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Gachon B, Fritel X, Pierre F, Nordez A. In vivo measurement of the elastic properties of pelvic floor muscles in pregnancy using shear wave elastography. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2623-2631. [PMID: 37535132 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate changes in the elastic properties of levator ani muscle (LAM) and external anal sphincter (EAS) during pregnancy using shear wave elastography (SWE). Our secondary objective was to examine the association between the elastic properties of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and perineal tears at childbirth. METHODS This was a prospective monocentric study, including nulliparous women. Three visits were planned (14-18, 24-28, and 34-38 weeks) with a SWE assessment of the LAM and EAS at rest and during Valsalva maneuver. Then, we collected data about the delivery's characteristics. Assessments were performed using an Aixplorer V12® device (SL 18-5 linear probe) using a transperineal approach, reporting the shear modulus in kPa. We looked for changes in PFM's elastic properties during pregnancy using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. We compared the mean shear modulus in late pregnancy for each muscle and condition between women with an intact perineum at delivery and those with a perineal tear using Student's t test. RESULTS Forty-seven women were considered. Forty-five women had vaginal delivery of which 38 (84.4%) had perineal tears. We did not report any significant changes in the elastic properties of PFM during pregnancy. Women with an intact perineum at delivery had a stiffer EAS at Valsalva maneuver in late pregnancy (27.0 kPa vs. 18.2 kPa; p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant changes in the elastic properties of the PFM in pregnancy. Stiffer EAS in late pregnancy appears to be associated with a lower incidence of perineal tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Gachon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France.
- Nantes Université, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR4334, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Poitiers University, INSERM CIC 1402, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France.
- Clinique Bouchard, 77 Rue du Dr Escat, 13006, Marseille, France.
| | - Xavier Fritel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
- Poitiers University, INSERM CIC 1402, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Nantes Université, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR4334, 44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Itsuda H, Yagi M, Yanase K, Umehara J, Mukai H, Ichihashi N. Effective Stretching Positions of the Piriformis Muscle Evaluated Using Shear Wave Elastography. J Sport Rehabil 2024; 33:282-288. [PMID: 38593993 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Piriformis syndrome is often associated with muscle spasms and shortening of the piriformis muscle (PM). Physical therapy, including static stretching of the PM, is one of the treatments for this syndrome. However, the effective stretching position of the PM is unclear in vivo. This study aimed to determine the effective stretching positions of the PM using ultrasonic shear wave elastography. DESIGN Observational study. METHODS Twenty-one healthy young men (22.7 [2.4] y) participated in this study. The shear elastic modulus of the PM was measured at 12 stretching positions using shear wave elastography. Three of the 12 positions were tested with maximum internal rotation at 0°, 20°, or 40° hip adduction in 90° hip flexion. Nine of the 12 positions were tested with maximum external rotation at positions combined with 3 hip-flexion angles (70°, 90°, and 110°) and 3 hip-adduction angles (0°, 20°, and 40°). RESULTS The shear elastic modulus of the PM was significantly higher in the order of 40°, 20°, and 0° of adduction and higher in external rotation than in internal rotation. The shear elastic modulus of the PM was significantly greater in combined 110° hip flexion and 40° adduction with maximum external rotation than in all other positions. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the position in which the PM was most stretched was maximum external rotation with 110° hip flexion and 40° hip adduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Itsuda
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Yagi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ko Yanase
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Umehara
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiyu Mukai
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang S, Okamoto RJ, McGarry MDJ, Bayly PV. Shear wave speeds in a nearly incompressible fibrous material with two unequal fiber families. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:2327-2338. [PMID: 38557738 PMCID: PMC10987194 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of soft biological tissues can be characterized non-invasively by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). In MRE, shear wave fields are induced by vibration, imaged by magnetic resonance imaging, and inverted to estimate tissue properties in terms of the parameters of an underlying material model. Most MRE studies assume an isotropic material model; however, biological tissue is often anisotropic with a fibrous structure, and some tissues contain two or more families of fibers-each with different orientations and properties. Motivated by the prospect of using MRE to characterize such tissues, this paper describes the propagation of shear waves in soft fibrous material with two unequal fiber families. Shear wave speeds are expressed in terms of material parameters, and the effect of each parameter on the shear wave speeds is investigated. Analytical expressions of wave speeds are confirmed by finite element simulations of shear wave transmission with various polarization directions. This study supports the feasibility of estimating parameters of soft fibrous tissues with two unequal fiber families in vivo from local shear wave speeds and advances the prospects for the mechanical characterization of such biological tissues by MRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Ruth J Okamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Matthew D J McGarry
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Philip V Bayly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Ngo HHP, Andrade R, Brum J, Benech N, Chatelin S, Loumeaud A, Frappart T, Fraschini C, Nordez A, Gennisson JL. In plane quantification of in vivomuscle elastic anisotropy factor by steered ultrasound pushing beams. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:045013. [PMID: 38262052 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad21a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Skeletal muscles are organized into distinct layers and exhibit anisotropic characteristics across various scales. Assessing the arrangement of skeletal muscles may provide valuable biomarkers for diagnosing muscle-related pathologies and evaluating the efficacy of clinical interventions.Approach. In this study, we propose a novel ultrafast ultrasound sequence constituted of steered pushing beams was proposed for ultrasound elastography applications in transverse isotropic muscle. Based on the propagation of the shear wave vertical mode, it is possible to fit the experimental results to retrieve in the same imaging plane, the shear modulus parallel to fibers as well as the elastic anisotropy factor (ratio of Young's moduli times the shear modulus perpendicular to fibers).Main results. The technique was demonstratedin vitroin phantoms andex vivoin fusiform beef muscles. At last, the technique was appliedin vivoon fusiform muscles (biceps brachii) and mono-pennate muscles (gastrocnemius medialis) during stretching and contraction.Significance. This novel sequence provides access to new structural and mechanical biomarkers of muscle tissue, including the elastic anisotropy factor, within the same imaging plane. Additionally, it enables the investigation of multiples parameters during muscle active and passive length changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hien-Phuong Ngo
- Laboratoire d'imagerie médicale multimodale, BioMaps, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
| | - Ricardo Andrade
- Nantes Université, Mouvement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Javier Brum
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolas Benech
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Simon Chatelin
- ICube, CNRS UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aude Loumeaud
- ICube, CNRS UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Nordez
- Nantes Université, Mouvement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- Laboratoire d'imagerie médicale multimodale, BioMaps, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
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Ngo HHP, Andrade RJ, Lancelot J, Loumeaud A, Cornu C, Nordez A, Chatelin S, Gennisson JL. Unravelling anisotropic nonlinear shear elasticity in muscles: Towards a non-invasive assessment of stress in living organisms. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106325. [PMID: 38150816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Acoustoelasticity theory describes propagation of shear waves in uniaxially stressed medium and allows the retrieval of nonlinear elastic coefficients of tissues. In transverse isotropic medium such as muscles the theory leads to 9 different configurations of propagating shear waves (stress axis vs. fibers axis vs. shear wave polarization axis vs. shear wave propagation axis). In this work we propose to use 4 configurations to quantify these nonlinear parameters ex vivo and in vivo. Ex vivo experiments combining ultrasound shear wave elastography and mechanical testing were conducted on iliopsoas pig muscles to quantify three third-order nonlinear coefficients A, H and K that are possibly linked to the architectural structure of muscles. In vivo experiments were performed with human volunteers on biceps brachii during a stretching exercise on an ergometer. A combination of the third order nonlinear elastic parameters was assessed. The knowledge of this nonlinear elastic parameters paves the way to quantify in vivo the local forces produced by muscle during exercise, contraction or movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Hien Phuong Ngo
- Laboratoire d'imagerie biomédicale multimodale (BioMaps), University Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS UMR 9011, Inserm UMR 1281, Orsay, F-91401, France
| | - Ricardo J Andrade
- Mouvement Interactions Performance (MIP), University of Nantes, UR 4334, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Juliette Lancelot
- Mouvement Interactions Performance (MIP), University of Nantes, UR 4334, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Aude Loumeaud
- Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Corentin Cornu
- Laboratoire d'imagerie biomédicale multimodale (BioMaps), University Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS UMR 9011, Inserm UMR 1281, Orsay, F-91401, France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Mouvement Interactions Performance (MIP), University of Nantes, UR 4334, F-44000, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Simon Chatelin
- Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- Laboratoire d'imagerie biomédicale multimodale (BioMaps), University Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS UMR 9011, Inserm UMR 1281, Orsay, F-91401, France.
