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Wu C, Luo M, Xie D, Zhong S, Xu J, Lu D. Kinetic Characterization of Estradiol Glucuronidation by Liver Microsomes and Expressed UGT Enzymes: The Effects of Organic Solvents. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024:10.1007/s13318-024-00888-2. [PMID: 38472634 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In vitro glucuronidation of 17β-estradiol (estradiol) is often performed to assess the role of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) in xenobiotic/drug metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of four commonly used organic solvents [i.e., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile] on the glucuronidation kinetics of estradiol, which can be glucuronidated at C3 and C17 positions. METHODS The impacts of organic solvents on estradiol glucuronidation were determined by using expressed UGT enzymes and liver microsomes from both human and animals. RESULTS In human liver microsomes (HLM), methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile significantly altered estradiol glucuronidation kinetics with increased Vmax (up to 2.6-fold) and CLmax (up to 2.8-fold) values. Altered estradiol glucuronidation in HLM was deduced to be attributed to the enhanced metabolic activities of UGT1A1 and UGT2B7, whose activities differ at the two glucuronidation positions. The effects of organic solvents on estradiol glucuronidation were glucuronidation position-, isozyme-, and solvent-specific. Furthermore, both ethanol and acetonitrile have a greater tendency to modify the glucuronidation activity of estradiol in animal liver microsomes. CONCLUSION Organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile showed great potential in adjusting the glucuronidation of estradiol. DMSO is the most suitable solvent due to its minimal influence on estradiol glucuronidation. Researchers should be cautious in selecting appropriate solvents to get accurate results when assessing the metabolism of a new chemical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meixue Luo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dihao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Simin Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Hou L, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang X, Yao X, Yang J, Wang Z, Chan ECY, Liu S. Ciprofol is primarily glucuronidated by UGT1A9 and predicted not to cause drug-drug interactions with typical substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110811. [PMID: 37993078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofol is a novel intravenous anesthetic agent. Its major glucuronide metabolite, M4, is found in plasma and urine. However, the specific isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) that metabolize ciprofol to M4 remain unknown. This study systematically characterized UGTs that contribute to the formation of M4 using human liver microsomes (HLM), human intestinal microsomes (HIM), and human recombinant UGTs. The inhibitory potential of ciprofol and M4 against major human UGTs and cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) was also explored. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulations were performed to predict potential in vivo drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by ciprofol. Glucuronidation of ciprofol followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in both HLM and HIM with apparent Km values of 345 and 412 μM, Vmax values of 2214 and 444 nmol min-1·mg protein-1, respectively. The in vitro intrinsic clearances (CLint = Vmax/Km) for ciprofol glucuronidation by HLM and HIM were 6.4 and 1.1 μL min-1·mg protein-1, respectively. Human recombinant UGT studies revealed that UGT1A9 is the predominant isoform mediating M4 formation, followed by UGT1A7, with UGT1A8 playing a minor role. Ciprofol competitively inhibited CYP1A2 (Ki = 12 μM) and CYP2B6 (Ki = 4.7 μM), and noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C19 (Ki = 29 μM). No time-dependent inhibition by ciprofol was noted for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2C19. In contrast, M4 showed limited or no inhibitory effects against selected P450s. Neither ciprofol nor M4 inhibited UGTs significantly. Initial IVIVE suggested potential ciprofol-mediated inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 inhibition in vivo. However, PBPK simulations showed no significant effect on phenacetin, bupropion, and S-mephenytoin exposure or peak plasma concentration. Our findings are pertinent for future DDI studies of ciprofol as either a perpetrator or victim drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XueXia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Lv X, Wang Z, Wang Z, Yin H, Xia Y, Jiang L, Liu Y. Inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme by ripretinib: Implications for drug-drug interactions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 466:116490. [PMID: 36963523 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Ripretinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the first FDA approved fourth-line therapy for adults with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Studies have shown that several TKIs for treating GIST were potent inhibitors of human UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGTs) enzymes. However, whether ripretinib affects the activity of UGTs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ripretinib on major UGT isoforms, as well as to evaluate its potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) risk caused by the inhibition of UGTs activities. The inhibitory effects and inhibition modes of ripretinib on UGTs were systematically evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme kinetic studies, respectively. Our data showed that ripretinib exhibited potent inhibition against UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A7 and UGT1A8. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that ripretinib was not only a competitive inhibitor of UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT1A7, but also a noncompetitive inhibitor of UGT1A3, as well as a mixed inhibitor of UGT1A8. The prediction results of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) demonstrated that ripretinib might bring the potential risk of DDIs when combined with substrates of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A7 or UGT1A8. Therefore, special attention should be paid when ripretinib is used in conjunction with other drugs metabolized by UGTs to avoid risk of DDIs in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
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Chen C, Chen X, Mo Q, Liu J, Yao X, Di X, Qin Z, He L, Yao Z. Cytochrome P450 metabolism studies of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [10]-gingerol by liver microsomes of humans and different species combined with expressed CYP enzymes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5804-5812. [PMID: 36816071 PMCID: PMC9933181 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingerols, mainly [6]-gingerol (6G), [8]-gingerol (8G), and [10]-gingerol (10G), are the functional and specific pungent phytochemicals in ginger. However, poor oral bioavailability limits their applications owing to extensive metabolism. The present study aims to characterize the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic characteristics of 6G, 8G, and 10G by using pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), different animal liver microsomes, and the expressed CYP enzymes. It is shown that NADPH-dependent oxidation and hydrogenation metabolisms of gingerols are the main metabolic types in HLM. With the increase of the carbon chain, the polarity of gingerols decreases and the formation of hydrogenated metabolites is more efficient (CLint: 1.41 μL min-1 mg-1 for 6G, 7.79 μL min-1 mg-1 for 8G and 14.11 μL min-1 mg-1 for 10G), indicating that the phase I metabolism of gingerols by HLM varied with the chemical structure of the substrate. The phase I metabolism of gingerols revealed considerable species variations, and compared to HLM, novel metabolites such as (3S,5S)-gingerdiols and demethylated metabolites are generated in some animal liver microsomes. The primary enzymes involved in the oxidized and demethylated metabolism of these gingerols are CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, but their affinities for gingerols are not the same. CYP2D6 and CYP2B6 contributed significantly to the formation of (3R,5S)-[8]-gingerdiol and (3R,5S)-[10]-gingerdiol, respectively; however, the enzyme responsible for the production of (3R,5S)-[6]-gingerediol is yet to be identified. Some metabolites in microsomes cannot be detected by the 12 investigated CYP enzymes, which may be related to the combined effects of multiple enzymes in microsomes, the different affinity of mixed liver microsomes and CYP enzymes, gene polymorphisms, etc. Overall, this work provides a deeper knowledge of the influence of CYP metabolism on the gingerols, as well as the mode of action and the possibility for drug-herbal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education of China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xintong Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education of China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Qingmei Mo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education of China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University103 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education of China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University103 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China
| | - Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education of China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education of China/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
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5
