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Xie Z, Gaskins CR, Tinnemore AR, Shader MJ, Gordon-Salant S, Anderson S, Goupell MJ. Spectral degradation and carrier sentences increase age-related temporal processing deficits in a cue-specific manner. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:3983-3994. [PMID: 38934563 PMCID: PMC11213620 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with decreased sensitivity to temporal cues in word segments, particularly when target words follow non-informative carrier sentences or are spectrally degraded (e.g., vocoded to simulate cochlear-implant stimulation). This study investigated whether age, carrier sentences, and spectral degradation interacted to cause undue difficulty in processing speech temporal cues. Younger and older adults with normal hearing performed phonemic categorization tasks on two continua: a Buy/Pie contrast with voice onset time changes for the word-initial stop and a Dish/Ditch contrast with silent interval changes preceding the word-final fricative. Target words were presented in isolation or after non-informative carrier sentences, and were unprocessed or degraded via sinewave vocoding (2, 4, and 8 channels). Older listeners exhibited reduced sensitivity to both temporal cues compared to younger listeners. For the Buy/Pie contrast, age, carrier sentence, and spectral degradation interacted such that the largest age effects were seen for unprocessed words in the carrier sentence condition. This pattern differed from the Dish/Ditch contrast, where reducing spectral resolution exaggerated age effects, but introducing carrier sentences largely left the patterns unchanged. These results suggest that certain temporal cues are particularly susceptible to aging when placed in sentences, likely contributing to the difficulties of older cochlear-implant users in everyday environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Xie
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Casey R Gaskins
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Anna R Tinnemore
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Maureen J Shader
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Sandra Gordon-Salant
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Samira Anderson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Matthew J Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Roup CM, Lander D, Powell J, Hoffman J. The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Binaural Processing in Young and Middle-Age Adults. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:4037-4051. [PMID: 37732825 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on self-perceived hearing and suprathreshold binaural processing in young and middle-age adults. METHOD Ninety-three adults with normal hearing (thresholds ≤ 25 dB HL, 250-4000 Hz) participated in one of four groups: 38 young adults, 23 young adults with TBI, 16 middle-age adults, and 16 middle-age adults with TBI. Self-perceived hearing difficulty was measured via questionnaires. Binaural processing was measured using dichotic word recognition, the Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences Test (LiSN-S), and the 500-Hz masking level difference (MLD). For each participant, a composite binaural processing (CBP) score was calculated to obtain a global metric of binaural processing performance. The CBP was composed of six measures from the three behavioral tests, including the S0N0 and SπN0 thresholds from the 500-Hz MLD, the low- and high-cue speech recognition thresholds from the LiSN-S, and the free and directed recall ear advantages from the dichotic word test. RESULTS The middle-age TBI group reported significantly greater degrees of self-perceived hearing difficulty than the other groups. On average, the middle-age TBI group performed poorer on the individual binaural processing tests; however, the differences were significant for the S0N0 and SπN0 MLD thresholds only. Results for the global metric of binaural processing revealed significantly poorer CBP scores for the middle-age TBI group compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that both age and a positive history of TBI contributed to deficits in suprathreshold binaural processing. Middle-age adults with a history of TBI are at risk for experiencing presenescent deficits in suprathreshold binaural processing deficits, despite having clinically normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Roup
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Devan Lander
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Julie Powell
- Debra B. Romas & Associates, Mount Vernon, OH
- OhioHealth, Columbus
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Thompson NJ, Brown KD, Buss E, Rooth MA, Richter ME, Dillon MT. Long-Term Binaural Hearing Improvements for Cochlear Implant Users with Asymmetric Hearing Loss. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:1480-1485. [PMID: 36053850 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess long-term binaural hearing abilities for cochlear implant (CI) users with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) or asymmetric hearing loss (AHL). METHODS A prospective, longitudinal, repeated measures study was completed at a tertiary referral center evaluating adults with UHL or AHL undergoing cochlear implantation. Binaural hearing abilities were assessed with masked speech recognition tasks using AzBio sentences in a 10-talker masker. Performance was evaluated as the ability to benefit from spatial release from masking (SRM). SRM was calculated as the difference in scores when the masker was presented toward the CI-ear (SRMci ) or the contralateral ear (SRMcontra ) relative to the co-located condition (0°). Assessments were completed pre-operatively and at annual intervals out to 5 years post-activation. RESULTS Twenty UHL and 19 AHL participants were included in the study. Linear Mixed Models showed significant main effects of interval and group for SRMcontra . There was a significant interaction between interval and group, with UHL participants reaching asymptotic performance early and AHL participants demonstrating continued growth in binaural abilities to 5 years post-activation. The improvement in SRM showed a significant positive correlation with contralateral unaided hearing thresholds (p = 0.050) as well as age at implantation (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS CI recipients with UHL and AHL showed improved SRM with long-term device use. The time course of improvement varied by cohort, with the UHL cohort reaching asymptotic performance early and the AHL cohort continuing to improve beyond 1 year. Differences between cohorts could be driven by differences in age at implantation as well as contralateral unaided hearing thresholds. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 133:1480-1485, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Kevin D Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Emily Buss
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Meredith A Rooth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Margaret E Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Margaret T Dillon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Chinnaraj G, Jain C, Parameshwara KS, Trinesh R. Effect of Age and Hearing Loss on Auditory Processing Skills. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:229-233. [PMID: 37206841 PMCID: PMC10188807 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of age and hearing loss on auditory processing abilities. For this purpose, auditory processing abilities were compared among young and older adults with normal hearing sensitivity and older adults with and without hearing loss. Method: The study comprised 20 normal-hearing young adults (18-25 years), 20 older adults with normal hearing sensitivity (50-70 years), and 20 older adults with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing impairment (50-70 years). All 60 participants underwent gap detection (GDT), dichotic consonant-vowe (DCV)l, speech in noise (SPIN), duration pattern (DPT), and working memory (forward and backward span) tests in a sound treated test room. Results: Results showed that young normal-hearing adults performed significantly better than normal-hearing older adults in SPIN, GDT, DCV, working memory, and DPT. Futher, normal-hearing older individuals performed better than older individuals with hearing impairment on all the auditory processing tests except on the forward span test and DPT. Conclusion: Auditory processing abilities deteriorate with age and hearing loss also has a pronounced effect on most auditory processing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Chinnaraj
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka India
| | - Chandni Jain
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka India
| | | | - Rakesh Trinesh
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka India
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Xu M, Shao J, Liu B, Wang L, Ding H, Zhang Y. Aging-Related Decline in Phonated and Whispered Speech Perception Not Compensated For by Increased Duration and Intensity: Evidence From Mandarin-Speaking Adult Listeners. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:735-749. [PMID: 36749845 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine how aging and modifications of critical acoustic parameters may affect the perception of whispered speech as a degraded signal. METHOD Forty Mandarin-speaking adults were included in the study. Part 1 of the study compared the perception of Mandarin lexical tones, vowels, and syllables in older and younger adults in whispered versus phonated speech conditions. Parts 2 and 3 further examined how modification of duration and intensity cues contributed to the perceptual outcomes. RESULTS Perception of whispered tones was compromised in older and younger adults. Older adults identified lexical tones less accurately than their younger counterparts, particularly for phonated T2 and T3 and whispered T3. Aging also negatively affected the vowel identification of /i, u/ in the whispered condition. Syllable-level accuracy was largely dependent on the accuracy of lexical tones and vowels. Furthermore, reduced duration led to the decreased accuracy of phonated T3 and whispered T2 and T3 but increased accuracy of phonated T4. Reduced intensity lowered the recognition accuracy for phonated vowels /i, ɤ, o, y/ in older adults and /i, u/ in younger adults, and it also lowered the accuracy of whispered vowels /a, ɤ/ in older adults. Contrary to our expectation, increased duration and intensity did not improve older adults' speech perception in either phonated or whispered conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that aging adversely affected speech perception in both phonated and whispered conditions with more challenges in identifying whispered speech for older adults. While older adults' diminished performance may be potentially due to problems with processing the degraded temporal and spectral information of the target speech sounds, it cannot be simply compensated for by increasing the duration and intensity of the target sounds beyond the audible level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Institute of Corpus Studies and Applications, Shanghai International Studies University, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of English Language and Literature, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Boquan Liu
