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Allam C. Acoustic energy and cardiac electrophysiology: Ultrasonic cardiac pacing and novel shockwave ablation catheters. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45:800-806. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadi Allam
- Faculty of Medicine Saint‐Joseph University Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Cardiology Hôtel‐Dieu de France Hospital Beirut Lebanon
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Coiado OC, Yerrabelli RS, Christensen AP, Wozniak M, O'Brien WD. Investigation of the Effects of Cardiovascular Therapeutic Ultrasound Applied in Female and Male Rats' Hearts of Different Ages. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:166-180. [PMID: 34543195 PMCID: PMC8848473 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of age and sex on the cardiovascular effects of 3.5-MHz pulsed ultrasound (US) in a rat model. Ultrasonic bursts of 2.0-MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitude (equivalent to an in vitro spatial-peak temporal-peak intensity of ~270 W/cm2 and a mechanical index of 1.1) were delivered in five consecutive 10-s intervals, one interval for each pulse repetition frequency (PRF) (6, 5, 4, 5, and 6 Hz; always the same order) for a total exposure duration of 50 consecutive seconds. Sixty F344 rats were split into 12 groups in a 3×2×2 factorial design (three ages, male versus female, and US application versus control). This study is the first study on US-induced cardiac effects that contains data across three age groups of rats (premenopause, fertile, and postmenopause) to mimic the fertile and nonfertile human window. US was applied transthoracically, while heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction, temperature, and other physiologic parameters were recorded at baseline and after exposure. Significant decreases in cardiac output compared to respective control groups were observed in multiple experimental groups, spanning both females and males. A negative chronotropic effect was observed in young male (~7%) and female (~16%) rats, in five-month-old male (~9%) and female (~15%) rats, and in old rats where the effect was not statistically significant. Younger groups and, to a lesser extent, lower weight groups generally had more significant effects. The pathophysiology of US-induced cardiovascular effects appears to be multifactorial and not strictly related to hormones, menopause, weight, sex, or age, individually.
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Coiado OC, Yerrabelli RS, Christensen AP, Wozniak M, Lucas A, O'Brien WD. Positive chronotropic effect caused by transthoracic ultrasound in heart of rats. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2021; 1:082001. [PMID: 34396365 PMCID: PMC8340500 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed ultrasound can produce chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart with potential therapeutic applications. Fourteen 3-month-old female rats were exposed transthoracically to 3.5-MHz 2.0-MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitude ultrasonic pulses of increasing 5-s duration pulse repetition frequency (PRF) sequences. An increase in the heart rate was observed following each PRF sequence: an ∼50% increase after the 4-5-6 Hz sequence, an ∼57% increase after the 5-6-7 Hz sequence, and an ∼48% increase after the 6-7-8 Hz sequence. Other cardiac parameters showed a normal or indicated a compensatory decrease at 3 and 15 min post-ultrasound compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Coiado
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Rahul S Yerrabelli
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Anton P Christensen
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Marcin Wozniak
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA , , , , ,
| | - Alex Lucas
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - William D O'Brien
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA , , , , ,
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Upadhyay A, Dalvi SV. Microbubble Formulations: Synthesis, Stability, Modeling and Biomedical Applications. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:301-343. [PMID: 30527395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are increasingly being used in biomedical applications such as ultrasonic imaging and targeted drug delivery. Microbubbles typically range from 0.1 to 10 µm in size and consist of a protective shell made of lipids or proteins. The shell encapsulates a gaseous core containing gases such as oxygen, sulfur hexafluoride or perfluorocarbons. This review is a consolidated account of information available in the literature on research related to microbubbles. Efforts have been made to present an overview of microbubble synthesis techniques; microbubble stability; microbubbles as contrast agents in ultrasonic imaging and drug delivery vehicles; and side effects related to microbubble administration in humans. Developments related to the modeling of microbubble dissolution and stability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaneesh Upadhyay
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India.