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Zhu L, Lv H, Xiao L, Hou Y, Li W, Ge G, Ai C. Diverse effects of α-/β-estradiol on catalytic activities of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106196. [PMID: 36181991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
β-estradiol (β-E2) and α-estradiol (α-E2) act as an endo- and an exon-estrogen in humans, respectively. There is a structural variation in C17-OH configuration of the two estrogens. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) are responsible for termination of activities of a variety of endogenous hormones, clinical drugs, and environmental toxicants. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of the two estrogens towards catalytic activities of UGTs. It was found that β-E2 could decrease activities of UGT1A9, - 2B4 and - 2B7, with Ki values of a few micro-molars. β-E2 could additionally accelerate the activity of UGT2B17 via promoting enzyme-substrate binding and increasing the turn over number. Comparatively, α-E2 displayed much stronger inhibitory potentials towards UGT2B7 and - 2B4, but showed little influence to UGT1A9 and - 2B17. The Ki values for inhibition of UGT2B7 in glucuronidation of different substrates by α-E2 were in a nanomolar range that is only about 1/100-1/50 of β-E2. UGT2B7 structural model was fatherly constructed to explore the mechanism underlying dramatically different inhibition selectivity of the two estrogens. Compared to β-E2, α-E2 formed more hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonded interactions with the residues in the active pocket. It is concluded that the configuration of E2-17-OH determines the inhibitory potentials towards UGTs. The results are useful in better understanding ligand selectivity of UGTs, as well as in further development of α-E2 in health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- School of Life Science and Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation & Water Ecosystem Restoration, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Hui Lv
- School of Life Science and Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation & Water Ecosystem Restoration, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection & Pollution Control of Yangtze River, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Yanyao Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- School of Life Science and Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation & Water Ecosystem Restoration, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunzhi Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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6
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Panitchpakdi M, Weldon KC, Jarmusch AK, Gentry EC, Choi A, Sepulveda Y, Aguirre S, Sun K, Momper JD, Dorrestein PC, Tsunoda SM. Non-invasive skin sampling detects systemically administered drugs in humans. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271794. [PMID: 35881585 PMCID: PMC9321436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical testing typically relies on invasive blood draws and biopsies. Alternative methods of sample collection are continually being developed to improve patient experience; swabbing the skin is one of the least invasive sampling methods possible. To show that skin swabs in combination with untargeted mass spectrometry (metabolomics) can be used for non-invasive monitoring of an oral drug, we report the kinetics and metabolism of diphenhydramine in healthy volunteers (n = 10) over the course of 24 hours in blood and three regions of the skin. Diphenhydramine and its metabolites were observed on the skin after peak plasma levels, varying by compound and skin location, and is an illustrative example of how systemically administered molecules can be detected on the skin surface. The observation of diphenhydramine directly from the skin supports the hypothesis that both parent drug and metabolites can be qualitatively measured from a simple non-invasive swab of the skin surface. The mechanism of the drug and metabolites pathway to the skin’s surface remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Panitchpakdi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly C. Weldon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alan K. Jarmusch
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Gentry
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Arianna Choi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yadira Sepulveda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shaden Aguirre
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kunyang Sun
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shirley M. Tsunoda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu J, Shi Y, Wu C, Hong B, Peng D, Yu N, Wang G, Wang L, Chen W. Comparison of Sweated and Non-Sweated Ethanol Extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) Effects on Human and rat Hepatic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase and Preclinic Herb-Drug Interaction Potential Evaluation. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:473-483. [PMID: 35585828 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220517115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethanol of Danshen (DEE) preparation has been widely used to treat cardiac-cerebral disease and cancer. Sweating is one of the primary processing methods of Danshen, which greatly influenced its quality and pharmacological properties. Sweated and non-sweated DEE preparation combining with various synthetic drugs, adding up the possibility of herbal-drug interactions. OBJECTIVE This study explored the effects of sweated and non-sweated DEE on human and rat hepatic UGT enzymes expression and activity and proposed a potential mechanism. METHODS The expression of two processed DEE on rat UGT1A, UGT2B and nuclear receptors including pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were investigated after intragastric administration in rats by Western blot. Enzyme activity of DEE and its active ingredients (Tanshinone I, Cryptotanshinone, and Tanshinone I) on UGT isoenzymes was evaluated by quantifying probe substrate metabolism and metabolite formation in vitro using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. RESULTS The two processed DEE (5.40 g/kg) improved UGT1A (P<0.01) and UGT2B (P<0.05) protein expression, and the non-sweated DEE (2.70 g/kg) upregulated UGT2B expression protein (P<0.05), compared with the CMCNa group. On day 28, UGT1A protein expression was increased (P<0.05) both in two processed DEE groups, meanwhile the non-sweated DEE significantly enhanced UGT2B protein expression (P<0.05) on day 21, compared with the CMCNa group. The process underlying this mechanism involved with the activation of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, and PPARα; In vitro, sweated DEE (0-80 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the activity of human UGT1A7 (P<0.05) and rat UGT1A1, 1A8, and 1A9 (P<0.05). Non-sweated DEE (0-80 μg/mL) dramatically suppressed the activity of human UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, 1A7, 2B4, and 2B15, and rat UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A7, and 1A9 (P<0.05); Tanshinone I (0-1 μM) inhibited the activity of human UGT1A3, 1A6, and 1A7 (P<0.01) and rat UGT1A3, 1A6, 1A7, and 1A8 (P<0.05). Cryptotanshinone (0-1 μM) remarkably inhibited the activity of human UGT1A3 and 1A7 (P<0.05) and rat UGT1A7, 1A8, and 1A9 (P<0.05). Nonetheless, Tanshinone IIA (0-2 μM) is not a potent UGT inhibitor both in humans and rats; Additionally, there existed significant differences between two processed DEE in expression of PXR, and the activity of human UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, and 2B15 and rat UGT1A3 and 2B15 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The effects of two processed DEE on hepatic UGT enzyme expression and activity were different. Accordingly, the combined usage of related UGTs substrates with DEE and its monomer components preparations may call for caution, depending on the drug's exposure-response relationship and dose adjustment. Besides, it is vital to pay attention to the distinction between sweated and non-sweated Danshen in clinic, which exerted an important influence on its pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Bangzhen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guokai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
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Seibert E, Tracy TS. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten and Non-Michaelis-Type (Atypical) Enzyme Kinetics. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2342:3-27. [PMID: 34272689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This chapter will provide a general introduction to the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, including a general discussion of catalysts, reaction rates, and binding constants. This section will be followed by a discussion of various types of enzyme kinetics observed in drug metabolism reactions. A large number of enzymatic reactions can be adequately described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten equation represents a rectangular hyperbola, with a y-asymptote at the Vmax value. However, in other cases, more complex kinetic models are required to explain the observed data. Atypical kinetic profiles are believed to arise from the simultaneous binding of multiple molecules within the active site of the enzyme (Tracy and Hummel, Drug Metab Rev 36:231-242, 2004). Several cytochromes P450 (CYPs) have large active sites that enable binding of multiple molecules (Yano et al., J Biol Chem 279:38091-38094, 2004; Wester et al., J Biol Chem 279:35630-35637, 2004). Thus, atypical kinetics are not uncommon in in vitro drug metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore Seibert
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.
