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Martiny L, Dias G, Ferreira JP, Mendes R, Mendes R. Flow Training Program: Mindfulness, Decision Making, and Mental Well-Being of Young and Adult Elite Handball Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:160. [PMID: 38921854 PMCID: PMC11209516 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of a flow training program based on mindfulness applied to young and adult elite handball athletes. A quantitative, quasi-experimental, descriptive data analysis approach was carried out. The sample included 105 athletes (51 female and 54 male). The athletes were divided into two groups: (i) experimental (n = 53) and (ii) control (n = 52). The results of the repeated ANOVA indicated that the experimental group achieved significant improvements compared to the control group in decision making (n2p = 0.086), mental well-being (n2p = 0.045), dispositional flow state (n2p = 0.103), non-judgment (n2p = 0.040), refocusing (n2p = 0.052), and mindful traits in daily life (n2p = 0.058). A Pearson analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between dispositional flow state and mindfulness in sport and mental well-being. The correlation analysis also showed an inverse correlation between decision making and sense of control and mindful traits in daily life. The findings revealed that the program can be effective in decision making, mental well-being, dispositional flow state, mindfulness in sport, and mindful traits in daily lives of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martiny
- Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59190-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Gonçalo Dias
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Education School, Rua Dom João III—Solum, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.D.); (R.M.)
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratório RoboCorp, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.F.); (R.M.)
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mendes
- Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.P.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Rui Mendes
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Education School, Rua Dom João III—Solum, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.D.); (R.M.)
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratório RoboCorp, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
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Reinebo G, Björverud LG, Parling T, Andersson G, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Lundgren T. Development and experiences of an internet-based acceptance and commitment training (I-ACT) intervention in ice hockey players: a qualitative feasibility study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1297631. [PMID: 38584684 PMCID: PMC10995355 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1297631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet-based psychological interventions have increased the accessibility of evidence-based treatments in clinical psychology but are still an unexplored delivery format in sport psychology research. This study describes the development and evaluates the experiences of an internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy/training (I-ACT) intervention in ice hockey players focusing on performance enhancement and a sustainable sport participation. I-ACT consisted of seven weekly modules and the feasibility of the intervention was investigated using a qualitative research design. Four national level ice hockey players took part of I-ACT and were interviewed about their experiences using a semi-structured protocol. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings suggest that the content of I-ACT was comprehensible, relevant, and that it was possible to put the psychological skills into practice. I-ACT was described as helpful to the ice hockey players either in their sport performance or in their life outside of sport. The internet-format was generally perceived as positive, flexible, and a feasible option for delivering psychological interventions in an elite sport context. Some concerns were raised regarding the timing of the intervention at the end of the season, and some players also wished for more time to complete I-ACT. It was also expressed that some of the exercises could have been better adapted for goaltenders. Further trials are needed to evaluate the effects of I-ACT on performance and mental health outcomes in various sport populations using robust quantitative research methodology. Internet-based psychological interventions are a potential future opportunity to make evidence-based practices more accessible for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Reinebo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda G. Björverud
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Parling
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lundgren
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sabzevari F, Samadi H, Ayatizadeh F, Machado S. Effectiveness of Mindfulness-acceptance-commitment based approach for Rumination, Cognitive Flexibility and Sports Performance of Elite Players of Beach Soccer: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 2-months Follow-up. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2023; 19:e174501792303282. [PMID: 37916212 PMCID: PMC10487324 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-e230419-2022-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective There is little research on the effectiveness of new approaches to psychology, including mindfulness-acceptance-commitment, especially in team disciplines. Therefore, this study compared mindfulness-acceptance and commitment-based approaches to rumination, cognitive flexibility, and sports performance of elite beach soccer players during a two-month follow-up. Methods The research design consisted of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with follow-up. Thus, 34 players of the premier league of beach soccer were randomly divided into intervention and control groups based on mindfulness acceptance and commitment. The experimental group exercises consisted of one session per week for 7 weeks and daily homework. Participants filled out the questionnaires of the Ruminative Response Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Sports Performance Questionnaire before, after, and at two months of follow-up of the intervention. Results Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to evaluate the changes over time and compare the scores of the subjects of the two groups. The results showed a significant difference in mindfulness-acceptance and commitment intervention in the experimental group on pre- vs. post-test and pre-test vs. follow-up scores of research variables. Also, a comparison of groups using independent T-test analysis showed a significant effect of mindfulness-acceptance and commitment exercises on research variables in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion Findings suggest that mindfulness, commitment, and acceptance exercises can be used as a new method to reduce rumination and increase cognitive flexibility and sports performance of elite beach soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Samadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Ayatizadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados-RJ, Brazil