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Combining Microbubble Contrast Agent with Pulsed-Laser Irradiation for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040175. [PMID: 30282960 PMCID: PMC6321619 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The optodynamic process of laser-induced microbubble (MB) cavitation in liquids is utilized in various medical applications. However, how incident laser radiation interacts with MBs as an ultrasound contrast agent is rarely estimated when the liquid already contains stable MBs. The present study investigated the efficacy of the laser-mediated cavitation of albumin-shelled MBs in enhancing transdermal drug delivery. Different types and conditions of laser-mediated inertial cavitation of MBs were first evaluated. A CO2 fractional pulsed laser was selected for combining with MBs in the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro skin penetration by β-arbutin after 2 h was 2 times greater in the group combining a laser with MBs than in the control group. In small-animal experiments, the whitening effect on the skin of C57BL/6J mice in the group combining a laser with MBs on the skin plus penetrating β-arbutin increased (significantly) by 48.0% at day 11 and 50.0% at day 14, and then tended to stabilize for the remainder of the 20-day experimental period. The present results indicate that combining a CO2 laser with albumin-shelled MBs can increase skin permeability so as to enhance the delivery of β-arbutin to inhibit melanogenesis in mice without damaging the skin.
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Coiado OC, O'Brien WD. The Negative Chronotropic Effect in Rat Heart Stimulated by Ultrasonic Pulses: Role of Sex and Age. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:799-808. [PMID: 28072471 PMCID: PMC5359037 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to investigate the role of sex and age of the negative chronotropic effect after exposure of 3.5-MHz pulsed ultrasound (US) to the rat heart. METHODS Forty F344 rats were exposed transthoracically to ultrasonic pulses at a duty factor of approximately 1.0% at 2.0-MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitude. The transthoracic ultrasonic bursts were delivered consecutively in five 10-s intervals, that is, 10 s of 6-Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF), 10 s of 5-Hz PRF, 10 s of 4-Hz PRF, 10 s of 5-Hz PRF, and 10 s of 6-Hz, for a 50-s total exposure duration. The rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 5 each): US young male, control young male, US young female, control young female, US old male, control old male, US old female, and control old female. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare heart rate, cardiac output, arterial pressure, and other hemodynamic values (baseline) before and after US stimulation. Sex versus age versus US interaction was detected for heart rate. Cardiac output showed an age effect, and ejection fraction showed age and US effects. The arterial pressure showed a sex effect. A negative chronotropic effect (∼30% decrease in heart rate) was observed for young female rats. An hypothesis is that the US effect is weight (menopause) dependent, because the young (premenopausal) female rats weighed approximately 40 to 60% less than other groups of rats. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that the ovarian hormones are responsible for different US-induced cardiac bioeffects in different ages and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Coiado
- Donald P. Shiley School of Engineering, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon USA
| | - William D O'Brien
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois USA
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Kohut AR, Vecchio C, Adam D, Lewin PA. The potential of ultrasound in cardiac pacing and rhythm modulation. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13:815-22. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1217772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Fleischman A, Vecchio C, Sunny Y, Bawiec CR, Lewin PA, Kresh JY, Kohut AR. Ultrasound-induced modulation of cardiac rhythm in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1423-8. [PMID: 25858493 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00980.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were used to study the influence of ultrasound on the chronotropic response in a tissue culture model. The beat frequency of the cells, varying from 40 to 90 beats/min, was measured based upon the translocation of the nuclear membrane captured by a high-speed camera. Ultrasound pulses (frequency = 2.5 MHz) were delivered at 300-ms intervals [3.33 Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF)], in turn corresponding to 200 pulses/min. The intensity of acoustic energy and pulse duration were made variable, 0.02-0.87 W/cm(2) and 1-5 ms, respectively. In 57 of 99 trials, there was a noted average increase in beat frequency of 25% with 8-s exposures to ultrasonic pulses. Applied ultrasound energy with a spatial peak time average acoustic intensity (Ispta) of 0.02 W/cm(2) and pulse duration of 1 ms effectively increased the contraction rate of cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Of the acoustic power tested, the lowest level of acoustic intensity and shortest pulse duration proved most effective at increasing the electrophysiological responsiveness and beat frequency of cardiomyocytes. Determining the optimal conditions for delivery of ultrasound will be essential to developing new models for understanding mechanoelectrical coupling (MEC) and understanding novel nonelectrical pacing modalities for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Vecchio
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Youhan Sunny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Christopher R Bawiec
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Peter A Lewin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - J Yasha Kresh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine School of Medicine and Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Ultrasound therapy has been investigated for over half a century. Ultrasound can act on tissue through a variety of mechanisms, including thermal, shockwave and cavitation mechanisms, and through these can elicit different responses. Ultrasound therapy can provide a non-invasive or minimally invasive treatment option, and ultrasound technology has advanced to the point where devices can be developed to investigate a wide range of applications. This review focuses on non-cancer clinical applications of therapeutic ultrasound, with an emphasis on treatments that have recently reached clinical investigations, and preclinical research programmes that have great potential to impact patient care.