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9
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Leow JWH, Verma RK, Lim ABH, Fan H, Chan ECY. Atypical kinetics of cytochrome P450 2J2: Epoxidation of arachidonic acid and reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105889. [PMID: 34044117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to bioactive regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) is implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we aimed to characterize atypical substrate inhibition kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway and its reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors when AA is used as the physiologically-relevant substrate vis-à-vis conventional probe substrate astemizole (AST). As compared to typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics observed for AST, complete substrate inhibition was observed for CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to 14,15-EET whereby velocity of the reaction declined significantly at concentrations of AA above 20-30 µM with an estimated substrate inhibition constant (Ks) of 31 µM. In silico sequential docking of two AA substrates to orthosteric (OBS) and adjacent secondary binding sites (SBS) within a 3-dimensional homology model of CYP2J2 revealed favorable and comparable binding poses of glide-scores -3.1 and -3.8 respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations ascertained CYP2J2 conformational stability with dual AA substrate binding as time-dependent root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of protein Cα atoms and ligand heavy atoms stabilized to a plateau in all but one trajectory (n=6). The distance between heme-iron and ω6 (C14, C15) double bond of AA in OBS also increased from 7.5 ± 1.4 Å to 8.5 ± 1.8 Å when CYP2J2 was simulated with only AA in OBS versus the presence of AA in both OBS and SBS (p<0.001), supporting the observed in vitro substrate inhibition phenomenon. Poor correlation was observed between inhibitory constants (Ki) determined for a panel of nine competitive and mixed mode xenobiotic inhibitors against CYP2J2 metabolism of AA as compared to AST, whereby 4 out of 9 drugs had a greater than 5-fold difference between Ki values. Nonlinear Eadie-Hofstee plots illustrated that complete substrate inhibition of CYP2J2 by AA was not attenuated even at high concentrations of xenobiotic inhibitors which further corroborates that CYP2J2 may accommodate three or more ligands simultaneously. In light of the atypical kinetics, our results highlight the importance of using physiologically-relevant substrates in in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays for the characterization of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions which is applicable to other complex endogenous metabolic pathways beyond CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to EETs. The accurate determination of Ki would further facilitate the association of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions to observed therapeutic or toxic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Amos Boon Hao Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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10
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Zhou J, Argikar UA, Miners JO. Enzyme Kinetics of Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:301-338. [PMID: 34272700 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation, catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), is an important process for the metabolism and clearance of many lipophilic chemicals, including drugs, environmental chemicals, and endogenous compounds. Glucuronidation is a bisubstrate reaction that requires the aglycone and the cofactor, UDP-GlcUA. Accumulating evidence suggests that the bisubstrate reaction follows a compulsory-order ternary mechanism. To simplify the kinetic modeling of glucuronidation reactions in vitro, UDP-GlcUA is usually added to incubations in large excess. Many factors have been shown to influence UGT activity and kinetics in vitro, and these must be accounted for during experimental design and data interpretation. While the assessment of drug-drug interactions resulting from UGT inhibition has been challenging in the past, the increasing availability of UGT enzyme-selective substrate and inhibitor "probes" provides the prospect for more reliable reaction phenotyping and assessment of drug-drug interaction potential. Although extrapolation of the in vitro intrinsic clearance of a glucuronidated drug often underpredicts in vivo clearance, careful selection of in vitro experimental conditions and inclusion of extrahepatic glucuronidation may improve the predictivity of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has also shown to be of value for predicting PK of drugs eliminated by glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Miners JO, Rowland A, Novak JJ, Lapham K, Goosen TC. Evidence-based strategies for the characterisation of human drug and chemical glucuronidation in vitro and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase reaction phenotyping. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107689. [PMID: 32980440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily contribute to the elimination of drugs from almost all therapeutic classes. Awareness of the importance of glucuronidation as a drug clearance mechanism along with increased knowledge of the enzymology of drug and chemical metabolism has stimulated interest in the development and application of approaches for the characterisation of human drug glucuronidation in vitro, in particular reaction phenotyping (the fractional contribution of the individual UGT enzymes responsible for the glucuronidation of a given drug), assessment of metabolic stability, and UGT enzyme inhibition by drugs and other xenobiotics. In turn, this has permitted the implementation of in vitro - in vivo extrapolation approaches for the prediction of drug metabolic clearance, intestinal availability, and drug-drug interaction liability, all of which are of considerable importance in pre-clinical drug development. Indeed, regulatory agencies (FDA and EMA) require UGT reaction phenotyping for new chemical entities if glucuronidation accounts for ≥25% of total metabolism. In vitro studies are most commonly performed with recombinant UGT enzymes and human liver microsomes (HLM) as the enzyme sources. Despite the widespread use of in vitro approaches for the characterisation of drug and chemical glucuronidation by HLM and recombinant enzymes, evidence-based guidelines relating to experimental approaches are lacking. Here we present evidence-based strategies for the characterisation of drug and chemical glucuronidation in vitro, and for UGT reaction phenotyping. We anticipate that the strategies will inform practice, encourage development of standardised experimental procedures where feasible, and guide ongoing research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Wang Z, Wang X, Jia Y, Yin H, Feng Y, Jiang L, Cao J, Liu Y. Inhibition of human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase enzymes by midostaurin and ruxolitinib: implications for drug–drug interactions. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:231-238. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Yaqin Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Yuyi Feng
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthDalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
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Yi L, Dalai M, Su R, Lin W, Erdenedalai M, Luvsantseren B, Chimedtseren C, Wang Z, Hasi S. Whole-genome sequencing of wild Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) provides insights into its genetic features. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:108. [PMID: 32005147 PMCID: PMC6995116 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Siberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer is largely unexplored. Results Here, we produced 3.10 Gb draft assembly of wild Siberian musk deer with a contig N50 of 29,145 bp and a scaffold N50 of 7,955,248 bp. We annotated 19,363 protein-coding genes and estimated 44.44% of the genome to be repetitive. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that wild Siberian musk deer is closer to Bovidae than to Cervidae. Comparative analyses showed that the genetic features of Siberian musk deer adapted in cold and high-altitude environments. We sequenced two additional genomes of Siberian musk deer constructed demographic history indicated that changes in effective population size corresponded with recent glacial epochs. Finally, we identified several candidate genes that may play a role in the musk secretion based on transcriptome analysis. Conclusions Here, we present a high-quality draft genome of wild Siberian musk deer, which will provide a valuable genetic resource for further investigations of this economically important musk deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Menggen Dalai
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China.
