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Camara MD, Zhou Y, De Sousa TN, Gil JP, Djimde AA, Lauschke VM. Meta-analysis of the global distribution of clinically relevant CYP2C8 alleles and their inferred functional consequences. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:40. [PMID: 38650020 PMCID: PMC11034136 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP2C8 is responsible for the metabolism of 5% of clinically prescribed drugs, including antimalarials, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. Genetic variability is an important factor that influences CYP2C8 activity and modulates the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of its substrates. RESULTS We profiled the genetic landscape of CYP2C8 variability using data from 96 original studies and data repositories that included a total of 33,185 unrelated participants across 44 countries and 43 ethnic groups. The reduced function allele CYP2C8*2 was most common in West and Central Africa with frequencies of 16-36.9%, whereas it was rare in Europe and Asia (< 2%). In contrast, CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C8*4 were common throughout Europe and the Americas (6.9-19.8% for *3 and 2.3-7.5% for *4), but rare in African and East Asian populations. Importantly, we observe pronounced differences (> 2.3-fold) between neighboring countries and even between geographically overlapping populations. Overall, we found that 20-60% of individuals in Africa and Europe carry at least one CYP2C8 allele associated with reduced metabolism and increased adverse event risk of the anti-malarial amodiaquine. Furthermore, up to 60% of individuals of West African ancestry harbored variants that reduced the clearance of pioglitazone, repaglinide, paclitaxel and ibuprofen. In contrast, reduced function alleles are only found in < 2% of East Asian and 8.3-12.8% of South and West Asian individuals. CONCLUSIONS Combined, the presented analyses mapped the genetic and inferred functional variability of CYP2C8 with high ethnogeographic resolution. These results can serve as a valuable resource for CYP2C8 allele frequencies and distribution estimates of CYP2C8 phenotypes that could help identify populations at risk upon treatment with CYP2C8 substrates. The high variability between ethnic groups incentivizes high-resolution pharmacogenetic profiling to guide precision medicine and maximize its socioeconomic benefits, particularly for understudied populations with distinct genetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou D Camara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taís Nóbrega De Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José P Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Abdoulaye A Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Hantson P, El Balkhi S, Haufroid V, Laterre PF. Sustained hypoglycemia with therapeutic use of repaglinide. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:751-753. [PMID: 31776763 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Hantson
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Louvain Centre of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Souleiman El Balkhi
- Service de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, CHU de Limoges, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-François Laterre
- Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Akagi Y, Iketaki A, Kimura H, Matsudaira Y, Yoshida T, Nishimura T, Kawano Y, Mano Y, Shigematsu E, Ujihara M. Risk of hypoglycemia associated with repaglinide combined with clopidogrel, a retrospective cohort study. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 32206324 PMCID: PMC7081567 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-020-00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repaglinide is widely prescribed to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels associated with type 2 diabetes, and clopidogrel is a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent and widely used in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has been suggested that the concomitant use of repaglinide with clopidogrel may inhibit repaglinide metabolism, because repaglinide is a substrate of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and the main metabolite of clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide inhibits CYP2C8 activity. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the effect of clopidogrel with repaglinide on plasma glucose and the risk of hypoglycemia associated with the combination of both drugs. Method Patients were taking clopidogrel (75 mg/day) and started taking glinide (1.5 mg/day repaglinide or 30 mg/day mitiglinide) for the first time from April 2012 to March 2017. We targeted subjects who were hospitalized at the start of glinide and whose preprandial plasma glucose was measured by a nurse. The glucose levels were collected for up to 5 days before and after the glinide start date. Results Average fasting plasma glucose levels (before breakfast) in the repaglinide and clopidogrel group before and after starting repaglinide were 180.1±35.5 and 136.5 ± 44.1 mg/dL, with a mean decrease of 43.6 ± 33.6 mg/dL. In contrast, there was only a moderate decrease of 11.6 ± 30.0 mg/dL in the mitiglinide and clopidogrel group. Minimum plasma glucose levels in the repaglinide and clopidogrel group before and after starting repaglinide were 145.2 ± 42.9 and 93.3 ± 36.3 mg/dL, respectively. Decrease in minimum levels after starting glinide in the repaglinide and clopidogrel group (51.9 ± 47.5 mg/dL) was more significant than those in the mitiglinide and clopidogrel group (only 2.1 ± 29.1 mg/dL), and the repaglinide group (without clopidogrel, 15.5 ± 20.0 mg/dL). Hypoglycemia was observed in 6 of 15 patients in the repaglinide and clopidogrel group, but only 1 of 15 patients in the mitiglinide and clopidogrel group, and no patients in the repaglinide group. Conclusion These findings indicate that minimum plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased in patients taking repaglinide and clopidogrel. Considering the risk of hypoglycemia associated with taking repaglinide and clopidogrel, when a glinide is required in patients taking clopidogrel, mitiglinide may be a better choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Akagi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