- School of Humanities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Xu M, Shao J, Ding H, Wang L. The effect of aging on identification of Mandarin consonants in normal and whisper registers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:962242. [PMID: 36033000 PMCID: PMC9413086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.962242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consonant perception in older adults has been widely explored in recent years. However, how aging affects the identification of Mandarin consonants, especially in whispered condition, are under studied. Mandarin consonants and whispering speech have unique features, which may result in different identification difficulties for older adults. The current study investigated older adults' identification of Mandarin consonants in phonated and whispered conditions in comparison with the performance of younger adults. It was found that in phonated condition, older adults showed the lowest accuracy for affricatives and fricatives owing to their insensitivity to high-frequency information. The lower accuracy of affricatives and plosives was largely attributed to the difficulty in recognizing articulatory places. Identifying aspirated plosives was much more difficult than unaspirated counterparts for older adults. In whispered condition, the recognition of voiced consonants and aspirated-unaspirated distinction became challenging, especially for older adults. Contrary to the expectation, some consonants became easier to be recognized in the whispered condition, i.e., /ph, tɕh, x/. These findings enrich our understanding of how aging affects consonant identification in different languages and less ideal conditions. It also suggests that the listener's ability, language uniqueness, and characteristics of distorted speech should be all taken into consideration when investigating speech perception in adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Institute of Corpus Studies and Applications, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of English Language and Literature, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shao
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Sun B, Liu Y. Using Auditory Characteristics to Select Hearing Aid Compression Speeds for Presbycusic Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869338. [PMID: 35847672 PMCID: PMC9285002 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to select the optimal hearing aid compression speeds (fast-acting and slow-acting) for presbycusic patients by using auditory characteristics including temporal modulation and speech-in-noise performance. Methods In total, 24 patients with unilateral or bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss who scored higher than 21 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test participated in this study. The electrocochleogram (ECochG) results, including summating potentials (SP) and action potentials (AP), were recorded. Subjects' temporal modulation thresholds and speech recognition at 4 individualized signal-to-noise ratios were measured under three conditions, namely, unaided, aided with fast-acting compression (FAC), and aided with slow-acting compression (SAC). Results The results of this study showed that modulation discrimination thresholds in the unaided (−8.14 dB) and aided SAC (−8.19 dB) conditions were better than the modulation thresholds in the FAC (−4.67 dB) conditions. The speech recognition threshold (SRT75%) for FAC (5.21 dB) did not differ significantly from SAC (3.39 dB) (p = 0.12). A decision tree analysis showed that the inclusion of the AP, unaided modulation thresholds, and unaided SRT75% may correctly identify the optimal compression speeds (FAC vs. SAC) for individual presbycusic patients with up to 90% accuracy. Conclusion Both modes of compression speeds improved a presbycusic patient's speech recognition ability in noise. The SAC hearing aids may better preserve the modulation thresholds than the FAC hearing aids. The measurement of AP, along with the unaided modulation thresholds and unaided SRT75%, may help guide the selection of optimal compression speeds for individual presbycusic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxuan Sun
- Widex Hearing Aid (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhe Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhe Liu
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Fostick L, Babkoff H. The role of tone duration in dichotic temporal order judgment II: Extending the boundaries of duration and age. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264831. [PMID: 35353821 PMCID: PMC8967006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal order judgment (TOJ) measures the ability to correctly perceive the order of consecutive stimuli presented rapidly. Our previous research suggested that the major predictor of auditory dichotic TOJ threshold, a paradigm that requires the identification of the order of two tones, each of which is presented to a different ear, is the time separating the onset of the first tone from the onset of the second tone (stimulus-onset-asynchrony, SOA). Data supporting this finding, however, was based on a young adult population and a tone duration range of 10–40 msec. The current study aimed to evaluate the generalizability of the earlier finding by manipulating the experimental model in two different ways: a) extending the tone duration range to include shorter stimulus durations (3–8 msec; Experiment 1) and b) repeating the identical testing procedure on a different population with temporal processing deficits, i.e., older adults (Experiment 2). We hypothesized that the SOA would predict the TOJ threshold regardless of tone duration and participant age. Experiment 1 included 226 young adults divided into eight groups (each group receiving a different tone duration) with duration ranging from 3–40 msec. Experiment 2 included 98 participants aged 60–75 years, divided into five groups by tone duration (10–40 msec). The results of both experiments confirmed the hypothesis, that the SOA required for performing dichotic TOJ was constant regardless of stimulus duration, for both age groups: about 66.5 msec for the young adults and 33 msec longer (100 msec) for the older adults. This finding suggests that dichotic TOJ threshold is controlled by a general mechanism that changes quantitatively with age. Clinically, this has significance because quantitative changes can be more easily remedied than qualitative changes. Theoretically, our findings show that, with dichotic TOJ, tone duration affects threshold by providing more time between the onsets of the consecutive stimuli to the two ears. The findings also imply that a temporal processing deficit, at least among older adults, does not elicit the use of a different mechanism in order to judge temporal order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fostick
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Harvey Babkoff
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Patro C, Kreft HA, Wojtczak M. The search for correlates of age-related cochlear synaptopathy: Measures of temporal envelope processing and spatial release from speech-on-speech masking. Hear Res 2021; 409:108333. [PMID: 34425347 PMCID: PMC8424701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Older adults often experience difficulties understanding speech in adverse listening conditions. It has been suggested that for listeners with normal and near-normal audiograms, these difficulties may, at least in part, arise from age-related cochlear synaptopathy. The aim of this study was to assess if performance on auditory tasks relying on temporal envelope processing reveal age-related deficits consistent with those expected from cochlear synaptopathy. Listeners aged 20 to 66 years were tested using a series of psychophysical, electrophysiological, and speech-perception measures using stimulus configurations that promote coding by medium- and low-spontaneous-rate auditory-nerve fibers. Cognitive measures of executive function were obtained to control for age-related cognitive decline. Results from the different tests were not significantly correlated with each other despite a presumed reliance on common mechanisms involved in temporal envelope processing. Only gap-detection thresholds for a tone in noise and spatial release from speech-on-speech masking were significantly correlated with age. Increasing age was related to impaired cognitive executive function. Multivariate regression analyses showed that individual differences in hearing sensitivity, envelope-based measures, and scores from nonauditory cognitive tests did not significantly contribute to the variability in spatial release from speech-on-speech masking for small target/masker spatial separation, while age was a significant contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhayakanta Patro
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N640 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Heather A Kreft
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N640 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Magdalena Wojtczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N640 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ohata K, Kondo M, Ozono Y, Hanada Y, Sato T, Inohara H, Shimada S. Cochlear protection against noise exposure requires serotonin type 3A receptor via the medial olivocochlear system. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21486. [PMID: 33811700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002383r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cochlear efferent feedback system plays important roles in auditory processing, including regulation of the dynamic range of hearing, and provides protection against acoustic trauma. These functions are performed through medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The serotonin type 3A (5-HT3A) receptor is widely expressed throughout the nervous system, which suggests important roles in various neural functions. However, involvement of the 5-HT3A receptor in the MOC system remains unclear. We used mice in this study and found that the 5-HT3A receptor was expressed in MOC neurons that innervated outer hair cells in the cochlea and was involved in the activation of MOC neurons by noise exposure. 5-HT3A receptor knockout impaired MOC functions, potentiated noise-induced hearing loss, and increased loss of ribbon synapses following noise exposure. Furthermore, 5-HT3 receptor agonist treatment alleviated the noise-induced hearing loss and loss of ribbon synapses, which enhanced cochlear protection provided by the MOC system. Our findings demonstrate that the 5-HT3A receptor plays fundamental roles in the MOC system and critically contributes to protection from noise-induced hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ohata