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Götschi T, Snedeker JG, Fitze DP, Sarto F, Spörri J, Franchi MV. Three-dimensional mapping of ultrasound-derived skeletal muscle shear wave velocity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1330301. [PMID: 38179131 PMCID: PMC10764491 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1330301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mechanical properties of skeletal muscle are indicative of its capacity to perform physical work, state of disease, or risk of injury. Ultrasound shear wave elastography conducts a quantitative analysis of a tissue's shear stiffness, but current implementations only provide two-dimensional measurements with limited spatial extent. We propose and assess a framework to overcome this inherent limitation by acquiring numerous and contiguous measurements while tracking the probe position to create a volumetric scan of the muscle. This volume reconstruction is then mapped into a parameterized representation in reference to geometric and anatomical properties of the muscle. Such an approach allows to quantify regional differences in muscle stiffness to be identified across the entire muscle volume assessed, which could be linked to functional implications. Methods: We performed shear wave elastography measurements on the vastus lateralis (VL) and the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) muscle of 16 healthy volunteers. We assessed test-retest reliability, explored the potential of the proposed framework in aggregating measurements of multiple subjects, and studied the acute effects of muscular contraction on the regional shear wave velocity post-measured at rest. Results: The proposed approach yielded moderate to good reliability (ICC between 0.578 and 0.801). Aggregation of multiple subject measurements revealed considerable but consistent regional variations in shear wave velocity. As a result of muscle contraction, the shear wave velocity was elevated in various regions of the muscle; showing pre-to-post regional differences for the radial assessement of VL and longitudinally for BFlh. Post-contraction shear wave velocity was associated with maximum eccentric hamstring strength produced during six Nordic hamstring exercise repetitions. Discussion and Conclusion: The presented approach provides reliable, spatially resolved representations of skeletal muscle shear wave velocity and is capable of detecting changes in three-dimensional shear wave velocity patterns, such as those induced by muscle contraction. The observed systematic inter-subject variations in shear wave velocity throughout skeletal muscle additionally underline the necessity of accurate spatial referencing of measurements. Short high-effort exercise bouts increase muscle shear wave velocity. Further studies should investigate the potential of shear wave elastography in predicting the muscle's capacity to perform work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Götschi
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sports Medical Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P. Fitze
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sports Medical Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Sarto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sports Medical Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martino V. Franchi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sports Medical Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Kempfert DJ, Mitchell K, Brewer W, Bickley C, Mandel G. Reliability of lower leg muscle elasticity using shear wave elastography in non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2023; 73:102813. [PMID: 37666036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscle elasticity can be quantified with shear wave elastography (SWE) and has been used as an estimate of muscle force but reliability has not been established for lower leg muscles. The purpose of this study was to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of elasticity measures in non-weight-bearing (NWB) and weight-bearing (WB) for the tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), peroneal longus (PL), and peroneal brevis (PB) muscles using SWE. METHODS A total of 109 recreationally active healthy adults participated. The study employed a single-cohort, same-day repeated-measures test-retest design. Elasticity, measured in kilopascals as the Young's modulus, was converted to the shear modulus. All four muscles were measured in NWB and at 90% WB. RESULTS Intra-rater reliability estimates were good to excellent for NWB (ICC = 0.930-0.988) and WB (ICC = 0.877-0.978) measures. Inter-rater reliability estimates were moderate to good (ICC = 0.500-0.795) for NWB measures and poor to good (ICC = 0.346-0.910) for WB measures. CONCLUSION Despite the studies poor to good inter-rater variability, the intra-rater reproducibility represents the potential benefit of SWE in NWB and WB. Establishing the reliability of SWE with clinical and biomechanical approaches may aid in improved understanding of the mechanical properties of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kempfert
- College of Rehabilitative Sciences, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, St. Augustine, FL, United States.
| | - Katy Mitchell
- College of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wayne Brewer
- College of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina Bickley
- College of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Garrett Mandel
- College of Rehabilitative Sciences, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, St. Augustine, FL, United States
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Nakao G, Kodesho T, Kato T, Yokoyama Y, Saito Y, Ohsaki Y, Watanabe K, Katayose M, Taniguchi K. Relationship between shear elastic modulus and passive muscle force in human hamstring muscles using a Thiel soft-embalmed cadaver. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2023; 50:275-283. [PMID: 37170041 PMCID: PMC10954965 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-023-01317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing muscle flexibility and architecture is important for hamstring strain injury (HSI) prevention. We investigated the relationship between shear modulus and passive force in hamstring muscles at different sites and the effect of muscle architecture on the slope of the shear modulus-passive force using shear wave elastography (SWE). METHODS The biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were dissected from nine Thiel-embalmed cadavers and fixed to a custom-made mechanical testing machine. Calibrated weights (0-1800 g) were applied gradually in 150-g increments. The shear modulus and anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) were measured at proximal, central, and distal points using SWE. The muscle mass and length were measured before the loading test. The shear modulus-passive load relationship of each tested muscle region was analyzed by fitting a least-squares regression line. The increase in shear modulus slope per unit load was calculated and compared between the muscles before and after normalization by the muscle mass, length, and ACSA. RESULTS The shear modulus and passive force for all hamstring muscles in each region showed a statistically significant linear correlation. Furthermore, the increase in shear modulus slope was greater for BFlh and ST than for SM (P < 0.05), but after normalization by the muscle length and ACSA, there were no significant differences among the muscles. CONCLUSION The local mechanical properties of individual hamstring muscles can be indirectly estimated using SWE, and the slope of increase in shear modulus reflects characteristics of the muscle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Professional Post-Secondary Course (Physical Therapist), Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hitsujigaoka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Heiseikai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- First Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
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9
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Kato T, Taniguchi K, Kodesho T, Nakao G, Yokoyama Y, Saito Y, Katayose M. Quantifying the shear modulus of the adductor longus muscle during hip joint motion using shear wave elastography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9510. [PMID: 37308569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effect of the hip flexion angle on the shear modulus of the adductor longus (AL) muscle associated with passive hip abduction and rotation. Sixteen men participated in the study. For the hip abduction task, the hip flexion angles used were - 20, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°, and the hip abduction angles were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40°. For the hip rotation task, the hip flexion angles used were - 20, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°, hip abduction angles were 0 and 40°, and hip rotation angles were 20° internal rotation, 0° rotation, and 20° external rotation. The shear modulus at 20° extension was significantly higher than that at 80° flexion for the 10, 20, 30 and 40° hip abduction (i.e., P < 0.05). The shear modulus at 20° internal rotation and 20° extension was significantly higher than that at 0° rotation and 20° external rotation, regardless of the hip abduction angle (i.e., P < 0.05). The mechanical stress of the AL muscle associated with hip abduction was higher in the extended position. Furthermore, the mechanical stress could increase with internal rotation only at the hip-extended position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Bernabei M, Lee SSM, Perreault EJ, Sandercock TG. Axial stress determines the velocity of shear wave propagation in passive but not active muscles in vivo. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:941-950. [PMID: 36861673 PMCID: PMC10069958 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00125.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to characterize mechanical properties of unstressed tissue by measuring shear wave velocity (SWV), which increases with increasing tissue stiffness. Measurements of SWV have often been assumed to be directly related to the stiffness of muscle. Some have also used measures of SWV to estimate stress, since muscle stiffness and stress covary during active contractions, but few have considered the direct influence of muscle stress on SWV. Rather, it is often assumed that stress alters the material properties of muscle, and in turn, shear wave propagation. The objective of this study was to determine how well the theoretical dependency of SWV on stress can account for measured changes of SWV in passive and active muscles. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats; three soleus muscles and three medial gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle stress and stiffness were measured directly along with SWV. Measurements were made across a range of passively and actively generated stresses, obtained by varying muscle length and activation, which was controlled by stimulating the sciatic nerve. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness. Our results demonstrate that while SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stress and activation, there is not a unique relationship between SWV and either of these quantities when considered in isolation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ultrasound shear wave elastography may be an inexpensive way to measure muscle stress in passive muscle. Here, using a cat model we directly measured shear wave velocity (SWV), muscle stress, and muscle stiffness. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernabei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sabrina S M Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Thomas G Sandercock
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Kodesho T, Kato T, Nakao G, Yokoyama Y, Saito Y, Watanabe K, Ohsaki Y, Katayose M, Taniguchi K. Effects of superficial tissue and intermuscular connections on rectus femoris muscle shear modulus heterogeneity. J Ultrasound 2023:10.1007/s40477-022-00769-x. [PMID: 36749499 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intramuscular heterogeneity exists in the shear modulus of the rectus femoris (RF) muscle. However, the underlying heterogeneity mechanisms are not entirely understood. Previous research has reported that detachment of superficial tissues reduces the shear modulus by 50%. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the skin, deep fascia, and intermuscular connections on the shear modulus of the RF at multiple sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven donors were fixed using the Thiel method. Measurements were performed at 0°, 60°, and 120° knee flexion in a neutral hip position. Tissue processing was performed under four conditions: superficial tissue (CONT), skin off (SKIN), deep fascia detachment (FASC), and intermuscular connections detachment (ALL). The shear modulus at the proximal, central, and distal regions were measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The study was approved by the Sapporo Medical University Ethical Committee. RESULTS Three-way ANOVA revealed no significant interaction between treatment, site, and angle (P = 0.156), treatment and angle (P = 0.067), or site and angle (P = 0.441). There was a significant effect of treatment (P < 0.001), site (P = 0.010), and angle (P < 0.001) and interaction between treatment and site (P < 0.001). The proximal shear modulus was greater than the central for CONT. There were no significant differences between the measurement sites for SKIN. The distal shear modulus was greater than the proximal for FASC. The distal shear modulus was also greater than the proximal and central for ALL. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular regional differences that influence superficial tissue and intermuscular connections of RF elasticity heterogeneity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Professional Post-Secondary Course (Physical Therapist), Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare, and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, West 17, South 1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- First Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, West 17, South 1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- First Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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12