| | - Akiko Iketaki
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
| | - Haruna Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
| | - Yuki Matsudaira
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
| | - Takami Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- 2Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Yohei Kawano
- 3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- 3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
| | - Erina Shigematsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan.,Department of Diabetes Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
| | - Makoto Ujihara
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-8575 Japan
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4
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Khatami F, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Tavangar SM. The Importance of Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): From Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacoepigenetic Aspects. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:719-731. [PMID: 31122183 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190228102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide disorder as the most important challenges of health-care systems. Controlling the normal glycaemia greatly profit long-term prognosis and gives explanation for early, effective, constant, and safe intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS Finding the main genetic and epigenetic profile of T2DM and the exact molecular targets of T2DM medications can shed light on its personalized management. The comprehensive information of T2DM was earned through the genome-wide association study (GWAS) studies. In the current review, we represent the most important candidate genes of T2DM like CAPN10, TCF7L2, PPAR-γ, IRSs, KCNJ11, WFS1, and HNF homeoboxes. Different genetic variations of a candidate gene can predict the efficacy of T2DM personalized strategy medication. RESULTS SLCs and AMPK variations are considered for metformin, CYP2C9, KATP channel, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B and KCNQ1 for sulphonylureas, OATP1B, and KCNQ1 for repaglinide and the last but not the least ADIPOQ, PPAR-γ, SLC, CYP2C8, and SLCO1B1 for thiazolidinediones response prediction. CONCLUSION Taken everything into consideration, there is an extreme need to determine the genetic status of T2DM patients in some known genetic region before planning the medication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Wang T, Wang XT, Lai R, Ling HW, Zhang F, Lu Q, Lv DM, Yin XX. MTNR1B Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With the Therapeutic Responses to Repaglinide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1318. [PMID: 31787898 PMCID: PMC6855210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether MTNR1B gene variants influence repaglinide response in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 300 patients with T2DM and 200 control subjects were enrolled to identify MTNR1B rs10830963 and rs1387153 genotypes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with subsequent high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Ninety-five patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomly selected to undergo 8 weeks of repaglinide treatment (3 mg/day). After 8-week repaglinide monotherapy, patients with at least one G allele of MTNR1B rs10830963 showed a smaller decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P = 0.031) and a smaller increase in homeostasis model assessment for beta cell function (HOMA-B) (P = 0.002) levels than those with the CC genotype did. The T allele carriers at rs1387153 exhibited a smaller decrease in FPG (P = 0.007) and smaller increases in postprandial serum insulin (PINS) (P = 0.016) and HOMA-B (P < 0.001) levels compared to individuals with the CC genotype. These data suggest that the MTNR1B rs10830963 and rs1387153 polymorphisms are associated with repaglinide monotherapy efficacy in Chinese patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ran Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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6
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Challenges to assess substrate-dependent allelic effects in CYP450 enzymes and the potential clinical implications. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:501-515. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Zhou S, Xiang Q, Mu G, Ma L, Chen S, Xie Q, Zhang Z, Cui Y. Effects of CYP2C8 and SLCO1B1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Repaglinide Pharmacokinetics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:266-274. [PMID: 30636597 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190111114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the potential impact
of CYP2C8 and SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms on repaglinide pharmacokinetics.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases. Eligible studies reported data from pharmacokinetic
evaluations of repaglinide in healthy adults according to different categories of CYP2C8 and SLCO1B1
genetic polymorphisms.
