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Angelou C, Patallo IS, Doherty D, Romano F, Schettino G. A review of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 39221583 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article synthesizes key findings from studies on the use of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques, showcasing their applications, challenges, and contributions to enhancing dosimetric accuracy. The article explores various dosimeters, highlighting synthetic diamond dosimeters as potential candidates especially due to their high spatial resolution and negligible ion recombination effect. The clinically validated commercial dosimeter, PTW microDiamond (mD), faces limitations in small fields, proton and hadron therapy and ultra-high dose per pulse (UHDPP) conditions. Variability in reported values for field sizes < $<$ 2 × $\times$ 2cm 2 ${\rm cm}^2$ is noted, reflecting the competition between volume averaging and density perturbation effects. PTW's introduction of flashDiamond (fD) holds promise for dosimetric measurements in UHDPP conditions and is reliable for commissioning ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron beam systems, pending the clinical validation of the device. Other advancements in diamond detectors, such as in 3D configurations and real-time dose per pulse x-ray detectors, are considered valuable in overcoming challenges posed by modern radiotherapy techniques, alongside relative dosimetry and pre-treatment verifications. The studies discussed collectively provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of diamond dosimetry in the field of radiotherapy, and offer insights into future directions for research and development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Angelou
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Radiotherapy and Radiation Dosimetry, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK
| | | | - Daniel Doherty
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Francesco Romano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Radiotherapy and Radiation Dosimetry, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK
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Tessonnier T, Verona-Rinati G, Rank L, Kranzer R, Mairani A, Marinelli M. Diamond detectors for dose and instantaneous dose-rate measurements for ultra-high dose-rate scanned helium ion beams. Med Phys 2024; 51:1450-1459. [PMID: 37742343 PMCID: PMC10922163 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible emergence of the FLASH effect-the sparing of normal tissue while maintaining tumor control-after irradiations at dose-rates exceeding several tens of Gy per second, has recently spurred a surge of studies attempting to characterize and rationalize the phenomenon. Investigating and reporting the dose and instantaneous dose-rate of ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) particle radiotherapy beams is crucial for understanding and assessing the FLASH effect, towards pre-clinical application and quality assurance programs. PURPOSE The purpose of the present work is to investigate a novel diamond-based detector system for dose and instantaneous dose-rate measurements in UHDR particle beams. METHODS Two types of diamond detectors, a microDiamond (PTW 60019) and a diamond detector prototype specifically designed for operation in UHDR beams (flashDiamond), and two different readout electronic chains, were investigated for absorbed dose and instantaneous dose-rate measurements. The detectors were irradiated with a helium beam of 145.7 MeV/u under conventional and UHDR delivery. Dose-rate delivery records by the monitoring ionization chamber and diamond detectors were studied for single spot irradiations. Dose linearity at 5 cm depth and in-depth dose response from 2 to 16 cm were investigated for both measurement chains and both detectors in a water tank. Measurements with cylindrical and plane-parallel ionization chambers as well as Monte-Carlo simulations were performed for comparisons. RESULTS Diamond detectors allowed for recording the temporal structure of the beam, in good agreement with the one obtained by the monitoring ionization chamber. A better time resolution of the order of few μs was observed as compared to the approximately 50 μs of the monitoring ionization chamber. Both diamonds detectors show an excellent linearity response in both delivery modalities. Dose values derived by integrating the measured instantaneous dose-rates are in very good agreement with the ones obtained by the standard electrometer readings. Bragg peak curves confirmed the consistency of the charge measurements by the two systems. CONCLUSIONS The proposed novel dosimetric system allows for a detailed investigation of the temporal evolution of UHDR beams. As a result, reliable and accurate determinations of dose and instantaneous dose-rate are possible, both required for a comprehensive characterization of UHDR beams and relevant for FLASH effect assessment in clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tessonnier
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Luisa Rank
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rafael Kranzer
- PTW-Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- University Clinic for Medical Radiation Physics, Medical Campus Pius Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Physics department, National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Marinelli
