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Fogal V, Michopoulos F, Jarnuczak AF, Hamza GM, Harlfinger S, Davey P, Hulme H, Atkinson SJ, Gabrowski P, Cheung T, Grondine M, Hoover C, Rose J, Bray C, Foster AJ, Askin S, Majumder MM, Fitzpatrick P, Miele E, Macdonald R, Keun HC, Coen M. Mechanistic safety assessment via multi-omic characterisation of systemic pathway perturbations following in vivo MAT2A inhibition. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2589-2603. [PMID: 38755480 PMCID: PMC11272821 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p16/CDKN2A and the metabolic gene, methyl-thio-adenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), are frequently co-deleted in some of the most aggressive and currently untreatable cancers. Cells with MTAP deletion are vulnerable to inhibition of the metabolic enzyme, methionine-adenosyl transferase 2A (MAT2A), and the protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT5). This synthetic lethality has paved the way for the rapid development of drugs targeting the MAT2A/PRMT5 axis. MAT2A and its liver- and pancreas-specific isoform, MAT1A, generate the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from ATP and methionine. Given the pleiotropic role SAM plays in methylation of diverse substrates, characterising the extent of SAM depletion and downstream perturbations following MAT2A/MAT1A inhibition (MATi) is critical for safety assessment. We have assessed in vivo target engagement and the resultant systemic phenotype using multi-omic tools to characterise response to a MAT2A inhibitor (AZ'9567). We observed significant SAM depletion and extensive methionine accumulation in the plasma, liver, brain and heart of treated rats, providing the first assessment of both global SAM depletion and evidence of hepatic MAT1A target engagement. An integrative analysis of multi-omic data from liver tissue identified broad perturbations in pathways covering one-carbon metabolism, trans-sulfuration and lipid metabolism. We infer that these pathway-wide perturbations represent adaptive responses to SAM depletion and confer a risk of oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis and an associated disturbance in plasma and cellular lipid homeostasis. The alterations also explain the dramatic increase in plasma and tissue methionine, which could be used as a safety and PD biomarker going forward to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fogal
- Oncology Safety, Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Filippos Michopoulos
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew F Jarnuczak
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ghaith M Hamza
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, USA
| | | | - Paul Davey
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Hulme
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piotr Gabrowski
- Biological Insights Knowledge Graph, R&D IT, AstraZeneca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tony Cheung
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, USA
| | | | - Clare Hoover
- Oncology Safety Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, USA
| | - Jonathan Rose
- Animal Science & Technologies, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chandler Bray
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alison J Foster
- Regulatory Toxicology and Safety Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean Askin
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sci, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muntasir Mamun Majumder
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Fitzpatrick
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Miele
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, USA
| | - Ruth Macdonald
- Animal Science & Technologies, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Oncology Safety, Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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Chen X, Jin J, Chang R, Yang X, Li N, Zhu X, Ma L, Li Y. Targeting the sulfur-containing amino acid pathway in leukemia. Amino Acids 2024; 56:47. [PMID: 39060524 PMCID: PMC11281984 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
sulfur-containing amino acids have been reported to patriciate in gene regulation, DNA methylation, protein synthesis and other physiological or pathological processes. In recent years, metabolism-related molecules of sulfur-containing amino acids affecting the occurrence, development and treatment of tumors have been implicated in various disorders, especially in leukemia. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism pathway in leukemia and examine ongoing efforts to target this pathway, including treatment strategies targeting (a) sulfur-containing amino acids, (b) metabolites of sulfur-containing amino acids, and (c) enzymes and cofactors related to sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in leukemia. Future leukemia therapy will likely involve innovative strategies targeting the sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jiahui Jin
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Rui Chang
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xing Yang
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Na Li
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong new area, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong new area, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Acosta CH, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Carr WC, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Sanicola HW, Freelin AH, Toms JB, Jordan JD, Guthikonda B, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Lin HW. A role for protein arginine methyltransferase 7 in repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2023; 166:105524. [PMID: 37030326 PMCID: PMC10988608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury affects the largest proportion of individuals in the United States and world-wide. Pre-clinical studies of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) have been limited in their ability to recapitulate human pathology (i.e. diffuse rotational injury). We used the closed-head impact model of engineered rotation acceleration (CHIMERA) to simulate rotational injury observed in patients and to study the pathological outcomes post-rmTBI using C57BL/6J mice. Enhanced cytokine production was observed in both the cortex and hippocampus to suggest neuroinflammation. Furthermore, microglia were assessed via enhanced iba1 protein levels and morphological changes using immunofluorescence. In addition, LC/MS analyses revealed excess glutamate production, as well as diffuse axonal injury via Bielschowsky's silver stain kit. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of rmTBI has made it challenging to identify drug therapies that address rmTBI, therefore we sought to identify novel targets in the concurrent rmTBI pathology. The pathophysiological findings correlated with a time-dependent decrease in protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) protein expression and activity post-rmTBI along with dysregulation of PRMT upstream mediators s-adenosylmethionine and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 (MAT2) in vivo. In addition, inhibition of the upstream mediator MAT2A using the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line suggest a mechanistic role for PRMT7 via MAT2A in vitro. Collectively, we have identified PRMT7 as a novel target in rmTBI pathology in vivo and a mechanistic link between PRMT7 and upstream mediator MAT2A in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - William C Carr