Results:
Six studies including a total of 191 participants met the inclusion criteria. We noted that CYP2C8 *1/*3 carriers exhibited lower AUC(0-∞) (SMD: -0.77; 95%CI: -1.23 to -0.30; P=0.001) and Cmax (SMD: -0.94; 95%CI: - 1.41 to -0.47; P<0.001) than CYP2C8 *1/*1 carriers. There were no significant differences in AUC(0-∞), Cmax, t1/2 and mean change in blood glucose concentration between *1/*4 and *1/*1 carriers. Further, *3/*3 carriers had lower Cmax (SMD: -1.42; 95%CI: -2.66 to -0.17; P=0.026) than *1/*1 carriers. Additionally, *3/*3 carriers had lower Cmax than *1/*3 carriers (SMD: -1.20; 95%CI: -2.40 to -0.00; P=0.050). Finally, we noted that repaglinide pharmacokinetics did not differ by SLCO1B1 genotype.
Conclusion:
The current systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the genotype of CYP2C8, but not
SLCO1B1, may affect repaglinide pharmacokinetics. However, because of the comparatively insufficient number of
published studies included, our conclusions require support from additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guangyan Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lingyue Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qiufen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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8
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Shang Z, Han F, Zhou X, Bao Z, Zhu J, Wang T, Lu Q, Du L, Li W, Lv D, Yin X. A variant of GRK5 is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:129-135. [PMID: 29663513 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-Market Research We aimed to investigate the impact of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) rs10886471 polymorphism on repaglinide efficacy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 300 T2DM patients and 210 healthy controls were genotyped for GRK5 rs10886471 on a three-dimensional polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray. Eighty-five patients with the same genotypes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8*3 139Arg and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) 521TT were randomly selected to orally take repaglinide for eight consecutive weeks. Then, the biochemical indicators and pharmacodynamic parameters were measured before and after repaglinide treatment. The T allelic frequency of GRK5 rs10886471 was higher in T2DM patients than in healthy subjects (p < .01). T2DM patients with genotypes CC and CT at GRK5 rs10886471 had a significant reduction in terms of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared with those with genotype TT (p < .01). In addition, the carriers of genotypes CC and CT at GRK5 rs10886471 had higher differential values of postprandial serum insulin (PINS) compared with genotype TT carriers (p < .05). These findings suggest that GRK5 rs10886471 polymorphism may influence the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese Han T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Diagnostics, Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zejun Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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9
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Brunetti A, Chiefari E, Foti DP. Pharmacogenetics in type 2 diabetes: still a conundrum in clinical practice. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2017; 12:155-158. [PMID: 30063457 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2017.1316192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Brunetti
- a Department of Health Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- a Department of Health Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- a Department of Health Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
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10
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Isvoran A, Louet M, Vladoiu DL, Craciun D, Loriot MA, Villoutreix BO, Miteva MA. Pharmacogenomics of the cytochrome P450 2C family: impacts of amino acid variations on drug metabolism. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:366-376. [PMID: 27693711 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics investigates DNA and RNA variations in the human genome related to drug responses. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a supergene family of drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for the metabolism of approximately 90% of human drugs. Among the major CYP isoforms, the CYP2C subfamily is of clinical significance because it metabolizes approximately 20% of clinically administrated drugs and represents several variant alleles leading to adverse drug reactions or altering drug efficacy. Here, we review recent progress on understanding the interindividual variability of the CYP2C members and the functional and clinical impact on drug metabolism. We summarize current advances in the molecular modeling of CYP2C polymorphisms and discuss the structural bases and molecular mechanisms of amino acid variants of CYP2C members that affect drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Isvoran
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi, Timisoara 300115, Romania; Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, West University of Timisoara, 4 Oituz, Timisoara 300086, Romania
| | - Maxime Louet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques In silico, 39 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Diana Larisa Vladoiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, West University of Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi, Timisoara 300115, Romania; Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, West University of Timisoara, 4 Oituz, Timisoara 300086, Romania
| | - Dana Craciun
- Teacher Training Department, West University of Timisoara, Blvd. V. Parvan, Timisoara 300223, Romania
| | - Marie-Anne Loriot
- INSERM UMR_S1147, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques In silico, 39 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Maria A Miteva
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques In silico, 39 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM, U973, Paris, France.