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ozono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hanada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The motivation for this research is to determine whether a listening-while-balancing task would be sensitive to quantifying listening effort in middle age. The premise behind this exploratory work is that a decrease in postural control would be demonstrated in challenging acoustic conditions, more so in middle-aged than in younger adults. DESIGN A dual-task paradigm was employed with speech understanding as one task and postural control as the other. For the speech perception task, participants listened to and repeated back sentences in the presence of other sentences or steady-state noise. Targets and maskers were presented in both spatially-coincident and spatially-separated conditions. The postural control task required participants to stand on a force platform either in normal stance (with feet approximately shoulder-width apart) or in tandem stance (with one foot behind the other). Participants also rated their subjective listening effort at the end of each block of trials. RESULTS Postural control was poorer for both groups of participants when the listening task was completed at a more adverse (vs. less adverse) signal-to-noise ratio. When participants were standing normally, postural control in dual-task conditions was negatively associated with degree of high-frequency hearing loss, with individuals who had higher pure-tone thresholds exhibiting poorer balance. Correlation analyses also indicated that reduced speech recognition ability was associated with poorer postural control in both single- and dual-task conditions. Middle-aged participants exhibited larger dual-task costs when the masker was speech, as compared to when it was noise. Individuals who reported expending greater effort on the listening task exhibited larger dual-task costs when in normal stance. CONCLUSIONS Listening under challenging acoustic conditions can have a negative impact on postural control, more so in middle-aged than in younger adults. One explanation for this finding is that the increased effort required to successfully listen in adverse environments leaves fewer resources for maintaining balance, particularly as people age. These results provide preliminary support for using this type of ecologically-valid dual-task paradigm to quantify the costs associated with understanding speech in adverse acoustic environments.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cochlear implants (CIs) are considered a safe and effective intervention for more severe degrees of hearing loss in adults of all ages. Although older CI users ≥65 years of age can obtain large benefits in speech understanding from a CI, there is a growing body of literature suggesting that older CI users may not perform as well as younger CI users. One reason for this potential age-related limitation could be that default CI stimulation settings are not optimal for older CI users. The goal of this study was to determine whether improvements in speech understanding were possible when CI users were programmed with nondefault stimulation rates and to determine whether lower-than-default stimulation rates improved older CI users' speech understanding. DESIGN Sentence recognition was measured acutely using different stimulation rates in 37 CI users ranging in age from 22 to 87 years. Maps were created using rates of 500, 720, 900, and 1200 pulses per second (pps) for each subject. An additional map using a rate higher than 1200 pps was also created for individuals who used a higher rate in their clinical processors. Thus, the clinical rate of each subject was also tested, including non-default rates above 1200 pps for Cochlear users and higher rates consistent with the manufacturer defaults for subjects implanted with Advanced Bionics and Med-El devices. Speech understanding performance was evaluated at each stimulation rate using AzBio and Perceptually Robust English Sentence Test Open-set (PRESTO) sentence materials tested in quiet and in noise. RESULTS For Cochlear-brand users, speech understanding performance using non-default rates was slightly poorer when compared with the default rate (900 pps). However, this effect was offset somewhat by age, in which older subjects were able to maintain comparable performance using a 500-pps map compared with the default rate map when listening to the more difficult PRESTO sentence material. Advanced Bionics and Med-El users showed modest improvements in their overall performance using 720 pps compared with the default rate (>1200 pps). On the individual-subject level, 10 subjects (11 ears) showed a significant effect of stimulation rate, with 8 of those ears performing best with a lower-than-default rate. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that default stimulation rates are likely sufficient for many CI users, but some CI users at any age can benefit from a lower-than-default rate. Future work that provides experience with novel rates in everyday life has the potential to identify more individuals whose performance could be improved with changes to stimulation rate.
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Murr AT, Canfarotta MW, O'Connell BP, Buss E, King ER, Bucker AL, Dillon SA, Rooth MA, Dedmon MM, Brown KD, Dillon MT. Speech Recognition as a Function of Age and Listening Experience in Adult Cochlear Implant Users. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2106-2111. [PMID: 34043247 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Speech recognition with a cochlear implant (CI) tends to be better for younger adults than older adults. However, older adults may take longer to reach asymptotic performance than younger adults. The present study aimed to characterize speech recognition as a function of age at implantation and listening experience for adult CI users. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS A retrospective review identified 352 adult CI recipients (387 ears) with at least 5 years of device listening experience. Speech recognition, as measured with consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) words in quiet and AzBio sentences in a 10-talker noise masker (10 dB signal-to-noise ratio), was reviewed at 1, 5, and 10 years postactivation. RESULTS Speech recognition was better in younger listeners, and performance was stable or continued to improve through 10 years of CI listening experience. There was no indication of differences in acclimatization as a function of age at implantation. For the better performing CI recipients, an effect of age at implantation was more apparent for sentence recognition in noise than for word recognition in quiet. CONCLUSIONS Adult CI recipients across the age range examined here experience speech recognition benefit with a CI. However, older adults perform more poorly than young adults for speech recognition in quiet and noise, with similar age effects through 5 to 10 years of listening experience. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:2106-2111, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Murr
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Michael W Canfarotta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Brendan P O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Emily Buss
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - English R King
- Department of Audiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Andrea L Bucker
- Department of Audiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Sarah A Dillon
- Department of Audiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Meredith A Rooth
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Matthew M Dedmon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Kevin D Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Margaret T Dillon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
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The Sensitivity of the Electrically Stimulated Auditory Nerve to Amplitude Modulation Cues Declines With Advanced Age. Ear Hear 2021; 42:1358-1372. [PMID: 33795616 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate effects of aging and duration of deafness on sensitivity of the auditory nerve (AN) to amplitude modulation (AM) cues delivered using trains of biphasic pulses in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. DESIGN There were 21 postlingually deaf adult CI users who participated in this study. All study participants used a Cochlear Nucleus device with a full electrode array insertion in the test ear. The stimulus was a 200-ms pulse train with a pulse rate of 2000 pulses per second. This carrier pulse train was sinusodially AM at four modulation rates (20, 40, 100, 200 Hz). The peak amplitude of the modulated pulse train was the maximum comfortable level (i.e., C level) measured for the carrier pulse train. The electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) to each of the 20 pulses selected over the last two AM cycles were measured. In addition, eCAPs to single pulses were measured with the probe levels corresponding to the levels of 20 selected pulses from each AM pulse train. There were seven electrodes across the array evaluated in 16 subjects (i.e., electrodes 3 or 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21). For the remaining five subjects, 4 to 5 electrodes were tested due to impedance issues or time constraints. The modulated response amplitude ratio (MRAR) was calculated as the ratio of the difference in the maximum and the minimum eCAP amplitude measured for the AM pulse train to that measured for the single pulse, and served as the dependent variable. Age at time of testing and duration of deafness measured/defined using three criteria served as the independent variables. Linear Mixed Models were used to assess the effects of age at testing and duration of deafness on the MRAR. RESULTS Age at testing had a strong, negative effect on the MRAR. For each subject, the duration of deafness varied substantially depending on how it was defined/measured, which demonstrates the difficulty of accurately measuring the duration of deafness in adult CI users. There was no clear or reliable trend showing a relationship between the MRAR measured at any AM rate and duration of deafness defined by any criteria. After controlling for the effect of age at testing, MRARs measured at 200 Hz and basal electrode locations (i.e., electrodes 3 and 6) were larger than those measured at any other AM rate and apical electrode locations (i.e., electrodes 18 and 21). CONCLUSIONS The AN sensitivity to AM cues implemented in the pulse-train stimulation significantly declines with advanced age. Accurately measuring duration of deafness in adult CI users is challenging, which, at least partially, might have accounted for the inconclusive findings in the relationship between the duration of deafness and the AN sensitivity to AM cues in this study.