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Henry W Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Anne H Freelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jamie B Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Crouse MS, Freetly HC, Lindholm-Perry AK, Neville BW, Oliver WT, Lee RT, Syring JG, King LE, Reynolds LP, Dahlen CR, Caton JS, Ward AK, Cushman RA. One-carbon metabolite supplementation to heifers for the first 14 d of the estrous cycle alters the plasma and hepatic one-carbon metabolite pool and methionine-folate cycle enzyme transcript abundance in a dose-dependent manner. J Anim Sci 2022; 101:6960706. [PMID: 36566452 PMCID: PMC9890446 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the dose of folate and vitamin B12 in beef heifers fed rumen protected methionine and choline required to maintain increased B12 levels and intermediates of the methionine-folate cycle in circulation. Angus heifers (n = 30; BW = 392.6 ± 12.6 kg) were individually fed and assigned to one of five treatments: 0XNEG: Total mixed ration (TMR) and saline injections at day 0 and 7 of the estrous cycle, 0XPOS: TMR, rumen protected methionine (MET) fed at 0.08% of the diet DM, rumen protected choline (CHOL) fed at 60 g/d, and saline injections at day 0 and 7, 0.5X: TMR, MET, CHOL, 5 mg B12, and 80 mg folate at day 0 and 7, 1X: TMR, MET CHOL, 10 mg vitamin B12, and 160 mg folate at day 0 and 7, and 2X: TMR, MET, CHOL, 20 mg B12, and 320 mg folate at day 0 and 7. All heifers were estrus synchronized but not bred, and blood was collected on day 0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 of a synchronized estrous cycle. Heifers were slaughtered on day 14 of the estrous cycle for liver collection. Serum B12 concentrations were greater in the 0.5X, 1X, and 2X, compared with 0XNEG and 0XPOS on all days after treatment initiation (P < 0.0001). Serum folate concentrations were greater for the 2X treatment at day 5, 7, and 9 of the cycle compared with all other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). There were no differences (P ≥ 0.19) in hepatic methionine-cycle or choline analyte concentrations by treatment. Concentrations of hepatic folate cycle intermediates were always greater (P ≤ 0.04) in the 2X treatment compared with the 0XNEG and 0XPOS heifers. Serum methionine was greater (P = 0.04) in the 0.5X and 2X heifers compared with 0XNEG, and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in the 0.5X heifers and the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM):SAH ratio was decreased (P = 0.05) in the 0.5X treatment compared with the 0XNEG, 0XPOS, and 2X heifers. The hepatic transcript abundance of MAT2A and MAT2B were decreased (P ≤ 0.02) in the 0.5X heifers compared with the 0XNEG, 0XPOS, and 2X heifers. These data support that beef heifers fed rumen protected methionine and choline require 20 mg B12 and 320 mg folate once weekly to maintain increased concentrations of B12 and folate in serum. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that not all supplementation levels are equal in providing positive responses, and that some levels, such as the 0.5X, may result in a stoichiometric imbalance in the one-carbon metabolism pathway that results in a decreased SAM:SAH ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harvey C Freetly
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | | | - Bryan W Neville
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - William T Oliver
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Robert T Lee
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Jessica G Syring
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Layla E King
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Robert A Cushman
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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Li C, Gui G, Zhang L, Qin A, Zhou C, Zha X. Overview of Methionine Adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) as an Anticancer Target: Structure, Function, and Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9531-9547. [PMID: 35796517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine cycle that primarily catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). MAT2A has been recognized as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. Recently, a few MAT2A inhibitors have been reported, and three entered clinical trials to treat solid tumorsor lymphoma with MTAP loss. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the roles of MAT2A in cancer and the discovery of MAT2A inhibitors. Furthermore, a perspective on the use of MAT2A inhibitors for the treatment of cancer is also discussed. We hope to provide guidance for future drug design and optimization via analysis of the binding modes of known MAT2A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzheng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gang Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Anqi Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