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11
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Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ. Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:168-241. [PMID: 26721703 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 10-15 years, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 has emerged as an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. CYP2C8 is highly expressed in human liver and is known to metabolize more than 100 drugs. CYP2C8 substrate drugs include amodiaquine, cerivastatin, dasabuvir, enzalutamide, imatinib, loperamide, montelukast, paclitaxel, pioglitazone, repaglinide, and rosiglitazone, and the number is increasing. Similarly, many drugs have been identified as CYP2C8 inhibitors or inducers. In vivo, already a small dose of gemfibrozil, i.e., 10% of its therapeutic dose, is a strong, irreversible inhibitor of CYP2C8. Interestingly, recent findings indicate that the acyl-β-glucuronides of gemfibrozil and clopidogrel cause metabolism-dependent inactivation of CYP2C8, leading to a strong potential for drug interactions. Also several other glucuronide metabolites interact with CYP2C8 as substrates or inhibitors, suggesting that an interplay between CYP2C8 and glucuronides is common. Lack of fully selective and safe probe substrates, inhibitors, and inducers challenges execution and interpretation of drug-drug interaction studies in humans. Apart from drug-drug interactions, some CYP2C8 genetic variants are associated with altered CYP2C8 activity and exhibit significant interethnic frequency differences. Herein, we review the current knowledge on substrates, inhibitors, inducers, and pharmacogenetics of CYP2C8, as well as its role in clinically relevant drug interactions. In addition, implications for selection of CYP2C8 marker and perpetrator drugs to investigate CYP2C8-mediated drug metabolism and interactions in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Anne M Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Pertti J Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
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12
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Milovanovic DD, Milovanovic JR, Radovanovic M, Radosavljevic I, Obradovic S, Jankovic S, Milovanovic D, Djordjevic N. The influence of CYP2C8*3 on carbamazepine serum concentration in epileptic pediatric patients. Balkan J Med Genet 2016; 19:21-28. [PMID: 27785404 PMCID: PMC5026276 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of CYP2C8 variants *3 and *5, as well as their effect on carbamazepine pharmacokinetic properties, in 40 epileptic pediatric patients on carbamazepine treatment. Genotyping was conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and allele-specific (AS)-PCR methods, and steady-state carbamazepine plasma concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The CYP2C8 *3 and *5 polymorphisms were found at frequencies of 17.5 and 0.0%, respectively. After dose adjustment, there was a difference in daily dose in CYP2C8*3 carriers compared to non carriers [mean ± standard deviation (SD): 14.19 ± 5.39 vs. 15.46 ± 4.35 mg/kg; p = 0.5]. Dose-normalized serum concentration of carbamazepine was higher in CYP2C8*3 (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 0.18 vs. 0.43 ± 0.11 mg/mL, p = 0.04), and the observed correlation between weight-adjusted carbamazepine dose and carbamazepine concentration after dose adjustment was significant only in CYP2C8*3 non carriers (r = 0.52, p = 0.002). However, the population pharmacokinetic analysis failed to demonstrate any significant effect of CYP2C8 *3 polymorphism on carbamazepine clearance [CL L/h = 0.215 + 0.0696*SEX+ 0.000183*DD]. The results indicated that the CYP2C8*3 polymorphism might not be of clinical importance for epilepsy treatment in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Milovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J R Milovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - M Radovanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I Radosavljevic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - S Obradovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - S Jankovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - D Milovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - N Djordjevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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13