| | - Rina Su
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Weili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Surong Hasi
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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14
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Pellegrino M, Rizza P, Donà A, Nigro A, Ricci E, Fiorillo M, Perrotta I, Lanzino M, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Bruno R, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Sisci D, Morelli C. FoxO3a as a Positive Prognostic Marker and a Therapeutic Target in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121858. [PMID: 31769419 PMCID: PMC6966564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to endocrine treatments is a major clinical challenge in the management of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Although multiple mechanisms leading to endocrine resistance have been proposed, the poor outcome of this subgroup of patients demands additional studies. Methods: FoxO3a involvement in the acquisition and reversion of tamoxifen resistance was assessed in vitro in three parental ER+ breast cancer cells, MCF-7, T47D and ZR-75-1, in the deriving Tamoxifen resistant models (TamR) and in Tet-inducible TamR/FoxO3a stable cell lines, by growth curves, PLA, siRNA, RT-PCR, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscopy, TUNEL, cell cycle, proteomics analyses and animal models. FoxO3a clinical relevance was validated in silico by Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results: Here, we show that tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells (TamR) express low FoxO3a levels. The hyperactive growth factors signaling, characterizing these cells, leads to FoxO3a hyper-phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. FoxO3a re-expression by using TamR tetracycline inducible cells or by treating TamR with the anticonvulsant lamotrigine (LTG), restored the sensitivity to the antiestrogen and strongly reduced tumor mass in TamR-derived mouse xenografts. Proteomics data unveiled novel potential mediators of FoxO3a anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, while the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that FoxO3a is predictive of a positive response to tamoxifen therapy in Luminal A breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Altogether, our data indicate that FoxO3a is a key target to be exploited in endocrine-resistant tumors. In this context, LTG, being able to induce FoxO3a, might represent a valid candidate in combination therapy to prevent resistance to tamoxifen in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ada Donà
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Alessandra Nigro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Elena Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (M.F.); (F.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CM2), Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosalinda Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (M.F.); (F.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (M.F.); (F.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.P.); (P.R.); (A.N.); (E.R.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.M.)
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15
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Vaillancourt J, Turcotte V, Caron P, Villeneuve L, Lacombe L, Pouliot F, Lévesque É, Guillemette C. Glucuronidation of Abiraterone and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites by UGT1A4, Influence of Polymorphic Variants and Their Potential as Inhibitors of Steroid Glucuronidation. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 48:75-84. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Lu D, Dong D, Wu B. Highly selective N-glucuronidation of four piperazine-containing drugs by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:989-998. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1505862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Lu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- College of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Qin Z, Li S, Yao Z, Hong X, Xu J, Lin P, Zhao G, Gonzalez FJ, Yao X. Metabolic profiling of corylin in vivo and in vitro. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:157-168. [PMID: 29631076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Corylin, an phenolic compound from Psoralea corylifolia, has been reported with various pharmacological properties but has poor bioavailability due to massive metabolism. In this study, twelve metabolites of corylin mainly involving in oxidation, hydration, glucuronidation and sulfation were detected in mice. Furthermore, the oxidation and hydration of corylin (M4) in human liver microsomes (HLM) and human intestine microsomes (HIM) were both efficient with high CLint (intrinsic clearance) values of 24.29 and 42.85 μL/min/mg, respectively. CYP1A1, 1B1 and 2C19 contributed most for M4 with the CLint values of 26.63, 33.09 and 132.41 μL/min/mg, respectively. Besides, M4 was strongly correlated with phenacetin-N-deacetylation (r = 0.885, p = 0.0001) and tolbutamide-4-oxidation (r = 0.727, p = 0.001) in twelve individual HLMs, respectively. In addition, corylin was efficiently glucuronidated (M7) in HLM (125.33 μL/min/mg) and in HIM (108.74 μL/min/mg). UGT1A1 contributed the most for M7 with the CLint value of 122.32 μL/min/mg. Meanwhile, M7 was significantly correlated with β-estradiol-3-O-glucuronidation (r = 0.742, p = 0.006) in twelve individual HLMs. Moreover, the metabolism of corylin showed marked species differences. Taken together, corylin was subjected to massive first-pass metabolism in liver and intestine, while CYP1A1, 1B1, 2C19 and UGT1A1 were the main contributors. Finally, the proposed metabolic pathway of corylin involed CYP and UGT isoforms were summarized, which could help to understand the metabolic fate of corylin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Shishi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xiaodan Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Pei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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He L, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Yu Y, Qian Z, Yao Z, Yao X. Glucuronidation of [6]-shogaol, [8]-shogaol and [10]-shogaol by human tissues and expressed UGT enzymes: identification of UGT2B7 as the major contributor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41368-41375. [PMID: 35559294 PMCID: PMC9091938 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shogaols, mainly [6]-shogaol (6S), [8]-shogaol (8S) and [10]-shogaol (10S), the predominant and characteristic pungent phytochemicals in ginger, are responsible for most of its beneficial effects. However, poor oral bioavailability owing to extensive glucuronidation limits their application. The present study aimed to characterize the glucuronidation pathways of 6S, 8S and 10S by using pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), human intestine microsomes (HIM) and recombinant human UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs). The rates of glucuronidation were determined by incubating shogaols with uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid-supplemented microsomes. Kinetic parameters were derived by appropriate model fitting. Reaction phenotyping assays, activity correlation analyses and relative activity factors were performed to identify the main UGT isoforms. As a result, one mono-4′-O-glucuronide was detected after incubating each shogaol with HLM and HIM. Enzymes kinetic analysis demonstrated that glucuronidation of shogaols consistently displayed the substrate inhibition profile, and the liver showed higher metabolic activity for shogaols (CLint = 1.37–2.87 mL min−1 mg−1) than the intestine (CLint = 0.67–0.85 mL min−1 mg−1). Besides, reaction phenotyping assays revealed that UGT2B7 displayed the highest catalytic ability (CLint = 0.47–1.17 mL min−1 mg−1) among all tested UGTs. In addition, glucuronidation of shogaols was strongly correlated with AZT glucuronidation (r = 0.886, 0.803 and 0.871 for glucuronidation of 6S, 8S and 10S, respectively; p < 0.01) in a bank of individual HLMs (n = 9). Furthermore, UGT2B7 contributed to 40.8%, 34.2% and 36.0% for the glucuronidation of 6S, 8S and 10S in HLM, respectively. Taken altogether, shogaols were efficiently metabolized through the glucuronidation pathway, and UGT2B7 was the main contributor to their glucuronidation. The glucuronidation pathways of shogaols ([6]-shogaol, [8]-shogaol and [10]-shogaol) were characterized in human tissues and recombinant human UDP-glucosyltransferases, and UGT2B7 was identified as the main contributor to their glucuronidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang He
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yezi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
| | - Zhengming Qian
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD
- Dongguan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
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20
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Xie H, Wu J, Liu D, Liu M, Zhang H, Huang S, Xiong Y, Xia C. In vitro inhibition of UGT1A3, UGT1A4 by ursolic acid and oleanolic acid and drug-drug interaction risk prediction. Xenobiotica 2017; 47:785-792. [PMID: 27600106 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1234087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) may have important activity relevant to health and disease prevention. Thus, we studied the activity of UA and OA on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and used trifluoperazine as a probe substrate to test UGT1A4 activity. Recombinant UGT-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation was used as a probe reaction for other UGT isoforms. 2. UA and OA inhibited UGT1A3 and UGT1A4 activity but did not inhibit other tested UGT isoforms. 3. UA-mediated inhibition of UGT1A3 catalyzed 4-MU-β-d-glucuronidation was via competitive inhibition (IC50 0.391 ± 0.013 μM; Ki 0.185 ± 0.015 μM). UA also competitively inhibited UGT1A4-mediated trifluoperazine-N-glucuronidation (IC50 2.651 ± 0.201 μM; Ki 1.334 ± 0.146 μM). 4. OA offered mixed inhibition of UGT1A3-mediated 4-MU-β-d-glucuronidation (IC50 0.336 ± 0.013 μM; Ki 0.176 ± 0.007 μM) and competitively inhibited UGT1A4-mediated trifluoperazine-N-glucuronidation (IC50 5.468 ± 0.697 μM; Ki 6.298 ± 0.891 μM). 5. Co-administering OA or UA with drugs or products that are substrates of UGT1A3 or UGT1A4 may produce drug-mediated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xie
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Liu
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Shibo Huang
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- a Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