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Crouse MS, Caton JS, Claycombe-Larson KJ, Diniz WJS, Lindholm-Perry AK, Reynolds LP, Dahlen CR, Borowicz PP, Ward AK. Epigenetic Modifier Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Respiration and Growth Rates and Alters DNA Methylation of Bovine Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Cultured in Divergent Energy Supply. Front Genet 2022; 13:812764. [PMID: 35281844 PMCID: PMC8907857 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifiers (EM; methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) are important for early embryonic development due to their roles as methyl donors or cofactors in methylation reactions. Additionally, they are essential for the synthesis of nucleotides, polyamines, redox equivalents, and energy metabolites. Despite their importance, investigation into the supplementation of EM in ruminants has been limited to one or two epigenetic modifiers. Like all biochemical pathways, one-carbon metabolism needs to be stoichiometrically balanced. Thus, we investigated the effects of supplementing four EM encompassing the methionine–folate cycle on bovine embryonic fibroblast growth, mitochondrial function, and DNA methylation. We hypothesized that EM supplemented to embryonic fibroblasts cultured in divergent glucose media would increase mitochondrial respiration and cell growth rate and alter DNA methylation as reflected by changes in the gene expression of enzymes involved in methylation reactions, thereby improving the growth parameters beyond Control treated cells. Bovine embryonic fibroblast cells were cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium with 1 g/L glucose (Low) or 4.5 g/L glucose (High). The control medium contained no additional OCM, whereas the treated media contained supplemented EM at 2.5, 5, and 10 times (×2.5, ×5, and ×10, respectively) the control media, except for methionine (limited to ×2). Therefore, the experimental design was a 2 (levels of glucose) × 4 (levels of EM) factorial arrangement of treatments. Cells were passaged three times in their respective treatment media before analysis for growth rate, cell proliferation, mitochondrial respiration, transcript abundance of methionine–folate cycle enzymes, and DNA methylation by reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing. Total cell growth was greatest in High ×10 and mitochondrial maximal respiration, and reserve capacity was greatest (p < 0.01) for High ×2.5 and ×10 compared with all other treatments. In Low cells, the total growth rate, mitochondrial maximal respiration, and reserve capacity increased quadratically to 2.5 and ×5 and decreased to control levels at ×10. The biological processes identified due to differential methylation included the positive regulation of GTPase activity, molecular function, protein modification processes, phosphorylation, and metabolic processes. These data are interpreted to imply that EM increased the growth rate and mitochondrial function beyond Control treated cells in both Low and High cells, which may be due to changes in the methylation of genes involved with growth and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew S. Crouse,
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Das A, Sanyal T, Bhattacharjee P, Bhattacharjee P. Depletion of S-adenosylmethionine pool and promoter hypermethylation of Arsenite methyltransferase in arsenic-induced skin lesion individuals: A case-control study from West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111184. [PMID: 33894237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of arsenic compounds in the human body occurs following a series of biochemical reactions in the presence of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and catalyzed by arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT). However, the extent and pattern of methylation differs among the arsenic exposed individuals leading to differential susceptibility. The mechanism for such inter-individual difference is enigmatic. In the present case-control study we recruited exposed individuals with and without arsenic induced skin lesion (WSL and WOSL), and an unexposed cohort, each having 120 individuals. Using ELISA, we observed a reduction in SAM levels (p < 0.05) in WSL compared to WOSL. Linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between urinary arsenic concentration and SAM concentration between the study groups. qRT-PCR revealed a significant down-regulation (p < 0.01) of key regulatory genes like MTHFR, MTR, MAT2A and MAT2B of SAM biogenesis pathway in WSL cohort. Methylation-specific PCR revealed significant promoter hypermethylation of AS3MT (WSL vs. WOSL: p < 0.01) which resulted in its subsequent transcriptional repression (WSL vs. WOSL: p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis also showed a negative correlation between SAM concentration and percentage of promoter methylation. Taken together, these results indicate that reduction in SAM biogenesis along with a higher utilization of SAM results in a decreased availability of methyl donor. These along with epigenetic down-regulation of AS3MT may be responsible for higher susceptibility in arsenic exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamalika Sanyal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta and Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta and Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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HP1s modulate the S-Adenosyl Methionine synthesis pathway in liver cancer cells. Biochem J 2020; 477:1033-1047. [PMID: 32091571 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer in adults. Among the altered pathways leading to HCC, an increasing role is attributed to abnormal epigenetic regulation. Members of the Heterochromatin Protein (HP1) 1 family are key players in chromatin organisation, acting as docking sites for chromatin modifiers. Here, we inactivated HP1α in HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells and showed that HP1α participated in cell proliferation. HP1α-depleted cells have a global decrease in DNA methylation and consequently a perturbed chromatin organisation, as exemplified by the reactivation of transcription at centromeric and pericentromeric regions, eventhough the protein levels of chromatin writers depositing methylation marks, such as EZH2, SETDB1, SUV39H1, G9A and DNMT3A remained unaltered. This decrease was attributed mainly to a low S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM) level, a cofactor involved in methylation processes. Furthermore, we showed that this decrease was due to a modification in the Methionine adenosyl transferase 2A RNA (MAT2A) level, which modifies the ratio of MAT1A/MAT2A, two enzymes that generate SAM. Importantly, HP1α reintroduction into HP1α-depleted cells restored the MAT2A protein to its initial level. Finally, we demonstrated that this transcriptional deregulation of MAT2A in HP1α-depleted cells relied on a lack of recruitment of HP1β and HP1γ to MAT2A promoter where an improper non-CpG methylation site was promoted in the vicinity of the transcription start site where HP1β and HP1γ bound. Altogether, these results highlight an unanticipated link between HP1 and the SAM synthesis pathway, and emphasise emerging functions of HP1s as sensors of some aspects of liver cell metabolism.
