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Psarris G, Eleftheriadis N, Sidiras C, Sereti A, Iliadou VM. Temporal resolution and pitch discrimination in music education: novel data in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:4103-4111. [PMID: 38573511 PMCID: PMC11266274 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehabilitation of hearing and listening difficulties through neuroplasticity of the auditory nervous system is a promising technique. Evidence of enhanced auditory processing in adult musicians is often not based on clinical auditory processing tests and is lacking in children with musical education. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal resolution and frequency discrimination elements of auditory processing both in adults and children with musical education and to compare them with those without any musical education. METHODS Participants consisted of ten children without musical training and ten children with musical training with mean age 11.3 years and range 8-15 years as well as ten adults without musical education and ten adults with musical education with mean age 38.1 years and range 30-45 years. All participants were tested with two temporal resolution tests (GIN:Gaps-In-Noise and RGDT:Random Gap Detection Test), a temporal ordering frequency test (FPT:Frequency Pattern Test), and a frequency discrimination test (DLF: Different Limen for Frequency). RESULTS All test results revealed better performance in both children and adults with musical training for both ears. CONCLUSION A positive effect of formal music education for specific auditory processing elements in both children and adults is documented. Larger samples, longitudinal studies, as well as groups with impaired hearing and/or auditory processing are needed to further substantiate the effect shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Psarris
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | | | - Christos Sidiras
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Afroditi Sereti
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
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Jin J, Zheng Q, Liu H, Feng K, Bai Y, Ni G. Musical experience enhances time discrimination: Evidence from cortical responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1536:167-176. [PMID: 38829709 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Time discrimination, a critical aspect of auditory perception, is influenced by numerous factors. Previous research has suggested that musical experience can restructure the brain, thereby enhancing time discrimination. However, this phenomenon remains underexplored. In this study, we seek to elucidate the enhancing effect of musical experience on time discrimination, utilizing both behavioral and electroencephalogram methodologies. Additionally, we aim to explore, through brain connectivity analysis, the role of increased connectivity in brain regions associated with auditory perception as a potential contributory factor to time discrimination induced by musical experience. The results show that the music-experienced group demonstrated higher behavioral accuracy, shorter reaction time, and shorter P3 and mismatch response latencies as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the music-experienced group had higher connectivity in the left temporal lobe. In summary, our research underscores the positive impact of musical experience on time discrimination and suggests that enhanced connectivity in brain regions linked to auditory perception may be responsible for this enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jin
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kunyun Feng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanru Bai
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjian Ni
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Kyrtsoudi M, Sidiras C, Papadelis G, Iliadou VM. Auditory Processing in Musicians, a Cross-Sectional Study, as a Basis for Auditory Training Optimization. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2027. [PMID: 37510468 PMCID: PMC10379437 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Μusicians are reported to have enhanced auditory processing. This study aimed to assess auditory perception in Greek musicians with respect to their musical specialization and to compare their auditory processing with that of non-musicians. Auditory processing elements evaluated were speech recognition in babble, rhythmic advantage in speech recognition, short-term working memory, temporal resolution, and frequency discrimination threshold detection. All groups were of 12 participants. Three distinct experimental groups tested included western classical musicians, Byzantine chanters, and percussionists. The control group consisted of 12 non-musicians. The results revealed: (i) a rhythmic advantage for word recognition in noise for classical musicians (M = 12.42) compared to Byzantine musicians (M = 9.83), as well as for musicians compared to non-musicians (U = 120.50, p = 0.019), (ii) better frequency discrimination threshold of Byzantine musicians (M = 3.17, p = 0.002) compared to the other two musicians' group for the 2000 Hz region, (iii) statistically significant better working memory for musicians (U = 123.00, p = 0.025) compared to non-musicians. Musical training enhances elements of auditory processing and may be used as an additional rehabilitation approach during auditory training, focusing on specific types of music for specific auditory processing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyrtsoudi
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Laboratory, 3rd Psychiatric Department, Neurosciences Sector, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Sidiras
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Laboratory, 3rd Psychiatric Department, Neurosciences Sector, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadelis
- School of Music Studies, Faculty of Fine Arts, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Maria Iliadou