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Liu D, Wu J, Xie H, Liu M, Takau I, Zhang H, Xiong Y, Xia C. Inhibitory Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin on Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes: Implications for Herb–Drug Interactions. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:2052-2059. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Jie Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Hongbo Xie
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Mingyi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Isaiah Takau
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University
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22
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Efflux transport of chrysin and apigenin sulfates in HEK293 cells overexpressing SULT1A3: The role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4). Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:203-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lu D, Ma Z, Zhang T, Zhang X, Wu B. Metabolism of the anthelmintic drug niclosamide by cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolite elucidation and main contributions from CYP1A2 and UGT1A1. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:1-13. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1047812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Jiang L, Liang SC, Wang C, Ge GB, Huo XK, Qi XY, Deng S, Liu KX, Ma XC. Identifying and applying a highly selective probe to simultaneously determine the O-glucuronidation activity of human UGT1A3 and UGT1A4. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9627. [PMID: 25884245 PMCID: PMC4401096 DOI: 10.1038/srep09627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation mediated by uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase is an important detoxification pathway. However, identifying a selective probe of UDP- glucuronosyltransferase is complicated because of the significant overlapping substrate specificity displayed by the enzyme. In this paper, desacetylcinobufagin (DACB) 3-O- and 16-O-glucuronidation were found to be isoform-specific probe reactions for UGT1A4 and UGT1A3, respectively. DACB was well characterized as a probe for simultaneously determining the catalytic activities of O-glucuronidation mediated by UGT1A3 and UGT1A4 from various enzyme sources, through a sensitive analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Si-Cheng Liang
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China [2] Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Qi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ke-Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Wu Z, Liu H, Wu B. Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:583-96. [PMID: 25496264 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the reaction kinetics for regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols (i.e. 6-, 8- and 10-gingerol) by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, and to identify the main UGT enzymes involved in regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols. METHODS The rates of glucuronidation were determined by incubating the gingerols with uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid-supplemented microsomes. Kinetic parameters were derived by fitting an appropriate model to the data. Activity correlation analyses were performed to identify the main UGT enzymes contributing to hepatic metabolism of gingerols. KEY FINDINGS Glucuronidation at the 4'-OH group was much more favoured than that at 5-OH. The degree of position preference was compound-dependent; the catalytic efficiency ratios of 4'-O- to 5-O-glucuronidation were 9.1, 19.7 and 2.9 for 6-, 8- and 10-gingerol, respectively. UGT1A8 (an intestinal enzyme), UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 were the enzymes showing the highest activity towards gingerols. Formation of 5-O-glucuronide was mainly catalysed by UGT1A9. UGT2B7 was the only enzyme that generated glucuronides at both 4'-OH and 5-OH sites, although a strong position preference was observed with 4'-OH (≥80.2%). Further, activity correlation analyses indicated that UGT2B7 and UGT1A9 were primarily responsible for 4'-O-glucuronidation and 5-O-glucuronidation of gingerols in the liver, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gingerols were metabolized by multiple hepatic and gastrointestinal UGT enzymes. Also, UGT1A9 and 2B7 were the main contributors to regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhufeng Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Riches Z, Collier AC. Posttranscriptional regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:949-65. [PMID: 25797307 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1028355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily of enzymes (EC 2.4.1.17) conjugates glucuronic acid to an aglycone substrate to make them more polar and readily excreted. In general, this reaction terminates the activities of chemicals, drugs and toxins, although occasionally a more active or toxic species is produced. AREAS COVERED In addition to their well-known transcriptional responsiveness, UGTs are also regulated by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here, the authors review these mechanisms, including latency, modulation of co-substrate accessibility and binding, dimerization and oligomerization, protein-protein interactions, allosteric inhibition and activation, posttranslational structural and functional modifications and developmental switching for UGTs. EXPERT OPINION Posttranscriptional regulation of UGTs has traditionally received less attention than nuclear regulation, in part because mechanisms involving ribosomes and endoplasmic reticula are challenging to investigate. Most promising of the posttranscriptional mechanisms reviewed are likely to be effects on co-substrate (UDP-glucuronic acid) transport and availability and structure-function changes to UGT proteins through, for example, glycosylation and phosphorylation. Although classical biochemistry continues to illuminate many aspects of UGT function, advances in proteomics and structural biology are beginning to assist in the determination of posttranscriptional regulation mechanisms for UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Riches
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 , Canada +1 604 827 2380 ;
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Laverdière I, Flageole C, Audet-Walsh É, Caron P, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Lévesque É, Guillemette C. The UGT1 locus is a determinant of prostate cancer recurrence after prostatectomy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:77-85. [PMID: 25452636 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of common deletions in uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B (UGT2B) genes encoding sex steroid metabolic enzymes has been recently recognized in localized prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, the role of germline variations at the UGT1 locus, encoding half of all human UGTs and primarily involved in estrogen metabolism, remains unexplored. We investigated whether variants of UGT1 are potential prognostic markers. We studied 526 Caucasian men who underwent RP for clinically localized PCa. Genotypes of patients for 34 haplotype-tagged single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) and 11 additional SNPs across the UGT1 locus previously reported to mark common variants including functional polymorphisms were determined. The risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) was estimated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. We further investigated whether variants are associated with plasma hormone levels by mass spectrometry. In multivariable models, seven htSNPs were found to be significantly associated with BCR. A greater risk was revealed for four UGT1 intronic variants with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.59-1.88 (P<0.002) for htSNPs in UGT1A10, UGT1A9, and UGT1A6. Conversely, decreased BCR was associated with three htSNPs in introns of UGT1A10 and UGT1A9 (HR=0.56-058; P≤0.01). An unfavorable UGT1 haplotype comprising all risk alleles, with a frequency of 14%, had a HR of 1.68 (95% CI=1.13-2.50; P=0.011). Significant alteration in circulating androsterone levels was associated with this haplotype, consistent with changes in hormonal exposure. This study provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, that germline polymorphisms of UGT1 are potential predictors of recurrence of PCa after prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Laverdière
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Flageole
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Caron
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Lévesque
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada Pharmacogenomics LaboratoryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, R4720, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of MedicineLaval University, Québec, Québec, CanadaCanada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébec, Québec, Canada
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Quan E, Wang H, Dong D, Zhang X, Wu B. Characterization of Chrysin Glucuronidation in UGT1A1-Overexpressing HeLa Cells: Elucidating the Transporters Responsible for Efflux of Glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:433-43. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Metabolism of androstenone, 17β-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in primary cultured pig hepatocytes and the role of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in this process. PLoS One 2015; 10:e113194. [PMID: 25590624 PMCID: PMC4295843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids metabolism plays an important role in mammals and contributes to quality of pig meat. The main objective of this study was to identify metabolites of androstenone, 17β-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone using primary cultured pig hepatocytes as a model system. The role of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) in regulation of steroid metabolism was also validated using trilostane, a specific 3βHSD inhibitor. Steroid glucuronide conjugated metabolites were detected by liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). 3βHSD enzyme was essential for metabolism of androstenone to 5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol, which then formed androstenone glucuronide conjugate. Metabolism of 17β-estradiol was accompanied by formation of glucuronide-conjugated estrone and glucuronide-conjugated estradiol. The ratio of the two metabolites was around 5∶1. 3βHSD enzyme was not involved in 17β-estradiol metabolism. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone-17β-glucuronide was identified as a dihydrotestosterone metabolite, and this metabolism was related to 3βHSD enzyme activity as demonstrated by inhibition study.