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Murray B, Barbier-Torres L, Fan W, Mato JM, Lu SC. Methionine adenosyltransferases in liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4300-4319. [PMID: 31496615 PMCID: PMC6710175 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) are essential enzymes for life as they produce S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the biological methyl donor required for a plethora of reactions within the cell. Mammalian systems express two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A, which encode for MATα1 and MATα2, the catalytic subunits of the MAT isoenzymes, respectively. A third gene MAT2B, encodes a regulatory subunit known as MATβ which controls the activity of MATα2. MAT1A, which is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, maintains the differentiated state of these cells, whilst MAT2A and MAT2B are expressed in extrahepatic tissues as well as non-parenchymal cells of the liver (e.g., hepatic stellate and Kupffer cells). The biosynthesis of SAMe is impaired in patients with chronic liver disease and liver cancer due to decreased expression and inactivation of MATα1. A switch from MAT1A to MAT2A/MAT2B occurs in multiple liver diseases and during liver growth and dedifferentiation, but this change in the expression pattern of MATs results in reduced hepatic SAMe level. Decades of study have utilized the Mat1a-knockout (KO) mouse that spontaneously develops non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to elucidate a variety of mechanisms by which MAT proteins dysregulation contributes to liver carcinogenesis. An increasing volume of work indicates that MATs have SAMe-independent functions, distinct interactomes and multiple subcellular localizations. Here we aim to provide an overview of MAT biology including genes, isoenzymes and their regulation to provide the context for understanding consequences of their dysregulation. We will highlight recent breakthroughs in the field and underscore the importance of MAT’s in liver tumorigenesis as well as their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Murray
- Division of Digestive and Liver diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Lucia Barbier-Torres
- Division of Digestive and Liver diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Division of Digestive and Liver diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - José M Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology, Park of Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Digestive and Liver diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
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Xu J, Wu D, Wang S, Wang Z. MAT2B expression correlates with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5501-5511. [PMID: 31354356 PMCID: PMC6585407 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In conjunction with the methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), MAT2B protein catalyses the formation of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine to mediate cell metabolism, including proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the functional and molecular mechanisms by which MAT2B influences triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: The mRNA level of MAT2B in three human TNBC cell lines and 40 TNBC tissue samples was analysed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between MAT2B expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of TNBC patients was also analysed. Further, MAT2B function was investigated using a series of in vitro and in vivo assays with cells in which MAT2B was inhibited using RNAi. Results: We found that the mRNA levels of MAT2B were upregulated in all human TNBC cell lines tested. Moreover, positive expression of MAT2B was significantly correlated with higher T classification and M-stage. We also found that a higher level of MAT2B was correlated with worse relapse-free survival (RFS) according to a log-rank test. Next, we showed that the direct inhibition, using RNAi, of MAT2B in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells inhibited cell growth and migration and induced apoptosis. Knockdown of MAT2B in MDA-MB-231 cells also repressed the expression of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Both phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2 inhibitors reduced cell growth and migration, and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. As expected, knockdown of MAT2B in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased the rate of tumour growth in vivo. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that targeting MAT2B could suppress cell growth and migration and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT and ERK pathways in TNBC. Thus, targeting MAT2B requires further investigation as a therapeutic intervention for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Tumor Biotherapy and Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
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11
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Sun Y, Yao Y, Yu W, Shen Z. MAT2B promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in osteosarcoma by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2019-2029. [PMID: 30942439 PMCID: PMC6521932 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed bone tumor in young people with poor prognosis. At present, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in OS are not well understood. The methionine adnosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B) gene encodes the regulatory subunit of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT). Recent studies demonstrated that it is highly expressed in a number of human malignancies; however, is undefined in OS. In the present study, MAT2B expression was investigated in tumor samples and cell lines. In vivo and in vitro, lentivirus‑mediated small hairpin RNA was constructed to target the MAT2B gene and examine the role of MAT2B in OS proliferation. Microarray analysis was performed to examine the possible downstream molecular target of MAT2B in OS. MAT2B was markedly increased in OS specimens compared with the normal bone tissues, and it was additionally abundantly expressed in OS cell lines. Inhibition of MAT2B expression caused a marked decrease in proliferation and significant increase in apoptosis. In vivo, MAT2B silencing significantly inhibited OS cell growth. Microarray analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) may function as downstream targets of MAT2B in OS, as confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and western blotting. Collectively, these results suggested that MAT2B serves a critical role in the proliferation of OS by regulating EGFR and PCNA and that it may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zimei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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12