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Laboratory, 3rd Psychiatric Department, Neurosciences Sector, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Auditory Electrophysiological and Perceptual Measures in Student Musicians with High Sound Exposure. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050934. [PMID: 36900080 PMCID: PMC10000734 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine (a) the influence of noise exposure background (NEB) on the peripheral and central auditory system functioning and (b) the influence of NEB on speech recognition in noise abilities in student musicians. Twenty non-musician students with self-reported low NEB and 18 student musicians with self-reported high NEB completed a battery of tests that consisted of physiological measures, including auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) at three different stimulus rates (11.3 Hz, 51.3 Hz, and 81.3 Hz), and P300, and behavioral measures including conventional and extended high-frequency audiometry, consonant-vowel nucleus-consonant (CNC) word test and AzBio sentence test for assessing speech perception in noise abilities at -9, -6, -3, 0, and +3 dB signal to noise ratios (SNRs). The NEB was negatively associated with performance on the CNC test at all five SNRs. A negative association was found between NEB and performance on the AzBio test at 0 dB SNR. No effect of NEB was found on the amplitude and latency of P300 and the ABR wave I amplitude. More investigations of larger datasets with different NEB and longitudinal measurements are needed to investigate the influence of NEB on word recognition in noise and to understand the specific cognitive processes contributing to the impact of NEB on word recognition in noise.
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Leite Filho CA, Rocha-Muniz CN, Pereira LD, Schochat E. Auditory temporal resolution and backward masking in musicians with absolute pitch. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1151776. [PMID: 37139520 PMCID: PMC10149789 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1151776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many questions regarding the ability to effortlessly name musical notes without a reference, also known as absolute pitch, the neural processes by which this phenomenon operates are still a matter of debate. Although a perceptual subprocess is currently accepted by the literature, the participation of some aspects of auditory processing still needs to be determined. We conducted two experiments to investigate the relationship between absolute pitch and two aspects of auditory temporal processing, namely temporal resolution and backward masking. In the first experiment, musicians were organized into two groups according to the presence of absolute pitch, as determined by a pitch identification test, and compared regarding their performance in the Gaps-in-Noise test, a gap detection task for assessing temporal resolution. Despite the lack of statistically significant difference between the groups, the Gaps-in-Noise test measures were significant predictors of the measures for pitch naming precision, even after controlling for possible confounding variables. In the second experiment, another two groups of musicians with and without absolute pitch were submitted to the backward masking test, with no difference between the groups and no correlation between backward masking and absolute pitch measures. The results from both experiments suggest that only part of temporal processing is involved in absolute pitch, indicating that not all aspects of auditory perception are related to the perceptual subprocess. Possible explanations for these findings include the notable overlap of brain areas involved in both temporal resolution and absolute pitch, which is not present in the case of backward masking, and the relevance of temporal resolution to analyze the temporal fine structure of sound in pitch perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Leite Filho
- Auditory Processing Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carlos Alberto Leite Filho,
| | - Caroline Nunes Rocha-Muniz
- Speech-Language Pathology Department, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliane Desgualdo Pereira
- Neuroaudiology Lab, Department of Speech Therapy, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Schochat
- Auditory Processing Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maillard E, Joyal M, Murray MM, Tremblay P. Are musical activities associated with enhanced speech perception in noise in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Benítez-Barrera CR, Skoe E, Huang J, Tharpe AM. Evidence for a Musician Speech-Perception-in-Noise Advantage in School-Age Children. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:3996-4008. [PMID: 36194893 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether child musicians are better at listening to speech in noise (SPIN) than nonmusicians of the same age. In addition, we aimed to explore whether the musician SPIN advantage in children was related to general intelligence (IQ). METHOD Fifty-one children aged 8.2-11.8 years and with different levels of music training participated in the study. A between-group design and correlational analyses were used to determine differences in SPIN skills as they relate to music training. IQ was used as a covariate to explore the relationship between intelligence and SPIN ability. RESULTS More years of music training were associated with better SPIN skills than fewer years of music training. Furthermore, this difference in SPIN skills remained even when accounting for IQ. These results were found at the group level and also when years of instrument training was treated as a continuous variable (i.e., correlational analyses). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed results from previous studies in which child musicians outperformed nonmusicians in SPIN skills. We also showed that this effect was not related to differences in IQ between the musicians and nonmusicians for this cohort of children. However, confirmation of this finding with a cohort of children from more diverse socioeconomic statuses and cognitive profiles is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Marie Tharpe
