHArc plans exhibited similar target coverage with unique treatment attributes and distributions compared with conventional planning, with carbon ions demonstrating the greatest potential for tumor control and normal tissue sparing among the arc techniques. All SHArc plans exhibited a low-dose bath outside the target volume with a reduced maximum dose in normal tissues compared with single, parallel-opposed, and 3-field configuration plans. Moreover, favorable LETD distributions were made possible using the SHArc approach, with maximum LETD in the r = 5 mm tumor core (~8 keVμm-1, ~30 keVμm-1, and ~150 keVμm-1 for p, 4He, and 12C ions, respectively) and reductions of high-LET regions in normal tissues and organs-at-risk compared with static treatment beam delivery. CONCLUSION SHArc therapy offers potential treatment benefits such as increased normal tissue sparing. Without explicit consideration of oxygen concentration during treatment planning and optimization, SHArc-C may mitigate tumor hypoxia-induced loss of efficacy. Findings justify further development of robust SHArc treatment planning toward potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Mein
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tessonnier
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kopp
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Semi Harrabi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haberer
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Medical Physics, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Yun B, Zhu H, Yuan J, Sun Q, Li Z. Synthesis, modification and bioapplications of nanoscale copper chalcogenides. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4778-4812. [PMID: 32226981 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper chalcogenides have a simple general formula, variable atomic ratios, and complicated crystal structures, which lead to their wealth of optical, electrical, and magnetic properties with great potential for wide applications ranging from energy conversion to the biomedical field. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in (1) the synthesis of size- and morphology tunable nanostructures by different methods; (2) surface modification and functionalization for different purposes; and (3) bioapplications for diagnosis and treatment of tumors by different imaging and therapy methods, as well as antibacterial applications. We also briefly discuss the future directions and challenges of copper chalcogenide nanoparticles in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Yun
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hongqin Zhu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxin Yuan
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Qiao Sun
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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12
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Zhao R, Liu H, Li Y, Guo M, Zhang XD. Catalytic Nanozyme for Radiation Protection. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:411-429. [PMID: 33570917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been widely used in clinical cancer treatment. However, the ionizing radiation required to kill the tumor will inevitably cause damage to the surrounding normal tissues. To minimize the radiation damage and side effects, small molecular radioprotective agents have been used as clinical adjuvants for radiation protection of healthy tissues. However, the shortcomings of small molecules such as short circulation time and rapid kidney clearance from the body greatly hinder their biomedical applications. In recent years, nanozymes have attracted much attention because of their potential to treat a variety of diseases. Nanozymes exhibit catalytic properties and antioxidant capabilities to provide a potential solution for the development of high-efficiency radioprotective agents in radiotherapy and nuclear radiation accidents. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarize the catalytic nanozymes used for radiation protection of healthy tissues and discuss the challenges and future prospects of nanomaterials in the field of radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haile Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Meili Guo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Donlon NE, Power R, Hayes C, Davern M, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. Radiation and Immunotherapy in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: The Current State of Play. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031071. [PMID: 33499003 PMCID: PMC7865314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains one of the contemporary cornerstones of cancer treatment in the neoadjuvant, curative, adjuvant and palliative settings, either in isolation or as a multimodal approach. Moreover, recent advances in targeted immune checkpoint therapy have firmly established immunotherapy as the fourth pillar in cancer therapy alongside surgery, chemotherapy and notably radiotherapy. There is emerging evidence to suggest both radioresistance and reduced efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) are potentiated by the tumour microenvironment (TME) and in fact modulating aspects of this immunosuppressive milieu is instrumental to unlocking anti-tumour immunity. The response rates of Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancies to ICB remains modest at 10–15%, compared to melanoma at 20–40%. Harnessing the effects of radiotherapy through remodelling of the TME using ICB as a radiosensitisor is an avenue showing promise. Here we explore the rationale behind combining radiotherapy with ICB, as a symbiotic relationship in shifting the balance in favour of anti-tumour immunity. We discuss the effects of radiotherapy on immunogenic cell death, the concept of the abscopal effect, the importance of the cGAS STING pathway, and their relevance in the context of the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, dosing and timing of radiotherapy and ICB is now being evaluated for its synergistic effects on host tumour immunity, and we review the ongoing efforts and current available literature for single agent and dual agent ICB in combination multimodal therapy for both locally advanced operable and metastatic disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel E. Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (R.P.); (C.H.); (M.D.); (J.V.R.)