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Maldonado LY, Arsene D, Mato JM, Lu SC. Methionine adenosyltransferases in cancers: Mechanisms of dysregulation and implications for therapy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:107-117. [PMID: 29141455 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217740860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase genes encode enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, the principal biological methyl donor and precursor of polyamines and glutathione. Mammalian cells express three genes - MAT1A, MAT2A, and MAT2B - with distinct expression and functions. MAT1A is mainly expressed in the liver and maintains the differentiated states of both hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells. Conversely, MAT2A and MAT2B are widely distributed in non-parenchymal cells of the liver and extrahepatic tissues. Increasing evidence suggests that methionine adenosyltransferases play significant roles in the development of cancers. Liver cancers, namely hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, involve dysregulation of all three methionine adenosyltransferase genes. MAT1A reduction is associated with increased oxidative stress, progenitor cell expansion, genomic instability, and other mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. MAT2A/MAT2B induction confers growth and survival advantage to cancerous cells, enhancing tumor migration. Highlighted examples from colon, gastric, breast, pancreas and prostate cancer studies further underscore methionine adenosyltransferase genes' role beyond the liver in cancer development. In this subset of extra-hepatic cancers, MAT2A and MAT2B are induced via different regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the role of methionine adenosyltransferase genes in tumorigenesis helps identify attributes of these genes that may serve as valuable targets for therapy. While S-adenosylmethionine, and its metabolite, methylthioadenosine, have been largely explored as therapeutic interventions, targets aimed at regulation of MAT gene expression and methionine adenosyltransferase protein-protein interactions are now surfacing as potential effective strategies for treatment and chemoprevention of cancers. Impact statement This review examines the role of methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) in human cancer development, with a particular focus on liver cancers in which all three MAT genes are implicated in tumorigenesis. An overview of MAT genes, isoenzymes and their regulation provide context for understanding consequences of dysregulation. Highlighting examples from liver, colon, gastric, breast, pancreas and prostate cancers underscore the importance of understanding MAT's tumorigenic role in identifying future targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y Maldonado
- 1 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Diana Arsene
- 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - José M Mato
- 3 CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | - Shelly C Lu
- 4 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, 22494 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, LA, CA 90048, USA
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13
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Altered mitochondrial epigenetics associated with subchronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Toxicology 2017; 390:63-73. [PMID: 28865727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a potent and broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent, causes an irreversible, cumulative and dose-dependent cardiomyopathy that ultimately leads to congestive heart failure. The mechanisms responsible for DOX cardiotoxicity remain poorly understood, but seem to involve mitochondrial dysfunction on several levels. Epigenetics may explain a portion of this effect. Since mitochondrial dysfunction may affect the epigenetic landscape, we hypothesize that this cardiac toxicity may result from epigenetic changes related to disruption of mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n=6/group) were administered 7 weekly injections with DOX (2mgkg-1) or saline, and sacrificed two weeks after the last injection. We assessed gene expression patterns by qPCR, global DNA methylation by ELISA, and proteome lysine acetylation status by Western blot in cardiac tissue from saline and DOX-treated rats. We show for the first time that DOX treatment decreases global DNA methylation in heart but not in liver. These differences were accompanied by alterations in mRNA expression of multiple functional gene groups. DOX disrupted cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis, as demonstrated by decreased mtDNA levels and altered transcript levels for multiple mitochondrial genes encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism and epigenetic modulation were also affected. Western blotting analyses indicated a differential protein acetylation pattern in cardiac mitochondrial fractions of DOX-treated rats compared to controls. Additionally, DOX treatment increased the activity of histone deacetylases. These results suggest an interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alterations, which may be a primary determinant of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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14
