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Mechtouff L, Sigovan M, Douek P, Costes N, Le Bars D, Mansuy A, Haesebaert J, Bani-Sadr A, Tordo J, Feugier P, Millon A, Luong S, Si-Mohamed S, Collet-Benzaquen D, Canet-Soulas E, Bochaton T, Crola Da Silva C, Paccalet A, Magne D, Berthezene Y, Nighoghossian N. Simultaneous assessment of microcalcifications and morphological criteria of vulnerability in carotid artery plaque using hybrid 18F-NaF PET/MRI. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:1064-1074. [PMID: 33145738 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested the role of microcalcifications in plaque vulnerability. This exploratory study sought to assess the potential of hybrid positron-emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) to check simultaneously 18F-NaF uptake, a marker of microcalcifications, and morphological criteria of vulnerability. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 12 patients with either recently symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. All patients underwent 18F-NaF PET/MRI. 18F-NaF target-to-background ratio (TBR) was measured in culprit and nonculprit (including contralateral plaques of symptomatic patients) plaques as well as in other arterial walls. Morphological criteria of vulnerability were assessed on MRI. Mineral metabolism markers were also collected. 18F-NaF uptake was higher in culprit compared to nonculprit plaques (median TBR 2.6 [2.2-2.8] vs 1.7 [1.3-2.2]; P = 0.03) but was not associated with morphological criteria of vulnerability on MRI. We found a positive correlation between 18F-NaF uptake and calcium plaque volume and ratio but not with circulating tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels. 18F-NaF uptake in the other arterial walls did not differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS 18F-NaF PET/MRI may be a promising tool for providing additional insights into the plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mechtouff
- Stroke Department, Pierre Wertheimer Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, France.
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Monica Sigovan
- CNRS, UMR 5220, CREATIS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSA-Lyon UCBL, Inserm U1206, UJM-Saint Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Douek
- CNRS, UMR 5220, CREATIS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSA-Lyon UCBL, Inserm U1206, UJM-Saint Etienne, Lyon, France
- Department of Radiology, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France
| | | | - Didier Le Bars
- CERMEP - Imagerie du vivant, Lyon, France
- ICBMS, University C. Bernard Lyon 1 & Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Mansuy
- Cellule Recherche Imagerie, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Julie Haesebaert
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Public Health Department Hospices Civils de Lyon & Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Saint-Étienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008 Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alexandre Bani-Sadr
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérémie Tordo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Feugier
- Vascular Surgery Department, Edouard Herriot University Hospital & Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Millon
- Vascular Surgery Department, Edouard Herriot University Hospital & Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Luong
- Department of Radiology, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- Department of Radiology, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Bochaton
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - David Magne
- ICBMS, CNRS, UMR 5246, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Berthezene
- CNRS, UMR 5220, CREATIS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Neuroradiology Department, Pierre Wertheimer Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Norbert Nighoghossian
- Stroke Department, Pierre Wertheimer Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, France
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Attenuation correction has been one of the main methodological challenges in the integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) field. As standard transmission or computed tomography approaches are not available in integrated PET/MRI scanners, MR-based attenuation correction approaches had to be developed. Aspects that have to be considered for implementing accurate methods include the need to account for attenuation in bone tissue, normal and pathological lung and the MR hardware present in the PET field-of-view, to reduce the impact of subject motion, to minimize truncation and susceptibility artifacts, and to address issues related to the data acquisition and processing both on the PET and MRI sides. The standard MR-based attenuation correction techniques implemented by the PET/MRI equipment manufacturers and their impact on clinical and research PET data interpretation and quantification are first discussed. Next, the more advanced methods, including the latest generation deep learning-based approaches that have been proposed for further minimizing the attenuation correction related bias are described. Finally, a future perspective focused on the needed developments in the field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
