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Scheible F, Lamprecht R, Schaan C, Veltrup R, Semmler M, Sutor A. What kind of phonation causes the strongest vocal fold collision? - A hemi-larynx phonation contact pressure study. TECHNISCHES MESSEN : TM 2024; 91:208-217. [PMID: 38586303 PMCID: PMC10995662 DOI: 10.1515/teme-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a measurement setup which is able to measure the distribution of small scale pressure on an area of 15.2 mm × 30.4 mm with a sample rate up to 1.2 kHz. It was used to investigate the contact pressures of vocal folds during phonation. This was performed in ex vivo experiments of 11 porcine larynges. The contact pressure at the medial surface and other phonation parameters, as the glottal resistance and the closing velocity of the vocal fold, were measured at different adduction and elongation levels and air flow rates. A statistical analysis was carried out. It could be shown that the contact pressure rises, when the vocal fold is manipulated or when the flow rate is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scheible
- Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology, UMIT – Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Raphael Lamprecht
- Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology, UMIT – Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Casey Schaan
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Veltrup
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marion Semmler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Sutor
- Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology, UMIT – Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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Donhauser J, Tur B, Döllinger M. Neural network-based estimation of biomechanical vocal fold parameters. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1282574. [PMID: 38449783 PMCID: PMC10916882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1282574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vocal fold (VF) vibrations are the primary source of human phonation. High-speed video (HSV) endoscopy enables the computation of descriptive VF parameters for assessment of physiological properties of laryngeal dynamics, i.e., the vibration of the VFs. However, underlying biomechanical factors responsible for physiological and disordered VF vibrations cannot be accessed. In contrast, physically based numerical VF models reveal insights into the organ's oscillations, which remain inaccessible through endoscopy. To estimate biomechanical properties, previous research has fitted subglottal pressure-driven mass-spring-damper systems, as inverse problem to the HSV-recorded VF trajectories, by global optimization of the numerical model. A neural network trained on the numerical model may be used as a substitute for computationally expensive optimization, yielding a fast evaluating surrogate of the biomechanical inverse problem. This paper proposes a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN)-based architecture trained on regression of a physiological-based biomechanical six-mass model (6 MM). To compare with previous research, the underlying biomechanical factor "subglottal pressure" prediction was tested against 288 HSV ex vivo porcine recordings. The contributions of this work are two-fold: first, the presented CRNN with the 6 MM handles multiple trajectories along the VFs, which allows for investigations on local changes in VF characteristics. Second, the network was trained to reproduce further important biomechanical model parameters like VF mass and stiffness on synthetic data. Unlike in a previous work, the network in this study is therefore an entire surrogate of the inverse problem, which allowed for explicit computation of the fitted model using our approach. The presented approach achieves a best-case mean absolute error (MAE) of 133 Pa (13.9%) in subglottal pressure prediction with 76.6% correlation on experimental data and a re-estimated fundamental frequency MAE of 15.9 Hz (9.9%). In-detail training analysis revealed subglottal pressure as the most learnable parameter. With the physiological-based model design and advances in fast parameter prediction, this work is a next step in biomechanical VF model fitting and the estimation of laryngeal kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Donhauser
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Näger C, Kniesburges S, Tur B, Schoder S, Becker S. An Investigation of Acoustic Back-Coupling in Human Phonation on a Synthetic Larynx Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1343. [PMID: 38135934 PMCID: PMC10740801 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human phonation process, acoustic standing waves in the vocal tract can influence the fluid flow through the glottis as well as vocal fold oscillation. To investigate the amount of acoustic back-coupling, the supraglottal flow field has been recorded via high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a synthetic larynx model for several configurations with different vocal tract lengths. Based on the obtained velocity fields, acoustic source terms were computed. Additionally, the sound radiation into the far field was recorded via microphone measurements and the vocal fold oscillation via high-speed camera recordings. The PIV measurements revealed that near a vocal tract resonance frequency fR, the vocal fold oscillation frequency fo (and therefore also the flow field's fundamental frequency) jumps onto fR. This is accompanied by a substantial relative increase in aeroacoustic sound generation efficiency. Furthermore, the measurements show that fo-fR-coupling increases vocal efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, harmonics-to-noise ratio and cepstral peak prominence. At the same time, the glottal volume flow needed for stable vocal fold oscillation decreases strongly. All of this results in an improved voice quality and phonation efficiency so that a person phonating with fo-fR-coupling can phonate longer and with better voice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Näger
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Kniesburges
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bogac Tur
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schoder