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Tomasi ML, Cossu C, Spissu Y, Floris A, Ryoo M, Iglesias-Ara A, Wang Q, Pandol SJ, Bhowmick NA, Seki E, Posadas EM, Lu SC. S-adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine inhibit cancer metastasis by targeting microRNA 34a/b-methionine adenosyltransferase 2A/2B axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78851-78869. [PMID: 29108270 PMCID: PMC5668003 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is down-regulated in colorectal cancers (CRC) and required for interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced CRC metastasis. Mice lacking miR-34a developed more invasive cancer in a colitis-associated cancer model. In the same model, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and methylthioadenosine (MTA) inhibited IL-6/STAT3 and lowered tumor burden. SAMe and MTA reduce the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) and there are consensus binding sites for miR-34a/b in the MAT2A 3’UTR. Here we examined whether SAMe/MTA influence miR-34a/b expression and cancer metastasis. We found SAMe and MTA raised miR-34a/b expression in CRC cell lines, inhibited migration and invasion in vitro and liver metastasis in vivo. Like CRC, MAT2A and MAT2B expression is induced in human pancreas and prostate cancers. Treatment with SAMe, MTA, miR-34a or miR-34b inhibited MAT2A expression mainly at the protein level. MAT2B protein level also fell because MAT2A and MAT2B enhance each other’s protein stability. Overexpressing miR-34a or miR-34b inhibited while MAT2A or MAT2B enhanced CRC migration and invasion. Co-expressing either miR-34a/b had minimal to no effect on MAT2A/MAT2B’s ability to increase migration, invasion and growth. Taken together, MAT2A and MAT2B are important targets of miR-34a/b and SAMe and MTA target this axis, suppressing MAT2A/MAT2B while raising miR-34a/b expression, inhibiting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lauda Tomasi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carla Cossu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Floris
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Minjung Ryoo
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias-Ara
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of The Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Translational Oncology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Urologic Oncology Program, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Translational Oncology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Translational Oncology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Targeting S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis with a novel allosteric inhibitor of Mat2A. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:785-792. [PMID: 28553945 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is an enzyme cofactor used in methyl transfer reactions and polyamine biosynthesis. The biosynthesis of SAM from ATP and L-methionine is performed by the methionine adenosyltransferase enzyme family (Mat; EC 2.5.1.6). Human methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (Mat2A), the extrahepatic isoform, is often deregulated in cancer. We identified a Mat2A inhibitor, PF-9366, that binds an allosteric site on Mat2A that overlaps with the binding site for the Mat2A regulator, Mat2B. Studies exploiting PF-9366 suggested a general mode of Mat2A allosteric regulation. Allosteric binding of PF-9366 or Mat2B altered the Mat2A active site, resulting in increased substrate affinity and decreased enzyme turnover. These data support a model whereby Mat2B functions as an inhibitor of Mat2A activity when methionine or SAM levels are high, yet functions as an activator of Mat2A when methionine or SAM levels are low. The ramification of Mat2A activity modulation in cancer cells is also described.
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16
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Peng H, Li TWH, Yang H, Moyer MP, Mato JM, Lu SC. Methionine adenosyltransferase 2B-GIT1 complex serves as a scaffold to regulate Ras/Raf/MEK1/2 activity in human liver and colon cancer cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1135-44. [PMID: 25794709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B) encodes for variant proteins V1 and V2 that interact with GIT1 to increase ERK activity and growth in human liver and colon cancer cells. MAT2B or GIT1 overexpression activates MEK. This study explores the mechanism for MEK activation. We examined protein-protein interactions by co-immunoprecipitation and verified by confocal microscopy and pull-down assay using recombinant or in vitro translated proteins. Results were confirmed in an orthotopic liver cancer model. We found that MAT2B and GIT1-mediated MEK1/2 activation was not mediated by PAK1 or Src in HepG2 or RKO cells. Instead, MAT2B and GIT1 interact with B-Raf and c-Raf and enhance recruitment of Raf proteins to MEK1/2. MAT2B-GIT1 activates c-Raf, which is the key mediator for MEK/12 activation, because this still occurred in RKO cells that express constitutively active B-Raf mutant. The mechanism lies with the ability of MAT2B-GIT1 to activate Ras and promote B-Raf/c-Raf heterodimerization. Interestingly, MAT2B but not GIT1 can directly interact with Ras, which increases protein stability. Finally, increased Ras-Raf-MEK signaling occurred in phenotypically more aggressive liver cancers overexpressing MAT2B variants and GIT1. In conclusion, interaction between MAT2B and GIT1 serves as a scaffold and facilitates signaling in multiple steps of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, further emphasizing the importance of MAT2B/GIT1 interaction in cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tony W H Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heping Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Jose M Mato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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17