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Hancin EC, Borja AJ, Nikpanah M, Raynor WY, Haldar D, Werner TJ, Morris MA, Saboury B, Alavi A, Gholamrezanezhad A. PET/MR Imaging in Musculoskeletal Precision Imaging - Third wave after X-Ray and MR. PET Clin 2020; 15:521-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kim K, Pak K, Kim IJ, Kim SJ, Sohn DH, Kim A, Lee SG. Association of Regional Bone Synthetic Activities of Vertebral Corners and Vertebral Bodies Quantified Using 18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography with Bone Mineral Density on Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082656. [PMID: 32824431 PMCID: PMC7465964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the bone-synthetic activities of vertebral bodies or vertebral corners quantified using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the corresponding lumbar vertebrae in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at each vertebra level. We analyzed 48 lumbar vertebrae in 12 AS patients who underwent 18F-fluoride PET and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) of the vertebral body and corners from L1 to L4 were measured using the spatially separated region of interest (ROI). The L1–L4 BMDs were calculated based on the DXA (“conventional BMD”). The BMD of the internal vertebral bodies was measured by manually drawing ROIs to represent the trabecular BMD (“alternative BMD”). After adjusting the within-patient correlation, the 18F-fluoride SUVmean of the vertebral corners but not that of vertebral bodies was significantly related with the conventional BMD of the vertebra. Otherwise, the 18F-fluoride uptake of both the vertebral and vertebral bodies was significantly related with the alternative BMD. The bone-synthetic activities of the vertebral corners may be more closely related with BMD than those of the vertebral bodies, suggesting that the effects of regional bone metabolism at the vertebral corners and bodies on BMD differ in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea; (K.K.); (K.P.); (I.-J.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea; (K.K.); (K.P.); (I.-J.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - In-Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea; (K.K.); (K.P.); (I.-J.K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Aran Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
- Divsion of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
- Divsion of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-240-7580
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Karakatsanis NA, Abgral R, Trivieri MG, Dweck MR, Robson PM, Calcagno C, Boeykens G, Senders ML, Mulder WJM, Tsoumpas C, Fayad ZA. Hybrid PET- and MR-driven attenuation correction for enhanced 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG quantification in cardiovascular PET/MR imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1126-1141. [PMID: 31667675 PMCID: PMC7190435 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard MR Dixon-based attenuation correction (AC) method in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging segments only the air, lung, fat and soft-tissues (4-class), thus neglecting the highly attenuating bone tissues and affecting quantification in bones and adjacent vessels. We sought to address this limitation by utilizing the distinctively high bone uptake rate constant Ki expected from 18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) to segment bones from PET data and support 5-class hybrid PET/MR-driven AC for 18F-NaF and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MR cardiovascular imaging. METHODS We introduce 5-class Ki/MR-AC for (i) 18F-NaF studies where the bones are segmented from Patlak Ki images and added as the 5th tissue class to the MR Dixon 4-class AC map. Furthermore, we propose two alternative dual-tracer protocols to permit 5-class Ki/MR-AC for (ii) 18F-FDG-only data, with a streamlined simultaneous administration of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF at 4:1 ratio (R4:1), or (iii) for 18F-FDG-only or both 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF dual-tracer data, by administering 18F-NaF 90 minutes after an equal 18F-FDG dosage (R1:1). The Ki-driven bone segmentation was validated against computed tomography (CT)-based segmentation in rabbits, followed by PET/MR validation on 108 vertebral bone and carotid wall regions in 16 human volunteers with and without prior indication of carotid atherosclerosis disease (CAD). RESULTS In rabbits, we observed similar (< 1.2% mean difference) vertebral bone 18F-NaF SUVmean scores when applying 5-class AC with Ki-segmented bone (5-class Ki/CT-AC) vs CT-segmented bone (5-class CT-AC) tissue. Considering the PET data corrected with continuous CT-AC maps as gold-standard, the percentage SUVmean bias was reduced by 17.6% (18F-NaF) and 15.4% (R4:1) with 5-class Ki/CT-AC vs 4-class CT-AC. In humans without prior CAD indication, we reported 17.7% and 20% higher 18F-NaF target-to-background ratio (TBR) at carotid bifurcations wall and vertebral bones, respectively, with 5- vs 4-class AC. In the R4:1 human cohort, the mean 18F-FDG:18F-NaF TBR increased by 12.2% at carotid bifurcations wall and 19.9% at vertebral bones. For the R1:1 cohort of subjects without CAD indication, mean TBR increased by 15.3% (18F-FDG) and 15.5% (18F-NaF) at carotid bifurcations and 21.6% (18F-FDG) and 22.5% (18F-NaF) at vertebral bones. Similar TBR enhancements were observed when applying the proposed AC method to human subjects with prior CAD indication. CONCLUSIONS Ki-driven bone segmentation and 5-class hybrid PET/MR-driven AC is feasible and can significantly enhance 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG contrast and quantification in bone tissues and carotid walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Karakatsanis
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 515 E 71st Street, S-120, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Ronan Abgral
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivieri
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- British Heart Foundation, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip M Robson
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gilles Boeykens
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max L Senders
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Lassen ML, Slomka PJ. PET-derived bone information from 18F-sodium fluoride: A perfect match for whole-body PET/MR attenuation correction? J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1142-1144. [PMID: 31897993 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lyngby Lassen