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Zhu L, Xiao L, Xia Y, Zhou K, Wang H, Huang M, Ge G, Wu Y, Wu G, Yang L. Diethylstilbestrol can effectively accelerate estradiol-17-O-glucuronidation, while potently inhibiting estradiol-3-O-glucuronidation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:109-16. [PMID: 25596428 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study investigates the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a widely used toxic synthetic estrogen, on estradiol-3- and 17-O- (E2-3/17-O) glucuronidation, via culturing human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) with DES and E2. DES can potently inhibit E2-3-O-glucuronidation in HLM, a probe reaction for UGT1A1. Kinetic assays indicate that the inhibition follows a competitive inhibition mechanism, with the Ki value of 2.1±0.3μM, which is less than the possible in vivo level. In contrast to the inhibition on E2-3-O-glucuronidation, the acceleration is observed on E2-17-O-glucuronidation in HLM, in which cholestatic E2-17-O-glucuronide is generated. In the presence of DES (0-6.25μM), Km values for E2-17-O-glucuronidation are located in the range of 7.2-7.4μM, while Vmax values range from 0.38 to 1.54nmol/min/mg. The mechanism behind the activation in HLM is further demonstrated by the fact that DES can efficiently elevate the activity of UGT1A4 in catalyzing E2-17-O-glucuronidation. The presence of DES (2μM) can elevate Vmax from 0.016 to 0.81nmol/min/mg, while lifting Km in a much lesser extent from 4.4 to 11μM. Activation of E2-17-O-glucuronidation is well described by a two binding site model, with KA, α, and β values of 0.077±0.18μM, 3.3±1.1 and 104±56, respectively. However, diverse effects of DES towards E2-3/17-O-glucuronidation are not observed in liver microsomes from several common experimental animals. In summary, this study issues new potential toxic mechanisms for DES: potently inhibiting the activity of UGT1A1 and powerfully accelerating the formation of cholestatic E2-17-O-glucuronide by UGT1A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Huili Wang
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Ganlin Wu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Sun H, Zhang T, Wu Z, Wu B. Warfarin is an effective modifier of multiple UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: evaluation of its potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:244-56. [PMID: 25393417 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the modulatory effects of warfarin (an extensively used anticoagulant drug) and its metabolites on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity and to assess the potential of warfarin to alter the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (AZT). The effects of warfarin and its metabolites on glucuronidation were determined using human and rat liver microsomes (HLM and RLM) as well as expressed UGTs. The mechanisms of warfarin-UGT interactions were explored through kinetic characterization and modeling. Pharmacokinetic studies with rats were performed to evaluate the potential of warfarin to alter the pharmacokinetics of AZT. We found that warfarin was an effective modifier of a panel of UGT enzymes. The effects of warfarin on glucuronidation were inhibitory for UGT1A1, 2B7, and 2B17, but activating for UGT1A3. Mixed effects were observed for UGT1A7 and 1A9. Consistent with its inhibitory effects on UGT2B7 activity, warfarin inhibited AZT glucuronidation in HLM (Ki = 74.9-96.3 μM) and RLM (Ki = 190-230 μM). Inhibition of AZT glucuronidation by UGT2B7, HLM, and RLM was also observed with several hydroxylated metabolites of warfarin. Moreover, the systemic exposure (AUC) of AZT in rats was increased by a 1.5- to 2.1-fold upon warfarin coadministration. The elevated AUC was associated with suppressed glucuronidation that was probably attained through a combined action of warfarin and its hydroxylated metabolites. In conclusion, the activities of multiple UGT enzymes can be modulated by warfarin and the nature of modulation was isoform dependent. Also, pharmacokinetic interactions of zidovudine with warfarin were highly possible through inhibition of UGT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Hu DG, Meech R, McKinnon RA, Mackenzie PI. Transcriptional regulation of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:421-58. [PMID: 25336387 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.973037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucuronidation is an important metabolic pathway for many small endogenous and exogenous lipophilic compounds, including bilirubin, steroid hormones, bile acids, carcinogens and therapeutic drugs. Glucuronidation is primarily catalyzed by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A and two subfamilies, including nine functional UGT1A enzymes (1A1, 1A3-1A10) and 10 functional UGT2 enzymes (2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B11, 2B15, 2B17 and 2B28). Most UGTs are expressed in the liver and this expression relates to the major role of hepatic glucuronidation in systemic clearance of toxic lipophilic compounds. Hepatic glucuronidation activity protects the body from chemical insults and governs the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that are inactivated by UGTs. UGT mRNAs have also been detected in over 20 extrahepatic tissues with a unique complement of UGT mRNAs seen in almost every tissue. This extrahepatic glucuronidation activity helps to maintain homeostasis and hence regulates biological activity of endogenous molecules that are primarily inactivated by UGTs. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue-specific UGT expression has been the subject of a large number of studies over the last two decades. These studies have shown that the constitutive and inducible expression of UGTs is primarily regulated by tissue-specific and ligand-activated transcription factors (TFs) via their binding to cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in UGT promoters and enhancers. This review first briefly summarizes published UGT gene transcriptional studies and the experimental models and tools utilized in these studies, and then describes in detail the TFs and their respective CREs that have been identified in the promoters and/or enhancers of individual UGT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre , Bedford Park, SA , Australia
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Abstract
Glucuronidation, catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), is an important process for the metabolism and clearance of many lipophilic chemicals, including drugs, environmental chemicals, and endogenous compounds. Glucuronidation is a bi-substrate reaction that requires the aglycone and a cofactor, UDPGA. Accumulating evidence suggests that the bi-substrate reaction follows a compulsory-order ternary mechanism. To simplify the kinetic modelling of glucuronidation reactions in vitro, UDPGA is usually added to incubations in large excess. Many factors have been shown to influence UGT activity and kinetics in vitro, and these must be accounted for in experimental design and data interpretation. Assessing drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving UGT inhibition remains challenging. However, the increasing availability of UGT enzyme-specific substrate and inhibitor "probes" provides the prospect for more reliable reaction phenotyping and assessment of DDI potential. Although extrapolation of the in vitro intrinsic clearance of a glucuronidated drug often under-predicts in vivo clearance, careful selection of in vitro experimental conditions and inclusion of extrahepatic glucuronidation may improve the predictivity of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE).
