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Field A, Corr L, Birdsey L, Langley C, Marshall B, Wood G, Hearris M, Martinho D, Carbry C, Naughton R, Fleming J, Mohr M, Krustrup P, Russell M, David Harper L. Caffeine Gum Improves Reaction Time but Reduces Composure Versus Placebo During the Extra-Time Period of Simulated Soccer Match-Play in Male Semiprofessional Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38917989 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether caffeine gum influenced perceptual-cognitive and physical performance during the extra-time period of simulated soccer match-play. Semiprofessional male soccer players (n = 12, age: 22 ± 3 years, stature: 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass: 75 ± 9 kg) performed 120-min soccer-specific exercise on two occasions. In a triple-blind, randomized, crossover design, players chewed caffeinated (200 mg; caffeine) or control (0 mg; placebo) gum for 5 min following 90 min of soccer-specific exercise. Perceptual-cognitive skills (i.e., passing accuracy, reaction time, composure, and adaptability) were assessed using a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator, collected pre- and posttrial. Neuromuscular performance (reactive-strength index, vertical jump height, absolute and relative peak power output, and negative vertical displacement) and sprint performance (15 and 30 m) were measured at pretrial, half-time, 90 min, and posttrial. Caffeine gum attenuated declines in reaction time (pre: 90.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 90.7 ± 0.8 AU) by a further 4.2% than placebo (pre: 92.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 88.2 ± 0.8 AU; p < .01). Caffeine gum reduced composure by 4.7% (pre: 69.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 65.9 ± 0.8 AU) versus placebo (pre: 68.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 68.3 ± 0.8 AU; p < .01). Caffeine gum did not influence any other variables (p > .05). Where caffeine gum is consumed by players prior to extra-time, reaction time increases but composure may be compromised, and neuromuscular and sprint performance remain unchanged. Future work should assess caffeine gum mixes with substances like L-theanine that promote a relaxed state under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Field
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Corr
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Birdsey
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Langley
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hearris
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Martinho
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christa Carbry
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Robins High Performance Centre, Bristol City Football Club, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Fleming
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, England
| | - Magni Mohr
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liam David Harper
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Stables RG, Hannon MP, Jacob AD, Topping O, Costello NB, Boddy LM, Hambly C, Speakman JR, Sodhi JS, Close GL, Morton JP. Daily energy requirements of male academy soccer players are greater than age-matched non-academy soccer players: A doubly labelled water investigation. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1218-1230. [PMID: 37811806 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2263707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) of male academy soccer players is greater than players not enrolled on a formalised academy programme. English Premier League academy (ACAD: n = 8, 13 years, 50 ± 6 kg, 88 ± 3% predicted adult stature, PAS) and non-academy players (NON-ACAD: n = 6, 13 years, 53 ± 12 kg, 89 ± 3% PAS) were assessed for TDEE (via doubly labelled water) during a 14-day in-season period. External loading was evaluated during training (ACAD: 8 sessions, NON-ACAD: 2 sessions) and games (2 games for both ACAD and NON-ACAD) via GPS, and daily physical activity was evaluated using triaxial accelerometry. Accumulative duration of soccer activity (ACAD: 975 ± 23 min, NON-ACAD: 397 ± 2 min; p < 0.01), distance covered (ACAD: 54.2 ± 8.3 km, NON-ACAD: 21.6 ± 4.7 km; p < 0.05) and time engaged in daily moderate-to-vigorous (ACAD: 124 ± 17 min, NON-ACAD: 79 ± 18 min; p < 0.01) activity was greater in academy players. Academy players displayed greater absolute (ACAD: 3380 ± 517 kcal · d-1, NON-ACAD: 2641 ± 308 kcal · d-1; p < 0.05) and relative TDEE (ACAD: 66 ± 6 kcal · kg · d-1, NON-ACAD: 52 ± 10 kcal · kg · d-1; p < 0.05) versus non-academy players. Given the injury risk associated with high training volumes during growth and maturation, data demonstrate the requirement for academy players to consume sufficient energy (and carbohydrate) intake to support the enhanced energy cost of academy programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben G Stables
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus P Hannon
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam D Jacob
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Oliver Topping
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nessan B Costello
- Carnegie Faculty, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Lynne M Boddy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jazz S Sodhi
- Bodymoor Heath Training Ground, Aston Villa Football Club, Tamworth, UK
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Louis J, Bennett S, Owens DJ, Tiollier E, Brocherie F, Carneiro MAS, Nunes PRP, Costa B, Castro-e-Souza P, Lima LA, Lisboa F, Oliveira-Júnior G, Kassiano W, Cyrino ES, Orsatti FL, Bossi AH, Matta G, Tolomeu de Oliveira G, Renato Melo F, Rocha Soares E, Ocelli Ungheri B, Daros Pinto M, Nuzzo JL, Latella C, van den Hoek D, Mallard A, Spathis J, DeBlauw JA, Ives SJ, Ravanelli N, Narang BJ, Debevec T, Baptista LC, Padrão AI, Oliveira J, Mota J, Zacca R, Nikolaidis PT, Lott DJ, Forbes SC, Cooke K, Taivassalo T, Elmer SJ, Durocher JJ, Fernandes RJ, Silva G, Costa MJ. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Hoping for the best, prepared for the worst: can we perform remote data collection in sport sciences? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1433-1440. [PMID: 36509417 PMCID: PMC9762970 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Bennett
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Tiollier
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Marcelo A. S. Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil,Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo P. Nunes
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil,Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Castro-e-Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luís A. Lima
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lisboa
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gersiel Oliveira-Júnior
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil,Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fábio L. Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Arthur Henrique Bossi
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,The Mountain Bike Centre of Scotland, Peel Tower, Peebles, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme Matta
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Géssyca Tolomeu de Oliveira
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil,Aquatic Activities Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ferreira Renato Melo
- Aquatic Activities Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Everton Rocha Soares
- Physical Evaluation and Resistance Training Research Group, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ocelli Ungheri
- Leisure, Management and Policy Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Daros Pinto
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James L. Nuzzo
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Latella
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia,Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel van den Hoek
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alistair Mallard
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jemima Spathis
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin A. DeBlauw
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States
| | - Nicholas Ravanelli
- School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Narang
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Ana Isabel Padrão
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Zacca
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Donovan J. Lott
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Sean C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Korey Cooke
- University of Florida Health Rehab Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Tanja Taivassalo
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Steven J. Elmer
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States
| | - John J. Durocher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Human Health Program, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, United States,Integrative Physiology and Health Sciences Center, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, United States
| | - Ricardo J. Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Silva
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário J. Costa
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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