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Verona C, Barna S, Georg D, Hamad Y, Magrin G, Marinelli M, Meouchi C, Verona Rinati G. Diamond based integrated detection system for dosimetric and microdosimetric characterization of radiotherapy ion beams. Med Phys 2024; 51:533-544. [PMID: 37656015 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion beam therapy allows for a substantial sparing of normal tissues and higher biological efficacy. Synthetic single crystal diamond is a very good material to produce high-spatial-resolution and highly radiation hard detectors for both dosimetry and microdosimetry in ion beam therapy. PURPOSE The aim of this work is the design, fabrication and test of an integrated waterproof detector based on synthetic single crystal diamond able to simultaneously perform dosimetric and microdosimetric characterization of clinical ion beams. METHODS The active elements of the integrated diamond device, that is, dosimeter and microdosimeter, were both realized in a Schottky diode configuration featured by different area, thickness, and shape by means of photolithography technologies for the selective growth of intrinsic and boron-doped CVD diamond. The cross-section of the sensitive volume of the dosimetric element is 4 mm2 and 1 μm-thick, while the microdosimetric one has an active cross-sectional area of 100 × 100 μm2 and a thickness of about 6.2 μm. The dosimetric and microdosimetric performance of the developed device was assessed at different depths in a water phantom at the MedAustron ion beam therapy facility using a monoenergetic uniformly scanned carbon ion beam of 284.7 MeV/u and proton beam of 148.7 MeV. The particle flux in the region of the microdosimeter was 6·107 cm2 /s for both irradiation fields. At each depth, dose and dose distributions in lineal energy were measured simultaneously and the dose mean lineal energy values were then calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were also carried out by using the GATE-Geant4 code to evaluate the relative dose, dose averaged linear energy transfer (LETd ), and microdosimetric spectra at various depths in water for the radiation fields used, by considering the contribution from the secondary particles generated in the ion interaction processes as well. RESULTS Dosimetric and microdosimetric quantities were measured by the developed prototype with relatively low noise (∼2 keV/μm). A good agreement between the measured and simulated dose profiles was found, with discrepancies in the peak to plateau ratio of about 3% and 4% for proton and carbon ion beams respectively, showing a negligible LET dependence of the dosimetric element of the device. The microdosimetric spectra were validated with Monte Carlo simulations and a good agreement between the spectra shapes and positions was found. Dose mean lineal energy values were found to be in close agreement with those reported in the literature for clinical ion beams, showing a sharp increase along the Bragg curve, being also consistent with the calculated LETd for all depths within the experimental error of 10%. CONCLUSIONS The experimental indicate that the proposed device can allow enhanced dosimetry in particle therapy centers, where the absorbed dose measurement is implemented by the microdosimetric characterization of the radiation field, thus providing complementary results. In addition, the proposed device allows for the reduction of the experimental uncertainties associated with detector positioning and could facilitate the partial overcoming of some drawbacks related to the low sensitivity of diamond microdosimeters to low LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Sez. INFN-Roma2, Roma, Italia, Italy
| | - Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Yasmin Hamad
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Giulio Magrin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Marco Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Sez. INFN-Roma2, Roma, Italia, Italy
| | - Cynthia Meouchi
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gianluca Verona Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Sez. INFN-Roma2, Roma, Italia, Italy
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Togno M, Nesteruk KP, Schäfer R, Psoroulas S, Meer D, Grossmann M, Christensen JB, Yukihara EG, Lomax AJ, Weber DC, Safai S. Ultra-high dose rate dosimetry for pre-clinical experiments with mm-small proton fields. Phys Med 2022; 104:101-111. [PMID: 36395638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize an experimental setup for ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) proton irradiations, and to address the challenges of dosimetry in millimetre-small pencil proton beams. METHODS At the PSI Gantry 1, high-energy transmission pencil beams can be delivered to biological samples and detectors up to a maximum local dose rate of ∼9000 Gy/s. In the presented setup, a Faraday cup is used to measure the delivered number of protons up to ultra-high dose rates. The response of transmission ion-chambers, as well as of different field detectors, was characterized over a wide range of dose rates using the Faraday cup as reference. RESULTS The reproducibility of the delivered proton charge was better than 1 % in the proposed experimental setup. EBT3 films, Al2O3:C optically stimulated luminescence detectors and a PTW microDiamond were used to validate the predicted dose. Transmission ionization chambers showed significant volume ion-recombination (>30 % in the tested conditions) which can be parametrized as a function of the maximum proton current density. Over the considered range, EBT3 films, inorganic scintillator-based screens and the PTW microDiamond were demonstrated to be dose rate independent within ±3 %, ±1.8 % and ±1 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Faraday cups are versatile dosimetry instruments that can be used for dose estimation, field detector characterization and on-line dose verification for pre-clinical experiments in UHDR proton pencil beams. Among the tested detectors, the commercial PTW microDiamond was found to be a suitable option to measure real time the dosimetric properties of narrow pencil proton beams for dose rates up to 2.2 kGy/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Togno