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Listeners are sensitive to the speech breathing time series: Evidence from a gap detection task. Cognition 2022; 225:105171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hennessy S, Wood A, Wilcox R, Habibi A. Neurophysiological improvements in speech-in-noise task after short-term choir training in older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9468-9495. [PMID: 33824226 PMCID: PMC8064162 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Perceiving speech in noise (SIN) is important for health and well-being and decreases with age. Musicians show improved speech-in-noise abilities and reduced age-related auditory decline, yet it is unclear whether short term music engagement has similar effects. In this randomized control trial we used a pre-post design to investigate whether a 12-week music intervention in adults aged 50-65 without prior music training and with subjective hearing loss improves well-being, speech-in-noise abilities, and auditory encoding and voluntary attention as indexed by auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in a syllable-in-noise task, and later AEPs in an oddball task. Age and gender-matched adults were randomized to a choir or control group. Choir participants sang in a 2-hr ensemble with 1-hr home vocal training weekly; controls listened to a 3-hr playlist weekly, attended concerts, and socialized online with fellow participants. From pre- to post-intervention, no differences between groups were observed on quantitative measures of well-being or behavioral speech-in-noise abilities. In the choir group, but not the control group, changes in the N1 component were observed for the syllable-in-noise task, with increased N1 amplitude in the passive condition and decreased N1 latency in the active condition. During the oddball task, larger N1 amplitudes to the frequent standard stimuli were also observed in the choir but not control group from pre to post intervention. Findings have implications for the potential role of music training to improve sound encoding in individuals who are in the vulnerable age range and at risk of auditory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hennessy
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alison Wood
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rand Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Assal Habibi
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Ryan FM, Vardonikolaki A, Bibas A, Bamiou DE, Rubin JS. Rehearsal Sound Exposure and Choir Singers' Hearing: A Pilot Field Study. J Voice 2021; 37:382-389. [PMID: 33676806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high- and moderate-intensity sound is inevitable for professional singers during their working day, the majority of which is spent in rehearsal, preparing for a performance. The impact of self-produced sound exposure on singers' hearing within the rehearsal setting has not been examined. OBJECTIVES This original pilot field study investigates the feasibility of data collection and hypothesis testing of singers' hearing within the rehearsal environment. METHODS 18 professional choir singers are examined for hearing threshold changes following routine rehearsal sound exposure. Pure Tone Audiometry is measured before, immediately after, and approximately 24 hours after rehearsal. RESULTS This study does not identify definitive Temporary Threshold Shift in this population under these conditions. That said, mean temporary threshold shift was found 3.61 dB higher than the recovery threshold shift in the right ear at 3000 Hz (P = 0.06), and this may be important to look at for future studies. CONCLUSIONS Methodological challenges of this field study include dynamic experimental conditions intrinsic to the rehearsal process, environmental and musical influence on Pure Tone Audiometry results and estimation of sound intensity exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finola M Ryan
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, United Kingdom; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Aikaterini Vardonikolaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Bibas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Doris-Eva Bamiou
- The Ear Institute/Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-otology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, United Kingdom
| | - John S Rubin
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Royal National Ear, Nose and Throat, Nose and Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kindom; School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although numerous studies have shown that musicians have better speech perception in noise (SPIN) compared to nonmusicians, other studies have not replicated the "musician advantage for SPIN." One factor that has not been adequately addressed in previous studies is how musicians' SPIN is affected by routine exposure to high levels of sound. We hypothesized that such exposure diminishes the musician advantage for SPIN. DESIGN Environmental sound levels were measured continuously for 1 week via body-worn noise dosimeters in 56 college students with diverse musical backgrounds and clinically normal pure-tone audiometric averages. SPIN was measured using the Quick Speech in Noise Test (QuickSIN). Multiple linear regression modeling was used to examine how music practice (years of playing a musical instrument) and routine noise exposure predict QuickSIN scores. RESULTS Noise exposure and music practice were both significant predictors of QuickSIN, but they had opposing influences, with more years of music practice predicting better QuickSIN scores and greater routine noise exposure predicting worse QuickSIN scores. Moreover, mediation analysis suggests that noise exposure suppresses the relationship between music practice and QuickSIN scores. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a beneficial relationship between music practice and SPIN that is suppressed by noise exposure.