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Costa O, Schneider P, Coquet L, Chan P, Penther D, Legrand E, Jouenne T, Vasse M, Vannier JP. Proteomic profile of pre - B2 lymphoblasts from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relation with the translocation (12; 21). Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:31. [PMID: 25136288 PMCID: PMC4128613 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, the major prognostic factors for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), age, white blood cell count and chromosomal alterations are initially taken into account for the risk stratification of patients. In the light of protein marker studies to classify subtypes of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia efficiently, we have compared the lymphoblastes proteome in Childhood ALL in accordance with the presence of t(12;21), indicator of good prognosis, usually. Methods Protein expression in pre-B2 lymphoblastic cells, collected from residual bone marrow cells after diagnostic procedures, was analyzed using two dimensional gel electrophoresis protocol. Protein spots whose average normalized volumes were statistically different in the two patients groups (n = 13; student t test p < 0.01), were excised. Tryptic peptides were then analyzed using a nano-LC1200 system coupled to a 6340 Ion Trap mass spectrometer equipped with a HPLC-chip cube interface. The tandem mass spectrometry peak lists extracted using the DataAnalysis program, were compared with the protein database Mascot Daemon. Results We focused on twelve spots corresponding to sixteen identified candidate proteins among the 26 found differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05) regarding the presence of t(12;21). Among over expressed proteins, two proteins were implicated in cellular growth arrest (i.e. calponine 2, p ≤ 0.001 and phosphatidylinositol transfer protein beta, p ≤ 0.001) in accordance with good prognosis, while two other proteins favored cell cycle proliferation (i.e. methionine adenosyl transferase 2β, p ≤ 0.005 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleo-proteins A2 p ≤ 0.01) and could therefore be good marker candidates of aggressiveness. Level of expression of proteasome subunit beta type-2 (p ≤ 0.01) and protein casein kinase 2α (p ≤ 0.01) which both favored apoptosis, deubiquitinating enzyme OTUB1 (p ≤ 0.05) and MLL septin-like fusion protein MSF-B, septin 9 i4 (p ≤ 0.01) were in accord with a good prognosis related to t(12;21) lymphoblasts. Conclusion By drawing up the protein map of leukemic cells, these new data identified marker candidates of leukemic aggressiveness and new t(12;21) patients subgroups. These preliminary results will be in the near future confirmed by using a larger sample of pre-B2 childhood ALLs from national lymphoblastic cell collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Costa
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France
| | - Pascale Schneider
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France ; Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Onco-pédiatrique du CHRU de Rouen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen 76031, France
| | - Laurent Coquet
- PISSARO Proteomic facility, (IRIB), U-Rouen, Mont Saint- Aignan, France ; CNRS UMR 6270, Team « Biofilms, Résistance, Interactions Cellules-Surfaces », U-Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- PISSARO Proteomic facility, (IRIB), U-Rouen, Mont Saint- Aignan, France
| | - Dominique Penther
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Elisabeth Legrand
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- PISSARO Proteomic facility, (IRIB), U-Rouen, Mont Saint- Aignan, France ; CNRS UMR 6270, Team « Biofilms, Résistance, Interactions Cellules-Surfaces », U-Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marc Vasse
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France ; Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Onco-pédiatrique du CHRU de Rouen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen 76031, France
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18
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Parviainen VI, Joenväärä S, Tohmola N, Renkonen R. Label-free mass spectrometry proteome quantification of human embryonic kidney cells following 24 hours of sialic acid overproduction. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:38. [PMID: 23915316 PMCID: PMC3750590 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell surface glycoprotein sialylation is one of the most ubiquitous glycan modifications found on higher eukaryotes. The surface sialylation pattern of cells is influenced by the cellular environment but also by the Golgi sialyltransferase activity and flux of metabolites through sialic acid producing pathways. Altered cell surface sialic acid patterns have been observed in several cancers and other pathological conditions. In this experiment we examined the cellular proteomic changes that occur in human embryonic kidney cells after 24 hours of sialic acid overproduction using N-Acetylmannosamine. We utilized high resolution mass spectrometry and label free protein quantification to characterize the relative changes in protein abundance as well as multiple reaction monitoring to quantify the cellular sialic acid levels. Results Using N-Acetylmannosamine we were able to induce sialic acid production to almost 70-fold compared to non-induced control cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of cellular proteome of control and induced cells identified 1802 proteins of which 105 displayed significant changes in abundance. Functional analysis of the resulting relative changes in protein abundance revealed regulation of several cellular pathways including protein transport, metabolic and signaling pathways and remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions. We also identified several physically interacting co-regulated proteins in the set of changed proteins. Conclusions In this experiment we show that increased metabolic flux through sialic acid producing pathway affects the abundance of several protein transport, epithelial adherens junction, signaling and metabolic pathway related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville I Parviainen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki & HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Yang H, Zheng Y, Li TWH, Peng H, Fernandez-Ramos D, Martínez-Chantar ML, Rojas AL, Mato JM, Lu SC. Methionine adenosyltransferase 2B, HuR, and sirtuin 1 protein cross-talk impacts on the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis and growth in liver cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23161-70. [PMID: 