- Trinity St James’ Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (R.P.); (C.H.); (M.D.); (J.V.R.)
- Trinity St James’ Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (R.P.); (C.H.); (M.D.); (J.V.R.)
- Trinity St James’ Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (R.P.); (C.H.); (M.D.); (J.V.R.)
- Trinity St James’ Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (R.P.); (C.H.); (M.D.); (J.V.R.)
- Trinity St James’ Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (R.P.); (C.H.); (M.D.); (J.V.R.)
- Trinity St James’ Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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14
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Donlon NE, Power R, Hayes C, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. Radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and the tumour microenvironment: Turning an immunosuppressive milieu into a therapeutic opportunity. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:84-96. [PMID: 33450360 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionised the treatment of solid tumours, yet most patients do not derive a clinical benefit. Resistance to ICB is often contingent on the tumour microenvironment (TME) and modulating aspects of this immunosuppressive milieu is a goal of combination treatment approaches. Radiation has been used for over a century in the management of cancer with more than half of all cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Here, we outline the rationale behind combining radiotherapy with ICB, a potential synergy through mutually beneficial remodelling of the TME. We discuss the pleiotropic effects radiation has on the TME including immunogenic cell death, activation of cytosolic DNA sensors, remodelling the stroma and vasculature, and paradoxical infiltration of both anti-tumour and suppressive immune cell populations. These events depend on the radiation dose and fractionation and optimising these parameters will be key to develop safe and effective combination regimens. Finally, we highlight ongoing efforts that combine radiation, immunotherapy and inhibitors of DNA damage response, which can help achieve a favourable equilibrium between the immunogenic and tolerogenic effects of radiation on the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Power
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Hayes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Lou M, Li R, Lang TY, Zhang LY, Zhou Q, Li L. Aberrant methylation of GADD45A is associated with decreased radiosensitivity in cervical cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:8. [PMID: 33240414 PMCID: PMC7681222 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of GADD45A is a common occurrence in different types of cancer. However, little is known regarding its association with radiosensitivity in cervical cancer (CC). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between aberrant GADD45A methylation and radiosensitivity in CC. SiHa, HeLa and CaSki CC cells were treated with 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), with or without irradiation. The expression levels of GADD45A and AKT related molecules were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. The methylation status of GADD45A was assessed via methylation-specific PCR and cell proliferation assays, while clonogenic assays and flow cytometric analysis were performed to assess the function of the genes (GADD45A and AKT) in the CC cell lines. The results demonstrated that methylation of GADD45A was significantly higher in the radioresistant tissues (63.16%) compared with the radiosensitive samples (33.33%). In addition, the surviving fraction of SiHa cells following irradiation with 2 Gy was demonstrated to be highest amongst the three CC cells (CaSki, 57±9.5%; HeLa, 70±4% and SiHa, 75±10%). The survival rate of SiHa cells following treatment with 5-azaC and ionizing radiation (IR) significantly decreased as the radiation dose increased, compared with treatment with IR alone. Following overexpression of GADD45A or treatment with 5-azaC, the radiosensitivity of SiHa cells significantly increased compared with both the control vector and PBS treated groups. In addition, the AKT inhibitor, MK-2206, increased the radiosensitivity of SiHa cells. Notably, aberrant methylation of GADD45A was associated with decreased radiosensitivity in CC, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was essential for radioresistance, which was mediated through downregulation of GADD45A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Yuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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16
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Fehrenbach U, Feldhaus F, Kahn J, Böning G, Maurer MH, Renz D, Frost N, Streitparth F. Tumour response in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy - Can spectral CT predict recurrence? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2019; 63:641-649. [PMID: 31282130 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumour response in lung cancer treatment is monitored by measuring lesion size in computed tomography (CT). Spectral CT (SCT) offers additional information on tumour tissue besides morphology. We evaluated SCT iodine content (IC) and performed spectral slope analysis to assess the response of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS Eighty-three patients with advanced NSCLC treated by CRT prospectively underwent single-phase, contrast-enhanced SCT. Evaluation of all patients included treatment response (RECIST 1.1), quantitative measurements as well as SCT IC determination and spectral slope analysis in NSCLC primaries. Measurements were performed at the maximum cross-diameter of tumours and in areas with high iodine values (hotspot analysis). Iodine difference (ΔIC) was calculated. Secondary outcome parameters were IC and spectral slopes in mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 61). RESULTS Twenty-four patients (29%) showed complete remission after CRT. Thirty-four patients (41%) had stable disease (SDSCT ) or partial regression (PRSCT ). Progressive disease (PDSCT ) was seen in 25 patients (30%). Hotspot analysis showed significantly higher iodine values in PDSCT than in SDSCT /PRSCT (P < 0.001). Ten patients (12%) with initially stable disease in SCT showed progressive disease during follow-up for up to 18 months (PDFU ). These patients also had significantly higher hotspot iodine values and ΔIC in the initial scan compared to patients with SD throughout the follow-up period (SDFU ) (29%) (P < 0.001). Enlarged lymph nodes showed significantly lower iodine content and a lower spectral slope pitch than normal-sized nodes (P = 0.003 to 0.029). CONCLUSION Spectral CT-derived iodine content of NSCLC following CRT may help in predicting recurrence. Hotspot analysis and iodine heterogeneity allow the identification of residual vascularisation as an indicator of vital tumour tissue, indicating that IC might be a suitable imaging biomarker for predicting tumour progression. Iodine content and spectral slope analysis might also help in identifying metastatic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Fehrenbach
- Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Feldhaus
- Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kahn
- Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Böning
- Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin H Maurer
- Radiology, University Hospital/Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diane Renz
- Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Frost
- Internal Medicine - Pulmonology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Streitparth
- Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Radiology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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17
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Zong Z, Hua L, Wang Z, Xu H, Ye C, Pan B, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Lu J, Mei LH, Rutong Y. Self-assembled angiopep-2 modified lipid-poly (hypoxic radiosensitized polyprodrug) nanoparticles delivery TMZ for glioma synergistic TMZ and RT therapy. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:34-44. [PMID: 30744436 PMCID: PMC6394306 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1534897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiotherapy (RT) improves survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, TMZ + RT causes excess toxicity in patients. In this study, we prepared angiopep-2 (A2) modified lipid-poly (hypoxic radiosensitized polyprodrug) nanoparticles for TMZ delivery (A2-P(MIs)25/TMZ) to achieve synergistic effects against glioma. This A2-P(MIs)25/TMZ display highly promising advantages: (1) a hydrophobic P-(MIs)25 core where poorly water-soluble TMZ can be encapsulated; (2) nitro groups of the hydrophobic P-(MIs)25 core that are converted into hydrophilic amino groups (P(NH2s)25) under low oxygen conditions to mimic the oxygen-increased sensitization to RT; (3) a lipid monolayer at the interface of the core and the shell to modify the A2 (a specific ligand for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), which are expressed in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and human glioma cells), thereby enhancing the drug encapsulation efficiency in glioma. These nanoparticles appear as a promising and robust nanoplatforms for TMZ and hypoxic cell radiosensitization delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Zong
- a Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China.,c Department of Neurosurgery , Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lei Hua
- a Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China.,c Department of Neurosurgery , Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Zhen Wang
- b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Haoyue Xu
- b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Chengkun Ye
- b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Bomin Pan
- b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Zongren Zhao
- b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Jun Lu
- e Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province School of Life Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Liu Hong Mei
- b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China.,c Department of Neurosurgery , Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China.,f Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy , Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Yu Rutong
- a Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Institute of Nervous System Diseases , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China.,c Department of Neurosurgery , Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China.,f Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy , Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
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18
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Tam SY, Wu VWC. A Review on the Special Radiotherapy Techniques of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:208. [PMID: 31001474 PMCID: PMC6454863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest cancers worldwide. Radiotherapy has been established as an indispensable component of treatment. Although conventional radiotherapy provides good local control, radiotherapy treatment side-effects, local recurrence and distant metastasis remain to be the concerns. With the recent technological advancements, various special radiotherapy treatment options have been offered. This review article discusses the recently-developed special radiotherapy treatment modalities for various conditions of colorectal cancer ranging from early stage, locally advanced stage, recurrent, and metastatic diseases. The discussion focuses on the areas of feasibility, local control, and survival benefits of the treatment modalities. This review also provides accounts of the future direction in radiotherapy of colorectal cancer with emphasis on the coming era of personalized radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Yau Tam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent W C Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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19