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Jahn KN, DeVries L, Arenberg JG. Recovery from forward masking in cochlear implant listeners: Effects of age and the electrode-neuron interface. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:1633. [PMID: 33765782 PMCID: PMC8267874 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Older adults exhibit deficits in auditory temporal processing relative to younger listeners. These age-related temporal processing difficulties may be further exacerbated in older adults with cochlear implant (CIs) when CI electrodes poorly interface with their target auditory neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential interaction between chronological age and the estimated quality of the electrode-neuron interface (ENI) on psychophysical forward masking recovery, a measure that reflects single-channel temporal processing abilities. Fourteen CI listeners (age 15 to 88 years) with Advanced Bionics devices participated. Forward masking recovery was assessed on two channels in each ear (i.e., the channels with the lowest and highest signal detection thresholds). Results indicated that the rate of forward masking recovery declined with advancing age, and that the effect of age was more pronounced on channels estimated to interface poorly with the auditory nerve. These findings indicate that the quality of the ENI can influence the time course of forward masking recovery for older CI listeners. Channel-to-channel variability in the ENI likely interacts with central temporal processing deficits secondary to auditory aging, warranting further study of programming and rehabilitative approaches tailored to older listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Jahn
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Lindsay DeVries
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Julie G Arenberg
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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16
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Binaural Frequency Modulation Detection in School-Age Children, Young Adults, and Older Adults: Effects of Interaural Modulator Phase. Ear Hear 2020; 42:691-699. [PMID: 33306546 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to measure low-rate binaural frequency modulation (FM) detection across the lifespan as a gauge of temporal fine structure processing. Children and older adults were expected to perform more poorly than young adults but for different reasons. DESIGN Detection of 2-Hz FM carried by a 500-Hz pure tone was measured for modulators that were either in-phase or out-of-phase across ears. Thresholds were measured in quiet and in noise. Participants were school-age children (n = 44), young adults (n = 11), and older adults (n = 17) with normal or near-normal hearing. RESULTS Thresholds were lower for out-of-phase than in-phase modulators among all listening groups. Detection thresholds improved with child age, with larger effects of age for dichotic than diotic FM. Introduction of masking noise tended to elevate thresholds; this effect was larger for the dichotic condition than the diotic condition, and larger for older adults than young adults. In noise, young adults received the greatest dichotic benefit, followed by older adults, then young children. The relative effects of noise on dichotic benefit did not differ for young adults compared to young children and older adults; however, young children saw greater reduction in benefit due to noise than older adults. CONCLUSION The difference in dichotic benefit between children and young adults is consistent with maturation of central auditory processing. Differences in the effect of noise on dichotic benefit in young children and older adults support the idea that different factors or combinations of factors limit performance in these two groups. Although dichotic FM detection appears to be more sensitive to the effects of development and aging than diotic FM detection, the positive correlation between diotic and dichotic FM detection thresholds for all listeners suggests contribution of one or more factors common to both conditions.
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Encoding of a binaural speech stimulus at the brainstem level in middle-aged adults. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2020; 134:1044-1051. [PMID: 33153510 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binaural hearing is facilitated by neural interactions in the auditory pathway. Ageing results in impairment of localisation and listening in noisy situations without any significant hearing loss. The present study focused on comparing the binaural encoding of a speech stimulus at the subcortical level in middle-aged versus younger adults, based on speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses. METHODS Thirty participants (15 young adults and 15 middle-aged adults) with normal hearing sensitivity (less than 15 dB HL) participated in the study. The speech-evoked auditory brainstem response was recorded monaurally and binaurally with a 40-ms /da/ stimulus. Fast Fourier transform analysis was utilised. RESULTS An independent sample t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups in fundamental frequency (F0) amplitude recorded with binaural stimulation. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that ageing results in degradation of F0 encoding, which is essential for the perception of speech in noise.
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18
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Helfer KS, Jesse A. Hearing and speech processing in midlife. Hear Res 2020; 402:108097. [PMID: 33706999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Middle-aged adults often report a decline in their ability to understand speech in adverse listening situations. However, there has been relatively little research devoted to identifying how early aging affects speech processing, as the majority of investigations into senescent changes in speech understanding compare performance in groups of young and older adults. This paper provides an overview of research on hearing and speech perception in middle-aged adults. Topics covered include both objective and subjective (self-perceived) hearing and speech understanding, listening effort, and audiovisual speech perception. This review ends with justification for future research needed to define the nature, consequences, and remediation of hearing problems in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Helfer
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 358 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Alexandra Jesse
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Canfarotta MW, O'Connell BP, Buss E, Pillsbury HC, Brown KD, Dillon MT. Influence of Age at Cochlear Implantation and Frequency-to-Place Mismatch on Early Speech Recognition in Adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 162:926-932. [PMID: 32178574 PMCID: PMC8590812 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820911707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Default frequency filters of cochlear implant (CI) devices assign frequency information irrespective of intracochlear position, resulting in varying degrees of frequency-to-place mismatch. Substantial mismatch negatively influences speech recognition in postlingually deafened CI recipients, and acclimatization may be particularly challenging for older adults due to effects of aging on the auditory pathway. The present report investigated the influence of mismatch and age at implantation on speech recognition within the initial 6 months of CI use. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-eight postlingually deafened adult CI recipients of lateral wall electrode arrays underwent postoperative computed tomography to determine angular insertion depth of each electrode contact. Frequency-to-place mismatch was determined by comparing spiral ganglion place frequencies to default frequency filters. Consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) scores in the CI-alone condition at 1, 3, and 6 months postactivation were compared to the degree of mismatch at 1500 Hz and age at implantation. RESULTS Younger adult CI recipients experienced more rapid growth in speech recognition during the initial 6 months postactivation. Greater degrees of frequency-to-place mismatch were associated with poorer performance, yet older listeners were not particularly susceptible to this effect. CONCLUSIONS While older adults are not necessarily more sensitive to detrimental effects of frequency-to-place mismatch, other factors appear to limit early benefit with a CI in this population. These results suggest that minimizing mismatch could optimize outcomes in adult CI recipients across the life span, which may be particularly beneficial in the elderly considering auditory processing deficits associated with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Canfarotta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Buss
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harold C Pillsbury
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin D Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret T Dillon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Fostick L, Taitelbaum-Swead R, Kreitler S, Zokraut S, Billig M. Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:1270-1281. [PMID: 32182434 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial-temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60-83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fostick
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | | | - Shelly Zokraut
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Miriam Billig
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Israel
- Eastern R&D Center, Ariel, Israel
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21
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Barona R, Vizcaino JA, Krstulovic C, Barona L, Comeche C, Montalt J, Ubeda M, Polo C. Does Asymmetric Hearing Loss Affect the Ability to Understand in Noisy Environments? J Int Adv Otol 2019; 15:267-271. [PMID: 31418717 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2019.5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether, in asymmetric hearing loss, the presence of an ear with a better or worse hearing threshold is related to either better or worse speech-in-noise (SiN) intelligibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 618 subjects with different degrees of hearing loss were evaluated for their ability to understand SiN. A stepwise forward logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that affect performance. The influencing factors of very high or very low performance were determined. RESULTS Age, especially after 70 years of age, and hearing loss, especially from moderate hearing loss, negatively influence SiN intelligibility. Remarkably high intelligibility was identified in subjects with a contralateral ear presenting a better auditory threshold. CONCLUSION Although age and hearing loss are known factors that affect SiN intelligibility, the presence of a healthy contralateral ear is presented as the first description of preservation of SiN hearing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barona
- Department of Otolaryngology, Barona Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Luz Barona
- Department of Otolaryngology, Barona Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Comeche