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Roots J, Trajano GS, Drovandi C, Fontanarosa D. Variability of Biceps Muscle Stiffness Measured Using Shear Wave Elastography at Different Anatomical Locations With Different Ultrasound Machines. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:398-409. [PMID: 36266142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave elastography is an emerging diagnostic tool used to assess for changes in the stiffness of muscle. Each region of the muscle may have a different stiffness; therefore, the anatomical region should be carefully selected. Machine vendors each have unique methods for calculating the returned stiffness values and, consequently, a high level of agreement in measurement between machines (quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] and Bland-Altman analysis) will allow research findings to be translated to the clinic. This study assessed three locations within the biceps muscle (50% and 75% of the distance between the acromioclavicular joint and antecubital fossa, and superior to distal myotendinous junction [MTJ]) of 32 healthy volunteers with two different machines, the Canon Aplio i600 and SuperSonic Imagine Aixplorer (SSI), to compare the reported shear wave velocities and the variability by coefficient of variation (CV) and ICC. There was no difference in the CV between machines, but a significant difference in the CV at muscle regions, with the 75% location having a 40.2% reduction in CV. The 75% location had the highest ICC values with good posterior mean ICCs of 0.84 on the Canon and 0.83 on the SSI. The 50% and MTJ locations had poor ICC values. The 75% location provided the lowest CV and highest ICC and should be used for future stiffness assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Roots
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Drovandi
- Centre of Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Götschi T, Schärer Y, Gennisson JL, Snedeker JG. Investigation of the relationship between tensile viscoelasticity and unloaded ultrasound shear wave measurements in ex vivo tendon. J Biomech 2023; 146:111411. [PMID: 36509025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of biological tissues are of key importance for proper function and in situ methods for mechanical characterization are sought after in the context of both medical diagnosis as well as understanding of pathophysiological processes. Shear wave elastography (SWE) and accompanying physical modelling methods provide valid estimates of stiffness in quasi-linear viscoelastic, isotropic tissue but suffer from limitations in assessing non-linear viscoelastic or anisotropic material, such as tendon. Indeed, mathematical modelling predicts the longitudinal shear wave velocity to be unaffected by the tensile but rather the shear viscoelasticity. Here, we employ a heuristic experimental testing approach to the problem to assess the most important potential confounders, namely tendon mass density and diameter, and to investigate associations between tendon tensile viscoelasticity with shear wave descriptors. Small oscillatory testing of animal flexor tendons at two baseline stress levels over a large frequency range comprehensively characterized tensile viscoelastic behavior. A broad set of shear wave descriptors was retrieved on the unloaded tendon based on high frame-rate plane wave ultrasound after applying an acoustic deformation impulse. Tensile modulus and strain energy dissipation increased logarithmically and linearly, respectively, with the frequency of the applied strain. Shear wave descriptors were mostly unaffected by tendon diameter but were highly sensitive to tendon mass density. Shear wave group and phase velocity showed no association with tensile elasticity or strain rate-stiffening but did show an association with tensile strain energy dissipation. The longitudinal shear wave velocity may not characterize tensile elasticity but rather tensile viscous properties of transversely isotropic collagenous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Götschi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Ngo HHP, Poulard T, Brum J, Gennisson JL. Anisotropy in ultrasound shear wave elastography: An add-on to muscles characterization. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1000612. [PMID: 36246132 PMCID: PMC9554096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound shear wave elastography was developed the past decade, bringing new stiffness biomarker in clinical practice. This biomarker reveals to be of primarily importance for the diagnosis of breast cancer or liver fibrosis. In muscle this biomarker become much more complex due to the nature of the muscle itself: an anisotropic medium. In this manuscript we depict the underlying theory of propagating waves in such anisotropic medium. Then we present the available methods that can consider and quantify this parameter. Advantages and drawbacks are discussed to open the way to imagine new methods that can free this biomarker in a daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hien-Phuong Ngo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Médicale Multimodale à Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Poulard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Médicale Multimodale à Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Javier Brum
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jean- Luc Gennisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Médicale Multimodale à Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- *Correspondence: Jean- Luc Gennisson,
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15
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Kato T, Taniguchi K, Kodesho T, Nakao G, Yokoyama Y, Saito Y, Katayose M. Adductor longus: An anatomical study to better understand groin pain. Clin Anat 2022; 35:867-872. [PMID: 35393703 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the shear modulus-passive force relationship in the hip adductor longus (AL) muscles of human cadavers and explored the effect of muscle architecture on the elastic properties of the AL muscle using shear wave elastography (SWE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine AL muscles were harvested from a soft, embalmed cadaver. The AL muscles were affixed to a custom-built device comprising two clamps, a pulley, and a cable to provide passive loads, which were increased from 0 to 600 g in 60-g increments. The shear modulus of the AL muscle was measured in the proximal (Pro), middle (Mid), and distal (Dis) regions. The masses and anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACSAs) of the AL muscles were measured. The shear modulus-passive load relationship of each tested muscle region was analyzed by fitting a least-squares regression line. Moreover, the rate of increase in the shear modulus per unit load (s) was calculated. RESULTS The shear modulus and passive force were linearly correlated for all AL muscles in each region (P<0.01). The mean coefficients of determination (R2 ) for Pro, Mid, and Dis were 0.989, 0.986, and 0.982, respectively. The rate of increase in the shear modulus per unit load significantly correlated with the reciprocal of the muscle mass (r=0.77, P=0.02) and ACSA (r=0.43, P=0.03). CONCLUSION Shear wave elastography can be used as an indirect measure of passive force in any region of the AL muscle. Additionally, the rate of increase in the shear modulus per unit load could be associated with muscle architectural parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Cipriano KJ, Wickstrom J, Glicksman M, Hirth L, Farrell M, Livinski AA, Attaripour Esfahani S, Maldonado RJ, Astrow J, Berrigan WA, Piergies AM, Hobson-Webb LD, Alter KE. A scoping review of methods used in musculoskeletal soft tissue and nerve shear wave elastography studies. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 140:181-195. [PMID: 35659822 PMCID: PMC9394639 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review of shear wave elastography (SWE) articles in musculoskeletal soft tissue and nerve research demonstrates methodological heterogeneity resulting from a lack of standardized data collection and reporting requirements. Seven literature databases were searched for original articles published in English from 2004-2020 that examine human skeletal muscles, tendons, and nerves in vivo. Although 5,868 records were initially identified, only 375 reports met inclusion criteria. Of the 375 articles, 260 examined 89 unique muscles, 94 examined 14 unique tendons, and 43 examined 8 unique nerves. Cohorts were often small (n = 11-20) and young (mean = 20-29 years), and participants were typically tested in the prone position. Regarding equipment, a variety of ultrasound systems (n = 11), ultrasound models (n = 18), and transducers (n = 19) were identified. Only 11% of articles contained information on the use of electromyography to confirm absence of muscle activity, and only 8% reported measurement depth. Since musculoskeletal soft tissue and nerve stiffness can vary significantly based on data collection methods, it is essential to standardize SWE collection and reporting procedures. This will allow SWE to serve as a valid and reproducible tool for assessing tissue pathology, disease progression, and response to intervention within a variety of musculoskeletal and nerve-related disorders.
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17
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Singh M, Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Introduction to optical coherence elastography: tutorial. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:418-430. [PMID: 35297425 PMCID: PMC10052825 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.444808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has seen rapid growth since its introduction in 1998. The past few decades have seen tremendous advancements in the development of OCE technology and a wide range of applications, including the first clinical applications. This tutorial introduces the basics of solid mechanics, which form the foundation of all elastography methods. We then describe how OCE measurements of tissue motion can be used to quantify tissue biomechanical parameters. We also detail various types of excitation methods, imaging systems, acquisition schemes, and data processing algorithms and how various parameters associated with each step of OCE imaging can affect the final quantitation of biomechanical properties. Finally, we discuss the future of OCE, its potential, and the next steps required for OCE to become an established medical imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Fernando Zvietcovich
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, San Miguel, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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18
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Xu GX, Chen PY, Jiang X, Huang CC. Visualization of Human Skeletal Muscle Anisotropy by Using Dual-Direction Shear Wave Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2745-2754. [PMID: 35192460 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound (US) shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) is a mature technique for diagnosing the elasticity of isotropic tissues. However, the elasticity of anisotropic tissues, such as muscle and tendon, cannot be diagnosed correctly using SWEI because the shear wave velocity (SWV) varies with tissue fiber orientations. Recently, SWEI has been studied for measuring the anisotropic properties of muscles by rotating the transducer; however, this is difficult for clinical practice. METHODS In this study, a novel dual-direction shear wave imaging (DDSWI) technique was proposed for visualizing the mechanical anisotropy of muscles without rotation. Longitudinal and transverse shear waves were created by a specially designed external vibrator and supersonic pushing beam, respectively; the SWVs were then tracked using ultrafast US imaging. Subsequently, the SWV maps of two directions were obtained at the same scanning cross section, and the mechanical anisotropy was represented as the ratio between them at each pixel. RESULTS The performance of DDSWI was verified using a standard phantom, and human experiments were performed on the gastrocnemius and biceps brachii. Experimental results of phantom revealed DDSWI exhibited a high precision of <0.81 % and a low bias of <3.88 % in SWV measurements. The distribution of anisotropic properties in muscle was visualized with the anisotropic ratios of 1.54 and 2.27 for the gastrocnemius and biceps brachii, respectively. CONCLUSION The results highlight the potential of this novel anisotropic imaging in clinical applications because the conditions of musculoskeletal fiber orientation can be easily and accurately evaluated in real time by DDSWI.