- Aeroacoustics and Vibroacoustics Group, Institute of Fundamentals and Theory in Electrical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Stefan Becker
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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Tur B, Gühring L, Wendler O, Schlicht S, Drummer D, Kniesburges S. Effect of Ligament Fibers on Dynamics of Synthetic, Self-Oscillating Vocal Folds in a Biomimetic Larynx Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1130. [PMID: 37892860 PMCID: PMC10604794 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic silicone larynx models are essential for understanding the biomechanics of physiological and pathological vocal fold vibrations. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of artificial ligament fibers on vocal fold vibrations in a synthetic larynx model, which is capable of replicating physiological laryngeal functions such as elongation, abduction, and adduction. A multi-layer silicone model with different mechanical properties for the musculus vocalis and the lamina propria consisting of ligament and mucosa was used. Ligament fibers of various diameters and break resistances were cast into the vocal folds and tested at different tension levels. An electromechanical setup was developed to mimic laryngeal physiology. The measurements included high-speed video recordings of vocal fold vibrations, subglottal pressure and acoustic. For the evaluation of the vibration characteristics, all measured values were evaluated and compared with parameters from ex and in vivo studies. The fundamental frequency of the synthetic larynx model was found to be approximately 200-520 Hz depending on integrated fiber types and tension levels. This range of the fundamental frequency corresponds to the reproduction of a female normal and singing voice range. The investigated voice parameters from vocal fold vibration, acoustics, and subglottal pressure were within normal value ranges from ex and in vivo studies. The integration of ligament fibers leads to an increase in the fundamental frequency with increasing airflow, while the tensioning of the ligament fibers remains constant. In addition, a tension increase in the fibers also generates a rise in the fundamental frequency delivering the physiological expectation of the dynamic behavior of vocal folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogac Tur
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucia Gühring
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Wendler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samuel Schlicht
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kniesburges
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Semmler M, Lasar S, Kremer F, Reinwald L, Wittig F, Peters G, Schraut T, Wendler O, Seyferth S, Schützenberger A, Dürr S. Extent and Effect of Covering Laryngeal Structures with Synthetic Laryngeal Mucus via Two Different Administration Techniques. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00228-X. [PMID: 37648625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The first goal of this study was to investigate the coverage of laryngeal structures using two potential administration techniques for synthetic mucus: inhalation and lozenge ingestion. As a second research question, the study investigated the potential effects of these techniques on standardized voice assessment parameters. METHODS Fluorescein was added to throat lozenges and to an inhalation solution to visualize the coverage of laryngeal structures through blue light imaging. The study included 70 vocally healthy subjects. Fifty subjects underwent administration via lozenge ingestion and 20 subjects performed the inhalation process. For the first research question, the recordings from the blue light imaging system were categorized to compare the extent of coverage on individual laryngeal structures objectively. Secondly, a standardized voice evaluation protocol was performed before and after each administration to determine any measurable effects of typical voice parameters. RESULTS The administration via inhalation demonstrated complete coverage of all laryngeal structures, including the vocal folds, ventricular folds, and arytenoid cartilages, as visualized by the fluorescent dye. In contrast, the application of the lozenge predominantly covered the pharynx and laryngeal surface toward the aryepiglottic fold, but not the inferior structures. All in all, the comparison before and after administration showed no clear effect, although a minor deterioration of the acoustic signal was noted in the shimmer and cepstral peak prominence after the inhalation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the inhalation process is a more effective technique for covering deeper laryngeal structures such as the vocal folds and ventricular folds with synthetic mucus. This knowledge enables further in vivo studies on the role of laryngeal mucus in phonation in general, and how it can be substituted or supplemented for patients with reduced glandular activity as well as for heavy voice users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Semmler
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sarina Lasar
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Kremer
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Laura Reinwald
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fiori Wittig
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gregor Peters
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schraut
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Wendler
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Seyferth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anne Schützenberger
- University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Dürr