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Coiado OC, Buiochi EB, O’Brien WD. Ultrasound-induced heart rate decrease: role of the vagus nerve. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2015; 62:329-36. [PMID: 25643082 PMCID: PMC4319370 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.006755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the role of the vagus nerve (VN) in the ultrasound (US)-induced negative chronotropic effect (deceased heart rate). One of the functions of the VN is to mediate lowering of the heart rate. A previous study showed a decrease of ~20% in the heart rate but the mechanism of the effect was not investigated. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 20) were exposed transthoracically to ultrasonic pulses at an approximate duty factor of 1% with sequentially 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitudes (PRPAs). The ultrasonic exposure parameters herein were chosen to match those of the previous study to have confidence that an ultrasound-induced negative chronotropic effect would occur. For each of the three PRPA sequences, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) started slightly greater than the rat's heart rate and then was decreased sequentially in 1-Hz steps every 10 s (i.e., 6, 5, and 4 Hz for a total duration of 30 s). The experiments were organized in a standard (2 × 2) factorial design with VN (cut versus intact) as one factor and US (on versus off) as another factor. VN (intact/cut) and US (on/off) groups were divided into four groups each consisting of 5 animals: 1) VN intact-US off, 2) VN intact-US on, 3) VN cut-US off, and 4) VN cut-US on. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare heart rate, cardiac output, systolic volume, ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, respiratory rate, and arterial pressure before and after ultrasound stimulation. In this study, the heart rate decreased ~4% for the non-vagotomy and vagotomy groups. The ultrasound effect was significant for heart rate (p = 0.02) and cardiac output (p = 0.005) at 3 min post US exposure; the vagotomy effect was not significant. For heart rate, the Bonferroni test showed no differences between the four groups. The vagotomy group showed similar ultrasound-induced cardiac effects compared with the non-vagotomy group, suggesting that the vagus nerve is not influenced by the ultrasound exposure procedures. The US application caused a negative chronotropic effect of the rat heart without affecting the hemodynamic conditions. The results at this point are suggestive for an alternative cardiac pacing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Coiado
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Elaine B. Buiochi
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - William D. O’Brien
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Miller DL, Dou C, Owens GE, Kripfgans OD. Timing of high-intensity pulses for myocardial cavitation-enabled therapy. J Ther Ultrasound 2014; 2:20. [PMID: 25279221 PMCID: PMC4183070 DOI: 10.1186/2050-5736-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity ultrasound pulses intermittently triggered from an ECG signal can interact with circulating contrast agent microbubbles to produce myocardial cavitation microlesions of potential therapeutic value. In this study, the timing of therapy pulses relative to the ECG R wave was investigated to identify the optimal time point for tissue reduction therapy with regard to both the physiological cardiac response and microlesion production. Methods Rats were anesthetized, prepared for ultrasound, placed in a heated water bath, and treated with 1.5 MHz focused ultrasound pulses targeted to the left ventricular myocardium with an 8 MHz imaging transducer. Initially, the rats were treated for 1 min at each of six different time points in the ECG while monitoring blood pressure responses to assess cardiac functional effects. Next, groups of rats were treated at three different time points: end diastole, end systole, and mid-diastole to assess the impact of timing on microlesion creation. These rats were pretreated with Evans blue injections and were allowed to recover for 1 day until hearts were harvested for scoring of injured cardiomyocytes. Results The initial results showed a wide range of cardiac premature complexes in the ECG, which corresponded with blood pressure pulses for ultrasound pulses triggered during diastole. However, the microlesion experiment did not reveal any statistically significant variations in cardiomyocyte injury. Conclusion The end of systole (R + RR/3) was identified as an optimal trigger time point which produced identifiable ECG complexes and substantial cardiomyocyte injury but minimal cardiac functional disruption during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Miller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 3240A Medical Sciences Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor 48109-5667, USA
| | - Chunyan Dou
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 3240A Medical Sciences Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor 48109-5667, USA
| | - Gabe E Owens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 3240A Medical Sciences Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor 48109-5667, USA
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Coiado OC, O'Brien WD. The role of the duty factor in ultrasound-mediated cardiac stimulation. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 136:EL231. [PMID: 25190426 PMCID: PMC4144169 DOI: 10.1121/1.4893332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of the duty factor (DF) in ultrasound-mediated cardiac stimulation is studied. Five 3-month-old female rats were exposed transthoracically to 3.5-MHz ultrasonic pulses of 2.0-MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitude, variable DF, and variable pulse repetition frequency. A change in the heart rate was not observed following the 0.25%-DF sequence. A decrease of ∼4% in the heart rate was observed following the 0.50%-DF and 1.00%-DF sequences. Outcomes suggest a possible DF threshold for cardiac pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Coiado
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801 ,
| | - William D O'Brien
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801 ,