- Department of Otolaryngology, Barona Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Montalt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Barona Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ubeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Barona Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Polo
- Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Profant O, Jilek M, Bures Z, Vencovsky V, Kucharova D, Svobodova V, Korynta J, Syka J. Functional Age-Related Changes Within the Human Auditory System Studied by Audiometric Examination. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:26. [PMID: 30863300 PMCID: PMC6399208 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related hearing loss (presbycusis) is one of the most common sensory deficits in the aging population. The main subjective ailment in the elderly is the deterioration of speech understanding, especially in a noisy environment, which cannot solely be explained by increased hearing thresholds. The examination methods used in presbycusis are primarily focused on the peripheral pathologies (e.g., hearing sensitivity measured by hearing thresholds), with only a limited capacity to detect the central lesion. In our study, auditory tests focused on central auditory abilities were used in addition to classical examination tests, with the aim to compare auditory abilities between an elderly group (elderly, mean age 70.4 years) and young controls (young, mean age 24.4 years) with clinically normal auditory thresholds, and to clarify the interactions between peripheral and central auditory impairments. Despite the fact that the elderly were selected to show natural age-related deterioration of hearing (auditory thresholds did not exceed 20 dB HL for main speech frequencies) and with clinically normal speech reception thresholds (SRTs), the detailed examination of their auditory functions revealed deteriorated processing of temporal parameters [gap detection threshold (GDT), interaural time difference (ITD) detection] which was partially responsible for the altered perception of distorted speech (speech in babble noise, gated speech). An analysis of interactions between peripheral and central auditory abilities, showed a stronger influence of peripheral function than temporal processing ability on speech perception in silence in the elderly with normal cognitive function. However, in a more natural environment mimicked by the addition of background noise, the role of temporal processing increased rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Profant
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Jilek
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Bures
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Technical Studies, College of Polytechnics, Jihlava, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Vencovsky
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Diana Kucharova
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Svobodova
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Josef Syka
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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23
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Nair PG, Basheer BM. Influence of temporal resolution skills in speech discrimination abilities of older subjects. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:58-62. [PMID: 28374872 PMCID: PMC5384311 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Compromised temporal resolving power of the auditory system can be one of the main factors contributing to poor speech perception skills in the elderly. Very few of the earlier studies have systematically examined this aspect. Hence, the current study was designed with the following objectives: 1) To establish normative database of Gaps in Noise (GIN) test in elderly population in an Indian context. 2) To determine the relationship between speech discrimination skills and temporal resolution abilities in elderly individuals with normal hearing sensitivity. Thirty normal hearing elderly individuals (age range: 55-75 years; mean age: 59.86 ± 4.11 years) participated in the study. The audiological evaluation comprised of tympanometry, puretone and speech audiometry (Speech Reception Threshold-SRT, Speech Discrimination Score-SDS) and GIN. The results of the present study revealed mean Gap Detection Threshold (GDT) of 8.7 msec (SD = 3.38) in the right ear and 8.83 msec (SD = 2.86) in the left ear for the older participants. The mean Total Percentage Score (TPS) in the right ear was 47% (SD = 11.92) and 45% (SD = 11.29) in the left ear. These results suggest that temporal resolution abilities are poor in the elderly compared to the young and middle-aged group. There was no significant ear based difference on either GDT or TPS. The GDT was inversely correlated with speech discrimination performance. The TPS was positively correlated with SDS. This study clearly demonstrated a positive relationship between temporal resolution abilities and speech discrimination. The current database might be useful when assessing temporal resolution abilities in hearing impaired elderly individuals. Furthermore, all elderly individuals should undergo temporal resolution evaluation, irrespective of their hearing status, during audiological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Nair
- Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - B M Basheer
- Mar Thoma College of Special Education, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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24
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Reinhart PN, Souza PE. Effects of Varying Reverberation on Music Perception for Young Normal-Hearing and Old Hearing-Impaired Listeners. Trends Hear 2018; 22:2331216517750706. [PMID: 29320944 PMCID: PMC5768263 DOI: 10.1177/2331216517750706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverberation enhances music perception and is one of the most important acoustic factors in auditorium design. However, previous research on reverberant music perception has focused on young normal-hearing (YNH) listeners. Old hearing-impaired (OHI) listeners have degraded spatial auditory processing; therefore, they may perceive reverberant music differently. Two experiments were conducted examining the effects of varying reverberation on music perception for YNH and OHI listeners. Experiment 1 examined whether YNH listeners and OHI listeners prefer different amounts of reverberation for classical music listening. Symphonic excerpts were processed at a range of reverberation times using a point-source simulation. Listeners performed a paired-comparisons task in which they heard two excerpts with different reverberation times, and they indicated which they preferred. The YNH group preferred a reverberation time of 2.5 s; however, the OHI group did not demonstrate any significant preference. Experiment 2 examined whether OHI listeners are less sensitive to (e, less able to discriminate) differences in reverberation time than YNH listeners. YNH and OHI participants listened to pairs of music excerpts and indicated whether they perceived the same or different amount of reverberation. Results indicated that the ability of both groups to detect differences in reverberation time improved with increasing reverberation time difference. However, discrimination was poorer for the OHI group than for the YNH group. This suggests that OHI listeners are less sensitive to differences in reverberation when listening to music than YNH listeners, which might explain the lack of group reverberation time preferences of the OHI group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Reinhart
- 1 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pamela E Souza
- 2 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,3 Knowles Hearing Center, Evanston, IL, USA
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25
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Helfer KS, Merchant GR, Wasiuk PA. Age-Related Changes in Objective and Subjective Speech Perception in Complex Listening Environments. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:3009-3018. [PMID: 29049601 PMCID: PMC5945070 DOI: 10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A frequent complaint by older adults is difficulty communicating in challenging acoustic environments. The purpose of this work was to review and summarize information about how speech perception in complex listening situations changes across the adult age range. METHOD This article provides a review of age-related changes in speech understanding in complex listening environments and summarizes results from several studies conducted in our laboratory. RESULTS Both degree of high frequency hearing loss and cognitive test performance limit individuals' ability to understand speech in difficult listening situations as they age. The performance of middle-aged adults is similar to that of younger adults in the presence of noise maskers, but they experience substantially more difficulty when the masker is 1 or 2 competing speech messages. For the most part, middle-aged participants in studies conducted in our laboratory reported as much self-perceived hearing problems as did older adult participants. CONCLUSIONS Research supports the multifactorial nature of listening in real-world environments. Current audiologic assessment practices are often insufficient to identify the true speech understanding struggles that individuals experience in these situations. This points to the importance of giving weight to patients' self-reported difficulties. PRESENTATION VIDEO http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601619.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S. Helfer
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | | | - Peter A. Wasiuk
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Sanju HK, Bohra V, Sinha SK. Speech evoked auditory brainstem response and gap detection threshold in middle-aged individual. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:2041-2048. [PMID: 27885514 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing the gap detection threshold (GDT) and speech evoked ABR (SABR) in younger and middle-aged individuals. Two groups of subjects were participated in the study which includes 15 young adults in the age range of 15-25 years and 15 middle-aged individuals in the age range of 40-60 years. SABR with stimulus/da/of 40 ms and GDT were investigated on both groups. For SABR, Mann-Whitney U test revealed that ageing has significantly adverse effect on the encoding of F1 and F2 at brainstem level. However, no significant effect of ageing (till middle age) on the encoding of F0 was observed in present study. Mann-Whitney U test also showed significant longer latency of wave V in middle-aged individuals compared to younger adults. Furthermore, GDT was significantly better in younger adults compared to middle-aged individuals according to Mann-Whitney U test. This study also revealed no significant correlation between GDT and F0, F1, F2 for younger as well as middle-aged individuals. The findings of this study showed poor encoding of certain aspects of speech at brainstem level in middle-aged individuals compared to younger adults. This study also revealed deterioration of auditory processes in middle-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Sanju
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India.