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Schlegel P, Döllinger M, Reddy NK, Zhang Z, Chhetri DK. Validation and enhancement of a vocal fold medial surface 3D reconstruction approach for in-vivo application. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10705. [PMID: 37400470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In laryngeal research, studying the vertical vocal fold oscillation component is often disregarded. However, vocal fold oscillation by its nature is a three-dimensional process. In the past, we have developed an in-vivo experimental protocol to reconstruct the full, three-dimensional vocal fold vibration. The goal of this study is to validate this 3D reconstruction method. We present an in-vivo canine hemilarynx setup using high-speed video recording and a right-angle prism for 3D reconstruction of vocal fold medial surface vibrations. The 3D surface is reconstructed from the split image provided by the prism. For validation, reconstruction error was calculated for objects located at a distance of up to 15 mm away from the prism. The influence of camera angle, changing calibrated volume, and calibration errors were determined. Overall average 3D reconstruction error is low and does not exceed 0.12 mm at 5 mm distance from the prism. Influence of a moderate (5°) and large (10°) deviation in camera angle led to a slight increase in error to 0.16 mm and 0.17 mm, respectively. This procedure is robust towards changes in calibration volume and small calibration errors. This makes this 3D reconstruction approach a useful tool for the reconstruction of accessible and moving tissue surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schlegel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Rehabilitation Services, 1000 Veteran Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Michael Döllinger
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Neha K Reddy
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Rehabilitation Services, 1000 Veteran Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Rehabilitation Services, 1000 Veteran Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dinesh K Chhetri
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Rehabilitation Services, 1000 Veteran Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Jakubaß B, Peters G, Kniesburges S, Semmler M, Kirsch A, Gerstenberger C, Gugatschka M, Döllinger M. Effect of functional electric stimulation on phonation in an ex vivo aged ovine model. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:2803. [PMID: 37154554 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With age, the atrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM), and thus atrophy of the vocal folds, leads to decreased glottal closure, increased breathiness, and a loss in voice quality, which results in a reduced quality of life. A method to counteract the atrophy of the TAM is to induce hypertrophy in the muscle by functional electric stimulation (FES). In this study, phonation experiments were performed with ex vivo larynges of six stimulated and six unstimulated ten-year-old sheep to investigate the impact of FES on phonation. Electrodes were implanted bilaterally near the cricothyroid joint. FES treatment was provided for nine weeks before harvesting. The multimodal measurement setup simultaneously recorded high-speed video of the vocal fold oscillation, the supraglottal acoustic signal, and the subglottal pressure signal. Results of 683 measurements show a 65.6% lower glottal gap index, a 22.7% higher tissue flexibility (measured by the amplitude to length ratio), and a 473.7% higher coefficient of determination (R2) of the regression of subglottal and supraglottal cepstral peak prominence during phonation for the stimulated group. These results suggest that FES improves the phonatory process for aged larynges or presbyphonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jakubaß
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Peters
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kniesburges
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marion Semmler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Division of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Claus Gerstenberger
- Division of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Markus Gugatschka
- Division of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Michael Döllinger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Scheible F, Lamprecht R, Schaan C, Veltrup R, Henningson JO, Semmler M, Sutor A. Behind the Complex Interplay of Phonation: Investigating Elasticity of Vocal Folds With Pipette Aspiration Technique During Ex Vivo Phonation Experiments. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00096-6. [PMID: 37005126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The vibration of the vocal folds produces the primary sound for the human speech. The vibration depends mainly on the pressure, airflow of the lungs, and the material properties of the vocal folds. In order to change them, muscles in the larynx stretch the vocal folds. This interplay is rarely investigated, but can give insight in the complex process of speech production. Most material properties studies are damaging the tissue; therefore, a nondestructive one is desired. METHODS An ex vivo phonation experiment combined with the dynamic Pipette Aspiration Technique is used to investigate 10 porcine larynges, under manipulations of different adduction and elongation levels. For each manipulation, the near surface material properties of the vocal folds are measured as well as different phonation parameters like the subglottal pressure, glottal resistance, frequency, and stiffness. Thereby, a high-speed camera was used to record the vocal fold movement. RESULTS On most of the measured parameters, the manipulations do show an effect. Both manipulations lead to a higher phonation frequency and an increase of the stiffness of the tissue. Comparing both manipulations, the elongation results in higher elasticity values than the adduction. Different measurement parameters have been compared with each other and correlations could be found. Where the strongest correlation are found among the elasticity values of different frequencies. But it can also be seen that the elasticity values correlate with phonation parameters. CONCLUSION It was possible to produce a data set of 560 measurements in total. To our knowledge, this is the first time Pipette Aspiration Technique was combined with ex vivo phonation measurements for combined measurements. The amount of measurement data made it possible to carry out statistic investigations. The effect of the manipulations on material properties as well as on phonation parameters could be measured and different correlations could be found. The results lead to the hypothesis that the stretch does not have a huge effect on the material properties of the lamina propria, but more on the underlying muscle.