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Wang Y, Liu ZG, Yuan H, Deng W, Li J, Huang Y, Kim BYS, Story MD, Jiang W. The Reciprocity between Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1709-1717. [PMID: 30413527 PMCID: PMC6420874 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating metastatic and refractory cancers has generated significant interest in investigating their role in treating locally advanced diseases, thus requiring them to be combined with standard treatments in the hope of producing synergistic antitumor responses. Radiotherapy, in particular, has long been hypothesized to have actions complementary to those of immune checkpoint blockade, and a growing body of evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapy may also have radiosensitizing effects, which would provide unique benefit for locoregional treatments. Recent studies have demonstrated that when immune cells are activated by immunotherapeutics, they can reprogram the tumor microenvironment in ways that may potentially increase the radiosensitivity of the tumor. In this review, we highlight the evidence that supports reciprocal interactions between cancer immunotherapy and radiotherapy, where in addition to the traditional notion that radiation serves to enhance the activation of antitumor immunity, an alternative scenario also exists in which T-cell activation by cancer immunotherapy may sensitize tumors to radiation treatment through mechanisms that include normalization of the tumor vasculature and tissue hypoxia. We describe the empirical observations from preclinical models that support such effects and discuss their implications for future research and trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hengfeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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20
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Fan W, Tang W, Lau J, Shen Z, Xie J, Shi J, Chen X. Breaking the Depth Dependence by Nanotechnology-Enhanced X-Ray-Excited Deep Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806381. [PMID: 30698854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in nanotechnology have created multifunctional nanomaterials aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy for cancer. However, the ability to target deep-seated tumors remains one of the most critical challenges for certain nanomedicine applications. To this end, X-ray-excited theranostic techniques provide a means of overcoming the limits of light penetration and tissue attenuation. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in nanotechnology-enhanced X-ray-excited imaging and therapeutic methodologies is presented, with an emphasis on the design of multifunctional nanomaterials for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging, X-ray-excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging, and X-ray-excited multimodal synchronous/synergistic therapy. The latter is based on the concurrent use of radiotherapy with chemotherapy, gas therapy, photodynamic therapy, or immunotherapy. Moreover, the featured biomedical applications of X-ray-excited deep theranostics are discussed to highlight the advantages of X-ray in high-sensitivity detection and efficient elimination of malignant tumors. Finally, key issues and technical challenges associated with this deep theranostic technology are identified, with the intention of advancing its translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Stewart RD, Carlson DJ, Butkus MP, Hawkins R, Friedrich T, Scholz M. A comparison of mechanism-inspired models for particle relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Med Phys 2018; 45:e925-e952. [PMID: 30421808 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE The application of heavy ion beams in cancer therapy must account for the increasing relative biological effectiveness (RBE) with increasing penetration depth when determining dose prescriptions and organ at risk (OAR) constraints in treatment planning. Because RBE depends in a complex manner on factors such as the ion type, energy, cell and tissue radiosensitivity, physical dose, biological endpoint, and position within and outside treatment fields, biophysical models reflecting these dependencies are required for the personalization and optimization of treatment plans. AIM To review and compare three mechanism-inspired models which predict the complexities of particle RBE for various ion types, energies, linear energy transfer (LET) values and tissue radiation sensitivities. METHODS The review of models and mechanisms focuses on the Local Effect Model (LEM), the Microdosimetric-Kinetic (MK) model, and the Repair-Misrepair-Fixation (RMF) model in combination with the Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS). These models relate the induction of potentially lethal double strand breaks (DSBs) to the subsequent interactions and biological processing of DSB into more lethal forms of damage. A key element to explain the increased biological effectiveness of high LET ions compared to MV x rays is the characterization of the number and local complexity (clustering) of the initial DSB produced within a cell. For high LET ions, the spatial density of DSB induction along an ion's trajectory is much greater than along the path of a low LET electron, such as the secondary electrons produced by the megavoltage (MV) x rays used in conventional radiation therapy. The main aspects of the three models are introduced and the conceptual similarities and differences are critiqued and highlighted. Model predictions are compared in terms of the RBE for DSB induction and for reproductive cell survival. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Comparisons of the RBE for DSB induction and for cell survival are presented for proton (1 H), helium (4 He), and carbon (12 C) ions for the therapeutically most relevant range of ion beam energies. The reviewed models embody mechanisms of action acting over the spatial scales underlying the biological processing of potentially lethal DSB into more lethal forms of damage. Differences among the number and types of input parameters, relevant biological targets, and the computational approaches among the LEM, MK and RMF models are summarized and critiqued. Potential experiments to test some of the seemingly contradictory aspects of the models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356043, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Butkus
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roland Hawkins
- Radiation Oncology Center, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70121, USA
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Kefayat A, Ghahremani F, Motaghi H, Rostami S, Mehrgardi MA. Alive attenuated Salmonella as a cargo shuttle for smart carrying of gold nanoparticles to tumour hypoxic regions. J Drug Target 2018; 27:315-324. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1523417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Oncology, Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics & Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hasan Motaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Xie J, Wang C, Zhao F, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Application of Multifunctional Nanomaterials in Radioprotection of Healthy Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800421. [PMID: 30019546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been extensively used in clinic for malignant tumors treatment. However, a severe challenge of it is that the ionizing radiation needed to kill tumors inevitably causes damage to surrounding normal tissues. Although some of the molecular radioprotective drugs, such as amifostine, have been used as clinical adjuvants to radio-protect healthy tissues, their shortcomings such as short systemic circulation time and fast biological clearing from the body largely hinder the sustained bioactivity. Recently, with the rapid development of nanotechnology in the biological field, the multifunctional nanomaterials not only establish powerful drug delivery systems to improve the molecular radioprotective drugs' biological availability, but also open a new route to develop neozoic radioprotective agents because some nanoparticles possess intrinsic radioprotective abilities. Therefore, considering these overwhelming superiorities, this review systematically summarizes the advances in healthy tissue radioprotection applications of multifunctional nanomaterials. Furthermore, this review also points out a perspective of nanomaterial designs for radioprotection applications and discusses the challenges and future outlooks of the nanomaterial-mediated radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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24
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Cosset JM. [Hypofractionated irradiation of prostate cancer: What is the radiobiological understanding in 2017?]. Cancer Radiother 2017; 21:447-453. [PMID: 28847464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For prostate cancer, hypofractionation has been based since 1999 on radiobiological data, which calculated a very low alpha/beta ratio (1.2 to 1.5Gy). This suggested that a better local control could be obtained, without any toxicity increase. Consequently, two types of hypofractionated schemes were proposed: "moderate" hypofractionation, with fractions of 2.5 to 4Gy, and "extreme" hypofractionation, utilizing stereotactic techniques, with fractions of 7 to 10Gy. For moderate hypofractionation, the linear-quadratic (LQ) model has been used to calculate the equivalent doses of the new protocols. The available trials have often shown a "non-inferiority", but no advantage, while the equivalent doses calculated for the hypofractionated arms were sometimes very superior to the doses of the conventional arms. This finding could suggest either an alpha/beta ratio lower than previously calculated, or a negative impact of other radiobiological parameters, which had not been taken into account. For "extreme" hypofractionation, the use of the LQ model is discussed for high dose fractions. Moreover, a number of radiobiological questions are still pending. The reduced overall irradiation time could be either a positive point (better local control) or a negative one (reduced reoxygenation). The prolonged duration of the fractions could lead to a decrease of efficacy (because allowing for reparation of sublethal lesions). Finally, the impact of the large fractions on the microenvironment and/or immunity remains discussed. The reported series appear to show encouraging short to mid-term results, but the results of randomized trials are still awaited. Today, it seems reasonable to only propose those extreme hypofractionated schemes to well-selected patients, treating small volumes with high-level stereotactic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Cosset
- GIE Charlebourg, groupe Amethyst, 65, avenue Foch, 92250 La Garenne-Colombes, France.