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Sun H, Wang H, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu B. Glucuronidation of capsaicin by liver microsomes and expressed UGT enzymes: reaction kinetics, contribution of individual enzymes and marked species differences. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1325-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.954548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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Liu H, Wu Z, Ma Z, Wu B. Glucuronidation of macelignan by human liver microsomes and expressed UGT enzymes: identification of UGT1A1 and 2B7 as the main contributing enzymes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2014; 35:513-24. [PMID: 25099990 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhufeng Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
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36
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Greer AK, Dates CR, Starlard-Davenport A, Edavana VK, Bratton SM, Dhakal IB, Finel M, Kadlubar SA, Radominska-Pandya A. A potential role for human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen and its derivatives. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1392-400. [PMID: 24917585 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to inhibit breast tumor growth. Tam can be directly N-glucuronidated via the tertiary amine group or O-glucuronidated after cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation. In this study, the glucuronidation of Tam and its hydroxylated and/or chlorinated derivatives [4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHTam), toremifene (Tor), and 4-hydroxytoremifene (4OHTor)] was examined using recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) from the 1A subfamily and human hepatic microsomes. Recombinant UGT1A4 catalyzed the formation of N-glucuronides of Tam and its derivatives and was the most active UGT enzyme toward these compounds. Therefore, it was hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of UGT1A4 have the ability to significantly decrease the glucuronidation rates of Tam metabolites in the human liver. In vitro activity of 64 genotyped human liver microsomes was used to determine the association between the UGT1A4 promoter and coding region SNPs and the glucuronidation rates of Tam, 4OHTam, Tor, and 4OHTor. Significant decreases in enzymatic activity were observed in microsomes for individuals heterozygous for -163G/A and -217T/G. These alterations in glucuronidation may lead to prolonged circulating half-lives and may potentially modify the effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra K Greer
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Centdrika R Dates
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Vineetha K Edavana
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Stacie M Bratton
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Ishwori B Dhakal
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Moshe Finel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Susan A Kadlubar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.K.G., C.R.D., S.M.B., A.R.-P.), Medical Genetics (A.S.-D., V.K.E., S.A.K.), and Biostatistics (I.B.D.), College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
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Liu H, Sun H, Lu D, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ma Z, Wu B. Identification of glucuronidation and biliary excretion as the main mechanisms for gossypol clearance:in vivoandin vitroevidence. Xenobiotica 2014; 44:696-707. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.891780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
As described in Chapter 2 , a large number of enzymatic reactions can be adequately described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten equation represents a rectangular hyperbola, with a y-asymptote at the V max value. In many cases, more complex kinetic models are required to explain the observed data. Atypical kinetic profiles are believed to arise from the simultaneous binding of multiple molecules within the active site of the enzyme (Tracy and Hummel, Drug Metab Rev 36:231-242, 2004). Several cytochromes P450 have large active sites that enable binding of multiple molecules (Wester et al. J Biol Chem 279:35630-35637, 2004; Yano et al. J Biol Chem 279:38091-38094, 2004). Thus, atypical kinetics are not uncommon in in vitro drug metabolism studies. This chapter covers enzyme kinetic reactions in which a single enzyme has multiple binding sites for substrates and/or inhibitors as well as reactions catalyzed by multiple enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore Seibert
- R&D Project Management, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
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Liu W, Liu H, Sun H, Dong D, Ma Z, Wang Y, Wu B. Metabolite elucidation of the Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-2112 using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Xenobiotica 2013; 44:455-64. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.853849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Edavana VK, Dhakal IB, Williams S, Penney R, Boysen G, Yao-Borengasser A, Kadlubar S. Potential role of UGT1A4 promoter SNPs in anastrozole pharmacogenomics. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:870-7. [PMID: 23371966 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.048157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastrozole belongs to the nonsteroidal triazole-derivative group of aromatase inhibitors. Recently, clinical trials demonstrated improved antitumoral efficacy and a favorable toxicity with third-generation aromatase inhibitors, compared with tamoxifen. Anastrozole is predominantly metabolized by phase I oxidation with the potential for further phase II glucuronidation. It also, however, is subject to direct N-glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4). Anastrozole pharmacokinetics vary widely among patients, but pharmacogenomic studies of patients treated with anastrozole are sparse. In this study, we examined individual variability in the glucuronidation of anastrozole and its association with UGT1A4 promoter and coding region polymorphisms. In vitro assays using liver microsomal preparations from individual subjects (n = 96) demonstrated 235-fold variability in anastrozole glucuronidation. Anastrozole glucuronidation was correlated (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001) with lamotrigine glucuronidation (a diagnostic substrate for UGT1A4) and with UGT1A4 mRNA expression levels in human liver microsomes (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001). Recombinant UGT1A4 catalyzed anastrozole glucuronidation, which was inhibited by hecogenin (IC50 = 15 µM), a UGT1A4 specific inhibitor. The promoter region of UGT1A4 is polymorphic, and compared with those homozygous for the common allele, lower enzymatic activity was observed in microsomes from individuals heterozygous for -163G<A, -219T<G, and -217C<T (P = 0.009, P = 0.014, and P = 0.009, respectively). These results indicate that variability in glucuronidation could contribute to response to anastrozole in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineetha Koroth Edavana
- Division of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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41
