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Younes T, Chatrie F, Zinutti M, Simon L, Fares G, Vieillevigne L. Optimization of the Eclipse TPS beam configuration parameters for small field dosimetry using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements. Phys Med 2023; 114:103141. [PMID: 37820506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of tuning the beam configurations parameters on the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm for small fields using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements. METHODS The TrueBeam STx with the high-definition 120 multi-leaf collimator (HD120-MLC) was modeled with Geant4 application for emission tomography (GATE) Monte Carlo platform and validated against measurements. The impact of varying the effective spot size (ESS) and dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) on AAA and AXB calculations was carried out for small MLC-fields ranging from 0.5×0.5 cm2 to 3 × 3 cm2. Beam penumbras, field sizes and output factors calculated by AAA and AXB were compared to GATE calculations and measurements. RESULTS The beam penumbra comparisons showed that the best ESS value for AXB was about 1.0 mm in the crossplane direction and 0.5 mm in the inplane direction. By optimizing the ESS values, AXB could provide output factor results almost within 2% of GATE calculations and measurements for fields down to 0.5×0.5 cm2. For AAA, significant output factor differences were observed for all ESS values and tuning the DLG in addition to the ESS optimization resulted in an absorbed dose difference of less than 2.5% for MLC-fields down to 1 × 1 cm2. CONCLUSION By optimizing the ESS values, AXB can achieve accurate output factors in the case of small MLC-fields without the need of DLG tuning. Nevertheless, compromises between the output factor, DLG and ESS values were found necessary for AAA calculations. A MLC model improvement would allow to avoid the complexity related to tuning the configuration parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Younes
- Department of Medical Physics, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Centre de Recherche et de Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM - Université Toulouse 3 - ERL5294 CNRS, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France; Laboratoire de "Mathématiques et Applications", Unité de recherche "Mathématiques et Modélisation", Centre d'analyses et de recherche, Faculté des sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Frédéric Chatrie
- Centre de Recherche et de Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM - Université Toulouse 3 - ERL5294 CNRS, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Marianne Zinutti
- Department of Medical Physics, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Luc Simon
- Department of Medical Physics, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Centre de Recherche et de Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM - Université Toulouse 3 - ERL5294 CNRS, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Georges Fares
- Laboratoire de "Mathématiques et Applications", Unité de recherche "Mathématiques et Modélisation", Centre d'analyses et de recherche, Faculté des sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Laure Vieillevigne
- Department of Medical Physics, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Centre de Recherche et de Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM - Université Toulouse 3 - ERL5294 CNRS, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
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Leste J, Younes T, Chauvin M, Franceries X, Delbaere A, Vieillevigne L, Ferrand R, Bardies M, Simon L. Technical note: GAMMORA, a free, open-source, and validated GATE-based model for Monte-Carlo simulations of the Varian TrueBeam. Phys Med 2021; 89:211-218. [PMID: 34416389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Monte Carlo (MC) is the reference computation method for medical physics. In radiotherapy, MC computations are necessary for some issues (such as assessing figures of merit, double checks, and dose conversions). A tool based on GATE is proposed to easily create full MC simulations of the Varian TrueBeam STx. METHODS GAMMORA is a package that contains photon phase spaces as a pre-trained generative adversarial network (GAN) and the TrueBeam's full geometry. It allows users to easily create MC simulations for simple or complex radiotherapy plans such as VMAT. To validate the model, the characteristics of generated photons are first compared to those provided by Varian (IAEA format). Simulated data are also compared to measurements in water and heterogeneous media. Simulations of 8 SBRT plans are compared to measurements (in a phantom). Two examples of applications (a second check and interplay effect assessment) are presented. RESULTS The simulated photons generated by the GAN have the same characteristics (energy, position, and direction) as the IAEA data. Computed dose distributions of simple cases (in water) and complex plans delivered in a phantom are compared to measurements, and the Gamma index (3%/3mm) was always superior to 98%. The feasibility of both clinical applications is shown. CONCLUSIONS This model is now shared as a free and open-source tool that generates radiotherapy MC simulations. It has been validated and used for five years. Several applications can be envisaged for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Leste
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Tony Younes
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Chauvin
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Franceries
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Delbaere
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Vieillevigne
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Departement Ingenierie Physique Medicale, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manuel Bardies
- Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier, U1194 INSERM/ICM/Montpellier University, and Cancer Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Simon
- Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Universite de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Departement Ingenierie Physique Medicale, Toulouse, France.