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Dubinsky E, Wood EA, Nespoli G, Russo FA. Short-Term Choir Singing Supports Speech-in-Noise Perception and Neural Pitch Strength in Older Adults With Age-Related Hearing Loss. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1153. [PMID: 31849572 PMCID: PMC6892838 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated musicianship enhancements of various aspects of auditory and cognitive processing in older adults, but musical training has rarely been examined as an intervention for mitigating age-related declines in these abilities. The current study investigates whether 10 weeks of choir participation can improve aspects of auditory processing in older adults, particularly speech-in-noise (SIN) perception. A choir-singing group and an age- and audiometrically-matched do-nothing control group underwent pre- and post-testing over a 10-week period. Linear mixed effects modeling in a regression analysis showed that choir participants demonstrated improvements in speech-in-noise perception, pitch discrimination ability, and the strength of the neural representation of speech fundamental frequency. Choir participants' gains in SIN perception were mediated by improvements in pitch discrimination, which was in turn predicted by the strength of the neural representation of speech stimuli (FFR), suggesting improvements in pitch processing as a possible mechanism for this SIN perceptual improvement. These findings support the hypothesis that short-term choir participation is an effective intervention for mitigating age-related hearing losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Dubinsky
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A. Wood
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel Nespoli
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frank A. Russo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Brown T, Murray E, McCabe P. The boundaries of auditory perception for within-word syllable segregation in untrained and trained adult listeners. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2018; 32:979-996. [PMID: 29672170 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2018.1463395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Syllable segregation is among the core diagnostic features of both childhood apraxia of speech and acquired apraxia of speech; however, little is known about the limen of perception of syllable segregation. The purpose of this research was therefore to explore adult listeners' auditory perception of within-word syllable segregation in trained and untrained adult listeners. Two experimental design studies, each with two phases, were conducted. Study one included 40 untrained listeners (aged 18-28 years), and study two included 5 trained listeners (10-25 years of experience). Recorded audio samples of multisyllabic non-words were manipulated to insert gaps of increasing length to simulate syllable segregation. All stimuli were anchored against an unaltered control sample. In each phase, 32 stimuli were randomly presented twice in a free-field listening task with listeners making Yes/No decisions to record their perception of segregation. At a 90% accuracy threshold, the untrained listeners' limen was 90ms, while the trained listeners' was 85ms. At an 80% accuracy threshold, both sets of listeners had a limen of 80ms. Overall, there were no significant differences in accuracy between the two listening groups. Gap duration was positively correlated with accurate perception across both studies. Both groups demonstrated good intra-rater reliability and excellent inter-rater reliability, with no significant differences between the untrained and trained listeners. These findings have implications for developing a standardised criteria for rating syllable segregation in clinical contexts. No evidence was found for the hypothesis that training makes a difference in listeners' accuracy or reliability when rating syllable segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Brown
- a Speech Pathology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- a Speech Pathology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Patricia McCabe
- a Speech Pathology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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Speech-in-noise perception in musicians: A review. Hear Res 2017; 352:49-69. [PMID: 28213134 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to understand speech in the presence of competing sound sources is an important neuroscience question in terms of how the nervous system solves this computational problem. It is also a critical clinical problem that disproportionally affects the elderly, children with language-related learning disorders, and those with hearing loss. Recent evidence that musicians have an advantage on this multifaceted skill has led to the suggestion that musical training might be used to improve or delay the decline of speech-in-noise (SIN) function. However, enhancements have not been universally reported, nor have the relative contributions of different bottom-up versus top-down processes, and their relation to preexisting factors been disentangled. This information that would be helpful to establish whether there is a real effect of experience, what exactly is its nature, and how future training-based interventions might target the most relevant components of cognitive processes. These questions are complicated by important differences in study design and uneven coverage of neuroimaging modality. In this review, we aim to systematize recent results from studies that have specifically looked at musician-related differences in SIN by their study design properties, to summarize the findings, and to identify knowledge gaps for future work.
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