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19
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Knight AE, Trutna CA, Rouze NC, Hobson-Webb LD, Caenen A, Jin FQ, Palmeri ML, Nightingale KR. Full Characterization of in vivo Muscle as an Elastic, Incompressible, Transversely Isotropic Material Using Ultrasonic Rotational 3D Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:133-144. [PMID: 34415833 PMCID: PMC8754054 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) setup, 3D shear wave data were acquired in the vastus lateralis of a healthy volunteer. The innate tilt between the transducer face and the muscle fibers results in the excitation of multiple shear wave modes, allowing for more complete characterization of muscle as an elastic, incompressible, transversely isotropic (ITI) material. The ability to measure both the shear vertical (SV) and shear horizontal (SH) wave speed allows for measurement of three independent parameters needed for full ITI material characterization: the longitudinal shear modulus μL , the transverse shear modulus μT , and the tensile anisotropy χE . Herein we develop and validate methodology to estimate these parameters and measure them in vivo, with μL = 5.77±1.00 kPa, μT = 1.93±0.41 kPa (giving shear anisotropy χμ = 2.11±0.92 ), and χE = 4.67±1.40 in a relaxed vastus lateralis muscle. We also demonstrate that 3D SWEI can be used to more accurately characterize muscle mechanical properties as compared to 2D SWEI.
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20
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Effect of chest mobilization on intercostal muscle stiffness. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:429-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Wave-based optical coherence elastography: The 10-year perspective. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:012007. [PMID: 35187403 PMCID: PMC8856668 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ac4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After 10 years of progress and innovation, optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on the propagation of mechanical waves has become one of the major and the most studied OCE branches, producing a fundamental impact in the quantitative and nondestructive biomechanical characterization of tissues. Preceding previous progress made in ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography; wave-based OCE has pushed to the limit the advance of three major pillars: (1) implementation of novel wave excitation methods in tissues, (2) understanding new types of mechanical waves in complex boundary conditions by proposing advance analytical and numerical models, and (3) the development of novel estimators capable of retrieving quantitative 2D/3D biomechanical information of tissues. This remarkable progress promoted a major advance in answering basic science questions and the improvement of medical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in several types of tissues leading, ultimately, to the first attempts of clinical trials and translational research aiming to have wave-based OCE working in clinical environments. This paper summarizes the fundamental up-to-date principles and categories of wave-based OCE, revises the timeline and the state-of-the-art techniques and applications lying in those categories, and concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and future directions, including clinical translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zvietcovich
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204,
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22
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Bied M, Gennisson JL. Acoustoelasticity in transversely isotropic soft tissues: Quantification of muscle nonlinear elasticity. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:4489. [PMID: 34972304 DOI: 10.1121/10.0008976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of elastography aim at developing the quantification of new mechanical properties of tissues, that are complementary to the shear modulus, which is characteristic of the linear elastic properties of a quasi-incompressible medium. In this context, measurement of the elastic nonlinearity of tissues was recently proposed based on acoustoelasticity. Up to now, most of the experimental applications of acoustoelasticity theory using Landau formalism in human tissues have assumed isotropy. However, this strong hypothesis does not hold in all human tissues, such as muscles that are generally considered as transversely isotropic (TI). In this work, after reviewing the constraints imposed by TI symmetry on the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of TI media, the acoustoelasticity theory in TI incompressible media is developed and implemented experimentally on a TI polyvinyl alcohol phantom and on ex vivo muscular tissues. Based on this theory and on the evolutions of the shear wave speed, with respect to uniaxial static stress, the nonlinear elastic parameter A is experimentally quantified. The estimations of A in ex vivo bovine and porcine muscles are on the order of hundreds of kPa. This work paves the way for more thorough muscle mechanical properties characterization as well as for the development of a potential new biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bied
- BioMaps, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale à Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS UMR 9011, INSERM UMR 1281, 4 Place du général Leclerc, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- BioMaps, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale à Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS UMR 9011, INSERM UMR 1281, 4 Place du général Leclerc, 91401, Orsay, France
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23
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Blank JL, Thelen DG, Allen MS, Roth JD. Sensitivity of the shear wave speed-stress relationship to soft tissue material properties and fiber alignment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104964. [PMID: 34800889 PMCID: PMC8666097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of shear wave propagation to noninvasively measure material properties and loading in tendons and ligaments is a growing area of interest in biomechanics. Prior models and experiments suggest that shear wave speed primarily depends on the apparent shear modulus (i.e., shear modulus accounting for contributions from all constituents) at low loads, and then increases with axial stress when axially loaded. However, differences in the magnitudes of shear wave speeds between ligaments and tendons, which have different substructures, suggest that the tissue's composition and fiber alignment may also affect shear wave propagation. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to (1) characterize changes in the apparent shear modulus induced by variations in constitutive properties and fiber alignment, and (2) determine the sensitivity of the shear wave speed-stress relationship to variations in constitutive properties and fiber alignment. To enable systematic variations of both constitutive properties and fiber alignment, we developed a finite element model that represented an isotropic ground matrix with an embedded fiber distribution. Using this model, we performed dynamic simulations of shear wave propagation at axial strains from 0% to 10%. We characterized the shear wave speed-stress relationship using a simple linear regression between shear wave speed squared and axial stress, which is based on an analytical relationship derived from a tensioned beam model. We found that predicted shear wave speeds were both in-range with shear wave speeds in previous in vivo and ex vivo studies, and strongly correlated with the axial stress (R2 = 0.99). The slope of the squared shear wave speed-axial stress relationship was highly sensitive to changes in tissue density. Both the intercept of this relationship and the apparent shear modulus were sensitive to both the shear modulus of the ground matrix and the stiffness of the fibers' toe-region when the fibers were less well-aligned to the loading direction. We also determined that the tensioned beam model overpredicted the axial tissue stress with increasing load when the model had less well-aligned fibers. This indicates that the shear wave speed increases likely in response to a load-dependent increase in the apparent shear modulus. Our findings suggest that researchers may need to consider both the material and structural properties (i.e., fiber alignment) of tendon and ligament when measuring shear wave speeds in pathological tissues or tissues with less well-aligned fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon L. Blank
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Darryl G. Thelen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew S. Allen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Joshua D. Roth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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24
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Koppenhaver SL, Weaver AM, Randall TL, Hollins RJ, Young BA, Hebert JJ, Proulx L, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Effect of dry needling on lumbar muscle stiffness in patients with low back pain: A double blind, randomized controlled trial using shear wave elastography. J Man Manip Ther 2021; 30:154-164. [PMID: 34525901 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2021.1977069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dry needling treatment focuses on restoring normal muscle function in patients with musculoskeletal pain; however, little research has investigated this assertion. Shear wave elastography (SWE) allows quantification of individual muscle function by estimating both resting and contracted muscle stiffness.Objective: To compare the effects of dry needling to sham dry needling on lumbar muscle stiffness in individuals with low back pain (LBP) using SWE.Methods: Sixty participants with LBP were randomly allocated to receive one session of dry needling or sham dry needling treatment to the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles on the most painful side and spinal level. Stiffness (shear modulus) of the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles was assessed using SWE at rest and during submaximal contraction before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 1 week later. Treatment effects were estimated using linear mixed models.Results: After 1 week, resting erector spinae muscle stiffness was lower in individuals who received dry needling than those that received sham dry needling. All other between-groups differences in muscle stiffness were similar, but non-significant.Conclusion: Dry needling appears to reduce resting erector spinae muscle following treatment of patients with LBP. Therefore, providers should consider the use of dry needling when patients exhibit aberrant stiffness of the lumbar muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L Koppenhaver
- Physical Therapy Department, Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Amelia M Weaver
- Army Medical Center of Excellence, U.S. Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tyler L Randall
- Army Medical Center of Excellence, U.S. Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan J Hollins
- Army Medical Center of Excellence, U.S. Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Brian A Young
- Physical Therapy Department, Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hebert
- University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Kinesiology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, CAN
| | - Laurel Proulx
- Murdoch University, Scholl of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Cesar Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Urjc), Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Gachon B, Fritel X, Pierre F, Nordez A. Transperineal ultrasound shear-wave elastography is a reliable tool for assessment of the elastic properties of the levator ani muscle in women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15532. [PMID: 34330975 PMCID: PMC8324884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our main objective was to assess the intraoperator intersession reproducibility of transperineal ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) to measure the levator ani muscle (LAM) elastic properties. Secondary objective was to compare reproducibility when considering the mean of three consecutives measurements versus one. In this prospective study involving non-pregnant nulliparous women, two visits were planned, with a measurement of the shear modulus (SM) on the right LAM at rest, during Valsalva maneuver and maximal contraction. Assessments were done with a transperineal approach, using an AIXPLORER device with a linear SL 18–5 (5-18 MHz) probe. For each condition, 3 consecutive measures were performed at each visit. The mean of the three measures, then the first one, were considered for the reproducibility by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient of variation (CV). Twenty women were included. Reproducibility was excellent when considering the mean of the 3 measures at rest (ICC = 0.90; CV = 15.7%) and Valsalva maneuver (ICC = 0.94; CV = 10.6%), or the first of the three measures at rest (ICC = 0.87; CV = 18.6%) and Valsalva maneuver (ICC = 0.84; CV = 19.9%). Reproducibility was fair for measurement during contraction. Transperineal ultrasound SWE is a reliable tool to investigate LAM elastic properties at rest and during Valsalva maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Gachon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poitiers University Hospital, 2, rue de la Miletrie, 86000, Poitiers, France. .,Université de Nantes, Mouvement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, EA4334, 44000, Nantes, France. .,INSERM CIC 1402, Poitiers University, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France.