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Livneh A, Kimmel E, Kohut AR, Adam D. Extracorporeal acute cardiac pacing by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 115:140-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gruber MJ, Bader KB, Holland CK. Cavitation thresholds of contrast agents in an in vitro human clot model exposed to 120-kHz ultrasound. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:646-53. [PMID: 25234874 PMCID: PMC3986017 DOI: 10.1121/1.4843175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) can be employed to nucleate cavitation to achieve desired bioeffects, such as thrombolysis, in therapeutic ultrasound applications. Effective methods of enhancing thrombolysis with ultrasound have been examined at low frequencies (<1 MHz) and low amplitudes (<0.5 MPa). The objective of this study was to determine cavitation thresholds for two UCAs exposed to 120-kHz ultrasound. A commercial ultrasound contrast agent (Definity(®)) and echogenic liposomes were investigated to determine the acoustic pressure threshold for ultraharmonic (UH) and broadband (BB) generation using an in vitro flow model perfused with human plasma. Cavitation emissions were detected using two passive receivers over a narrow frequency bandwidth (540-900 kHz) and a broad frequency bandwidth (0.54-1.74 MHz). UH and BB cavitation thresholds occurred at the same acoustic pressure (0.3 ± 0.1 MPa, peak to peak) and were found to depend on the sensitivity of the cavitation detector but not on the nucleating contrast agent or ultrasound duty cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gruber
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cardiovascular Center 3941, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0586
| | - Kenneth B Bader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cardiovascular Center 3941, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0586
| | - Christy K Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cardiovascular Center 3941, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0586
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Al-Mahrouki AA, Karshafian R, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Bioeffects of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles on endothelial cells: gene expression changes associated with radiation enhancement in vitro. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:1958-1969. [PMID: 22980406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound can be used to target endothelial cells in cancer therapy where the destruction of vasculature leads to tumor cell death. Here, we demonstrate ultrasound bioeffects in which the levels of genes in endothelial cells can be significantly altered by ultrasound-stimulated microbubble exposure. These were compared with established effects of radiation on endothelial cells at a gene level. Human-endothelial cells were exposed to ultrasound and microbubbles, radiation or combinations of ultrasound, microbubbles and radiation. Gene expression analyses revealed an up-regulation of genes known to be involved in apoptosis and ceramide-induced apoptotic pathways, including SMPD2, UGT8, COX6B1, Caspase 9 and MAP2K1 with ultrasound-stimulated microbubble exposure but not SMPD1. This was supported by immunohistochemistry and morphologic changes examined with cell microscopy, which showed changes in SMPD1 gene product in cells with microbubble exposure. This supports the hypothesis that ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles can induce significant bioeffect-related changes in gene expression and can affect ceramide signaling pathways in endothelial cells, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Al-Mahrouki
- Radiation Oncology and Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Koch C, Jüschke M. Model processes and cavitation indicators for a quantitative description of an ultrasonic cleaning vessel: Part II--multivariate data analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:796-802. [PMID: 22265604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multivariate data analysis of cavitation indicators and parameters was carried out to improve the quantitative characterization of cavitation processes used in manufacturing and medical applications. The indicators were obtained from four model measurement methods applied to a 45 kHz cleaning vessel. Together with experimental data such as temperature and electrical input power they form the data basis of a factor analysis. The loadings of three factors were calculated and the indicators, the parameters, and finally the data were depicted in factor space. The factors show relations between the variables and several overlapping indicators and parameters were identified. The coordinates of the data (data scores) indicate tendencies within the data and the assessment of the factors allows the finding of hidden relations. Using the factor analysis three representing indicators or parameters specific to the application case are identified which can be used for a complete description of the process. This characterization method can favourably be applied in quality management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Hersch A, Adam D. Premature cardiac contractions produced efficiently by external high-intensity focused ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:1101-10. [PMID: 21684453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of myocardium to a mechanical impact may produce premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). High-intensity focused ultrasound was reported to generate PVCs, while microbubbles at the target increased absorption, thus, promoting energy localization and decreased PVC threshold. The objective was to investigate the benefit of a two-stage ultrasonic transmission: (1) asymmetric mostly negative waveform at the focus (microbubbles generation) and (2) asymmetric mostly positive waveform at the microbubbles (impact generation). Optimization of transmission parameters was performed by measuring passive cavitation and attenuation. In vivo intact rat studies were performed while measuring electrocardiograph (ECG) and blood pressure. Most PVCs with blood injection were created while applying 3.06 MPa peak negative pressure during 1 ms, followed by 5.1 MPa peak positive pressure during 50 ms. Increasing the second stage from 5 ms to 50 ms increased the occurrence of PVCs. This study demonstrates that creation of localized microbubble population at the target promotes generation of PVCs without the need to inject contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Hersch
- Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel.