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - K P Nesteruk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - R Schäfer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Psoroulas
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D Meer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Grossmann
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J B Christensen
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - E G Yukihara
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A J Lomax
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D C Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Safai
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Kranzer R, Schüller A, Bourgouin A, Hackel T, Poppinga D, Lapp M, Looe HK, Poppe B. Response of diamond detectors in ultra-high dose-per-pulse electron beams for dosimetry at FLASH radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. With increasing investigation of the so-called FLASH effect, the need for accurate real time dosimetry for ultra-high dose rates is also growing. Considering the ultra-high dose-per-pulse (DPP) necessary to produce the ultra-high dose rates for investigations of the FLASH effect, real time dosimetry is a major challenge. In particular, vented ionization chambers, as used for dosimetry in conventional radiotherapy, show significant deviations from linearity with increasing DPP. This is due to recombination losses in the sensitive air volume. Solid state detectors could be an alternative. Due to their good stability of the response with regard to the accumulated dose, diamond detectors such as the microDiamond could be suitable here. The aims of this work are to investigate the response of microDiamond and adapted microDiamond prototypes in ultra-high DPP electron beams, to understand the underlying effects and to draw conclusions for further detector developments. Approach. For the study, an electron beam with a DPP up to 6.5 Gy and a pulse duration of 2.5 μs was used to fulfill the conditions under which the FLASH effect was observed. As a dose rate-independent reference, alanine dosimeters were used. Main Results. It has been shown that the commercially available microDiamond detectors have limitations in terms of linearity at ultra-high DPP. But this is not an intrinsic limitation of the detector principle. The deviations from linearity were correlated with the series resistance and the sensitivity. It could be shown that the linear range can be extended towards ultra-high DPP range by reducing the sensitivity in combination with a low series resistance of the detectors. Significance. The work shows that synthetic single crystal diamond detectors working as Schottky photodiodes are in principle suitable for FLASH-RT dosimetry at electron linear accelerators.
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Schüller A, Heinrich S, Fouillade C, Subiel A, De Marzi L, Romano F, Peier P, Trachsel M, Fleta C, Kranzer R, Caresana M, Salvador S, Busold S, Schönfeld A, McEwen M, Gomez F, Solc J, Bailat C, Linhart V, Jakubek J, Pawelke J, Borghesi M, Kapsch RP, Knyziak A, Boso A, Olsovcova V, Kottler C, Poppinga D, Ambrozova I, Schmitzer CS, Rossomme S, Vozenin MC. The European Joint Research Project UHDpulse – Metrology for advanced radiotherapy using particle beams with ultra-high pulse dose rates. Phys Med 2020; 80:134-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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De Angelis C, Ampollini A, Bazzano G, Della Monaca S, Ghio F, Giuliani F, Lucentini M, Montereali RM, Nenzi P, Notaro C, Placido C, Piccinini M, Ronsivalle C, Santavenere F, Soriani A, Spurio A, Strigari L, Surrenti V, Trinca E, Vadrucci M, Cisbani E, Picardi L. THE TOP-IMPLART PROTON LINEAR ACCELERATOR: INTERIM CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 35 MEV BEAM. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:113-118. [PMID: 31141142 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the Italian TOP-IMPLART project (Regione Lazio), ENEA-Frascati, ISS and IFO are developing and constructing the first proton linear accelerator based on an actively scanned beam for tumor radiotherapy with final energy of 150 MeV. An important feature of this accelerator is modularity: an exploitable beam can be delivered at any stage of its construction, which allows for immediate characterization and virtually continuous improvement of its performance. Currently, a sequence of 3 GHz accelerating modules combined with a commercial injector operating at 425 MHz delivers protons up to 35 MeV. Several dosimetry systems were used to obtain preliminary characteristics of the 35-MeV beam in terms of stability and homogeneity. Short-term stability and homogeneity better than 3% and 2.6%, respectively, were demonstrated; for stability an improvement with respect to the respective value obtained for the previous 27 MeV beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Angelis
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ampollini
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - G Bazzano
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Monaca
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ghio
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - F Giuliani
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - M Lucentini
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - R M Montereali
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nenzi
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - C Notaro
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - C Placido
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - M Piccinini
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - C Ronsivalle
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - F Santavenere