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Kleinberger JW, Pollin TI. Personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus: current opportunities and future prospects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1346:45-56. [PMID: 25907167 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 382 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over 40 and nearly 80 genetic loci influencing susceptibility to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, have been identified. In addition, there is emerging evidence that some genetic variants help to predict response to treatment. Other variants confer apparent protection from diabetes or its complications and may lead to development of novel treatment approaches. Currently, there is clear clinical utility to genetic testing to find the at least 1% of diabetic individuals who have monogenic diabetes (e.g., maturity-onset diabetes of the young and KATP channel neonatal diabetes). Diagnosing many of these currently underdiagnosed types of diabetes enables personalized treatment, resulting in improved and less invasive glucose control, better prediction of prognosis, and enhanced familial risk assessment. Efforts to enhance the rate of detection, diagnosis, and personalized treatment of individuals with monogenic diabetes should set the stage for effective clinical translation of current genetic, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacogenomic research of more complex forms of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Kleinberger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Maeda K. Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP)1B1 and OATP1B3 as Important Regulators of the Pharmacokinetics of Substrate Drugs. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:155-68. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
The University of Tokyo
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15
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Song JF, Wang T, Zhu J, Zhou XY, Lu Q, Guo H, Zhang F, Wang Y, Li W, Wang DD, Cui YW, Lv DM, Yin XX. PPARDrs2016520 polymorphism affects repaglinide response in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 42:27-32. [PMID: 25311380 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
- Department of Pharmacy; Wuxi Third People's Hospital; Wuxi China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Hao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Wei Li
- Depatment of Endocrinology; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Ya-Wen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dong-Mei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
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16
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Brunetti A, Brunetti FS, Chiefari E. Pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus: An example of success in clinical and translational medicine. World J Transl Med 2014; 3:141-149. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v3.i3.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological interventions currently available to control type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show a wide interindividual variability in drug response, emphasizing the importance of a personalized, more effective medical treatment for each individual patient. In this context, a growing interest has emerged in recent years and has focused on pharmacogenetics, a discipline aimed at understanding the variability in patients’ drug response, making it possible to predict which drug is best for each patient and at what doses. Recent pharmacological and clinical evidences indicate that genetic polymorphisms (or genetic variations) of certain genes can adversely affect drug response and therapeutic efficacy of oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with T2DM, through pharmacokinetic- and/or pharmacodynamic-based mechanisms that may reduce the therapeutic effects or increase toxicity. For example, genetic variants in genes encoding enzymes of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily, or proteins of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel on the beta-cell of the pancreas, are responsible for the interindividual variability of drug response to sulfonylureas in patients with T2DM. Instead, genetic variants in the genes that encode for the organic cation transporters of metformin have been related to changes in both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic responses to metformin in metformin-treated patients. Thus, based on the individual’s genotype, the possibility, in these subjects, of a personalized therapy constitutes the main goal of pharmacogenetics, directly leading to the development of the right medicine for the right patient. Undoubtedly, this represents an integral part of the translational medicine network.