| | - Xavier Fritel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poitiers University Hospital, 2, rue de la Miletrie, 86000, Poitiers, France.,INSERM CIC 1402, Poitiers University, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poitiers University Hospital, 2, rue de la Miletrie, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Université de Nantes, Mouvement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, EA4334, 44000, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Muscle elasticity in patients with neonatal brachial plexus palsy using shear-wave ultrasound elastography. Preliminary results. J Pediatr Orthop B 2021; 30:385-392. [PMID: 34031322 DOI: 10.1097/bpb.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is a noninvasive, reliable and reproducible method, used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tissues. The aim of this study was to compare muscle elasticity between the healthy and the involved sides in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) using the elastography tool and to assess whether the difference was correlated with the Mallet grading system. We repeatedly measured the shear modulus coefficient of several muscles around the shoulder in stretched or passively relaxed positions on 14 patients. We evaluated the abductor muscles (supraspinatus and deltoid), the infraspinatus, the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi. We found a mean shear modulus significantly higher in most studied muscles in the pathologic side (P < 0.001), especially in the stretched position (P < 0.001). Moreover, the shear modulus increases with the degradation of the Mallet score for the abduction and external rotation tasks. SWE seems to be a reliable and reproducible tool to assess muscle elasticity in NBPP.
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Umehara J, Nakamura M, Saeki J, Tanaka H, Yanase K, Fujita K, Yamagata M, Ichihashi N. Acute and Prolonged Effects of Stretching on Shear Modulus of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:17-25. [PMID: 33707982 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased muscle stiffness of the pectoralis minor (PMi) could deteriorate shoulder function. Stretching is useful for maintaining and improving muscle stiffness in rehabilitation and sport practice. However, the acute and prolonged effect of stretching on the PMi muscle stiffness is unclear due to limited methodology for assessing individual muscle stiffness. Using shear wave elastography, we explored the responses of shear modulus to stretching in the PMi over time. The first experiment (n = 20) aimed to clarify the acute change in the shear modulus during stretching. The shear modulus was measured at intervals of 30 s × 10 sets. The second experiment (n = 16) aimed to observe and compare the prolonged effect of different durations of stretching on the shear modulus. Short and long stretching duration groups underwent 30s × 1 set and 30s × 10 sets, respectively. The assessments of shear modulus were conducted before, immediately after, and at 5, 10, and 15 min post-stretching. In experiment I, the shear modulus decreased immediately after a bout (30 s) of stretching (p < 0.001, change: -2.3 kPa, effect size: r = 0.72) and further decreased after 3 repetitions (i.e., 90 s) of stretching (p = 0.03, change: -1.0 kPa, effect size: r = 0.53). In experiment II, the change in the shear modulus after stretching was greater in the long duration group than in the short duration group (p = 0.013, group mean difference: -2.5 kPa, partial η 2 = 0.36). The shear modulus of PMi decreased immediately after stretching, and stretching for a long duration was promising to maintain the decreased shear modulus. The acute and prolonged effects on the PMi shear modulus provide information relevant to minimum and persistent stretching time in rehabilitation and sport practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Umehara
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junya Saeki
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ko Yanase
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujita
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Momoko Yamagata
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Kodesho T, Taniguchi K, Kato T, Mizoguchi S, Yamakoshi Y, Watanabe K, Fujimiya M, Katayose M. Relationship between shear elastic modulus and passive force of the human rectus femoris at multiple sites: a Thiel soft-embalmed cadaver study. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2021; 48:115-121. [PMID: 33576917 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-020-01076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estimation of muscle passive force from elasticity using shear wave elastography (SWE) has been reported. However, the relationship between the elasticity and passive force of human muscles has not been elucidated. This study investigated the elastic modulus-passive force relationship in human skeletal muscles at multiple sites. METHODS Four rectus femoris (RF) muscles were dissected from a human Thiel-embalmed cadaver. Calibration weights (0-600 g in 60-g increments) were applied to the distal tendon via a pulley system, and the shear elastic modulus as an index of elasticity was measured using SWE. The shear elastic modulus of the RF was measured at the proximal, central, and distal portions. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the relationships between the elasticity in the longitudinal direction of the muscle and the passive force were nearly linear for all tested sites, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.813 to 0.993. CONCLUSION Shear wave elastography may be used as an indirect method to measure the changing passive force at any site within human muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, West 17, South 1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shougo Mizoguchi
- Second Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kota Watanabe
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, West 17, South 1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Second Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, West 17, South 1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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29
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Kato T, Taniguchi K, Kikukawa D, Kodesho T, Katayose M. Effect of hip flexion angle on stiffness of the adductor longus muscle during isometric hip flexion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 56:102493. [PMID: 33227524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of hip flexion angle on the stiffness of the adductor longus (AL) muscle during isometric hip flexion. Seventeen men were recruited. Ten participants performed submaximal voluntary contraction at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) during isometric hip flexion after performing MVC at 0°, 40°, and 80° of hip flexion. Seven participants performed submaximal voluntary tasks during isometric hip extension in addition to hip flexion task. The shear modulus of the AL muscle was used as the index of muscle stiffness, and was measured using ultrasound shear-wave elastography during the tasks at each contraction intensity for each hip flexion angle. During hip flexion, the shear modulus of the AL muscle was higher at 0° than at 40° and 80° of hip flexion at each contraction intensity (p < 0.016). Conversely, a significant effect was not found among hip flexion angle during hip extension at 75% of MVC (p = 0.867). These results suggest that mechanical stress of the AL muscle may be higher at 0° of hip flexion during isometric hip flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kikukawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Japan; Graduate School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Japan
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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30
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Young BA, Koppenhaver SL, Timo-Dondoyano RM, Baumann K, Scheirer VF, Wolff A, Sutlive TG, Elliott JM. Ultrasound shear wave elastography measurement of the deep posterior cervical muscles: Reliability and ability to differentiate between muscle contraction states. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 56:102488. [PMID: 33189075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep posterior cervical muscles (DPCM), specifically the semispinalis cervicis and cervical multifidus, are often impaired in patients with neck disorders and have been assessed by several imaging techniques. Prior ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging and reliability assessments of the DPCM were performed utilizing similar positioning as assessments for the more superficial cervical extensors. Our objectives were to describe an SWE imaging technique for the DPCM, establish intra-rater reliability of DPCM SWE, and compare DPCM shear modulus during rest and submaximal contraction in both prone and seated positions in individuals without spinal pain. In sixteen participants, the DPCM was located using B-mode ultrasound, then muscle shear modulus was assessed via SWE at both rest and with contraction against a 2-kg resistance applied at the C2 spinous process. Within-day intra-rater reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.70-0.88). The DPCM were stiffer during contraction than at rest in the prone position (p = 0.002), and at rest in sitting versus at rest in prone (p = 0.003). Further research is needed to assess DPCM-specific SWE in symptomatic individuals and compare DPCM shear modulus to electromyography across contraction intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Young
- Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Waco, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Katrina Baumann
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa F Scheirer
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Axel Wolff
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G Sutlive
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James M Elliott
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences, & the Northern Sydney Local Health District, The Kolling Research Institute, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Chang CH, Huang CC, Wang YH, Chou FJ, Chen JW. Ultrasound Shear-Wave Elastography of the Tongue in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1658-1669. [PMID: 32402674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic breathing disorder characterized by intermittent sleep state-dependent upper airway (UA) collapse. The tongue comprises the primary UA dilator muscle and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of OSA. We examined whether tongue stiffness measurement using ultrasound (US) shear wave elastography (SWE) is useful for predicting the existence of OSA. Forty-six participants (20 healthy controls and 26 patients with OSA) underwent transcutaneous submental SWE using a US system. Quantification with a shear modulus of 0-200 kPa was recorded during normal breathing and Müller's maneuver (MM). Polysomnography was used as the reference standard. Mid-sagittal tongue stiffness was significantly higher in awake patients with OSA than in controls during normal breathing and the MM (p < 0.0001). The posterior third of the tongue in patients with OSA had the highest value of shear modulus during the MM (p < 0.001). With cut-offs of 27.6 and 35.2 kPa for the whole tongue and posterior third during the MM, respectively, the sensitivity obtained was 69.2% and 76.9%, and the specificity was 85% and 95%, respectively, for detecting OSA. The corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. US SWE may have the potential for non-invasive tongue stiffness measurement in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chou
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Gachon B, Fritel X, Pierre F, Nordez A. In vivo assessment of the elastic properties of women's pelvic floor during pregnancy using shear wave elastography: design and protocol of the ELASTOPELV study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:305. [PMID: 32414362 PMCID: PMC7229576 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal studies have reported an increase in pelvic floor muscle stiffness during pregnancy, which might be a protective process against perineal trauma at delivery. Our main objective is to describe the changes in the elastic properties of the pelvic floor muscles (levator ani, external anal sphincter) during human pregnancy using shear wave elastography (SWE) technology. Secondary objectives are as follows: i) to look for specific changes of the pelvic floor muscles compared to peripheral muscles; ii) to determine whether an association between the elastic properties of the levator ani and perineal clinical and B-mode ultrasound measures exists; and iii) to provide explorative data about an association between pelvic floor muscle characteristics and the risk of perineal tears. Methods Our prospective monocentric study will involve three visits (14–18, 24–28, and 34–38 weeks of pregnancy) and include nulliparous women older than 18 years, with a normal pregnancy and a body mass index (BMI) lower than 35 kg.m− 2. Each visit will consist of a clinical pelvic floor assessment (using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system), an ultrasound perineal measure of the anteroposterior hiatal diameter and SWE assessment of the levator ani and the external anal sphincter muscles (at rest, during the Valsalva maneuver and during pelvic floor contraction), and SWE assessment of both the biceps brachii and the gastrocnemius medialis (at rest, extension and contraction). We will collect data about the mode of delivery and the occurrence of perineal tears. We will investigate changes in continuous variables collected using the Friedman test. We will look for an association between the elastic properties of the levator ani muscle and clinical / ultrasound measures using a Spearman test at each trimester. We will investigate the association between the elastic properties of the pelvic floor muscles and perineal tear occurrence using a multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Discussion This study will provide original in vivo human data about the biomechanical changes of pregnant women’s pelvic floor. The results may lead to an individualized risk assessment of perineal trauma at childbirth. Trial registration This study was registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov on July 26, 2018 (NCT03602196).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Gachon
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Poitiers university hospital, 2 rue de la Miletrie CS90577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France. .,Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, EA 4334, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Poitiers University, INSERM, Poitiers university hospital, CIC 1402, Poitiers, France.