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - A Soriani
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy
| | - A Spurio
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - L Strigari
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical Physics, S. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Surrenti
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - E Trinca
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - M Vadrucci
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
| | - E Cisbani
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - L Picardi
- Department of Fusion and Nuclear Security, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati Rome, Italy
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Guardiola C, De Marzi L, Prezado Y. Verification of a Monte Carlo dose calculation engine in proton minibeam radiotherapy in a passive scattering beamline for preclinical trials. Br J Radiol 2019; 93:20190578. [PMID: 31868523 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel therapeutic strategy that combines the benefits of proton therapy with the remarkable normal tissue preservation observed with the use of submillimetric spatially fractionated beams. This promising technique has been implemented at the Institut Curie-Proton therapy centre (ICPO) using a first prototype of a multislit collimator. The purpose of this work was to develop a Monte Carlo-based dose calculation engine to reliably guide preclinical studies at ICPO. METHODS The whole "Y1"-passive beamline at the ICPO, including pMBRT implementation, was modelled using the Monte Carlo GATE v. 7.0 code. A clinically relevant proton energy (100 MeV) was used as starting point. Minibeam generation by means of the brass collimator used in the first experiments was modelled. A virtual source was modelled at the exit of the beamline nozzle and outcomes were compared with dosimetric measurements performed with EBT3 gafchromic films and a diamond detector in water. Dose distributions were recorded in a water phantom and in rat CT images (7-week-old male Fischer rats). RESULTS The dose calculation engine was benchmarked against experimental data and was then used to assess dose distributions in CT images of a rat, resulting from different irradiation configurations used in several experiments. It reduced computational time by an order of magnitude. This allows us to speed up simulations for in vivo trials, where we obtained peak-to-valley dose ratios of 1.20 ± 0.05 and 6.1 ± 0.2 for proton minibeam irradiations targeting the tumour and crossing the rat head. Tumour eradication was observed in the 67 and 22% of the animals treated respectively. CONCLUSION A Monte Carlo dose calculation engine for pMBRT implementation with mechanical collimation has been developed. This tool can be used to guide and interpret the results of in vivo trials. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first Monte Carlo dose engine for pMBRT that is being used to guide preclinical trials in a clinical proton therapy centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Guardiola
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universités Paris 11 and Paris 7, Laboratoire d'Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de protonthérapie d'Orsay, Campus universitaire, bâtiment 101, Orsay 91898, France.,Institut Curie, University Paris Saclay, PSL Research University, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universités Paris 11 and Paris 7, Laboratoire d'Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
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Magrin G, Verona C, Ciocca M, Marinelli M, Mastella E, Stock M, Verona‐Rinati G. Microdosimetric characterization of clinical carbon‐ion beams using synthetic diamond detectors and spectral conversion methods. Med Phys 2019; 47:713-721. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Magrin
- EBG MedAustron Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Claudio Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
| | - Mario Ciocca
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Strada Campeggi 53 Pavia 27100Italy
| | - Marco Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
| | - Edoardo Mastella
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Strada Campeggi 53 Pavia 27100Italy
| | - Marcus Stock
- EBG MedAustron Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Gianluca Verona‐Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
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Delfs B, Kapsch RP, Chofor N, Looe HK, Harder D, Poppe B. A new reference-type ionization chamber with direction-independent response for use in small-field photon-beam dosimetry – An experimental and Monte Carlo study. Z Med Phys 2019; 29:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Comments on the
TRS
‐483 protocol on small field dosimetry. Med Phys 2018; 45:5666-5668. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dosimetric characterization of a single crystal diamond detector in X-ray beams for preclinical research. Z Med Phys 2018; 28:303-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Giordanengo S, Palmans H. Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications. Med Phys 2018; 45:e1051-e1072. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giordanengo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Section of Torino Via Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Hugo Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory Medical Radiation Science Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie‐Curiestraße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
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Giordanengo S, Manganaro L, Vignati A. Review of technologies and procedures of clinical dosimetry for scanned ion beam radiotherapy. Phys Med 2017; 43:79-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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15