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PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 8. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 23:721-8. [PMID: 23962911 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283653b27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Gertz M, Tsamandouras N, Säll C, Houston JB, Galetin A. Reduced physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of repaglinide: impact of OATP1B1 and CYP2C8 genotype and source of in vitro data on the prediction of drug-drug interaction risk. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2367-82. [PMID: 24623479 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of OATP1B1 genotype as a covariate on repaglinide pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction (DDIs) risk using a reduced physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. METHODS Twenty nine mean plasma concentration-time profiles for SLCO1B1 c.521T>C were used to estimate hepatic uptake clearance (CLuptake) in different genotype groups applying a population approach in NONMEM v.7.2. RESULTS Estimated repaglinide CLuptake corresponded to 217 and 113 μL/min/10(6) cells for SLCO1B1 c.521TT/TC and CC, respectively. A significant effect of OATP1B1 genotype was seen on CLuptake (48% reduction for CC relative to wild type). Sensitivity analysis highlighted the impact of CLmet and CLdiff uncertainty on the CLuptake optimization using plasma data. Propagation of this uncertainty had a marginal effect on the prediction of repaglinide OATP1B1-mediated DDI with cyclosporine; however, sensitivity of the predicted magnitude of repaglinide metabolic DDI was high. In addition, the reduced PBPK model was used to assess the effect of both CYP2C8*3 and SLCO1B1 c.521T>C on repaglinide exposure by simulations; power calculations were performed to guide prospective DDI and pharmacogenetic studies. CONCLUSIONS The application of reduced PBPK model for parameter optimization and limitations of this process associated with the use of plasma rather than tissue profiles are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gertz
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
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Wang T, Wang Y, Lv DM, Song JF, Lu Q, Gao X, Zhang F, Guo H, Li W, Yin XX. Effects of NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphism on repaglinide response in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 34:131-9. [PMID: 24338736 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphism with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and repaglinide therapeutic efficacy in Chinese patients with T2DM. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS A total of 300 patients with T2DM and 200 healthy volunteers were enrolled to identify NOS1AP rs12742393 genotypes using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Eighty-four patients with various genotypes were randomly selected to receive oral repaglinide as a single-agent therapy (3 mg/day) for 8 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Anthropometric measurements and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c , fasting serum insulin (FINS), postprandial serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol tests were obtained before and after repaglinide treatment. The risk C allelic frequency of NOS1AP rs12742393 was higher in patients with T2DM than in healthy volunteers (p<0.001). Patients with T2DM and genotypes AA and AC at NOS1AP rs12742393 had a significant reduction in FPG (mmol/l) compared with those with genotype CC (p<0.01). Patients with CC homozygotes and AC heterozygotes had a greater increase in FINS (mU/l) than those with wild-type AA (p<0.05). In addition, the carriers of genotype CC at NOS1AP rs12742393 had higher differential values of HOMA-IR compared with genotypes AC and AA carriers (p<0.001). The effects of repaglinide treatment on FPG (p<0.01), FINS (p<0.05) and HOMA-IR (p<0.001) were reduced in patients with T2DM carrying the NOS1AP rs12742393 risk C allele compared with the AA genotype carriers. CONCLUSION The NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphism is associated with therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Semiz S, Dujic T, Causevic A. Pharmacogenetics and personalized treatment of type 2 diabetes. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2013; 23:154-71. [PMID: 23894862 PMCID: PMC3900064 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2013.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic with considerable health and economic consequences. T2DM patients are often treated with more than one drug, including oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) and drugs used to treat diabetic complications, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. If genetic testing could be employed to predict treatment outcome, appropriate measures could be taken to treat T2DM more efficiently. Here we provide a review of pharmacogenetic studies focused on OAD and a role of common drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) and drug-transporters (DT) variants in therapy outcomes. For example, genetic variations of several membrane transporters, including SLC2A1/2 and SLC47A1/2 genes, are implicated in the highly variable glycemic response to metformin, a first-line drug used to treat newly diagnosed T2DM. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are implicated in variation of sulphonylurea and meglitinide metabolism. Additional variants related to drug target and diabetes risk genes have been also linked to interindividual differences in the efficacy and toxicity of OAD. Thus, in addition to promoting safe and cost-effective individualized diabetes treatment, pharmacogenomics has a great potential to complement current efforts to optimize treatment of diabetes and lead towards its effective and personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Semiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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21