| | - Vaishnavi Bohra
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar Sinha
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
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Helfer KS, Merchant GR, Freyman RL. Aging and the effect of target-masker alignment. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 140:3844. [PMID: 27908027 PMCID: PMC5392104 DOI: 10.1121/1.4967297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Similarity between target and competing speech messages plays a large role in how easy or difficult it is to understand messages of interest. Much research on informational masking has used highly aligned target and masking utterances that are very similar semantically and syntactically. However, listeners rarely encounter situations in real life where they must understand one sentence in the presence of another (or more than one) highly aligned, syntactically similar competing sentence(s). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of syntactic/semantic similarity of target and masking speech in different spatial conditions among younger, middle-aged, and older adults. The results of this experiment indicate that differences in speech recognition between older and younger participants were largest when the masker surrounded the target and was more similar to the target, especially at more adverse signal-to-noise ratios. Differences among listeners and the effect of similarity were much less robust, and all listeners were relatively resistant to masking, when maskers were located on one side of the target message. The present results suggest that previous studies using highly aligned stimuli may have overestimated age-related speech recognition problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Helfer
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 358 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Gabrielle R Merchant
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 358 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Richard L Freyman
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 358 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess age-related changes in temporal resolution in listeners with relatively normal audiograms. The hypothesis was that increased susceptibility to nonsimultaneous masking contributes to the hearing difficulties experienced by older listeners in complex fluctuating backgrounds. DESIGN Participants included younger (n = 11), middle-age (n = 12), and older (n = 11) listeners with relatively normal audiograms. The first phase of the study measured masking period patterns for speech-shaped noise maskers and signals. From these data, temporal window shapes were derived. The second phase measured forward-masking functions and assessed how well the temporal window fits accounted for these data. RESULTS The masking period patterns demonstrated increased susceptibility to backward masking in the older listeners, compatible with a more symmetric temporal window in this group. The forward-masking functions exhibited an age-related decline in recovery to baseline thresholds, and there was also an increase in the variability of the temporal window fits to these data. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an age-related increase in susceptibility to nonsimultaneous masking, supporting the hypothesis that exacerbated nonsimultaneous masking contributes to age-related difficulties understanding speech in fluctuating noise. Further support for this hypothesis comes from limited speech-in-noise data, suggesting an association between susceptibility to forward masking and speech understanding in modulated noise.
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Cardin V. Effects of Aging and Adult-Onset Hearing Loss on Cortical Auditory Regions. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:199. [PMID: 27242405 PMCID: PMC4862970 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a common feature in human aging. It has been argued that dysfunctions in central processing are important contributing factors to hearing loss during older age. Aging also has well documented consequences for neural structure and function, but it is not clear how these effects interact with those that arise as a consequence of hearing loss. This paper reviews the effects of aging and adult-onset hearing loss in the structure and function of cortical auditory regions. The evidence reviewed suggests that aging and hearing loss result in atrophy of cortical auditory regions and stronger engagement of networks involved in the detection of salient events, adaptive control and re-allocation of attention. These cortical mechanisms are engaged during listening in effortful conditions in normal hearing individuals. Therefore, as a consequence of aging and hearing loss, all listening becomes effortful and cognitive load is constantly high, reducing the amount of available cognitive resources. This constant effortful listening and reduced cognitive spare capacity could be what accelerates cognitive decline in older adults with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velia Cardin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College LondonLondon, UK; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping UniversityLinköping, Sweden
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Abstract
The relationship between the pure-tone audiogram and the categorization of normal hearing or a mild hearing loss fails to account for other important non-audiometric factors that impact hearing ability for approximately one-third of adults. In order to obtain a complete hearing profile of our patients who present with normal hearing or a mild hearing loss, it is necessary to consider more than simply the results of the pure-tone audiogram. Both subjective hearing handicap via questionnaire and suprathreshold auditory measures (especially in background noise) have been shown to be sensitive to deficits not captured by the pure-tone audiogram. Viable treatment options with demonstrated benefit, such as mild-gain amplification, should be considered for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Roup
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH
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31
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Gordon-Salant S, Yeni-Komshian GH, Pickett EJ, Fitzgibbons PJ. Perception of contrastive bi-syllabic lexical stress in unaccented and accented words by younger and older listeners. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:1132-48. [PMID: 27036250 PMCID: PMC4798994 DOI: 10.1121/1.4943557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the ability of older and younger listeners to perceive contrastive syllable stress in unaccented and Spanish-accented cognate bi-syllabic English words. Younger listeners with normal hearing, older listeners with normal hearing, and older listeners with hearing impairment judged recordings of words that contrasted in stress that conveyed a noun or verb form (e.g., CONduct/conDUCT), using two paradigms differing in the amount of semantic support. The stimuli were spoken by four speakers: one native English speaker and three Spanish-accented speakers (one moderately and two mildly accented). The results indicate that all listeners showed the lowest accuracy scores in responding to the most heavily accented speaker and the highest accuracy in judging the productions of the native English speaker. The two older groups showed lower accuracy in judging contrastive lexical stress than the younger group, especially for verbs produced by the most accented speaker. This general pattern of performance was observed in the two experimental paradigms, although performance was generally lower in the paradigm without semantic support. The findings suggest that age-related difficulty in adjusting to deviations in contrastive bi-syllabic lexical stress produced with a Spanish accent may be an important factor limiting perception of accented English by older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gordon-Salant
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Grace H Yeni-Komshian
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Erin J Pickett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Peter J Fitzgibbons
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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32
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Lima IMDS, Miranda-Gonsalez ECD. Efeitos da perda auditiva, escolaridade e idade no processamento temporal de idosos. REVISTA CEFAC 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201618110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da perda auditiva, escolaridade e idade no processamento temporal de idosos. Métodos: foram avaliados 30 idosos, 15 com perda auditiva e baixa escolaridade e (Grupo 1) e 15 com audição normal e maior escolaridade (Grupo 2). Os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação audiológica, triagem cognitiva e avaliação do processamento temporal (resolução e ordenação temporal). Resultados: nota-se que os além da escolaridade os grupos se diferem em relação a idade, os idosos do Grupo 1 são mais velhos (p=0,024) e menos escolarizados (p=0.002). Os idosos do Grupo 1 apresentaram maior limiar e menor porcentagem de reconhecimento de gaps no ruido quando comparados ao desempenho dos idosos do Grupo 2 (GIN Limiar p=0,002; GIN % p=0,005). Os participantes de ambos os grupos apresentaram desempenhos similares na habilidade de ordenação temporal (p=0,691). Nesta amostra houve correlação negativa entre escolaridade e limiar de acuidade temporal (p=0,045), ou seja, quanto maior a escolaridade (em anos) menor o limiar de reconhecimento de gaps. Apesar dos grupos serem distintos em relação a faixa etaria, a idade dos idosos não afetou o desempenho para os testes comportamentais do processamento temporal. Conclusão: Idosos com perda de audição e menor escolaridade apresentam maior prejuizo na habilidade de resolução temporal. Não houve correlação da idade com desempenho nos testes temporais.