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Alamoudi D, Lohstroh A, Albarakaty H. The effect of dose enhancement near metal interfaces on synthetic diamond based X-ray dosimeters. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Rossomme S, Marinelli M, Verona-Rinati G, Romano F, Cirrone PAG, Kacperek A, Vynckier S, Palmans H. Response of synthetic diamond detectors in proton, carbon, and oxygen ion beams. Med Phys 2017; 44:5445-5449. [PMID: 28710866 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this work, the LET-dependence of the response of synthetic diamond detectors is investigated in different particle beams. METHOD Measurements were performed in three nonmodulated particle beams (proton, carbon, and oxygen). The response of five synthetic diamond detectors was compared to the response of a Markus or an Advanced Markus ionization chamber. The synthetic diamond detectors were used with their axis parallel to the beam axis and without any bias voltage. A high bias voltage was applied to the ionization chambers, to minimize ion recombination, for which no correction is applied (+300 V and +400 V were applied to the Markus and Advanced Markus ionization chambers respectively). RESULTS The ratio between the normalized response of the synthetic diamond detectors and the normalized response of the ionization chamber shows an under-response of the synthetic diamond detectors in carbon and oxygen ion beams. No under-response of the synthetic diamond detectors is observed in protons. For each beam, combining results obtained for the five synthetic diamond detectors and considering the uncertainties, a linear fit of the ratio between the normalized response of the synthetic diamond detectors and the normalized response of the ionization chamber is determined. The response of the synthetic diamond detectors can be described as a function of LET as (-6.22E-4 ± 3.17E-3) • LET + (0.99 ± 0.01) in proton beam, (-2.51E-4 ± 1.18E-4) • LET + (1.01 ± 0.01) in carbon ion beam and (-2.77E-4 ± 0.56E-4) • LET + (1.03 ± 0.01) in oxygen ion beam. Combining results obtained in carbon and oxygen ion beams, a LET dependence of about 0.026% (±0.013%) per keV/μm is estimated. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high LET value, a LET dependence of the response of the synthetic diamond detector was observed in the case of carbon and oxygen beams. The effect was found to be negligible in proton beams, due to the low LET value. The under-response of the synthetic diamond detector may result from the recombination of electron/hole in the thin synthetic diamond layer, due to the high LET-values. More investigations are required to confirm this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Rossomme
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Marco Marinelli
- INFN-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, 00173, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verona-Rinati
- INFN-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, 00173, Italy
| | - Francesco Romano
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania, 95125, Sicily, Italy
| | | | - Andrzej Kacperek
- National Eye Proton Therapy Centre, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Stefaan Vynckier
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Hugo Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory, Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Division, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.,EBG MedAustron GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria
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Moignier C, Tromson D, de Marzi L, Marsolat F, García Hernández JC, Agelou M, Pomorski M, Woo R, Bourbotte JM, Moignau F, Lazaro D, Mazal A. Development of a synthetic single crystal diamond dosimeter for dose measurement of clinical proton beams. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5417-5439. [PMID: 28604370 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa70cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this work was to develop a synthetic single crystal diamond dosimeter (SCDD-Pro) for accurate relative dose measurements of clinical proton beams in water. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out based on the MCNPX code in order to investigate and reduce the dose curve perturbation caused by the SCDD-Pro. In particular, various diamond thicknesses were simulated to evaluate the influence of the active volume thickness (e AV) as well as the influence of the addition of a front silver resin (250 µm in thickness in front of the diamond crystal) on depth-dose curves. The simulations indicated that the diamond crystal alone, with a small e AV of just 5 µm, already affects the dose at Bragg peak position (Bragg peak dose) by more than 2% with respect to the Bragg peak dose deposited in water. The optimal design that resulted from the Monte Carlo simulations consists of a diamond crystal of 1 mm in width and 150 µm in thickness with the front silver resin, enclosed by a water-equivalent packaging. This design leads to a deviation between the Bragg peak dose from the full detector modeling and the Bragg peak dose deposited in water of less than 1.2%. Based on those optimizations, an SCDD-Pro prototype was built and evaluated in broad passive scattering proton beams. The experimental evaluation led to probed SCDD-Pro repeatability, dose rate dependence and linearity, that were better than 0.2%, 0.4% (in the 1.0-5.5 Gy min-1 range) and 0.4% (for dose higher than 0.05 Gy), respectively. The depth-dose curves in the 90-160 MeV energy range, measured with the SCDD-Pro without applying any correction, were in good agreement with those measured using a commercial IBA PPC05 plane-parallel ionization chamber, differing by less than 1.6%. The experimental results confirmed that this SCDD-Pro is suitable for measurements with standard electrometers and that the depth-dose curve perturbation is negligible, with no energy dependence and no significant dose rate dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Moignier