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Yu L, Shi D, Ma L, Zhou Q, Zeng S. Influence ofCYP2C8polymorphisms on the hydroxylation metabolism of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomersin vitro. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2013; 34:278-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Da Shi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Liping Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang; Zhejiang Province; China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
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van Leeuwen N, Swen JJ, Guchelaar HJ, ’t Hart LM. The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Drug Disposition and Response of Oral Glucose-Lowering Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:833-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yu L, Jiang Y, Wang L, Sheng R, Hu Y, Zeng S. Metabolism of BYZX in human liver microsomes and cytosol: identification of the metabolites and metabolic pathways of BYZX. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59882. [PMID: 23555822 PMCID: PMC3612106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BYZX, [(E)-2-(4-((diethylamino)methyl)benzylidene)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden-one], belongs to a series of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and has been synthesized as a new chemical entity for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. When incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs), BYZX was rapidly transformed into its metabolites M1, M2, and M3. The chemical structures of these metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, which indicated that M1 was an N-desethylated and C = C hydrogenation metabolite of BYZX. M2 and M3 were 2 precursor metabolites, which resulted from the hydrogenation and desethylation of BYZX, respectively. Further studies with chemical inhibitors and human recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and correlation studies were performed. The results indicated that the N-desethylation of BYZX and M2 was mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. The reduced form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate was involved in the hydrogenation of BYZX and M3, and this reaction occurred in the HLMs and in the human liver cytosol. The hydrogenation reaction was not inhibited by any chemical inhibitors of CYPs, but it was significantly inhibited by some substrates of α,β-ketoalkene C = C reductases and their inhibitors such as benzylideneacetone, dicoumarol, and indomethacin. Our results suggest that α,β-ketoalkene C = C reductases may play a role in the hydrogenation reaction, but this issue requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Zhejiang University-Ecole Normole Superienre Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- Zhejiang University-Ecole Normole Superienre Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu X, Zuo J, Guo T, Yuan L. CYP2C8Polymorphism Frequencies Among Han, Uighur, Hui, and Mongolian Chinese Populations. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:104-8. [PMID: 23336573 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinliang Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Economic and Technological Development Zone Public Security Bureau of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
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Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:103-41. [PMID: 23333322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2520] [Impact Index Per Article: 229.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging to the CYP1, 2, and 3 families, are responsible for the biotransformation of most foreign substances including 70-80% of all drugs in clinical use. The highest expressed forms in liver are CYPs 3A4, 2C9, 2C8, 2E1, and 1A2, while 2A6, 2D6, 2B6, 2C19 and 3A5 are less abundant and CYPs 2J2, 1A1, and 1B1 are mainly expressed extrahepatically. Expression of each CYP is influenced by a unique combination of mechanisms and factors including genetic polymorphisms, induction by xenobiotics, regulation by cytokines, hormones and during disease states, as well as sex, age, and others. Multiallelic genetic polymorphisms, which strongly depend on ethnicity, play a major role for the function of CYPs 2D6, 2C19, 2C9, 2B6, 3A5 and 2A6, and lead to distinct pharmacogenetic phenotypes termed as poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. For these CYPs, the evidence for clinical significance regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug efficacy and dose requirement is rapidly growing. Polymorphisms in CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 2E1, 2J2, and 3A4 are generally less predictive, but new data on CYP3A4 show that predictive variants exist and that additional variants in regulatory genes or in NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) can have an influence. Here we review the recent progress on drug metabolism activity profiles, interindividual variability and regulation of expression, and the functional and clinical impact of genetic variation in drug metabolizing P450s.