| | - Xavier Fritel
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Poitiers university hospital, 2 rue de la Miletrie CS90577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.,Poitiers University, INSERM, Poitiers university hospital, CIC 1402, Poitiers, France.,INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Gender, Sexuality and Health Team, University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Orsay, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Poitiers university hospital, 2 rue de la Miletrie CS90577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, EA 4334, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Guertler CA, Okamoto RJ, Ireland JA, Pacia CP, Garbow JR, Chen H, Bayly PV. Estimation of Anisotropic Material Properties of Soft Tissue by MRI of Ultrasound-Induced Shear Waves. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1073942. [PMID: 31980814 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new method for estimating anisotropic mechanical properties of fibrous soft tissue by imaging shear waves induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) and analyzing their direction-dependent speeds. Fibrous materials with a single, dominant fiber direction may exhibit anisotropy in both shear and tensile moduli, reflecting differences in the response of the material when loads are applied in different directions. The speeds of shear waves in such materials depend on the propagation and polarization directions of the waves relative to the dominant fiber direction. In this study, shear waves were induced in muscle tissue (chicken breast) ex vivo by harmonically oscillating the amplitude of an ultrasound beam focused in a cylindrical tissue sample. The orientation of the fiber direction relative to the excitation direction was varied by rotating the sample. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) was used to visualize and measure the full 3D displacement field due to the ultrasound-induced shear waves. The phase gradient (PG) of radially propagating "slow" and "fast" shear waves provided local estimates of their respective wave speeds and directions. The equations for the speeds of these waves in an incompressible, transversely isotropic (TI), linear elastic material were fitted to measurements to estimate the shear and tensile moduli of the material. The combination of focused ultrasound and MR imaging allows noninvasive, but comprehensive, characterization of anisotropic soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Guertler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1185 St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Ruth J Okamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1185 St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jake A Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1185 St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Christopher P Pacia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1097, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, 4525 Scott Avenue, CB 8227, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1097, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Philip V Bayly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1185 St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, CB 1097, St. Louis, MO 63130
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Hsiao YY, Yang TH, Chen PY, Hsu HY, Kuo LC, Su FC, Huang CC. Characterization of the extensor digitorum communis tendon using high-frequency ultrasound shear wave elastography. Med Phys 2020; 47:1609-1618. [PMID: 32020648 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hand tendon injuries caused by various accidents are common in emergency departments. The assessment of tendon properties is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy or rehabilitation during recovery after hand injuries. Many recent studies have indicated that the shear wave velocity (SWV) of tendons is related to their stiffness. However, measurement of SWV of hand tendon is still a challenge because the small size of tendon and the limitation of existing ultrasound systems for detecting fast SWV. METHODS We propose a high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) elastography system using an external vibrator to measure the SWV of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendon. First, animal studies were performed by measuring the SWV and stress of porcine tendons using the proposed HFUS elastography and materials testing systems respectively. In the human experiment, SWVs were measured during hand extension and flexion. The applied stress from a finger during the movements was recorded synchronously by using a load cell. RESULTS The experimental results reveal that a favorable linear correction (R2 of 0.96) was obtained between tendon SWV and stress in animal studies. In the human (hand) EDC tendon experiments, the SWV increased with the extension and flexion of the hand. The SWV of the EDC tendon was in the range of 20 to 135 m/s as the applied force from the finger of a healthy human increased to 50% maximal voluntary contraction. CONCLUSIONS All the experimental results show that the proposed HFUS elastography system can be used to characterize the EDC tendon and has potential use for evaluating tendon stiffness during recovery after hand injures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yi Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hua Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yun Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
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Guo R, Xiang X, Wang L, Zhu B, Cheng S, Qiu L. Quantitative Assessment of Keloids Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1169-1178. [PMID: 32063394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in quantitative evaluation of keloids. A total of 87 patients with 139 keloids were enrolled. Vancouver scar scale (VSS) scores were recorded. Thickness and blood flow grade were evaluated using high-frequency ultrasound. Skin stiffness (mean speed of shear wave, Cmean) was evaluated using SWE in both transverse and longitudinal sections. All measurements were performed in both keloids and site-matched unaffected skin (normal controls). The reliability of measurements was evaluated using intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients by two observers. Inter- and intra-observer repeatability was excellent (correlation coefficient > 0.99, p < 0.01). The SWE results revealed a significant increase in Cmean in keloids (p < 0.001) compared with the normal controls. Cmean in the longitudinal section was greater than that in the transverse section for keloids (p < 0.001). Cmean was highly positively correlated with VSS score (r = 0.904, p < 0.001), moderately positively correlated with thickness (r = 0.490, p < 0.001) and less positively correlated with blood flow (r = 0.231, p < 0.01). This non-invasive, tolerable and convenient imaging technique could be an effective tool for objectively evaluating keloid stiffness in the future, thus laying a foundation for the treatment and evaluation of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bihui Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Koppenhaver S, Gaffney E, Oates A, Eberle L, Young B, Hebert J, Proulx L, Shinohara M. Lumbar muscle stiffness is different in individuals with low back pain than asymptomatic controls and is associated with pain and disability, but not common physical examination findings. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 45:102078. [PMID: 31704551 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar muscle dysfunction is commonly implicated in low back pain (LBP). Shear-wave elastography (SWE) uses ultrasound technology to quantify absolute soft tissue stiffness (shear modulus), thereby allowing for estimation of individual muscle contraction and function. OBJECTIVES To compare resting and contracted stiffness of lumbar spine musculature in individuals with and without LBP using SWE. A secondary aim was to explore for relationships between common self-report and physical examination measures and resting and contracted muscle stiffness in individuals with LBP. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Shear modulus of the lumbar musculature was measured in 60 participants with LBP and 60 asymptomatic controls (120 total) using SWE. The lumbar erector spinae were imaged at rest only, while the lumbar multifidus was imaged at rest and during contraction. Before imaging, participants with LBP underwent a standardized clinical examination including a brief history, self-report questionnaires, and a physical examination. Lumbar muscle shear modulus was compared between participants with LBP and asymptomatic controls using ANCOVA. Potential associations between shear modulus and selected self-report and physical examination measures were assessed using correlation analysis. RESULTS Stiffness of the erector spinae and lumbar multifidus at rest (but not during contraction) was greater in participants with LBP than in asymptomatic controls (p < 0.05). Many of the self-report measures, but none of the physical examination findings were associated with muscle stiffness. CONCLUSION Resting lumbar muscle stiffness is greater in individuals with LBP than asymptomatic controls and is associated with self-reported pain and disability, but not physical exam findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Koppenhaver
- Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Emily Gaffney
- U.S. Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amber Oates
- U.S. Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Eberle
- U.S. Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brian Young
- Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hebert
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Minoru Shinohara
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chen PY, Yang TH, Kuo LC, Shih CC, Huang CC. Characterization of Hand Tendons Through High-Frequency Ultrasound Elastography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:37-48. [PMID: 31478846 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2938147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tendon stiffness plays an important role in the tendon healing process, and many studies have indicated that measuring the shear wave velocity (SWV) on tendons relates to their stiffness. Because the thickness of hand tendons is a few millimeters, high-resolution imaging is required for visualizing hand tissues. However, the resolution of current ultrasound elastography systems is insufficient. In this study, a high-frequency (HF) ultrasound elastography system is proposed for measuring the SWVs of hand tendons. The HF ultrasound elastography system uses an external vibrator to create shear waves on hand tendons. Then, it uses a 40-MHz HF ultrasound array transducer with ultrafast ultrasound imaging technology to measure the SWV for characterizing hand tendons. A handheld device that combines a transducer and a vibrator allows the user to scan hand tissues. The biases of HF ultrasound elastography were measured in gelatin phantom experiments and were less than 6% compared to standard mechanical testing approach. Human experiments showed the ability to use HF ultrasound elastography to distinguish different SWVs of hand tendons. The SWVs were 0.73 ± 0.65 m/s and 1 ± 0.54 m/s for flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), respectively, and 0.52 ± 0.14 m/s and 4.02 ± 0.77 m/s for extensor tendon under stretch and contraction conditions, respectively. The simplicity and convenience of the HF ultrasound elastography system for measuring hand tendon stiffness make it a promising tool for evaluating the severity of hand injuries and the performance of rehabilitation after hand injuries.