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Leste J, Medjahed I, Chauvin M, Younes T, Vieillevigne L, Ferrand R, Franceries X, Bardies M, Simon L. A study of the interplay effect in radiation therapy using a Monte-Carlo model. Phys Med 2021; 87:73-82. [PMID: 34120071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In modulated radiotherapy, breathing motion can lead to Interplay (IE) and Blurring (BE) effects that can modify the delivered dose. The aim of this work is to present the implementation, the validation and the use of an open-source Monte-Carlo (MC) model that computes the delivered dose including these motion effects. METHODS The MC model of the Varian TrueBeam was implemented using GATE. The dose delivered by different modulated plans is computed for several breathing patterns. A validation of these MC predictions is achieved by a comparison with measurements performed using a dedicated programmable motion platform, carrying a quality assurance phantom. A specific methodology was used to separate the IE and the BE. The influence of different motion parameters (period, amplitude, shape) and plan parameters (volume margin, dose per fraction) was also analyzed. RESULTS The MC model was validated against measurement performed with motion with a mean 3D global gamma index pass rate of 97.5% (3%/3 mm). A significant correlation is found between the IE and the period and the antero-posterior amplitude of the motion but not between the IE and the CTV margin or the shape of motion. The results showed that the IE increases D2% and decreases the D98% of CTV with mean values of +6.9% and -3.3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS We validated the feasibility to assess the IE using a MC model. We found that the most important parameter is the number of breathing cycles that must be greater than 20 for one arc to limit the IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Leste
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Imene Medjahed
- Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Département Oncologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Chauvin
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Tony Younes
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Vieillevigne
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Département Oncologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Regis Ferrand
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Département Oncologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Franceries
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Bardies
- Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier, U1194 INSERM/ICM/Montpellier University, and Cancer Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Simon
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSERM, Toulouse, France; Institut Claudius Regaud (ICR), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), Département Oncologie Médicale, Toulouse, France.
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Abolaban FA, Taha EM. Representation and illustration of the initial parameters in GATE 8.1 monte carlo simulation of an Elekta Versa-HD linear accelerator. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1820271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A. Abolaban
- King Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Nuclear Engineering Department, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M. Taha
- King Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Nuclear Engineering Department, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Study of efficiency in five-field and field-by-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan using DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo code. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:428-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yani S, Rizkia I, Kamirul, Rhani MF, Haekal M, Haryanto F. EGSnrc application for IMRT planning. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:217-226. [PMID: 32194347 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe a detailed instruction of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning simulation using BEAMnrc-DOSXYZnrc code system (EGSnrc package) and present a new graphical user interface based on MATLAB code (The MathWorks) to combine more than one. 3ddose file which were obtained from the IMRT plan. This study was performed in four phases: the commissioning of Varian Clinac iX6 MV, the simulation of IMRT planning in EGSnrc, the creation of in-house VDOSE GUI, and the analysis of the isodose contour and dose volume histogram (DVH) curve from several beam angles. The plan paramaters in sequence and control point files were extracted from the planning data in Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore (multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf positions - bank A and bank B, gantry angles, coordinate of isocenters, and MU indexes). VDOSE GUI which was created in this study can display the distribution dose curve in each slice and beam angle. Dose distributions from various MLC settings and beam angles yield different dose distributions even though they used the same number of simulated particles. This was due to the differences in the MLC leaf openings in every field. The value of the relative dose error between the two dose ditributions for "body" was 51.23 %. The Monte Carlo (MC) data was normalized with the maximum dose but the analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) data was normalized by the dose in the isocenter. In this study, we have presented a Monte Carlo simulation framework for IMRT dose calculation using DOSXYZnrc source 21. Further studies are needed in conducting IMRT simulations using EGSnrc to minimize the different dose error and dose volume histogram deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitti Yani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jalan Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Coblong, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ilmi Rizkia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Coblong, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Kamirul
- Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, Jl. Goa Jepang, Sumberker, Samofa, Kabupaten Biak Numfor, Papua 98118, Indonesia
| | | | - Mohammad Haekal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Coblong, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Freddy Haryanto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Coblong, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
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Benhalouche S, Bert J, Boussion N, Autret A, Pradier O, Visvikis D. GATE Monte-Carlo Simulation of an MV-CBCT Flat Panel for Synergistic Imaging and Dosimetric Applications in Radiotherapy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2017.2718545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Didi S, Moussa A, Yahya T, Mustafa Z. Simulation of the 6 MV Elekta Synergy Platform linac photon beam using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission. J Med Phys 2015; 40:136-43. [PMID: 26500399 PMCID: PMC4594382 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.165077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work validates the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission Monte Carlo software for the simulation of a 6 MV photon beam given by Elekta Synergy Platform medical linear accelerator treatment head. The simulation includes the major components of the linear accelerator (LINAC) with multi-leaf collimator and a homogeneous water phantom. Calculations were performed for the photon beam with several treatment field sizes ranging from 5 cm × 5 cm to 30 cm × 30 cm at 100 cm distance from the source. The simulation was successfully validated by comparison with experimental distributions. Good agreement between simulations and measurements was observed, with dose differences of about 0.02% and 2.5% for depth doses and lateral dose profiles, respectively. This agreement was also emphasized by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test and by the gamma-index comparisons where more than 99% of the points for all simulations fulfill the quality assurance criteria of 2 mm/2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Didi
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco ; Department of Physics, Regional Hassan II Oncology Center, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Moussa
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco ; Department of Physics, National School of Applied sciences of Al-Hoceima, Morocco
| | - Tayalati Yahya
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Zerfaoui Mustafa
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco ; Department of Physics, Regional Hassan II Oncology Center, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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