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In Vivo Characterization of Interactions on Transporters. TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8229-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Koenen A, Kroemer HK, Grube M, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE. Current understanding of hepatic and intestinal OATP-mediated drug-drug interactions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 4:729-42. [PMID: 22111859 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
At present, many patients are medicated with various drugs, which are, at the same time, associated with an increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Detailed analysis of mechanisms underlying DDIs is the basis of a better prediction of adverse drug events caused by drug interactions. In the last few decades, an involvement of transporters in such processes has been more and more recognized. Indeed, uptake transporters belonging to the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) family have been shown to interact with a variety of drugs in clinical use. Particularly, the subfamily of OATP1B transporters has been extensively studied, identifying several clinical significant DDIs based on those hepatic uptake transporters. By contrast, the role of OATP2B1 in this context is rather underestimated. Therefore, in addition to known interactions based on OATP1B transporters, we have focused on DDIs probably based on OATP2B1 inhibition in the liver and those possibly owing to the inhibition of OATP2B1-mediated drug absorption in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koenen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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28
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:277-84. [PMID: 22414891 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e328351e459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Xiang Q, Cui YM, Zhao X, Yan L, Zhou Y. The Influence of MDR1 G2677T/a genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of repaglinide in healthy Chinese volunteers. Pharmacology 2012; 89:105-10. [PMID: 22398664 DOI: 10.1159/000336345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacogenetic variability in the disposition of repaglinide in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS A single dose of 2 mg repaglinide was orally administered to 24 healthy Chinese subjects. The serum concentrations of repaglinide were measured by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. We determined the polymorphic alleles of MDR1 C1236T, MDR1 G2677T/A, MDR1 C3435T, CYP3A4*18, OATP1B1 G388A, and OATP1B1 T521C in each subject. RESULTS The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC((0-inf))) of repaglinide was significantly higher in subjects possessing the MDR1 2677GT and 2677TT alleles than in those with the MDR1 2677GG and 2677TA alleles (p = 0.007). The mean AUCs and peak plasma concentration were higher in subjects with the 521TC allele than in those with the OATP1B1 521TT allele, and the OATP1B1 388A allele is associated with a reduced trend of pharmacokinetic exposure; however, these trends were not statistically significant. The pharmacokinetics of repaglinide was not associated with MDR1 C1236T, MDR1 C3435T, and CYP3A4*18. CONCLUSION This study shows that the genetic polymorphisms of MDR1 G2677T/A might explain the variability in the pharmacokinetics of repaglinide in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Gökalp O, Gunes A, Cam H, Cure E, Aydın O, Tamer MN, Scordo MG, Dahl ML. Mild hypoglycaemic attacks induced by sulphonylureas related to CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2C8 polymorphisms in routine clinical setting. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:1223-9. [PMID: 21691805 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, 2C19 and 2C8 genes on the risk of mild hypoglycaemic attacks in patients treated with sulphonylureas. METHODS One hundred and eight type 2 diabetic patients (50 men, 58 women), treated with oral antidiabetics, including at least one from the sulphonylurea group (glimepiride n = 50, gliclazide n = 46, or glipizide n = 12) for 3 months or longer, were included in the study. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia (sweating, tremor, anxiety and palpitations) during a 3 month period were recorded and confirmed by home glucose measurements. Gender, age, body mass index, creatinine clearance, HbA1c, oral antidiabetic dose and concomitant medication were assessed together with functional CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2C8 polymorphisms, analysed by real-time PCR methods. RESULTS Fifteen patients (eight men, seven women) reported hypoglycaemia symptoms which were validated by their home glucose measurements (< 70 mg/dl). Heterozygosity and homozygosity for CYP2C9 variant alleles (*2 or *3) tended to be more frequent among patients who reported hypoglycaemic attacks (60 and 7%) than those who did not (39 and 3%). Similarly, the CYP2C8*1/*3 genotype tended to be more frequent in patients with (47%) than without (27%) hypoglycaemia, while no such trend was observed for CYP2C19 variants. However, only in the gliclazide group a significant association between CYP2C9 genotype and hypoglycaemic attacks was observed (P = 0.035). None of the other covariates showed any significant association with the risk of hypoglycaemic attacks. CONCLUSIONS CYP2C9 polymorphisms leading to decreased enzyme activity show a modest impact on the risk of mild hypoglycaemia attacks during oral antidiabetic treatment, with a significant association in patients treated with gliclazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Gökalp
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Impact of genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2 C (CYP2C) enzymes on the drug metabolism and design of antidiabetics. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 194:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Honkalammi J, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. Dose-Dependent Interaction between Gemfibrozil and Repaglinide in Humans: Strong Inhibition of CYP2C8 with Subtherapeutic Gemfibrozil Doses. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1977-86. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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