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd. Ste. A047, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd. Ste. A047, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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Hulsen DJW, Geurts J, Arts JJ, Loeffen D, Mitea C, Vöö SA. Hybrid FDG-PET/MR imaging of chronic osteomyelitis: a prospective case series. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2019; 3:7. [PMID: 34191175 PMCID: PMC8218079 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-019-0055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography paired with computed tomography (PET/CT) are two commonly used imaging modalities in the complicated diagnostic workup of osteomyelitis. Diagnosis using these modalities relies on, respectively, anatomical (MRI) and metabolic (PET) signs. With hybrid PET/MRI being recently available, our goal is to qualitatively compare hybrid FDG PET/MRI to FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and operative planning of chronic osteomyelitis. Methods Five patients with suspected chronic osteomyelitis in an extremity underwent an 18F-FDG single-injection/dual-imaging protocol with hybrid PET/CT and hybrid PET/MR. Images and clinical features were evaluated using a standardized assessment method. Standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements were performed on all images. Concordant and discordant findings between PET/MRI and PET/CT were analysed. Results The consensus diagnoses based on PET/MRI and PET/CT images were identical for all five patients. One discrepancy between PET/MRI and PET/CT was found in the assessment of the features in one patient. PET signal intensities and target-to-background ratios were on average highest for PET/MRI. On PET/MRI, the location of infection based on FDG uptake could clearly be correlated with certain soft tissue structures (oedema, fluid collection, or muscle), which is paramount for surgical planning. Conclusions In the presented cases, FDG PET/MRI led to the same diagnosis and provided at least the same diagnostic information as PET/CT. PET/MRI was able to provide additional soft-tissue information for the physician planning treatment. Because of this, we suggest that PET/MRI could be used for osteomyelitis diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jan Willem Hulsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,MICT Department, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Geurts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J Arts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Loeffen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Mitea
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Adrian Vöö
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
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Albisinni S, Aoun F, Marcelis Q, Jungels C, Al-Hajj Obeid W, Zanaty M, Tubaro A, Roumeguere T, De Nunzio C. Innovations in imaging modalities for recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:347-360. [PMID: 29388415 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last decade has witnessed tremendous changes in the management of advanced and metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. In the current systematic review, we analyze novel imaging techniques in the setting of recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), exploring available data and highlighting future exams which could enter clinical practice in the upcoming years. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The National Library of Medicine Database was searched for relevant articles published between January 2012 and August 2017. A wide search was performed including the combination of following words: "Prostate" AND "Cancer" AND ("Metastatic" OR "Recurrent") AND "imaging" AND ("MRI" OR "PET"). The selection procedure followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) principles and is presented using a PRISMA flow chart. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Novel imaging techniques, as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whole-body MRI and Choline and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET imaging techniques are currently revolutioning the treatment planning in patients with advanced and metastatic PCa, allowing a better characterization of the disease. Multiparametric MRI performs well in the detection of local recurrences, with sensitivity rates of 67-98% and overall diagnostic accuracy of 83-93%, depending on the type of magnetic field strength (1.5 vs. 3T). Whole body MRI instead shows a high specificity (>95%) for bone metastases. PET imaging, and in particular PSMA PET/CT, showed promising results in the detection of both local and distant recurrences, even for low PSA values (<0.5 ng/mL). Sensitivity varies from 77-98% depending on PSA value and PSA velocity. CONCLUSIONS Whole body-MRI, NaF PET, Choline-PET/CT and PSMA PET/CT are flourishing techniques which find great application in the field of recurrent and metastatic PCa, in the effort to reduce treatment of "PSA only" and rather focus our therapies on clinical tumor entities. Standardization is urgently needed to allow adequate comparison of results and diffusion on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albisinni
- Urology Department, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium -
| | - Fouad Aoun
- Urology Department, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Urology Department, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Quentin Marcelis
- Urology Department, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Jungels
- Urology Department, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Walid Al-Hajj Obeid
- Urology Department, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Urology Department, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Marc Zanaty
- Urology Department, Hôtel Dieu de France, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Urology Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Thierry Roumeguere
- Urology Department, University Clinics of Brussels, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Urology Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Ohliger MA, Hope TA, Chapman JS, Chen LM, Behr SC, Poder L. PET/MR Imaging in Gynecologic Oncology. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2017; 25:667-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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