- CEA, LIST, System Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Institut Curie, Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Orsay, France
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18
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Reggiori G, Stravato A, Pimpinella M, Lobefalo F, De Coste V, Fogliata A, Mancosu P, De Rose F, Palumbo V, Scorsetti M, Tomatis S. Use of PTW-microDiamond for relative dosimetry of unflattened photon beams. Phys Med 2017; 38:45-53. [PMID: 28610696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing interest in SBRT treatments encourages the use of flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the PTW60019 microDiamond detector under 6MV and 10MVFFF beams delivered with the EDGE accelerator (Varian Medical System, Palo Alto, USA). A flattened 6MV beam was also considered for comparison. METHODS Short term stability, dose linearity and dose rate dependence were evaluated. Dose per pulse dependence was investigated in the range 0.2-2.2mGy/pulse. MicroDiamond profiles and output factors (OFs) were compared to those obtained with other detectors for field sizes ranging from 40×40cm2 to 0.6×0.6cm2. In small fields, volume averaging effects were evaluated and the relevant correction factors were applied for each detector. RESULTS MicroDiamond short term stability, dose linearity and dependence on monitor unit rate were less than 0.8% for all energies. Response variations with dose per pulse were found within 1.8%. MicroDiamond output factors (OF) values differed from those measured with the reference ion-chamber for less than 1% up to 40×40cm2 fields where silicon diodes overestimate the dose of ≈3%. For small fields (<3×3cm2) microDiamond and the unshielded silicon diode were in good agreement. CONCLUSIONS MicroDiamond showed optimal characteristics for relative dosimetry even under high dose rate beams. The effects due to dose per pulse dependence up to 2.2mGy/pulse are negligible. Compared to other detectors, microDiamond provides accurate OF measurements in the whole range of field sizes. For fields <1cm correction factors accounting for fluence perturbation and volume averaging could be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Reggiori
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Antonella Stravato
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Pimpinella
- Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti, ENEA-INMRI C R Casaccia, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Lobefalo
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Coste
- Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti, ENEA-INMRI C R Casaccia, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Fogliata
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Pietro Mancosu
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Fiorenza De Rose
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Palumbo
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomatis
- Physics Service of Radiation Oncology Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
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Saini J, Bowen SR, James SS, Wong T, Bloch C. Evaluation of ceramic marker for the treatment of ocular melanoma with proton therapy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa62cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Strolin S, Minosse S, D'Andrea M, Fracchiolla F, Bruzzaniti V, Luppino S, Benassi M, Strigari L. Zero field PDD and TMR data for unflattened beams in conventional linacs: A tool for independent dose calculations. Phys Med 2016; 32:1621-1627. [PMID: 27876285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the applicability of the formalism described in BJR supplement n.25 for Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beams in determining the zero-field tissue maximum ratio (TMR) for an independent calculation method of Percentage Depth Doses (PDDs) and relative dose factors (RDFs) at different experimental setups. METHODS Experimental PDDs for field size from 40×40cm2 to 2×2cm2 with Source Surface Distance (SSD) 100cm were acquired. The normalized peak scatter factor for each square field was obtained by fitting experimental RDFs in water and collimator factors (CFs) in air. Maximum log-likelihood methods were used to extract fit parameters in competing models and the Bayesian Information Criterion was used to select the best one. In different experimental setups additional RDFs and TPR1020s for field sizes other than reference field were measured and Monte Carlo simulations of PDDs at SSD 80cm were carried out to validate the results. PDD agreements were evaluated by gamma analysis. RESULTS The BJR formalism allowed to predict the PDDs obtained with MC within 2%/2mm at SSD 80cm from 100% down to 50% of the maximum dose. The agreement between experimental TPR1020s and RDFs values at SSD=90cm and BJR calculations were within 1% for field sizes greater than 5×5cm2 while it was within 3% for fields down to 2×2cm2. CONCLUSIONS BJR formalism can be used for FFF beams to predict PDD and RDF at different SSDs and can be used for independent MU calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Strolin
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Minosse
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Andrea
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracchiolla
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Vicente Bruzzaniti
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Luppino
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Benassi