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Manevski N, Troberg J, Svaluto-Moreolo P, Dziedzic K, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Finel M. Albumin stimulates the activity of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A7, 1A8, 1A10, 2A1 and 2B15, but the effects are enzyme and substrate dependent. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54767. [PMID: 23372764 PMCID: PMC3553014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are important enzymes in metabolic elimination of endo- and xenobiotics. It was recently shown that addition of fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (BSA) significantly enhances in vitro activities of UGTs, a limiting factor in in vitro–in vivo extrapolation. Nevertheless, since only few human UGT enzymes were tested for this phenomenon, we have now performed detailed enzyme kinetic analysis on the BSA effects in six previously untested UGTs, using 2–4 suitable substrates for each enzyme. We also examined some of the previously tested UGTs, but using additional substrates and a lower BSA concentration, only 0.1%. The latter concentration allows the use of important but more lipophilic substrates, such as estradiol and 17-epiestradiol. In five newly tested UGTs, 1A7, 1A8, 1A10, 2A1, and 2B15, the addition of BSA enhanced, to a different degree, the in vitro activity by either decreasing reaction’s Km, increasing its Vmax, or both. In contrast, the activities of UGT2B17, another previously untested enzyme, were almost unaffected. The results of the assays with the previously tested UGTs, 1A1, 1A6, 2B4, and 2B7, were similar to the published BSA only as far as the BSA effects on the reactions’ Km are concerned. In the cases of Vmax values, however, our results differ significantly from the previously published ones, at least with some of the substrates. Hence, the magnitude of the BSA effects appears to be substrate dependent, especially with respect to Vmax increases. Additionally, the BSA effects may be UGT subfamily dependent since Km decreases were observed in members of subfamilies 1A, 2A and 2B, whereas large Vmax increases were only found in several UGT1A members. The results shed new light on the complexity of the BSA effects on the activity and enzyme kinetics of the human UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Manevski
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Zeng C, He F, Xia C, Zhang H, Xiong Y. Identification of the Active Components in Shenmai Injection that Differentially Affect Cyp3a4-Mediated 1′-Hydroxylation and 4-Hydroxylation of Midazolam. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:785-90. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.048025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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43
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Korprasertthaworn P, Rowland A, Lewis BC, Mackenzie PI, Yoovathaworn K, Miners JO. Effects of amino acid substitutions at positions 33 and 37 on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) activity and substrate selectivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1511-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Simultaneous evaluation of six human glucuronidation activities in liver microsomes using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 427:52-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Zhang H, Patana AS, Mackenzie PI, Ikushiro S, Goldman A, Finel M. Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Expression in Insect Cells: Ratio of Active to Inactive Recombinant Proteins and the Effects of a C-Terminal His-Tag on Glucuronidation Kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1935-44. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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46
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Wu B, Jiang W, Yin T, Gao S, Hu M. A new strategy to rapidly evaluate kinetics of glucuronide efflux by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Pharm Res 2012; 29:3199-208. [PMID: 22752253 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) plays an important role in excretion of anionic drugs and metabolites including glucuronides in humans. METHODS In this article, our recently published cell model (i.e., HeLa cells over-expressing UGT1A9 (HeLa1A9)) is used to determine the kinetic parameters of BCRP-mediated transport of glucuronides. RESULTS After incubation of the aglycone with the cells, a steady-state (i.e., zero-order or near zero-order) excretion of its glucuronide is rapidly achieved and then maintained. Kinetic profiling with different (intracellular) glucuronide concentrations and their corresponding excretion rates is enabled by varying the concentration of the aglycone, which allows for the determination of kinetic parameters responsible for BCRP-mediated efflux of glucuronides. This approach was validated theoretically using a cellular pharmacokinetic model incorporating various enzymatic and transporter-mediated kinetic processes. It was also validated experimentally in that kinetic parameters of efflux of glucuronides of 6-hydroxyflavone and 4-methylumberiferone in the HeLa1A9 cell model were shown to be consistent with those derived with BCRP-overexpressing membrane vesicles. CONCLUSION This study provides a new strategy for rapidly evaluating the kinetics of glucuronide efflux by BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wu
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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47
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Zhu L, Ge G, Liu Y, He G, Liang S, Fang Z, Dong P, Cao Y, Yang L. Potent and selective inhibition of magnolol on catalytic activities of UGT1A7 and 1A9. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:1001-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.681814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Zhou J, Argikar UA, Remmel RP. Functional analysis of UGT1A4P24T and UGT1A4L48V variant enzymes. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:1671-9. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effects of two nonsynonymous SNPs, UGT1A4*2 (rs#: 6755571, 70C>A, P24T) and UGT1A4*3 (rs#: 2011425, 142T>G, L48V), on the function of UGT1A4 against dihydrotestosterone (DHT), transandrosterone (t-AND), lamotrigine (LTG) and tamoxifen (TAM). Materials & methods: Detailed kinetic experiments were conducted with recombinant UGT1A4wild-type, UGT1A4P24T and UGT1A4L48V, which were overexpressed in HEK293 cell lines. The kinetic profiles and kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax and CLint) obtained with either UGT1A4P24T or UGT1A4L48V were compared with those obtained with the wild-type enzyme. The interaction of TAM on UG1A4-catalyzed DHT glucuronidation was also investigated with the three UGT1A4 polymorphic enzymes. Results: UGT1A4L48V had higher enzyme efficiency (CLint) compared with wild-type UGT1A4 on DHT glucuronidation; UGT1A4P24T and UGT1A4L48V had lower CLint than wild-type UGT1A4 for t-AND and LTG glucuronidation. The TAM CLint with UGT1A4P24T and UGT1A4L48V glucuronidation and the UGT1A4P24T-catalyzed DHT glucuronidation were, on the other hand, similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. With all three enzymes, TAM activated UGT1A4-catalyzed DHT glucuronidation in a concentration-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Decreased CLint of UGT1A4P24T and UGT1A4L48V on LTG glucuronidation may lead to interindividual variations in LTG metabolism in vivo. However, it is less likely that these polymorphisms would have impact on DHT and t-AND metabolism in vivo because these compounds are glucuronidated by multiple enzymes. Original submitted 31 May 2011; Revision submitted 19 July 2011
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rory P Remmel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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49
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Lewis BC, Mackenzie PI, Miners JO. Homodimerization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) and identification of a putative dimerization domain by protein homology modeling. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:2016-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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50
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Abstract
Inhibition of enzyme activity at high substrate concentrations, so-called "substrate inhibition," is commonly observed and has been recognized in drug metabolism reactions since the last decade. Although the importance of such "atypical" kinetics in vivo remains poorly understood, a substrate with substrate inhibition kinetics has been shown to unconventionally alter the metabolism of other substrates. In recent years, it is becoming increasingly evident that the mechanisms for substrate inhibition are highly complex, which are possibly contributed by multiple (at least two) binding sites within the enzyme protein, the formation of a ternary dead-end enzyme complex, and/or the ligand-induced changes in enzyme conformation. This review primarily discusses the mechanisms for substrate inhibition displayed by the important drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome p450s, UDP-glucuronyltransferases, and sulfotransferases. Kinetic modeling of substrate inhibition in the absence or presence of a modifier is another central issue in this review because of its importance in the determination of kinetic parameters and in vitro/in vivo predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Texas, USA.
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