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25
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Liu H, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Qiu H, Hua L, Liu X, Li Y, Lu J, Zhang L, Yu R. Development of a Hypoxic Radiosensitizer-Prodrug Liposome Delivery DNA Repair Inhibitor Dbait Combination with Radiotherapy for Glioma Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371526 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly radioresistant tumors, mainly due to hypoxia in the core region of the gliomas and efficient DNA double-strand break repair. However, the design of a radiosensitizer incorporating the two above mechanisms is difficult and has rarely been reported. Thus, this study develops a hypoxic radiosensitizer-prodrug liposome (MLP) to deliver the DNA repair inhibitor Dbait (MLP/Dbait) to achieve the simultaneous entry of radiosensitizers with two different mechanisms into the glioma. MLP/Dbait effectively sensitizes glioma cells to X-ray radiotherapy (RT). Histological and microscopic examinations of dissected brain tissue confirm that MLP effectively delivers Dbait into the glioma. Furthermore, the combination of MLP/Dbait with RT significantly inhibits growth of the glioma, as assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. These findings suggest that MLP is a promising candidate as a Dbait delivery system to enhance the effect of RT on glioma, owing to the synergistic effects of the two different radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Cai
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
| | - Yandong Xie
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221002 P. R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221002 P. R. China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221000 China
- Institute of Nervous System DiseasesXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221002 P. R. China
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26
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Li YG, Liang NX, Qin YZ, Ma DJ, Huang CJ, Liu L, Li SQ. Effects of RNAi-mediated TUSC3 silencing on radiation-induced autophagy and radiation sensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 under hypoxic condition. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5458-3. [PMID: 27900564 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of RNAi-mediated TUSC3 silencing on radiation-induced autophagy and radiation sensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 under hypoxic condition. Different CoCl2 concentrations were used to treat A549 cells and establish a CoCl2-induced hypoxic model of A549 cells. MTT and clone formation assays were used to determine the effects of different concentrations of CoCl2 on the growth and proliferation of A549 cells treated by different doses of X-ray irradiation. The siRNA-expressing vector was transfected by liposomes and for silencing of TUSC3. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle changes and apoptosis rate. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to detect the expression of TUSC3 mRNA. Western blotting was applied to detect the changes of TUSC3, LC3, and p62 proteins under different CoCl2 concentrations and after siRNA silencing of TUSC3. The TUSC3 levels in A549 cells increased under hypoxic conditions in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Hypoxia inhibited the growth and proliferation of A549 cells and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05). With an increasing dose of X-ray irradiation, A549 cells showed significantly increased growth and proliferation and decreased apoptosis (P < 0.05). After siRNA-TUSC3 was transfected by liposome, the TUSC3 level was substantially inhibited (P < 0.05). Silencing TUSC3 inhibited A549 cell growth and proliferation after radiotherapy under hypoxic condition, promoted apoptosis, increased G0/G1 phase cells, and reduced S phase cells (all P < 0.05). Hypoxia and radiation along with different CoCl2 concentrations could induce cell autophagy, which increased with concentration and dose, while silencing the TUSC3 gene inhibited autophagy (all P < 0.05). RNAi silencing of TUSC3 inhibited growth and proliferation, while enhanced apoptosis and radiation sensitivity of hypoxic A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Xin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Zhi Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Jie Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jin Huang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Aoki M, Akimoto H, Sato M, Hirose K, Kawaguchi H, Hatayama Y, Seino H, Kakehata S, Tsushima F, Fujita H, Fujita T, Fujioka I, Tanaka M, Miura H, Ono S, Takai Y. Impact of pretreatment whole-tumor perfusion computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography measurements on local control of non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:533-540. [PMID: 27296251 PMCID: PMC5045076 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the average iodine density (AID) detected by dual-energy computed tomography (DE-CT) and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) yielded by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Seventy-four patients with medically inoperable NSCLC who underwent both DE-CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT before SBRT (50‒60 Gy in 5‒6 fractions) were followed up after a median interval of 24.5 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine associations between local control (LC) and variables, including AID, SUVmax, tumor size, histology, and prescribed dose. The median AID and SUVmax were 18.64 (range, 1.18-45.31) (100 µg/cm3) and 3.2 (range, 0.7-17.6), respectively. No correlation was observed between AID and SUVmax Two-year LC rates were 96.2% vs 75.0% (P = 0.039) and 72.0% vs 96.2% (P = 0.002) for patients classified according to high vs low AID or SUVmax, respectively. Two-year LC rates for patients with adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma vs unknown cancer were 96.4% vs 67.1% vs 92.9% (P = 0.008), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified SUVmax as a significant predictor of LC. The 2-year LC rate was only 48.5% in the subgroup of lower AID and higher SUVmax vs >90% (range, 94.4-100%) in other subgroups (P = 0.000). Despite the short follow-up period, a reduction in AID and subsequent increase in SUVmax correlated significantly with local failure in SBRT-treated NSCLC patients. Further studies involving larger populations and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Aoki