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Assessment of the Passive Tension of the First Dorsal Interosseous and First Lumbrical Muscles Using Shear Wave Elastography. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:1092.e1-1092.e8. [PMID: 30819410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative evaluation of passive tension of the intrinsic muscles of the hand is necessary to assess contracture of the intrinsic muscles accurately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear modulus, which is related to passive muscle tension, of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and first lumbrical (FL) muscles using shear wave elastography. METHODS Subjects were 18 healthy males. The shear modulus of the FDI and FL muscles was assessed at several proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and wrist joint positions. The position in which the MCP joint was flexed 60° past 0° with PIP-DIP joint extension and that in which the MCP joint was extended 30° past 0° with PIP-DIP joint flexion were respectively defined as the slack and stretched positions. We analyzed whether the shear modulus was affected by finger position (slack or stretched), wrist position (30° flexion past 0° and 30° extension past 0°), and muscle (FDI or FL). RESULTS Shear modulus in the stretched position was significantly higher than that in the slack position. The shear modulus of the FL muscle at 30° wrist extension was significantly higher than that at 30° flexion. The shear modulus of the FL muscle was significantly higher than that of the FDI muscle in the stretched position with the wrist at 30° flexion and extension, and in the slack position with the wrist at 30° extension. CONCLUSIONS The shear modulus of the FDI and FL muscles increased with MCP joint extension and PIP-DIP joint flexion. The difference in the muscle characteristics between the FDI and FL muscles should be considered when evaluating or treating contractures of the intrinsic muscles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Shear wave elastography can evaluate the condition of the intrinsic muscles of the hand quantitatively.
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Mackintosh S, Young A, Lee A, Sim J. Considerations in the application of two dimensional shear wave elastography in muscle. SONOGRAPHY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sono.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mackintosh
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Pacific Radiology Group Wellington and Manawatu New Zealand
| | - A. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - A. Lee
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population HealthThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - J. Sim
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health CareMonash University Melbourne Australia
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Bernabei M, Lee SSM, Perreault EJ, Sandercock TG. Shear wave velocity is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness that occur independently from changes in force. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:8-16. [PMID: 31556833 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00112.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical assessments for many musculoskeletal disorders involve evaluation of muscle stiffness, although it is not yet possible to obtain quantitative estimates from individual muscles. Ultrasound elastography can be used to estimate the material properties of unstressed, homogeneous, and isotropic materials by tracking the speed of shear wave propagation; these waves propagate faster in stiffer materials. Although elastography has been applied to skeletal muscle, there is little evidence that shear wave velocity (SWV) can directly estimate muscle stiffness since this tissue violates many of the assumptions required for there to be a direct relationship between SWV and stiffness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SWV and direct measurements of muscle force and stiffness in contracting muscle. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats. We measured the short-range stiffness in the soleus via direct mechanical testing in situ and SWV via ultrasound imaging. Measurements were taken during supramaximal activation at optimum muscle length, with muscle temperature varying between 26°C and 38°C. An increase in temperature causes a decrease in muscle stiffness at a given force, thus decoupling the tension-stiffness relationship normally present in muscle. We found that increasing muscle temperature decreased active stiffness from 4.0 ± 0.3 MPa to 3.3 ± 0.3 MPa and SWV from 16.9 ± 1.5 m/s to 15.9 ± 1.6 m/s while force remained unchanged (mean ± SD). These results demonstrate that SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness during active contractions. Future work is needed to determine how this relationship is influenced by changes in muscle structure and tension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Shear wave ultrasound elastography is a noninvasive tool for characterizing the material properties of muscle. This study is the first to compare direct measurements of stiffness with ultrasound measurements of shear wave velocity (SWV) in a contracting muscle. We found that SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stiffness, even when controlling for muscle tension, another factor that influences SWV. These results are an important step toward developing noninvasive tools for characterizing muscle structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernabei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sabrina S M Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric J Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Matsuda R, Kumamoto T, Seko T, Miura S, Hamamoto T. Reproducibility of elastic modulus measurement of the multifidus using the shear wave elastography function of an ultrasound diagnostic device. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:617-620. [PMID: 31527996 PMCID: PMC6698464 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to obtain evidence of the musculo-physiological involvement
in the effect of physiotherapy on low back pain by examining the reproducibility of
elasticity measurements of the multifidus muscle at different trunk angles via the shear
wave elastography function of an ultrasound diagnostic device. [Participants and Methods]
This study included 11 healthy adults. Measurements were conducted with participants in
the prone position, and the elasticity of the superficial and deeper layers of the
multifidus muscle was measured under the following 3 conditions: trunk at neutral
position, trunk flexed at 40°, and trunk extended at 20°. Next, intraclass correlation
coefficients (1, 1) were calculated to examine the intrarater reliability. [Results] All
intraclass correlation coefficients for the superficial and deeper layers of the
multifidus muscle were ≥0.85 for all 3 conditions. [Conclusion] Regardless of the trunk
position, the elastic modulus measurement of inner muscles via shear wave elastography
serves as an assessment of biological changes in individuals with lower back pain in
response to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sinnsapporo Neurosurgical Hospital: 1-2-1-10 Kaminopporo, Atubetu-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 004-0031, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kumamoto
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Seko
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Japan
| | - Sayo Miura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokusei Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hamamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sinnsapporo Neurosurgical Hospital: 1-2-1-10 Kaminopporo, Atubetu-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 004-0031, Japan
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Bernal M, Saldarriaga J, Cabeza C, Negreira C, Bustamante J, Brum J. Development and evaluation of anisotropic and nonlinear aortic models made from clinical images for in vitro experimentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:165006. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab2db5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Ahmadzadeh SH, Chen X, Hagemann H, Tang MX, Bull AM. Developing and using fast shear wave elastography to quantify physiologically-relevant tendon forces. Med Eng Phys 2019; 69:116-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mannarino P, da Matta TT, de Oliveira LF. An 8-week resistance training protocol is effective in adapting quadriceps but not patellar tendon shear modulus measured by Shear Wave Elastography. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205782. [PMID: 30990803 PMCID: PMC6467440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual loading and resistance training (RT) can lead to changes in muscle and tendon morphology as well as in its mechanical properties which can be measured by Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) technique. The objective of this study was to analyze the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and patellar tendon (PT) mechanical properties adaptations to an 8-week RT protocol using SWE. We submitted 15 untrained health young men to an 8-week RT directed for knee extensor mechanism. VL and PT shear modulus (μ) were assessed pre and post intervention with SWE. PT thickness (PTT), VL muscle thickness (VL MT) and knee extension torque (KT) were also measure pre and post intervention to ensure the RT efficiency. Significant increases were observed in VL MT and KT (pre = 2.40 ± 0.40 cm and post = 2.63 ± 0.35 cm, p = 0.0111, and pre = 294.66 ± 73.98 Nm and post = 338.93 ± 76.39 Nm, p = 0.005, respectively). The 8-week RT was also effective in promoting VL μ adaptations (pre = 4.87 ± 1.38 kPa and post = 9.08.12 ± 1.86 kPa, p = 0.0105), but not in significantly affecting PT μ (pre = 78.85 ± 7.37 kPa and post = 66.41 ± 7.25 kPa, p = 0.1287) nor PTT (baseline = 0.364 ± 0.053 cm and post = 0.368 ± 0.046 cm, p = 0.71). The present study showed that an 8-week resistance training protocol was effective in adapting VL μ but not PT μ. Further investigation should be conducted with special attention to longer interventions, to possible PT differential individual responsiveness and to the muscle-tendon resting state tension environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mannarino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Biomedical Engineering Program, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Creze M, Bedretdinova D, Soubeyrand M, Rocher L, Gennisson JL, Gagey O, Maître X, Bellin MF. Posture-related stiffness mapping of paraspinal muscles. J Anat 2019; 234:787-799. [PMID: 30901090 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraspinal compartment acts as a bone-muscle composite beam of the spine. The elastic properties of the paraspinal muscles play a critical role in spine stabilization. These properties depend on the subjects' posture, and they may be drastically altered by low back pain. Supersonic shear wave elastography can be used to provide quantitative stiffness maps (elastograms), which characterize the elastic properties of the probed tissue. The aim of this study was to challenge shear wave elastography sensitivity to postural stiffness changes in healthy paraspinal muscles. The stiffness of the main paraspinal muscles (longissimus, iliocostalis, multifidus) was measured by shear wave elastography at the lumbosacral level (L3 and S1) for six static postures performed by volunteers. Passive postures (rest, passive flexion, passive extension) were performed in a first shear wave elastography session, and active postures (upright, bending forward, bending backward) with rest posture for reference were performed in a second session. Measurements were repeated three times for each posture. Sixteen healthy young adults were enrolled in the study. Non-parametric paired tests, multiple analyses of covariance, and intra-class correlations were implemented for analysis. Shear wave elastography showed good to excellent reliability, except in the multifidus at S1, during bending forward, and in the multifidus at L3, during bending backward. Yet, during bending forward, only poor quality was recorded for nine volunteers in the longissimus. Significant intra- and inter-muscular changes were observed with posture. Stiffness significantly increased for the upright position and bending forward with respect to the reference values recorded in passive postures. In conclusion, shear wave elastography allows reliable assessment of the stiffness of the paraspinal muscles except in the multifidus at S1 and longissimus, during bending forward, and in the multifidus at L3, during bending backward. It reveals a different biomechanical behaviour for the multifidus, the longissimus, and the iliocostalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Creze