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Diotaiuti P, Valente G, Corrado S, Mancone S. Assessing Decentering Capacity in Athletes: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3324. [PMID: 36834019 PMCID: PMC9962655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Decentering has received more attention in sports literature as a self-regulating skill capable of significantly limiting episodes of mental block in competitive situations. This contribution depicts a comparative study conducted with 375 Italian national and international athletes. The objective was to evaluate athletes' decentralization skills across different sports and levels of competition and test a mediation model of decentering in sports with coping and emotional balance variables. Pearson bivariate correlations, linear hierarchical regression, and simple mediation analysis were conducted for all main measures (The Decentering Sport Scale, The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and The Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced). Outputs reported significant associations with emotional regulation and coping styles. Mediation analysis confirmed the central mediating role of decentering capacity which has indirect effects on both the coping ability of problem solving (z-value = 2.986; p = 0.003) and cognitive reappraisal (z-value = 2.779; p = 0.005). Decentering acts as a mediator between an athlete's positive attitude, problem-orientation ability, and management of emotions in competition through cognitive reappraisal. The study highlights the significance of evaluating and enhancing decentralization skills in order to establish specific action mechanisms, which are crucial for both peak performance and the athlete's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
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Zhang CQ, Li X, Si G, Chung PK, Huang Z, Gucciardi DF. Examining the roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout: A longitudinal study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 64:102341. [PMID: 37665822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Athlete burnout is a maladaptive outcome that is potentially detrimental for performance and wellbeing. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that mindfulness might be associated with athlete burnout via experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. In the current study, we extend knowledge of these hypothesized mediational pathways using a longitudinal design. METHODS Data was collected at three occasions with a three-month interval. A final sample of 280 elite Chinese athletes aged 15-32 years (Mage = 19.13; SD = 2.92; Female = 130) reported their mindfulness at Time 1, experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion at Time 2, and athlete burnout at Time 3. Structural equation modelling was adopted to examine the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout. RESULTS We found statistically meaningful directs effects from mindfulness (Time 1) to experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion (Time 2), which in turn influenced athlete burnout (Time 3). However, the direct effect from mindfulness at Time 1 to athlete burnout at Time 3 was non-significant. The indirect effects of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout were significant, providing longitudinal evidence that these two variables contribute meaningfully to the mindfulness-burnout pathway. CONCLUSION With initial evidence for the mediating effects of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion, future studies could consider using experimental designs to examine the potential changing mechanisms of mindfulness on reducing athlete burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangyan Si
- Sport Psychology Center, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Reyes-Bossio M, Corcuera-Bustamante S, Veliz-Salinas G, Villas Boas Junior M, Delgado-Campusano M, Brocca-Alvarado P, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Casas-Apayco L, Tutte-Vallarino V, Carbajal-León C, Brandão R. Effects of psychological interventions on high sports performance: A systematic review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1068376. [PMID: 36605277 PMCID: PMC9808031 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1068376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intervention programs in sports psychology aid to modify the thoughts and behaviors of athletes in order to improve their performance in sports settings. For high-performance athletes, these interventions are very relevant, given that they constantly face pressure towards obtaining sporting achievements. Methods This systematic review aims to analyze the scientific articles between 2010 and 2020 that evaluated the effect of psychological interventions on high-performance athletes. In the search procedure, nine studies were selected, the most studied variables were psychological skills, psychological flexibility, and stress. Results The 44% of the interventions were designed by the research authors themselves, while the remaining 56% were replicated programs, which already had scientific evidence. Discussion Psychological interventions have a positive impact on sports performance. This review allows sports institutions and professionals to have more knowledge and resources at their disposal to implement these types of programs in their sports planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru,*Correspondence: Mario Reyes-Bossio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie Casas-Apayco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Jiang Y, Bao C. Human-centered artificial intelligence-based ice hockey sports classification system with web 4.0. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/jisys-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Systems with human-centered artificial intelligence are always as good as their ability to consider their users’ context when making decisions. Research on identifying people’s everyday activities has evolved rapidly, but little attention has been paid to recognizing both the activities themselves and the motions they make during those tasks. Automated monitoring, human-to-computer interaction, and sports analysis all benefit from Web 4.0. Every sport has gotten its move, and every move is not known to everyone. In ice hockey, every move cannot be monitored by the referee. Here, Convolution Neural Network-based Real-Time Image Processing Framework (CNN-RTIPF) is introduced to classify every move in Ice Hockey. CNN-RTIPF can reduce the challenges in monitoring the player’s move individually. The image of every move is captured and compared with the trained data in CNN. These real-time captured images are processed using a human-centered artificial intelligence system. They compared images predicted by probability calculation of the trained set of images for effective classification. Simulation analysis shows that the proposed CNN-RTIPF can classify real-time images with improved classification ratio, sensitivity, and error rate. The proposed CNN-RTIPF has been validated based on the optimization parameter for reliability. To improve the algorithm for movement identification and train the system for many other everyday activities, human-centered artificial intelligence-based Web 4.0 will continue to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Sport, Qiqihar University , Qiqihar , 161000 , China
| | - Chuncai Bao
- Department of Sport, Sports Group, NeheChengnan Central School , Qiqihar , 161300 , China
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8
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Tutte-Vallarino V, Malán-Ernst E, Reyes-Bossio M, Peinado-Portero A, de Álvaro JI, Ortín Montero FJ, Garcés de Los Fayos Ruiz EJ. Relationship between resilience, optimism, and burnout in Pan-American athletes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1048033. [PMID: 36452394 PMCID: PMC9703057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1048033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM A series of knowledge has been developed on burnout syndrome in the sports context that has allowed to generate a solid theoretical structure that requires new contributions to delve into those aspects that have been less addressed, as is the case of optimism and resilience when it comes to linking them to the syndrome in top-performance athletes. For this purpose, the Burnout Inventory for Athletes (IBD-r), the Resilience Scale adapted to Spanish, and the Life Orientation Scale-Revised (LOT-R) for optimism were used. METHODS From this perspective, the study was approached with 121 Uruguayan athletes who participated in the last Pan-American Games, assuming practically all the subjects who have this level of sport (142) considering gender and type of sport. RESULTS The results indicate that 67% of the sample presents burnout symptoms for the emotional exhaustion dimension, and moderate resilience and optimism. Although there are no significant differences attributable to gender or type of sport, this contribution allows us to continue focusing on future work and further analysis. The type of sport presented statistically significant differences in relation to the personal competence dimension and the type of sport. CONCLUSION Resilience and optimism obtained a clear influence on the occurrence of burnout, in a statistically negative sense, showing themselves as interesting prevention strategies for future lines of research, where it is essential to design interventions that teach emotional skills to manage adversity and prevent burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefanía Malán-Ernst
- Departamento de Bienestar y Salud, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
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Ekelund R, Holmström S, Stenling A. Mental Health in Athletes: Where Are the Treatment Studies? Front Psychol 2022; 13:781177. [PMID: 35859831 PMCID: PMC9289539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.781177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, athletes’ mental health has gained interest among researchers, sport practitioners, and the media. However, the field of sport psychology lacks empirical evidence on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Thus far, intervention research in sport psychology has mainly focused on performance enhancement using between-subject designs and healthy athlete samples. In the current paper, we highlight three interrelated key issues in relation to treating mental health problems and disorders in athletes. (i) How are mental health and mental health problems and disorders defined in the sport psychology literature? (ii) How are prevalence rates of mental health problems and disorders in athletes determined? (iii) What is known about psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health problems and disorders in athletes? We conclude that the reliance on different definitions and assessments of mental health problems and disorders contributes to heterogeneous prevalence rates. In turn, this limits our understanding of the extent of mental health problems and disorders in athletes. Furthermore, knowledge of the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for athletes with mental health problems and disorders is scarce. Future research should include athletes with established mental health problems and disorders in intervention studies. We also propose an increased use of N-of-1 trials to enhance the knowledge of effective psychotherapeutic interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Ekelund
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Rebecka Ekelund,
| | - Stefan Holmström
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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10