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Akimoto
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hirose
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, 963-8052 Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideo Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Hatayama
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroko Seino
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shinya Kakehata
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Tsushima
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujita
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tamaki Fujita
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ichitaro Fujioka
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Tanaka
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ono
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takai
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, 036-8562 Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Cheng CC, Guan SS, Yang HJ, Chang CC, Luo TY, Chang J, Ho AS. Blocking heme oxygenase-1 by zinc protoporphyrin reduces tumor hypoxia-mediated VEGF release and inhibits tumor angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:18. [PMID: 26822586 PMCID: PMC4730655 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia in tumor niche is one of important factors to start regeneration of blood vessels, leading to increase survival, proliferation, and invasion in cancer cells. Under hypoxia microenvironment, furthermore, steadily increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is observed, and can increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and promote angiogenesis. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, is potential to inhibit tumor proliferation and progression. However, the mechanism of ZnPP in inhibition of tumor is not completely clear. We hypothesize that ZnPP may modulate HIF-1α through inhibiting HO-1, and then inhibit angiogenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to dissect the mechanism of ZnPP in tumor suppression. Results We observed the amount of VEGF was increased in the sera of the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 34, p < 0.05). Furthermore, increased VEGF expression was also measured in colorectal cancer cells, HCT-15, culturing under mimicking hypoxic condition. It suggested that hypoxia induced VEGF production from cancer cells. VEGF production was significantly reduced from HCT-15 cells after exposure to HIF-1α inhibitor KC7F2, suggesting that HIF-1α regulated VEGF production. Moreover, we observed that the HO-1inhibitor ZnPP inhibited the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF coupled with cell proliferations of HCT-15 cells, suggesting that ZnPP blocked HIF-1α expression, and then inhibited the consequent VEGF production. In the xenograft model, we also observed that the animals exposed to ZnPP displayed much smaller tumor nodules and less degree of angiogenesis with decreased expression of the angiogenesis marker, αvβ3 integrin, compared to that in normal control. Conclusions This study demonstrated that VEGF level in serum was elevated in the patients with CRC. The HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP, possessed the properties of anti-tumor agent by decreasing HIF-1α levels, blocking VEGF production, impairing tumor angiogenesis, and inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jhih Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yueh Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Nursing Department, Kang-Ning University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Kamran MZ, Ranjan A, Kaur N, Sur S, Tandon V. Radioprotective Agents: Strategies and Translational Advances. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:461-93. [PMID: 26807693 DOI: 10.1002/med.21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Radioprotectors are agents required to protect biological system exposed to radiation, either naturally or through radiation leakage, and they protect normal cells from radiation injury in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. It is imperative to study radioprotectors and their mechanism of action comprehensively, looking at their potential therapeutic applications. This review intimately chronicles the rich intellectual, pharmacological story of natural and synthetic radioprotectors. A continuous effort is going on by researchers to develop clinically promising radioprotective agents. In this article, for the first time we have discussed the impact of radioprotectors on different signaling pathways in cells, which will create a basis for scientific community working in this area to develop novel molecules with better therapeutic efficacy. The bright future of exceptionally noncytotoxic derivatives of bisbenzimidazoles is also described as radiomodulators. Amifostine, an effective radioprotectant, has been approved by the FDA for limited clinical use. However, due to its adverse side effects, it is not routinely used clinically. Recently, CBLB502 and several analog of a peptide are under clinical trial and showed high success against radiotherapy in cancer. This article reviews the different types of radioprotective agents with emphasis on the strategies for the development of novel radioprotectors for drug development. In addition, direction for future strategies relevant to the development of radioprotectors is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahid Kamran
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Atul Ranjan
- Kansas University of Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Navrinder Kaur
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Souvik Sur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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30