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Peters G, Jakubaß B, Weidenfeller K, Kniesburges S, Böhringer D, Wendler O, Mueller SK, Gostian AO, Berry DA, Döllinger M, Semmler M. Synthetic mucus for an ex vivo phonation setup: Creation, application, and effect on excised porcine larynges. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:3245. [PMID: 36586828 PMCID: PMC9729017 DOI: 10.1121/10.0015364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal mucus hydrates and lubricates the deformable tissue of the vocal folds and acts as a boundary layer with the airflow from the lungs. However, the effects of the mucus' viscoelasticity on phonation remain widely unknown and mucus has not yet been established in experimental procedures of voice research. In this study, four synthetic mucus samples were created on the basis of xanthan with focus on physiological frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties, which cover viscosities and elasticities over 2 orders of magnitude. An established ex vivo experimental setup was expanded by a reproducible and controllable application method of synthetic mucus. The application method and the suitability of the synthetic mucus samples were successfully verified by fluorescence evidence on the vocal folds even after oscillation experiments. Subsequently, the impact of mucus viscoelasticity on the oscillatory dynamics of the vocal folds, the subglottal pressure, and acoustic signal was investigated with 24 porcine larynges (2304 datasets). Despite the large differences of viscoelasticity, the phonatory characteristics remained stable with only minor statistically significant differences. Overall, this study increased the level of realism in the experimental setup for replication of the phonatory process enabling further research on pathological mucus and exploration of therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Peters
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Jakubaß
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Weidenfeller
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kniesburges
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Böhringer
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Wendler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarina K Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David A Berry
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - Michael Döllinger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marion Semmler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Döllinger M, Schraut T, Henrich LA, Chhetri D, Echternach M, Johnson AM, Kunduk M, Maryn Y, Patel RR, Samlan R, Semmler M, Schützenberger A. Re-Training of Convolutional Neural Networks for Glottis Segmentation in Endoscopic High-Speed Videos. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:9791. [PMID: 37583544 PMCID: PMC10427138 DOI: 10.3390/app12199791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic high-speed video (HSV) systems for visualization and assessment of vocal fold dynamics in the larynx are diverse and technically advancing. To consider resulting "concepts shifts" for neural network (NN)-based image processing, re-training of already trained and used NNs is necessary to allow for sufficiently accurate image processing for new recording modalities. We propose and discuss several re-training approaches for convolutional neural networks (CNN) being used for HSV image segmentation. Our baseline CNN was trained on the BAGLS data set (58,750 images). The new BAGLS-RT data set consists of additional 21,050 images from previously unused HSV systems, light sources, and different spatial resolutions. Results showed that increasing data diversity by means of preprocessing already improves the segmentation accuracy (mIoU + 6.35%). Subsequent re-training further increases segmentation performance (mIoU + 2.81%). For re-training, finetuning with dynamic knowledge distillation showed the most promising results. Data variety for training and additional re-training is a helpful tool to boost HSV image segmentation quality. However, when performing re-training, the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting should be kept in mind, i.e., adaption to new data while forgetting already learned knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Döllinger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhino-laryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schraut
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhino-laryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lea A. Henrich
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhino-laryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dinesh Chhetri
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Munich University Hospital (LMU), 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Aaron M. Johnson
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Melda Kunduk
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70801, USA
| | - Youri Maryn
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita R. Patel
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IA 47401, USA
| | - Robin Samlan
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85641, USA
| | - Marion Semmler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhino-laryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Schützenberger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhino-laryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Zhang L, Fujiki RB, Brookes S, Calcagno H, Awonusi O, Kluender K, Berry K, Venkatraman A, Maulden A, Sivasankar MP, Voytik-Harbin S, Halum S. Eliciting and Characterizing Porcine Vocalizations: When Pigs Fly. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00062-5. [PMID: 35504794 PMCID: PMC9617810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While voice-related therapeutic interventions are often researched preclinically in the porcine model, there are no well-established methods to induce porcine glottic phonation. Described approaches, such as training animals to phonate for positive reinforcement are time-consuming and plagued by inherent variability in the type of phonation produced and contamination of background noise. Thus, a reliable method of assessing glottic phonation in the porcine model is needed. METHODS In this study, we have created a novel pulley-based apparatus with harness for "pig-lifting" with surrounding acoustic insulation and high-directional microphone with digital recorder for recording phonation. Praat and Matlab were used to analyze all porcine vocalizations for fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, duration of phonation and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Glottic phonation was detected using F0 (≥2000 hz), duration (≥3 seconds) and researcher perceptual judgment. Partial-glottic phonations were also analyzed. Reliability between researcher judgment and acoustic measures for glottic phonation detection was high. RESULTS Acoustic analysis demonstrated that glottic and partial-glottic phonation was consistently elicited, with no formal training of the minipigs required. Glottic vocalizations increased with multiple lifts. Glottic phonation continued to be elicited after multiple days but became less frequent. Glottic and partial-glottic phonations had similar CPP values over the 6 experimental days. CONCLUSION Our cost-effective, reliable method of inducing and recording glottic phonation in the porcine model may provide a cost effective, preclinical tool in voice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert Brinton Fujiki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sarah Brookes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Haley Calcagno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Oluwaseyi Awonusi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keith Kluender
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kevin Berry
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Anumitha Venkatraman
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Amanda Maulden
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sherry Voytik-Harbin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Stacey Halum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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