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Auditory Processing Disorder: Biological Basis and Treatment Efficacy. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN AUDIOLOGY, NEUROTOLOGY, AND THE HEARING SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40848-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Cochlear synaptic loss, rather than hair cell death, is the earliest sign of damage in both noise- and age-related hearing impairment (Kujawa and Liberman, 2009; Sergeyenko et al., 2013). Here, we compare cochlear aging after two types of noise exposure: one producing permanent synaptic damage without hair cell loss and another producing neither synaptopathy nor hair cell loss. Adult mice were exposed (8-16 kHz, 100 or 91 dB SPL for 2 h) and then evaluated from 1 h to ∼ 20 months after exposure. Cochlear function was assessed via distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Cochlear whole mounts and plastic sections were studied to quantify hair cells, cochlear neurons, and the synapses connecting them. The synaptopathic noise (100 dB) caused 35-50 dB threshold shifts at 24 h. By 2 weeks, thresholds had recovered, but synaptic counts and ABR amplitudes at high frequencies were reduced by up to ∼ 45%. As exposed animals aged, synaptopathy was exacerbated compared with controls and spread to lower frequencies. Proportional ganglion cell losses followed. Threshold shifts first appeared >1 year after exposure and, by ∼ 20 months, were up to 18 dB greater in the synaptopathic noise group. Outer hair cell losses were exacerbated in the same time frame (∼ 10% at 32 kHz). In contrast, the 91 dB exposure, producing transient threshold shift without acute synaptopathy, showed no acceleration of synaptic loss or cochlear dysfunction as animals aged, at least to ∼ 1 year after exposure. Therefore, interactions between noise and aging may require an acute synaptopathy, but a single synaptopathic exposure can accelerate cochlear aging.
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Grose JH, Mamo SK, Buss E, Hall JW. Temporal Processing Deficits in Middle Age. Am J Audiol 2015; 24:91-3. [PMID: 25768652 DOI: 10.1044/2015_aja-14-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this brief report is to provide a synopsis of recent work, primarily from the authors' laboratory, that points to the emergence of temporal processing deficits relatively early in the aging process. METHOD The approach taken was to provide a descriptive summary of selected published and current experiments focusing on the processing of temporal envelopes and fine structure. CONCLUSION Deficits in both temporal envelope and temporal fine structure processing are evident during middle age even while audiometric hearing sensitivity remains normal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Buss
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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36
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Rimmele JM, Sussman E, Poeppel D. The role of temporal structure in the investigation of sensory memory, auditory scene analysis, and speech perception: a healthy-aging perspective. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 95:175-83. [PMID: 24956028 PMCID: PMC4272684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Listening situations with multiple talkers or background noise are common in everyday communication and are particularly demanding for older adults. Here we review current research on auditory perception in aging individuals in order to gain insights into the challenges of listening under noisy conditions. Informationally rich temporal structure in auditory signals--over a range of time scales from milliseconds to seconds--renders temporal processing central to perception in the auditory domain. We discuss the role of temporal structure in auditory processing, in particular from a perspective relevant for hearing in background noise, and focusing on sensory memory, auditory scene analysis, and speech perception. Interestingly, these auditory processes, usually studied in an independent manner, show considerable overlap of processing time scales, even though each has its own 'privileged' temporal regimes. By integrating perspectives on temporal structure processing in these three areas of investigation, we aim to highlight similarities typically not recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Maria Rimmele
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elyse Sussman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - David Poeppel
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Max-Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
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37
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Fitzgibbons PJ, Gordon-Salant S. Age effects in discrimination of intervals within rhythmic tone sequences. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 137:388-396. [PMID: 25618068 PMCID: PMC4304959 DOI: 10.1121/1.4904554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study measured listener sensitivity to increments of a target inter-onset interval (IOI) embedded within tone sequences that featured different rhythmic patterns. The sequences consisted of six 50-ms 1000-Hz tone bursts separated by silent intervals that were adjusted to create different timing patterns. Control sequences were isochronous, with all tonal IOIs fixed at either 200 or 400 ms, while other patterns featured combinations of the two IOIs arranged to create different sequential tonal groupings. Duration difference limens in milliseconds for increments of a single sequence IOI were measured adaptively by adjusting the duration of an inter-tone silent interval. Specific target IOIs within sequences differed across discrimination conditions. Listeners included younger normal-hearing adults and groups of older adults with and without hearing loss. Discrimination performance measured for each of the older groups of listeners was observed to be equivalent, with each group exhibiting significantly poorer discrimination performance than the younger listeners in each sequence condition. Additionally, the specific influence of variable rhythmic grouping on temporal sensitivity was found to be greatest among older listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Fitzgibbons
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Sandra Gordon-Salant
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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38
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Kumar Neupane A, Gururaj K, Mehta G, Sinha SK. Effect of Repetition Rate on Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Younger and Middle Aged Individuals. Audiol Res 2014; 4:106. [PMID: 26557355 PMCID: PMC4627139 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech evoked auditory brainstem responses depicts the neural encoding of speech at the level of brainstem. This study was designed to evaluate the neural encoding of speech at the brainstem in younger population and middle-aged population at three different repetition rates (6.9, 10.9 and 15.4). Speech evoked auditory brainstem response was recorded from 84 participants (young participants=42, middle aged participants=42) with normal hearing sensitivity. The latency of wave V and amplitude of the fundamental frequency, first formant frequency and second formant frequency was calculated. Results showed that the latency of wave V was prolonged for middle-aged individuals for all three-repetition rates compared to the younger participants. The results of the present study also revealed that there was no difference in encoding of fundamental frequency between middle aged and younger individuals at any of the repetition rates. However, increase in repetition rate did affect the encoding of the fundamental frequency in middle-aged individuals. The above results suggest a differential effect of repetition rate on wave V latency and encoding of fundamental frequency. Further, it was noticed that repetition rate did not affect the amplitude of first formant frequency or second formant frequency in middle aged participants compared to the younger participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krithika Gururaj
- All India Institute of Speech and Hearing , Manasagangothri, India
| | - Garvita Mehta
- All India Institute of Speech and Hearing , Manasagangothri, India
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39
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Helfer KS, Freyman RL. Stimulus and listener factors affecting age-related changes in competing speech perception. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 136:748-759. [PMID: 25096109 PMCID: PMC4187459 DOI: 10.1121/1.4887463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine associations among hearing thresholds, cognitive ability, and speech understanding in adverse listening conditions within and between groups of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Participants repeated back sentences played in the presence of several types of maskers (syntactically similar and syntactically different competing speech from one or two other talkers, and steady-state speech-shaped noise). They also completed tests of auditory short-term/working memory, processing speed, and inhibitory ability. Results showed that group differences in accuracy of word identification and in error patterns differed depending upon the number of masking voices; specifically, older and middle-aged individuals had particular difficulty, relative to younger subjects, in the presence of a single competing message. However, the effect of syntactic similarity was consistent across subject groups. Hearing loss, short-term memory, processing speed, and inhibitory ability were each related to some aspects of performance by the middle-aged and older participants. Notably, substantial age-related changes in speech recognition were apparent within the group of middle-aged listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Helfer
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 358 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Richard L Freyman
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 358 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Sharma S, Nag TC, Thakar A, Bhardwaj DN, Roy TS. The aging human cochlear nucleus: Changes in the glial fibrillary acidic protein, intracellular calcium regulatory proteins, GABA neurotransmitter and cholinergic receptor. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 56:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Poling GL, Siegel JH, Lee J, Lee J, Dhar S. Characteristics of the 2f(1)-f(2) distortion product otoacoustic emission in a normal hearing population. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:287-99. [PMID: 24437769 PMCID: PMC3986236 DOI: 10.1121/1.4845415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) fine structure and component characteristics are reported between 0.75 and 16 kHz in 356 clinically normal hearing human subjects ages 10 to 65 yr. Stimulus tones at 55/40, 65/55, and 75/75 dB SPL were delivered using custom designed drivers and a calibration method that compensated for the depth of insertion of the otoacoustic emission (OAE) probe in the ear canal. DPOAE fine structure depth and spacing were found to be consistent with previous reports with depth varying between 3 and 7 dB and average spacing ratios (f/Δf) between 15 and 25 depending on stimulus level and frequency. In general, fine structure depth increased with increasing frequency, likely due to a diminishing difference between DPOAE component levels. Fine structure spacing became wider with increasing age above 8 kHz. DPOAE components were extracted using the inverse fast Fourier transform method, adhering to a strict signal to noise ratio criterion for clearer interpretation. Component data from four age groups between 18 and 55 yr old were available for the stimulus levels of 75/75 dB SPL. The age groups could be differentiated with greater than 90% accuracy when using the level of the component presumed to originate from the DPOAE characteristic frequency place. This accuracy held even for frequencies at and below 4 kHz where the age groups exhibited similar average hearing thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayla L Poling