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Beattie KL, Hill A, Horswill MS, Grove PM, Stevenson ARL. Aptitude and attitude: predictors of performance during and after basic laparoscopic skills training. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:3467-3479. [PMID: 34370121 PMCID: PMC8351236 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Manual dexterity and visual-spatial ability are considered key to the development of superior laparoscopic skills. Nevertheless, these abilities do not reliably explain all the variance found in the technical performance of surgical trainees. Consequently, we must look beyond these abilities to improve our understanding of laparoscopic skills and to better identify/develop surgical potential earlier on. Purpose To assess the individual and collective impact of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables on performance during and after basic simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. Method Thirty-four medical students (laparoscopic novices) completed a proficiency-based laparoscopic skills training program (using either a 2D or 3D viewing mode). This was followed by one testing session, a follow-up testing session with new (yet similar) tasks, and a series of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological measures. Results The statistical models that best predicted variance in training performance metrics included four variables: viewingmode (2D vs 3D), psychologicalflexibility, perceivedtaskdemands, and manualdexterity (bimanual). In subsequent testing, a model that included viewingmode and manualdexterity (assembly) best predicted performance on the pre-practiced tasks. However, for a highly novel, spatially complex laparoscopic task, performance was best predicted by a model that comprised viewingmode, visual-spatialability, and perceivedtaskdemands. At follow-up, manualdexterity (assembly) alone was the best predictor of performance on new (yet similar) tasks. Conclusion By focussing exclusively on physical/cognitive abilities, we may overlook other important predictors of surgical performance (e.g. psychological variables). The present findings suggest that laparoscopic performance may be more accurately explained through the combined effects of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables. Further, the results suggest that the predictors may change with both task demands and the development of the trainee. This study highlights the key role of psychological skills in overcoming initial training challenges, with far-reaching implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Beattie
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrew Hill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Clinical Skills Development Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark S Horswill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Grove
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew R L Stevenson
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Lundgren T, Reinebo G, Fröjmark MJ, Jäder E, Näslund M, Svartvadet P, Samuelsson U, Parling T. Acceptance and Commitment Training for Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2021; 12:685260. [PMID: 34367007 PMCID: PMC8339210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent systematic reviews on the topic of mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches in sport psychology conclude that there is a need for further trials using a more robust research methodology with direct performance as outcome. Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) is a contextual behavioral change method that focuses on facilitating psychological processes such as values, committed action, acceptance and mindfulness. In the present study designed as a randomized controlled trial, 34 junior elite ice hockey players were allocated into either an ACT group intervention or a wait list control group. Results showed significant effects on both objective performance outcomes (goals, assists, and taken shots) and blinded coach ratings of players' performance, focus and commitment to their development in favor of the ACT group. Effects lasted at 3-month follow-up for the coach ratings, but not for the objective performance measures. All ACT trained players recommended ACT to other players and considered the training as important for their development as ice hockey players. The results add to the growing body of evidence on ACT interventions for athletes and its effect on performance. Future studies should investigate the maintenance of effects from the psychological training over time, using robust research methodology and investigate theoretical coherent potential mediating variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lundgren
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Reinebo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Jansson Fröjmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Jäder
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Parling
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Johles L, Gustafsson H, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Classon C, Hasselqvist J, Lundgren T. Psychological Flexibility Among Competitive Athletes: A Psychometric Investigation of a New Scale. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:110. [PMID: 33345099 PMCID: PMC7739682 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in applying acceptance and mindfulness interventions among athletes. However, there is a lack of sport-specific psychometrically evaluated scales to measure the impact of these interventions. The present study describes the development of a measure: the Psychological Flexibility in Sport Scale (PFSS). Its validity was tested in two studies. In the first study, with 152 elite athletes from various sports, explorative factor analysis was used to evaluate the scale's validity, and one factor emerged with seven items. Significant correlations between psychological flexibility, performance, and quality of life were found. Moreover, the PFSS was significantly negatively associated with age, number of years in sport, and number of years as an elite athlete. In the second study, the confirmatory factor analysis with a new population (252 athletes) supported the one-factor solution. Further, positive associations were found with anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI-I), indicating construct validity. In conclusion, this study presents a scale for measuring psychological flexibility in a broad range of athletes, with satisfactory psychometric properties and the potential to be a useful instrument for both researchers and clinicians in the sport field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis Johles
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gustafsson
- Department of Educational Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Classon
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Hasselqvist
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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