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Miller DL, Dou C, Lucchesi BR. Are ECG premature complexes induced by ultrasonic cavitation electrophysiological responses to irreversible cardiomyocyte injury? ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:312-20. [PMID: 21257092 PMCID: PMC3046393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between premature complexes (PCs) in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and lethal injury of cardiomyocytes induced by ultrasound exposure of the heart with contrast-agent gas bodies in the circulation. Anesthetized rats were exposed in a heated water bath to 1.55 MHz focused ultrasound with bursts triggered at end systole during contrast agent infusion. PCs were detected in ECG recordings and cardiomyocyte necrosis was scored by identifying Evans blue-stained cells in multiple frozen sections. With 0.1 μL/kg/min infusion of contrast agent for 5 min, both effects increased strongly for 2-ms bursts with increasing peak rarefactional pressure amplitude >1 MPa. At 8 MPa, statistically significant effects were found even for no agent infusion relative to sham tests. For 2-ms bursts at 2 MPa, the highly significant bioeffects seen for 10-, 1- and 0.1-μL/kg/min infusion became marginally significant for 0.01 μL/kg/min, which indicated a lower probability of cavitation nucleation. Burst duration variation from 0.2-20 ms produced no substantial trends in the results. Overall, the two effects were well correlated (r(2) = 0.88). The PCs occurring during contrast-enhanced ultrasound therefore appear to be electrophysiological responses to irreversible cardiomyocyte injury induced by ultrasonic cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Miller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5667, USA.
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Santin MD, King DA, Foiret J, Haak A, O'Brien WD, Bridal SL. Encapsulated contrast microbubble radial oscillation associated with postexcitation pressure peaks. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 127:1156-64. [PMID: 20136236 PMCID: PMC2852442 DOI: 10.1121/1.3277216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work combines modeling and experiment to assess encapsulated microbubble oscillations associated with broadband pressure peaks detected after microbubble excitation (postexcitation signals). Data were acquired from albumin-shelled and phospholipid-shelled microbubbles using a passive cavitation detector consisting of a confocally aligned 2.8-MHz transmitter and 13-MHz receiver. Microbubbles in weak solutions were insonified with a 5-cycle pulse at a peak rarefactional pressure of 2.0+/-0.2 MPa. For each microbubble type, at least 100 received signals were identified as individual-microbubble responses. The average broadband noise from signals with postexcitation response was 4.2-7.2 dB higher than from signals without postexcitation. Pressure-time responses for each microbubble type were simulated using the model by Marmottant et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 3499-3505 (2005)], with insonification conditions matching the experiment. Increased broadband noise predicted for microbubbles with postexcitation response was consistent with that observed experimentally (4.0-8.9 dB). The model predicted that postexcitation signals occur only when the radial oscillation exceeds both the shell break-up threshold and twice the initial radius (free bubble inertial cavitation threshold).
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Santin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7623, LIP, F-75005 Paris, France
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Yang F, Li L, Li Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Gu N. Superparamagnetic nanoparticle-inclusion microbubbles for ultrasound contrast agents. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:6129-41. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/21/016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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