- The Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Jonathan H Siegel
- The Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Jungmee Lee
- The Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Jungwha Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sumitrajit Dhar
- The Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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42
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Gordon-Salant S. Aging, Hearing Loss, and Speech Recognition: Stop Shouting, I Can’t Understand You. PERSPECTIVES ON AUDITORY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9102-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Sergeyenko Y, Lall K, Liberman MC, Kujawa SG. Age-related cochlear synaptopathy: an early-onset contributor to auditory functional decline. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13686-94. [PMID: 23966690 PMCID: PMC3755715 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1783-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging listeners experience greater difficulty understanding speech in adverse listening conditions and exhibit degraded temporal resolution, even when audiometric thresholds are normal. When threshold evidence for peripheral involvement is lacking, central and cognitive factors are often cited as underlying performance declines. However, previous work has uncovered widespread loss of cochlear afferent synapses and progressive cochlear nerve degeneration in noise-exposed ears with recovered thresholds and no hair cell loss (Kujawa and Liberman 2009). Here, we characterize age-related cochlear synaptic and neural degeneration in CBA/CaJ mice never exposed to high-level noise. Cochlear hair cell and neuronal function was assessed via distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, respectively. Immunostained cochlear whole mounts and plastic-embedded sections were studied by confocal and conventional light microscopy to quantify hair cells, cochlear neurons, and synaptic structures, i.e., presynaptic ribbons and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic loss progresses from youth (4 weeks) to old age (144 weeks) and is seen throughout the cochlea long before age-related changes in thresholds or hair cell counts. Cochlear nerve loss parallels the synaptic loss, after a delay of several months. Key functional clues to the synaptopathy are available in the neural response; these can be accessed noninvasively, enhancing the possibilities for translation to human clinical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumud Lall
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - M. Charles Liberman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sharon G. Kujawa
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and
- Department of Audiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, and
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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44
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Age-related changes in calbindin and calretinin immunoreactivity in the central auditory system of the rat. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:497-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Electrophysiological measurement of binaural beats: effects of primary tone frequency and observer age. Ear Hear 2012; 33:187-94. [PMID: 21926628 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0b013e318230bbbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the electrophysiological binaural beat steady state response as a gauge of temporal fine structure coding, particularly as it relates to the aging auditory system. The hypothesis was that the response would be more robust in a lower, than in a higher, frequency region and in younger, than in older, adults. DESIGN Two experiments were undertaken. The first measured the 40 Hz binaural beat steady state response elicited by tone pairs in two frequency regions: lower (390 and 430 Hz tone pair) and higher (810 and 850 Hz tone pair). Frequency following responses (FFRs) evoked by the tones were also recorded. Ten young adults with normal hearing participated. The second experiment measured the binaural beat and FFRs in older adults but only in the lower frequency region. Fourteen older adults with relatively normal hearing participated. Response metrics in both experiments included response component signal-to-noise ratio (F statistic) and magnitude-squared coherence. RESULTS Experiment 1 showed that FFRs were elicited in both frequency regions but were more robust in the lower frequency region. Binaural beat responses elicited by the lower frequency pair of tones showed greater amplitude fluctuation within a participant than the respective FFRs. Experiment 2 showed that older adults exhibited similar FFRs to younger adults, but proportionally fewer older participants showed binaural beat responses. Age differences in onset responses were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The lower prevalence of the binaural beat response in older adults, despite the presence of FFRs, provides tentative support for the sensitivity of this measure to age-related deficits in temporal processing. However, the lability of the binaural beat response advocates caution in its use as an objective measure of fine structure coding.
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Abdala C, Dhar S. Maturation and aging of the human cochlea: a view through the DPOAE looking glass. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2012; 13:403-21. [PMID: 22476702 PMCID: PMC3346898 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-012-0319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear function changes throughout the human lifespan. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded in 156 ears to examine these changes and speculate as to their mechanistic underpinnings. DPOAEs were analyzed within the context of current OAE generation theory, which recognizes distinct emission mechanisms. Seven age groups including premature newborns through senescent adults were tested with a swept-tone DPOAE protocol to examine magnitude and phase features of both the mixed DPOAE and individual distortion and reflection components. Results indicate (1) 6-8-month-old infants have the most robust DPOAE and component levels for frequencies >1.5 kHz; (2) older adults show a substantial reduction in DPOAE and distortion-component levels combined with a smaller drop in reflection-component levels; (3) all age groups manifest a violation of distortion phase invariance at frequencies below 1.5 kHz consistent with a secular break in cochlear scaling; the apical phase delay is markedly longer in newborns; and (4) phase slope of reflection emissions is most shallow in the older adults. Combined findings suggest that basilar membrane motion in the apical half of the cochlea is immature at birth and that the cochlea of senescent adults shows reduced nonlinearity and relatively shallow reflection-component phase slope, which can be interpreted to suggest degraded tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Abdala
- Division of Communication and Auditory Neuroscience, House Research Institute, 2100 W. Third St., Los Angeles, CA 90057 USA
| | - Sumitrajit Dhar
- Knowles Hearing Center, Roxelyn & Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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Abstract
We investigated comprehension of and adaptation to speech in an unfamiliar accent in older adults. Participants performed a speeded sentence verification task for accented sentences: one group upon auditory-only presentation, and the other group upon audiovisual presentation. Our questions were whether audiovisual presentation would facilitate adaptation to the novel accent, and which cognitive and linguistic measures would predict adaptation. Participants were therefore tested on a range of background tests: hearing acuity, auditory verbal short-term memory, working memory, attention-switching control, selective attention, and vocabulary knowledge. Both auditory-only and audiovisual groups showed improved accuracy and decreasing response times over the course of the experiment, effectively showing accent adaptation. Even though the total amount of improvement was similar for the auditory-only and audiovisual groups, initial rate of adaptation was faster in the audiovisual group. Hearing sensitivity and short-term and working memory measures were associated with efficient processing of the novel accent. Analysis of the relationship between accent comprehension and the background tests revealed furthermore that selective attention and vocabulary size predicted the amount of adaptation over the course of the experiment. These results suggest that vocabulary knowledge and attentional abilities facilitate the attention-shifting strategies proposed to be required for perceptual learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Janse
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Musical experience offsets age-related delays in neural timing. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1483.e1-4. [PMID: 22227006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging disrupts neural timing, reducing the nervous system's ability to precisely encode sound. Given that the neural representation of temporal features is strengthened with musical training in young adults, can musical training offset the negative impact of aging on neural processing? By comparing auditory brainstem timing in younger and older musicians and nonmusicians to a consonant-vowel speech sound /da/. we document a musician's resilience to age-related delays in neural timing.
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Age-related changes in auditory temporal processing in the rat. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:739-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fostick L, Ben-Artzi E, Babkoff H. Stimulus-Onset-Asynchrony as the Main Cue in Temporal Order Judgment. Audiol Res 2011; 2:e5. [PMID: 26557314 PMCID: PMC4627152 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2011.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Fostick
- Ariel University Center , Ariel, Israel
| | | | - H Babkoff
- Ashkelon Academic College , Ashkelon, Israel
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