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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Rossomme S, Denis JM, Souris K, Delor A, Bartier F, Dumont D, Vynckier S, Palmans H. LET dependence of the response of a PTW-60019 microDiamond detector in a 62MeV proton beam. Phys Med 2016; 32:1135-8. [PMID: 27567088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated following conclusions from earlier experimental work, performed in a low-energy carbon ion beam, indicating a significant LET dependence of the response of a PTW-60019 microDiamond detector. The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between the response of the same PTW-60019 microDiamond detector and an IBA Roos-type ionization chamber as a function of depth in a 62MeV proton beam. Even though proton beams are considered as low linear energy transfer (LET) beams, the LET value increases slightly in the Bragg peak region. Contrary to the observations made in the carbon ion beam, in the 62MeV proton beam good agreement is found between both detectors in both the plateau and the distal edge region. No significant LET dependent response of the PTW-60019 microDiamond detector is observed consistent with other findings for proton beams in the literature, despite this particular detector exhibiting a substantial LET dependence in a carbon ion beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossomme
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - J M Denis
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Souris
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Delor
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Bartier
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Dumont
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vynckier
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Palmans
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria; National Physical Laboratory, Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Division, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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Marsolat F, De Marzi L, Patriarca A, Nauraye C, Moignier C, Pomorski M, Moignau F, Heinrich S, Tromson D, Mazal A. Dosimetric characteristics of four PTW microDiamond detectors in high-energy proton beams. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:6413-29. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/17/6413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Rossomme S, Hopfgartner J, Vynckier S, Palmans H. Under-response of a PTW-60019 microDiamond detector in the Bragg peak of a 62 MeV/n carbon ion beam. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:4551-63. [PMID: 27224547 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/12/4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of the response of a PTW-60019 Freiburg microDiamond detector, its response was compared to the response of a plane-parallel Markus chamber in a 62 MeV/n mono-energetic carbon ion beam. Results obtained with two different experimental setups are in agreement. As recommended by IAEA TRS-398, the response of the Markus chamber was corrected for temperature, pressure, polarity effects and ion recombination. No correction was applied to the response of the microDiamond detector. The ratio of the response of the Markus chamber to the response of the microDiamond is close to unity in the plateau region. In the Bragg peak region, a significant increase of the ratio is observed, which increases to 1.2 in the distal edge region. Results indicate a correlation between the under-response of the microDiamond detector and high LET values. The combined relative standard uncertainty of the results is estimated to be 2.38% in the plateau region and 12% in the distal edge region. These values are dominated by the uncertainty of alignment in the non-uniform beam and the uncertainty of range determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossomme
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Russo S, Masi L, Francescon P, Frassanito MC, Fumagalli ML, Marinelli M, Falco MD, Martinotti AS, Pimpinella M, Reggiori G, Verona Rinati G, Vigorito S, Mancosu P. Multicenter evaluation of a synthetic single-crystal diamond detector for CyberKnife small field size output factors. Phys Med 2016; 32:575-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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The role of a microDiamond detector in the dosimetry of proton pencil beams. Z Med Phys 2016; 26:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Characterization of a microDiamond detector in high-dose-per-pulse electron beams for intra operative radiation therapy. Phys Med 2015; 31:897-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Brualla-González L, Gómez F, Pombar M, Pardo-Montero J. Dose rate dependence of the PTW 60019 microDiamond detector in high dose-per-pulse pulsed beams. Phys Med Biol 2015; 61:N11-9. [PMID: 26625177 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/1/n11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recombination effects can affect the detectors used for the dosimetry of radiotherapy fields. They are important when using ionization chambers, especially in liquid-filled ionization chambers, and should be corrected for. The introduction of flattening-filter-free accelerators increases the typical dose-per-pulse used in radiotherapy beams, which leads to more important recombination effects. Diamond detectors provide a good solution for the dosimetry and quality assurance of small radiotherapy fields, due to their low energy dependence and small volume. The group of Università di Roma Tor Vergata has developed a synthetic diamond detector, which is commercialized by PTW as microDiamond detector type 60019. In this work we present an experimental characterization of the collection efficiency of the microDiamond detector, focusing on high dose-per-pulse FFF beams. The collection efficiency decreases with dose-per-pulse, down to 0.978 at 2.2 mGy/pulse, following a Fowler-Attix-like curve. On the other hand, we have found no significant dependence of the collection efficiency on the pulse repetition frequency (or pulse period).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Brualla-González