23814050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.487157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic in liver cancer cells. Methionine adenosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B) encodes for two dominant variants V1 and V2 that positively regulate growth, and V1 is anti-apoptotic when overexpressed. Interestingly, crystal structure analysis of MAT2B protein (MATβ) protomer revealed two resveratrol binding pockets, which raises the question of the role of MAT2B in resveratrol biological activities. We found that resveratrol induced the expression of MAT2BV1 and V2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner by increasing transcription, mRNA, and protein stabilization. Following resveratrol treatment, HuR expression increased first, followed by SIRT1 and MAT2B. SIRT1 induction contributes to increased MAT2B transcription whereas HuR induction increased MAT2B mRNA stability. MATβ interacts with HuR and SIRT1, and resveratrol treatment enhanced these interactions while reducing the interaction between MATβ and MATα2. Because MATβ lowers the Ki of MATα2 for S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), this allowed steady-state AdoMet level to rise. Interaction among MATβ, SIRT1, and HuR increased stability of these proteins. Induction of MAT2B is a compensatory response to resveratrol as knocking down MAT2BV1 potentiated the resveratrol pro-apoptotic and growth-suppressive effects, whereas the opposite occurred with V1 overexpression. The same effect on growth occurred with MAT2BV2. In conclusion, resveratrol induces HuR, SIRT1, and MAT2B expression; the last may represent a compensatory response against apoptosis and growth inhibition. However, MATβ induction also facilitates SIRT1 activation, as the interaction stabilizes SIRT1. This complex interplay among MATβ, HuR, and SIRT1 has not been previously reported and suggests that these proteins may regulate each other's signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Ji Y, Nordgren KKS, Chai Y, Hebbring SJ, Jenkins GD, Abo RP, Peng Y, Pelleymounter LL, Moon I, Eckloff BW, Chai X, Zhang J, Fridley BL, Yee VC, Wieben ED, Weinshilboum RM. Human liver methionine cycle: MAT1A and GNMT gene resequencing, functional genomics, and hepatic genotype-phenotype correlation. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1984-92. [PMID: 22807109 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The "methionine cycle" plays a critical role in the regulation of concentrations of (S)-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the major biological methyl donor. We set out to study sequence variation in genes encoding the enzyme that synthesizes AdoMet in liver, methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) and the major hepatic AdoMet using enzyme, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), as well as functional implications of that variation. We resequenced MAT1A and GNMT using DNA from 288 subjects of three ethnicities, followed by functional genomic and genotype-phenotype correlation studies performed with 268 hepatic biopsy samples. We identified 44 and 42 polymorphisms in MAT1A and GNMT, respectively. Quantitative Western blot analyses for the human liver samples showed large individual variation in MAT1A and GNMT protein expression. Genotype-phenotype correlation identified two genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), reference SNP (rs) 9471976 (corrected p = 3.9 × 10(-10)) and rs11752813 (corrected p = 1.8 × 10(-5)), and 42 imputed SNPs surrounding GNMT that were significantly associated with hepatic GNMT protein levels (corrected p values < 0.01). Reporter gene studies showed that variant alleles for both genotyped SNPs resulted in decreased transcriptional activity. Correlation analyses among hepatic protein levels for methionine cycle enzymes showed significant correlations between GNMT and MAT1A (p = 1.5 × 10(-3)) and between GNMT and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (p = 1.6 × 10(-7)). Our discovery of SNPs that are highly associated with hepatic GNMT protein expression as well as the "coordinate regulation" of methionine cycle enzyme protein levels provide novel insight into the regulation of this important human liver biochemical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hebbring SJ, Chai Y, Ji Y, Abo RP, Jenkins GD, Fridley B, Zhang J, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Weinshilboum RM. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 and 2: gene sequence variation and functional genomic characterization. J Neurochem 2012; 120:881-90. [PMID: 22220685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) catalyzes the transfer of a β-carbon from serine to tetrahydrofolate to form glycine and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate. This reaction plays an important role in neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. We set out to resequence SHMT1 and SHMT2, followed by functional genomic studies. We identified 87 and 60 polymorphisms in SHMT1 and SHMT2, respectively. We observed no significant functional effect of the 13 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in these genes, either on catalytic activity or protein quantity. We imputed additional variants across the two genes using '1000 Genomes' data, and identified 14 variants that were significantly associated (p<1.0E-10) with SHMT1 messenger RNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Many of these SNPs were also significantly correlated with basal SHMT1 protein expression in 268 human liver biopsy samples. Reporter gene assays suggested that the SHMT1 promoter SNP, rs669340, contributed to this variation. Finally, SHMT1 and SHMT2 expression were significantly correlated with those of other Folate and Methionine Cycle genes at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. These experiments represent a comprehensive study of SHMT1 and SHMT2 gene sequence variation and its functional implications. In addition, we obtained preliminary indications that these genes may be co-regulated with other Folate and Methionine Cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Hebbring
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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