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Complexité, Innovations, Activités Motrices et Sportives, CIAMS (EA4532), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Dina Bedretdinova
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marc Soubeyrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Rocher
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Gagey
- Complexité, Innovations, Activités Motrices et Sportives, CIAMS (EA4532), Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Department of Orthopedics, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Maître
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-France Bellin
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Normative parameters and anthropometric variability of lumbar muscle stiffness using ultrasound shear-wave elastography. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 62:113-120. [PMID: 30721824 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying stiffness of the lumbar spine musculature using shear-wave elastography (SWE) maybe beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain (LBP). The primary purpose of this study was to establish normative parameter and variance estimates of lumbar spine muscle stiffness at rest and during submaximal contraction levels using SWE in healthy individuals. A second aim was to determine the relationship between lumbar spine muscle stiffness and a variety of demographic, anthropometric, and medical history variables. METHODS This cross-sectional study included stiffness measurements of the lumbar musculature in 120 asymptomatic individuals using ultrasound SWE. The lumbar erector spinae muscle was measured during rest only and lumbar multifidus muscle was measured during rest and during submaximal contraction using a prone contralateral arm lift. Statistical comparisons of shear modulus were made between sex (male vs. female) and muscle condition (erector spinae rest, lumbar multifidus rest, lumbar multifidus contracted) using 2 × 3 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Univariate associations between shear modulus and age, sex, BMI, activity level, and history of back pain were assessed using correlation analysis. FINDINGS Shear modulus at rest was approximately 4 kPa for the erector spinae muscles and approximately 6 kPa for the lumbar multifidus muscles. Shear modulus substantially increased during contraction, and varied by sex, BMI, and self-reported activity level, with men and more active individuals generally having stiffer muscles. INTERPRETATION Variability in shear modulus of the lumbar musculature may be mediated through a combination of muscle size and contractile state, which is consistent with our findings of higher stiffness in the more postural lumbar multifidi muscles, during contraction, and in larger and more active individuals. These findings should inform and be accounted for in future comparative clinical studies.
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Kawai M, Taniguchi K, Suzuki T, Katayose M. Estimation of quadriceps femoris muscle dysfunction in the early period after surgery of the knee joint using shear-wave elastography. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000381. [PMID: 30364553 PMCID: PMC6196956 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Orthopaedic surgery of the knee joint results in functional deterioration of the quadriceps femoris muscle. However, little is known about quadriceps femoris muscle dysfunction in the early postsurgical period. Therefore, we examined the stiffness of the quadriceps femoris muscle in the early postsurgical period. Methods Seven patients and seven healthy controls performed quadriceps contraction exercises. In resting and contraction conditions, the shear modulus, muscle thickness and pennation angle were measured for the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and the rectus femoris (RF) using ultrasound elastography. Results The shear moduli of the VM, VL and RF in the control group did not significantly interact, while the shear moduli in the patient group did show a significant interaction. In the resting condition, there was no difference between the unaffected and affected sides in the patient group, but the shear moduli of the VM and VL in the contraction condition was significantly lower on the affected side than the unaffected side. The contraction ratios between muscles by limbs did not significantly interact. However, there were main effects due to muscle and limb factors. The VM and VL had a significantly higher contraction ratio than the RF, and the control and unaffected limbs had a higher contraction ratio than the affected limb. Conclusion The results demonstrated a decrease in muscle stiffness during contraction in patients with quadriceps femoris dysfunction. Measurement of the shear modulus has potential as a new evaluation index and with high sensitivity to decreases in muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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A Continuum Mechanics Model of Enzyme-Based Tissue Degradation in Cancer Therapies. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:3184-3226. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Guidetti M, Royston TJ. Analytical solution for converging elliptic shear wave in a bounded transverse isotropic viscoelastic material with nonhomogeneous outer boundary. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:2312. [PMID: 30404507 PMCID: PMC6197985 DOI: 10.1121/1.5064372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic elastography methods-based on optical, ultrasonic, or magnetic resonance imaging-are being developed for quantitatively mapping the shear viscoelastic properties of biological tissues, which are often altered by disease and injury. These diagnostic imaging methods involve analysis of shear wave motion in order to estimate or reconstruct the tissue's shear viscoelastic properties. Most reconstruction methods to date have assumed isotropic tissue properties. However, application to tissues like skeletal muscle and brain white matter with aligned fibrous structure resulting in local transverse isotropic mechanical properties would benefit from analysis that takes into consideration anisotropy. A theoretical approach is developed for the elliptic shear wave pattern observed in transverse isotropic materials subjected to axisymmetric excitation creating radially converging shear waves normal to the fiber axis. This approach, utilizing Mathieu functions, is enabled via a transformation to an elliptic coordinate system with isotropic properties and a ratio of minor and major axes matching the ratio of shear wavelengths perpendicular and parallel to the plane of isotropy in the transverse isotropic material. The approach is validated via numerical finite element analysis case studies. This strategy of coordinate transformation to equivalent isotropic systems could aid in analysis of other anisotropic tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Guidetti
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Guidetti M, Lorgna G, Hammersly M, Lewis P, Klatt D, Vena P, Shah R, Royston TJ. Anisotropic composite material phantom to improve skeletal muscle characterization using magnetic resonance elastography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 89:199-208. [PMID: 30292169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence and progression of neuromuscular pathology, including spasticity, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and hyperthyroidism, has been correlated with changes in the intrinsic mechanical properties of skeletal muscle tissue. Tools for noninvasively measuring and monitoring these properties, such as Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), could benefit basic research into understanding neuromuscular pathologies, as well as translational research to develop therapies, by providing a means of assessing and tracking their efficacy. Dynamic elastography methods for noninvasive measurement of tissue mechanical properties have been under development for nearly three decades. Much of the technological development to date, for both Ultrasound (US)-based and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based strategies, has been grounded in assumptions of local homogeneity and isotropy. Striated skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as brain white matter and soft tissue in some other organ regions, exhibit a fibrous microstructure which entails heterogeneity and anisotropic response; as one seeks to improve the accuracy and resolution in mechanical property assessment, heterogeneity and anisotropy need to be accounted for in order to optimize both the dynamic elastography experimental protocol and the interpretation of the measurements. Advances in elastography methodology at every step have been aided by the use of tissue-mimicking phantoms. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a heterogeneous composite phantom design with uniform controllable anisotropic properties meant to be comparable to the frequency-dependent anisotropic properties of skeletal muscle. MRE experiments and computational finite element (FE) studies were conducted on a novel 3D-printed composite phantom design. The displacement maps obtained from simulation and experiment show the same elliptical shaped wavefronts elongated in the plane where the structure presents higher shear modulus. The model exhibits a degree of anisotropy in line with literature data from skeletal muscle tissue MRE experiments. FE simulations of the MRE experiments provide insight into proper interpretation of experimental measurements, and help to quantify the importance of heterogeneity in the anisotropic material at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Guidetti
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Mogan Street, 212 SEO, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA.
| | - Gloria Lorgna
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Margaret Hammersly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phillip Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dieter Klatt
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Mogan Street, 212 SEO, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA.
| | - Pasquale Vena
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ramille Shah
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Mogan Street, 212 SEO, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Mogan Street, 212 SEO, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA.
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