- Servicio de Radiofísica, ERESA, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 València, Spain
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Akino Y, Gautam A, Coutinho L, Würfel J, Das IJ. Characterization of a new commercial single crystal diamond detector for photon- and proton-beam dosimetry. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:912-918. [PMID: 26268483 PMCID: PMC4628217 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic single crystal diamond detector (SCDD) is commercially available and is characterized for radiation dosimetry in various radiation beams in this study. The characteristics of the commercial SCDD model 60019 (PTW) with 6- and 15-MV photon beams, and 208-MeV proton beams, were investigated and compared with the pre-characterized detectors: Semiflex (model 31010) and PinPoint (model 31006) ionization chambers (PTW), the EDGE diode detector (Sun Nuclear Corp) and the SFD Stereotactic Dosimetry Diode Detector (IBA). To evaluate the effects of the pre-irradiation, the diamond detector, which had not been irradiated on the day, was set up in the water tank, and the response to 100 MU was measured every 20 s. The depth-dose and profiles data were collected for various field sizes and depths. For all radiation types and field sizes, the depth-dose data of the diamond chamber showed identical curves to those of the ionization chambers. The profile of the diamond detector was very similar to those of the EDGE and SFD detectors, although the Semiflex and PinPoint chambers showed volume-averaging effects in the penumbrae region. The temperature dependency was within 0.7% in the range of 4-41°C. A dose of 900 cGy and 1200 cGy was needed to stabilize the chamber to the level within 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. The PTW type 60019 SCDD detector showed suitable characteristics for radiation dosimetry, for relative dose, depth-dose and profile measurements for a wide range of field sizes. However, at least 1000 cGy of pre-irradiation will be needed for accurate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Akino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA Present address: Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Archana Gautam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center, Bloomington 47408, USA Present address; Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holocombe Blvd, Houston, Tx 77030, USA
| | - Len Coutinho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center, Bloomington 47408, USA
| | - Jan Würfel
- PTW-Freiburg GmbH, Loerracher Strasse 7, Freiburg 79115, Germany
| | - Indra J Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center, Bloomington 47408, USA
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Mancosu P, Reggiori G, Stravato A, Gaudino A, Lobefalo F, Palumbo V, Navarria P, Ascolese A, Picozzi P, Marinelli M, Verona-Rinati G, Tomatis S, Scorsetti M. Evaluation of a synthetic single-crystal diamond detector for relative dosimetry on the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion radiosurgery system. Med Phys 2015; 42:5035-41. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4927569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Marinelli M, Prestopino G, Verona C, Verona-Rinati G, Ciocca M, Mirandola A, Mairani A, Raffaele L, Magro G. Dosimetric characterization of a microDiamond detector in clinical scanned carbon ion beams. Med Phys 2015; 42:2085-93. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4915544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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31
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Di Venanzio C, Marinelli M, Tonnetti A, Verona-Rinati G, Bagalà P, Falco MD, Guerra AS, Pimpinella M. Comparison between small radiation therapy electron beams collimated by Cerrobend and tubular applicators. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2015; 16:5186. [PMID: 25679175 PMCID: PMC5689975 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v16i1.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric properties of small field electron beams shaped by circular Cerrobend blocks and stainless steel tubular applicators. Percentage depth dose curves, beam profiles, and output factors of small-size circular fields from 2 to 5 cm diameter, obtained either by tubular applicators and Cerrobend blocks, were measured for 6, 10, and 15 MeV electron beam energies. All measurements were performed using a PTW microDiamond 60019 premarket prototype. An overall similar behavior between the two collimating systems can be observed in terms of PDD and beam profiles. However, Cerrobend collimators produce a higher bremsstrahlung background under irradiation with high-energy electrons. In such irradiation condition, larger output factors are observed for tubular applicators. Similar dosimetric properties are observed using circular Cerrobend blocks and stainless steel tubular applicators at lower beam energies. However, Cerrobend collimators allow the delivery of specific beam shapes, conformed to the target area. On the other hand, in high-energy irradiation conditions, tubular applicators produce a lower bremsstrahlung contribution, leading to lower doses outside the target volume. In addition, the higher output factors observed at high energies for tubular applicators lead to reduced treatment times.
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