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Zhu HC, Qiu T, Dan C, Liu XH, Hu CH. Blockage of RelB expression by gene silencing enhances the radiosensitivity of androgen‑independent prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1167-73. [PMID: 25370388 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of the nuclear factor‑kappa B (NF‑κB) alternative pathway member RelB have been shown to correlate with the effect of radiation therapy in prostate cancer. RelB expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer specimens. RM‑1 cells were pretreated with RelB siRNA prior to radiation therapy, and RelB expression in cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts was detected by real‑time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The apoptotic rates of experimental RM‑1 cell groups were assessed by flow cytometry. A clonogenic growth array was used to evaluate the radiosensitivity of RM‑1 cell groups. The NF‑κB family member RelB was expressed at a high level in prostate cancer specimens. Compared with irradiated control cells, RM‑1 cells transfected with RelB siRNA and treated with radiation therapy demonstrated a significant downregulation of RelB expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Notably, flow cytometry revealed that pretreatment of RM‑1 cells with RelB siRNA enhanced the apoptotic rate in response to radiation therapy compared with controls. Clonogenic growth assay results revealed enhanced radiosensitivity of RelB siRNA cells at various dosage points compared with control groups. Blockage of the alternative NF‑κB pathway via RelB silencing is a promising approach to enhance the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chao Dan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Heng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hai Hu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Radiobiologie des doses ablatives en radiothérapie stéréotaxique : mise au point des données récentes. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kelada OJ, Carlson DJ. Molecular imaging of tumor hypoxia with positron emission tomography. Radiat Res 2014; 181:335-49. [PMID: 24673257 DOI: 10.1667/rr13590.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The problem of tumor hypoxia has been recognized and studied by the oncology community for over 60 years. From radiation and chemotherapy resistance to the increased risk of metastasis, low oxygen concentrations in tumors have caused patients with many types of tumors to respond poorly to conventional cancer therapies. It is clear that patients with high levels of tumor hypoxia have a poorer overall treatment response and that the magnitude of hypoxia is an important prognostic factor. As a result, the development of methods to measure tumor hypoxia using invasive and noninvasive techniques has become desirable to the clinical oncology community. A variety of imaging modalities have been established to visualize hypoxia in vivo. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, in particular, has played a key role for imaging tumor hypoxia because of the development of hypoxia-specific radiolabelled agents. Consequently, this technique is increasingly used in the clinic for a wide variety of cancer types. Following a broad overview of the complexity of tumor hypoxia and measurement techniques to date, this article will focus specifically on the accuracy and reproducibility of PET imaging to quantify tumor hypoxia. Despite numerous advances in the field of PET imaging for hypoxia, we continue to search for the ideal hypoxia tracer to both qualitatively and quantitatively define the tumor hypoxic volume in a clinical setting to optimize treatments and predict response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Kelada
- a Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Kim EY, Liu Y, Akintujoye OM, Shyam K, Grove TA, Sartorelli AC, Rockwell S. Preliminary studies with a new hypoxia-selective cytotoxin, KS119W, in vitro and in vivo. Radiat Res 2012; 178:126-37. [PMID: 22862779 DOI: 10.1667/rr2934.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Agents with selective toxicity to hypoxic cells have shown promise as adjuncts to radiotherapy. Our previous studies showed that the bioreductive alkylating agent KS119 had an extremely large differential toxicity to severely hypoxic and aerobic cells in cell culture, and was effective in killing the hypoxic cells of EMT6 mouse mammary tumors in vivo. However, the limited solubility of that compound precluded its development as an anticancer drug. Here we report our initial studies with KS119W, a water-soluble analog of KS119. The cytotoxicity of KS119W to EMT6 cells in vitro was similar to that of KS119, with both agents producing only minimal cytotoxicity to aerobic cells even after intensive treatments, while producing pronounced cytotoxicity to oxygen-deficient cells. This resulted in large differentials in the toxicities to hypoxic and aerobic cells (>1,000-fold at 10 μM). Low pH had only minimal effects on the cytotoxicity of KS119W. Under hypoxic conditions, EMT6 cells transfected to express high levels of either human or mouse versions of the repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase, which is also known as O(6)-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase, were much more resistant to KS119W than parental EMT6 cells lacking O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase, confirming the importance of DNA O-6-alkylation to the cytotoxicity of this agent. Studies with EMT6 tumors in BALB/c Rw mice using both tumor cell survival and tumor growth delay assays showed that KS119W was effective as an adjunct to irradiation for the treatment of solid tumors in vivo, producing additive or supra-additive effects in most combination regimens for which the interactions could be evaluated. Our findings encourage additional preclinical studies to examine further the antineoplastic effects of KS119W alone and in combination with radiation, and to examine the pharmacology and toxicology of this new bioreductive alkylating agent so that its potential for clinical use as an adjuvant to radiotherapy can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Kim
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8040, USA
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